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Limonta P, Chiaramonte R, Casati L. Unveiling the Dynamic Interplay between Cancer Stem Cells and the Tumor Microenvironment in Melanoma: Implications for Novel Therapeutic Strategies. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2861. [PMID: 39199632 PMCID: PMC11352669 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16162861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma still represents a significant health burden worldwide, being responsible for the majority of skin cancer deaths. Key advances in therapeutic strategies have significantly improved patient outcomes; however, most patients experience drug resistance and tumor relapse. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small subpopulation of cells in different tumors, including melanoma, endowed with distinctive capacities of self-renewal and differentiation into bulk tumor cells. Melanoma CSCs are characterized by the expression of specific biomarkers and intracellular pathways; moreover, they play a pivotal role in tumor onset, progression and drug resistance. In recent years, great efforts have been made to dissect the molecular mechanisms underlying the protumor activities of melanoma CSCs to provide the basis for novel CSC-targeted therapies. Herein, we highlight the intricate crosstalk between melanoma CSCs and bystander cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME), including immune cells, endothelial cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and its role in melanoma progression. Specifically, we discuss the peculiar capacities of melanoma CSCs to escape the host immune surveillance, to recruit immunosuppressive cells and to educate immune cells toward an immunosuppressive and protumor phenotype. We also address currently investigated CSC-targeted strategies that could pave the way for new promising therapeutic approaches for melanoma care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Limonta
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences “R. Paoletti”, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaella Chiaramonte
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy;
| | - Lavinia Casati
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy;
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2
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Cinar M, Martinez-Medina L, Puvvula P, Arakelyan A, Vardarajan B, Anthony N, Nagaraju G, Park D, Feng L, Sheff F, Mosunjac M, Saxe D, Flygare S, Alese O, Kaufman J, Lonial S, Sarmiento J, Lossos I, Vertino P, Lopez J, El-Rayes B, Bernal-Mizrachi L. Transposon DNA sequences facilitate the tissue-specific gene transfer of circulating tumor DNA between human cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:7539-7555. [PMID: 38783375 PMCID: PMC11260451 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The exchange of genes between cells is known to play an important physiological and pathological role in many organisms. We show that circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) facilitates cell-specific gene transfer between human cancer cells and explain part of the mechanisms behind this phenomenon. As ctDNA migrates into the nucleus, genetic information is transferred. Cell targeting and ctDNA integration require ERVL, SINE or LINE DNA sequences. Chemically manufactured AluSp and MER11C sequences replicated multiple myeloma (MM) ctDNA cell targeting and integration. Additionally, we found that ctDNA may alter the treatment response of MM and pancreatic cancer models. This study shows that retrotransposon DNA sequences promote cancer gene transfer. However, because cell-free DNA has been detected in physiological and other pathological conditions, our findings have a broader impact than just cancer. Furthermore, the discovery that transposon DNA sequences mediate tissue-specific targeting will open up a new avenue for the delivery of genes and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munevver Cinar
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Arsen Arakelyan
- Bioinformatics group, Institute of Molecular Biology NAS RA, Yerevan, Armenia
| | | | - Neil Anthony
- Integrated Cellular Imaging Core, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ganji P Nagaraju
- Division of hematology and oncology, O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Dongkyoo Park
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lei Feng
- Kodikaz Therapeutic Solutions, Inc, New York, NY, USA
| | - Faith Sheff
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Marina Mosunjac
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Debra Saxe
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Steven Flygare
- Department of Computational Biology/ Genetics, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Olatunji B Alese
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jonathan L Kaufman
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sagar Lonial
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Juan M Sarmiento
- Department of Surgery, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Izidore S Lossos
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology and Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Paula M Vertino
- Department of Biomedical Genetics and the Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Jose A Lopez
- Bloodworks Northwest Research Institute, Division of Hematology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Bassel El-Rayes
- Division of hematology and oncology, O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Leon Bernal-Mizrachi
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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3
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Puvvula PK, Johnson A, Bernal-Mizrachi L. Unveiling retrotransposon-derived DNA zip code for myeloma cell internalization. Oncoscience 2024; 11:58-64. [PMID: 39015604 PMCID: PMC11251427 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anthony Johnson
- Kodikaz Therapeutic Solutions, (INC), New York, NY 10014, USA
| | - Leon Bernal-Mizrachi
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Ebrahim T, Ebrahim AS, Kandouz M. Diversity of Intercellular Communication Modes: A Cancer Biology Perspective. Cells 2024; 13:495. [PMID: 38534339 DOI: 10.3390/cells13060495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
From the moment a cell is on the path to malignant transformation, its interaction with other cells from the microenvironment becomes altered. The flow of molecular information is at the heart of the cellular and systemic fate in tumors, and various processes participate in conveying key molecular information from or to certain cancer cells. For instance, the loss of tight junction molecules is part of the signal sent to cancer cells so that they are no longer bound to the primary tumors and are thus free to travel and metastasize. Upon the targeting of a single cell by a therapeutic drug, gap junctions are able to communicate death information to by-standing cells. The discovery of the importance of novel modes of cell-cell communication such as different types of extracellular vesicles or tunneling nanotubes is changing the way scientists look at these processes. However, are they all actively involved in different contexts at the same time or are they recruited to fulfill specific tasks? What does the multiplicity of modes mean for the overall progression of the disease? Here, we extend an open invitation to think about the overall significance of these questions, rather than engage in an elusive attempt at a systematic repertory of the mechanisms at play.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanzeela Ebrahim
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Abdul Shukkur Ebrahim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Mustapha Kandouz
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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5
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Puvvula PK, Martinez-Medina L, Cinar M, Feng L, Pisarev A, Johnson A, Bernal-Mizrachi L. A retrotransposon-derived DNA zip code internalizes myeloma cells through Clathrin-Rab5a-mediated endocytosis. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1288724. [PMID: 38463228 PMCID: PMC10920344 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1288724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction We have demonstrated that transposons derived from ctDNA can be transferred between cancer cells. The present research aimed to investigate the cellular uptake and intracellular trafficking of Multiple Myeloma-zip code (MM-ZC), a cell-specific zip code, in myeloma cell lines. We demonstrated that MM-ZC uptake by myeloma cells was concentration-, time- and cell-type-dependent. Methods Flow cytometry and confocal microscopy methods were used to identify the level of internalization of the zip codes in MM cells. To screen for the mechanism of internalization, we used multiple inhibitors of endocytosis. These experiments were followed by biotin pulldown and confocal microscopy for validation. Single interference RNA (siRNA) targeting some of the proteins involved in endocytosis was used to validate the role of this pathway in ZC cell internalization. Results Endocytosis inhibitors identified that Monensin and Chlorpromazine hydrochloride significantly reduced MM-ZC internalization. These findings suggested that Clathrin-mediated endocytosis and endosomal maturation play a crucial role in the cellular uptake of MM-ZC. Biotin pulldown and confocal microscopic studies revealed the involvement of proteins such as Clathrin, Rab5a, Syntaxin-6, and RCAS1 in facilitating the internalization of MM-ZC. Knockdown of Rab5a and Clathrin proteins reduced cellular uptake of MM-ZC and conclusively demonstrated the involvement of Clathrin-Rab5a pathways in MM-ZC endocytosis. Furthermore, both Rab5a and Clathrin reciprocally affected their association with MM-ZC when we depleted their proteins by siRNAs. Additionally, the loss of Rab5a decreased the Syntaxin-6 association with MMZC but not vice versa. Conversely, MM-ZC treatment enhanced the association between Clathrin and Rab5a. Conclusion Overall, the current study provides valuable insights into the cellular uptake and intracellular trafficking of MM-ZC in myeloma cells. Identifying these mechanisms and molecular players involved in MM-ZC uptake contributes to a better understanding of the delivery and potential applications of cell-specific Zip-Codes in gene delivery and drug targeting in cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Munevver Cinar
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Lei Feng
- Kodikaz Therapeutic Solutions, New York, NY, United States
| | - Andrey Pisarev
- Kodikaz Therapeutic Solutions, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Leon Bernal-Mizrachi
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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López Sánchez A, Lafond M. Predicting horizontal gene transfers with perfect transfer networks. Algorithms Mol Biol 2024; 19:6. [PMID: 38321476 PMCID: PMC10848447 DOI: 10.1186/s13015-023-00242-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Horizontal gene transfer inference approaches are usually based on gene sequences: parametric methods search for patterns that deviate from a particular genomic signature, while phylogenetic methods use sequences to reconstruct the gene and species trees. However, it is well-known that sequences have difficulty identifying ancient transfers since mutations have enough time to erase all evidence of such events. In this work, we ask whether character-based methods can predict gene transfers. Their advantage over sequences is that homologous genes can have low DNA similarity, but still have retained enough important common motifs that allow them to have common character traits, for instance the same functional or expression profile. A phylogeny that has two separate clades that acquired the same character independently might indicate the presence of a transfer even in the absence of sequence similarity. OUR CONTRIBUTIONS We introduce perfect transfer networks, which are phylogenetic networks that can explain the character diversity of a set of taxa under the assumption that characters have unique births, and that once a character is gained it is rarely lost. Examples of such traits include transposable elements, biochemical markers and emergence of organelles, just to name a few. We study the differences between our model and two similar models: perfect phylogenetic networks and ancestral recombination networks. Our goals are to initiate a study on the structural and algorithmic properties of perfect transfer networks. We then show that in polynomial time, one can decide whether a given network is a valid explanation for a set of taxa, and show how, for a given tree, one can add transfer edges to it so that it explains a set of taxa. We finally provide lower and upper bounds on the number of transfers required to explain a set of taxa, in the worst case.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuel Lafond
- Department of Computer Science, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
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De La Cruz-Sigüenza DA, Reyes-Grajeda JP, Velasco-Velázquez MA, Trejo-Becerril C, Pérez-Cárdenas E, Chávez-Blanco A, Taja-Chayeb L, Domínguez-Gómez G, Ramos-Godinez MP, González-Fierro A, Dueñas-González A. The non-vesicle cell-free DNA (cfDNA) induces cell transformation associated with horizontal DNA transfer. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:174. [PMID: 38252353 PMCID: PMC10803523 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09016-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is a source for liquid biopsy used for cancer diagnosis, therapy selection, and disease monitoring due to its non-invasive nature and ease of extraction. However, cfDNA also participates in cancer development and progression by horizontal transfer. In humans, cfDNA circulates complexed with extracellular vesicles (EV) and macromolecular complexes such as nucleosomes, lipids, and serum proteins. The present study aimed to demonstrate whether cfDNA not associated with EV induces cell transformation and tumorigenesis. METHODS Supernatant of the SW480 human colon cancer cell line was processed by ultracentrifugation to obtain a soluble fraction (SF) and a fraction associated with EV (EVF). Primary murine embryonic fibroblast cells (NIH3T3) underwent passive transfection with these fractions, and cell proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, cell transformation, and tumorigenic assays were performed. Next, cfDNA was analyzed by electronic microscopy, and horizontal transfer was assessed by human mutant KRAS in recipient cells via PCR and recipient cell internalization via fluorescence microscopy. RESULTS The results showed that the SF but not the EVF of cfDNA induced proliferative and antiapoptotic effects, cell transformation, and tumorigenesis in nude mice, which were reduced by digestion with DNAse I and proteinase K. These effects were associated with horizontal DNA transfer and cfDNA internalization into recipient cells. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest pro-tumorigenic effects of cfDNA in the SF that can be offset by enzyme treatment. Further exploration of the horizontal tumor progression phenomenon mediated by cfDNA is needed to determine whether its manipulation may play a role in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A De La Cruz-Sigüenza
- Subdirection of Basic Research, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - J P Reyes-Grajeda
- Protein Structure Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genomica (INMEGEN), Tlalpan, 14610, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - M A Velasco-Velázquez
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Coyoacan, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - C Trejo-Becerril
- Subdirection of Basic Research, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - E Pérez-Cárdenas
- Subdirection of Basic Research, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - A Chávez-Blanco
- Subdirection of Basic Research, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - L Taja-Chayeb
- Subdirection of Basic Research, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - G Domínguez-Gómez
- Subdirection of Basic Research, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - M P Ramos-Godinez
- Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - A González-Fierro
- Subdirection of Basic Research, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - A Dueñas-González
- Subdirection of Basic Research, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico.
- Department of Genomic Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Institute of Biomedical Research, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), Av. Universidad 3004, Copilco Universidad, Coyoacan, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Witz A, Dardare J, Betz M, Gilson P, Merlin JL, Harlé A. Tumor-derived cell-free DNA and circulating tumor cells: partners or rivals in metastasis formation? Clin Exp Med 2024; 24:2. [PMID: 38231464 PMCID: PMC10794481 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01278-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The origin of metastases is a topic that has sparked controversy. Despite recent advancements, metastatic disease continues to pose challenges. The first admitted model of how metastases develop revolves around cells breaking away from the primary tumor, known as circulating tumor cells (CTCs). These cells survive while circulating through the bloodstream and subsequently establish themselves in secondary organs, a process often referred to as the "metastatic cascade". This intricate and dynamic process involves various steps, but all the mechanisms behind metastatic dissemination are not yet comprehensively elucidated. The "seed and soil" theory has shed light on the phenomenon of metastatic organotropism and the existence of pre-metastatic niches. It is now established that these niches can be primed by factors secreted by the primary tumor before the arrival of CTCs. In particular, exosomes have been identified as important contributors to this priming. Another concept then emerged, i.e. the "genometastasis" theory, which challenged all other postulates. It emphasizes the intriguing but promising role of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in metastasis formation through oncogenic formation of recipient cells. However, it cannot be ruled out that all these theories are intertwined. This review outlines the primary theories regarding the metastases formation that involve CTCs, and depicts cfDNA, a potential second player in the metastasis formation. We discuss the potential interrelationships between CTCs and cfDNA, and propose both in vitro and in vivo experimental strategies to explore all plausible theories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréa Witz
- Département de Biopathologie, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7039 CRAN-Université de Lorraine, 6 avenue de Bourgogne, 54519, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France.
| | - Julie Dardare
- Département de Biopathologie, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7039 CRAN-Université de Lorraine, 6 avenue de Bourgogne, 54519, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Margaux Betz
- Département de Biopathologie, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7039 CRAN-Université de Lorraine, 6 avenue de Bourgogne, 54519, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Pauline Gilson
- Département de Biopathologie, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7039 CRAN-Université de Lorraine, 6 avenue de Bourgogne, 54519, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Louis Merlin
- Département de Biopathologie, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7039 CRAN-Université de Lorraine, 6 avenue de Bourgogne, 54519, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Alexandre Harlé
- Département de Biopathologie, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7039 CRAN-Université de Lorraine, 6 avenue de Bourgogne, 54519, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
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Najafi S, Majidpoor J, Mortezaee K. Liquid biopsy in colorectal cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 553:117674. [PMID: 38007059 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Liquid biopsy refers to a set of pathological samples retrieved from non-solid sources, such as blood, cerebrospinal fluid, urine, and saliva through non-invasive or minimally invasive approaches. In the recent decades, an increasing number of studies have focused on clinical applications and improving technological investigation of liquid biopsy biosources for diagnostic goals particularly in cancer. Materials extracted from these sources and used for medical evaluations include cells like circulating tumor cells (CTCs), tumor-educated platelets (TEPs), cell-free nucleic acids released by cells, such as circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), cell-free DNA (cfDNA), cell-free RNA (cfRNA), and exosomes. Playing significant roles in the pathogenesis of human malignancies, analysis of these sources can provide easier access to genetic and transcriptomic information of the cancer tissue even better than the conventional tissue biopsy. Notably, they can represent the inter- and intra-tumoral heterogeneity and accordingly, liquid biopsies demonstrate strengths for improving diagnosis in early detection and screening, monitoring and follow-up after therapies, and personalization of therapeutical strategies in various types of human malignancies. In this review, we aim to discuss the roles, functions, and analysis approaches of liquid biopsy sources and their clinical implications in human malignancies with a focus on colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Najafi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jamal Majidpoor
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Keywan Mortezaee
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
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Haghjooy Javanmard S, Rafiee L, Bahri Najafi M, Khorsandi D, Hasan A, Vaseghi G, Makvandi P. Microfluidic-based technologies in cancer liquid biopsy: Unveiling the role of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) materials. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 238:117083. [PMID: 37690629 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Liquid biopsy includes the isolating and analysis of non-solid biological samples enables us to find new ways for molecular profiling, prognostic assessment, and better therapeutic decision-making in cancer patients. Despite the conventional theory of tumor development, a non-vertical transmission of DNA has been reported among cancer cells and between cancer and normal cells. The phenomenon referred to as horizontal gene transfer (HGT) has the ability to amplify the advancement of tumors by disseminating genes that encode molecules conferring benefits to the survival or metastasis of cancer cells. Currently, common liquid biopsy approaches include the analysis of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and tumor-free DNA (tfDNA) derived from primary tumors and their metastatic sites, which are well-known HGT mediators in cancer cells. Current technological and molecular advances expedited the high-throughput and high-sensitive HGT materials analyses by using new technologies, such as microfluidics in liquid biopsies. This review delves into the convergence of microfluidic-based technologies and the investigation of Horizontal Gene Transfer (HGT) materials in cancer liquid biopsy. The integration of microfluidics offers unprecedented advantages such as high sensitivity, rapid analysis, and the ability to analyze rare cell populations. These attributes are instrumental in detecting and characterizing CTCs, circulating nucleic acids, and EVs, which are carriers of genetic cargo that could potentially undergo HGT. The phenomenon of HGT in cancer has raised intriguing questions about its role in driving genomic diversity and acquired drug resistance. By leveraging microfluidic platforms, researchers have been able to capture and analyze individual cells or genetic material with enhanced precision, shedding light on the potential transfer of genetic material between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells. Furthermore, the application of microfluidics in single-cell sequencing has enabled the elucidation of the genetic changes associated with HGT events, providing insights into the evolution of tumor genomes. This review also discusses the challenges and opportunities in studying HGT materials using microfluidic-based technologies. In conclusion, microfluidic-based technologies have significantly advanced the field of cancer liquid biopsy, enabling the sensitive and accurate detection of HGT materials. As the understanding of HGT's role in tumor evolution and therapy resistance continues to evolve, the synergistic integration of microfluidics and HGT research promises to provide valuable insights into cancer biology, with potential implications for precision oncology and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaghayegh Haghjooy Javanmard
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Laleh Rafiee
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Majed Bahri Najafi
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Danial Khorsandi
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, United States
| | - Anwarul Hasan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
| | - Golnaz Vaseghi
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Pooyan Makvandi
- The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, 324000, Zhejiang, China.
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11
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Temilola DO, Adeola HA, Grobbelaar J, Chetty M. Liquid Biopsy in Head and Neck Cancer: Its Present State and Future Role in Africa. Cells 2023; 12:2663. [PMID: 37998398 PMCID: PMC10670726 DOI: 10.3390/cells12222663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The rising mortality and morbidity rate of head and neck cancer (HNC) in Africa has been attributed to factors such as the poor state of health infrastructures, genetics, and late presentation resulting in the delayed diagnosis of these tumors. If well harnessed, emerging molecular and omics diagnostic technologies such as liquid biopsy can potentially play a major role in optimizing the management of HNC in Africa. However, to successfully apply liquid biopsy technology in the management of HNC in Africa, factors such as genetic, socioeconomic, environmental, and cultural acceptability of the technology must be given due consideration. This review outlines the role of circulating molecules such as tumor cells, tumor DNA, tumor RNA, proteins, and exosomes, in liquid biopsy technology for the management of HNC with a focus on studies conducted in Africa. The present state and the potential opportunities for the future use of liquid biopsy technology in the effective management of HNC in resource-limited settings such as Africa is further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dada Oluwaseyi Temilola
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of the Western Cape, Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town 7505, South Africa;
| | - Henry Ademola Adeola
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of the Western Cape, Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town 7505, South Africa;
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences and Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Johan Grobbelaar
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town 7505, South Africa;
| | - Manogari Chetty
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of the Western Cape, Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town 7505, South Africa;
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12
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Arena GO, Forte S, Abdouh M, Vanier C, Corbeil D, Lorico A. Horizontal Transfer of Malignant Traits and the Involvement of Extracellular Vesicles in Metastasis. Cells 2023; 12:1566. [PMID: 37371036 PMCID: PMC10297028 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastases are responsible for the vast majority of cancer deaths, yet most therapeutic efforts have focused on targeting and interrupting tumor growth rather than impairing the metastatic process. Traditionally, cancer metastasis is attributed to the dissemination of neoplastic cells from the primary tumor to distant organs through blood and lymphatic circulation. A thorough understanding of the metastatic process is essential to develop new therapeutic strategies that improve cancer survival. Since Paget's original description of the "Seed and Soil" hypothesis over a hundred years ago, alternative theories and new players have been proposed. In particular, the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by cancer cells and their uptake by neighboring cells or at distinct anatomical sites has been explored. Here, we will outline and discuss these alternative theories and emphasize the horizontal transfer of EV-associated biomolecules as a possibly major event leading to cell transformation and the induction of metastases. We will also highlight the recently discovered intracellular pathway used by EVs to deliver their cargoes into the nucleus of recipient cells, which is a potential target for novel anti-metastatic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goffredo O. Arena
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada;
- Fondazione Istituto G. Giglio, 90015 Cefalù, Italy
- Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, 95029 Viagrande, Italy;
| | - Stefano Forte
- Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, 95029 Viagrande, Italy;
| | - Mohamed Abdouh
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada;
| | - Cheryl Vanier
- Touro University Nevada College of Medicine, Henderson, NV 89014, USA;
| | - Denis Corbeil
- Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC) and Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Aurelio Lorico
- Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, 95029 Viagrande, Italy;
- Touro University Nevada College of Medicine, Henderson, NV 89014, USA;
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13
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Wang R, Zhong H, Wang C, Huang X, Huang A, Du N, Wang D, Sun Q, He M. Tumor malignancy by genetic transfer between cells forming cell-in-cell structures. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:195. [PMID: 36914619 PMCID: PMC10011543 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05707-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Cell-in-cell structures (CICs) refer to a type of unique structure with one or more cells within another one, whose biological outcomes are poorly understood. The present study aims to investigate the effects of CICs formation on tumor progression. Using genetically marked hepatocellular cancer cell lines, we explored the possibility that tumor cells might acquire genetic information and malignant phenotypes from parental cells undergoing CICs formation. The present study showed that the derivatives, isolated from CICs formed between two subpopulations by flow cytometry sorting, were found to inherit aggressive features from the parental cells, manifested with increased abilities in both proliferation and invasiveness. Consistently, the CICs clones expressed a lower level of E-cadherin and a higher level of Vimentin, ZEB-1, Fibronectin, MMP9, MMP2 and Snail as compared with the parental cells, indicating epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Remarkably, the new derivatives exhibited significantly enhanced tumorigenicity in the xenograft mouse models. Moreover, whole exome sequencing analysis identified a group of potential genes which were involved in CIC-mediated genetic transfer. These results are consistent with a role of genetic transfer by CICs formation in genomic instability and malignancy of tumor cells, which suggest that the formation of CICs may promote genetic transfer and gain of malignancy during tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhi Wang
- Laboratory of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Hao Zhong
- Laboratory of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Chenxi Wang
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China.,Research Unit of Cell Death Mechanism, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, 2021RU008, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Huang
- Laboratory of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Anpei Huang
- Laboratory of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Nannan Du
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China.,Research Unit of Cell Death Mechanism, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, 2021RU008, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China. .,Research Unit of Cell Death Mechanism, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, 2021RU008, Beijing, China.
| | - Meifang He
- Laboratory of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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14
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Host-microbiota interactions and oncogenesis: Crosstalk and its implications in etiology. Microb Pathog 2023; 178:106063. [PMID: 36893903 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
A number of articles have discussed the potential of microbiota in oncogenesis. Several of these have evaluated the modulation of microbiota and its influence on cancer development. Even in recent past, a plethora of studies have gathered in order to understand the difference in microbiota population among different cancer and normal individuals. Although in majority of studies, microbiota mediated oncogenesis has been primarily attributed to the inflammatory mechanisms, there are several other ways through which microbiota can influence oncogenesis. These relatively less discussed aspects including the hormonal modulation through estrobolome and endobolome, production of cyclomodulins, and lateral gene transfer need more attention of scientific community. We prepared this article to discuss the role of microbiota in oncogenesis in order to provide concise information on these relatively less discussed microbiota mediated oncogenesis mechanisms.
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15
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Metastatic Melanoma: Liquid Biopsy as a New Precision Medicine Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044014. [PMID: 36835424 PMCID: PMC9962821 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Precision medicine has driven a major change in the treatment of many forms of cancer. The discovery that each patient is different and each tumor mass has its own characteristics has shifted the focus of basic and clinical research to the singular individual. Liquid biopsy (LB), in this sense, presents new scenarios in personalized medicine through the study of molecules, factors, and tumor biomarkers in blood such as circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), exosomes and circulating tumor microRNAs (ct-miRNAs). Moreover, its easy application and complete absence of contraindications for the patient make this method applicable in a great many fields. Melanoma, given its highly heterogeneous characteristics, is a cancer form that could significantly benefit from the information linked to liquid biopsy, especially in the treatment management. In this review, we will focus our attention on the latest applications of liquid biopsy in metastatic melanoma and possible developments in the clinical setting.
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16
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Ruiz Esparza Garrido R, Gutiérrez M, Ángel Velázquez Flores M. Circulating cervical cancer biomarkers potentially useful in medical attention (Review). Mol Clin Oncol 2023; 18:13. [PMID: 36761385 PMCID: PMC9892968 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2023.2609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) is a public health problem worldwide, including Mexico. This type of cancer is the fourth most frequent in women worldwide; in Mexico it is the second most common type in women after breast cancer. The diagnosis of CC is based mainly on Pap smears and colposcopy and the identification of molecular tools that serve as a support for these methods is urgent. Regarding this, differential expressions of specific circulating biomolecules has been detected and, based on this, they have been postulated as potential biomarkers for CC diagnosis, prognosis, and/or to identify the response to treatments. Importantly, the combined analysis of these molecules considerably improves their efficacy as biomarkers and their potential use in the medical attention is promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Ruiz Esparza Garrido
- Investigadora por México, Non-coding RNAs Laboratory, Medical Research Unit in Human Genetics, Children's Hospital ‘Dr. Silvestre Frenk Freund’, National Medical Center XXI Century, Mexican Institute of Social (Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, IMSS), Doctores, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Mercedes Gutiérrez
- ATSO PHARMA Laboratory, Jardines del Pedregal, Álvaro Obregón, Mexico City 01900, Mexico
| | - Miguel Ángel Velázquez Flores
- Non-coding RNAs Laboratory, Medical Research Unit in Human Genetics, Children's Hospital ‘Dr. Silvestre Frenk Freund’, National Medical Center XXI Century, Mexican Institute of Social (Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, IMSS), Doctores, Mexico City 06720, Mexico,Correspondence to: Dr Miguel Ángel Velázquez Flores, Non-coding RNAs Laboratory, Medical Research Unit in Human Genetics, Children's Hospital ‘Dr. Silvestre Frenk Freund’, National Medical Center XXI Century, Mexican Institute of Social Security, 330 Cuauhtémoc Avenue, Doctores, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
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17
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He W, Xiao Y, Yan S, Zhu Y, Ren S. Cell-free DNA in the management of prostate cancer: Current status and future prospective. Asian J Urol 2022. [PMID: 37538150 PMCID: PMC10394290 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajur.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective With the escalating prevalence of prostate cancer (PCa) in China, there is an urgent demand for novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Extensive investigations have been conducted on the clinical implementation of circulating free DNA (cfDNA) in PCa. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the present state of cfDNA as a biomarker for PCa and to examine its merits and obstacles for future clinical utilization. Methods Relevant peer-reviewed manuscripts on cfDNA as a PCa marker were evaluated by PubMed search (2010-2022) to evaluate the roles of cfDNA in PCa diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction, respectively. Results cfDNA is primarily released from cells undergoing necrosis and apoptosis, allowing for non-invasive insight into the genomic, transcriptomic, and epigenomic alterations within various PCa disease states. Next-generation sequencing, among other detection methods, enables the assessment of cfDNA abundance, mutation status, fragment characteristics, and epigenetic modifications. Multidimensional analysis based on cfDNA can facilitate early detection of PCa, risk stratification, and treatment monitoring. However, standardization of cfDNA detection methods is still required to expedite its clinical application. Conclusion cfDNA provides a non-invasive, rapid, and repeatable means of acquiring multidimensional information from PCa patients, which can aid in guiding clinical decisions and enhancing patient management. Overcoming the application barriers of cfDNA necessitates increased data sharing and international collaboration.
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18
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Műzes G, Bohusné Barta B, Szabó O, Horgas V, Sipos F. Cell-Free DNA in the Pathogenesis and Therapy of Non-Infectious Inflammations and Tumors. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10112853. [PMID: 36359370 PMCID: PMC9687442 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The basic function of the immune system is the protection of the host against infections, along with the preservation of the individual antigenic identity. The process of self-tolerance covers the discrimination between self and foreign antigens, including proteins, nucleic acids, and larger molecules. Consequently, a broken immunological self-tolerance results in the development of autoimmune or autoinflammatory disorders. Immunocompetent cells express pattern-recognition receptors on their cell membrane and cytoplasm. The majority of endogenous DNA is located intracellularly within nuclei and mitochondria. However, extracellular, cell-free DNA (cfDNA) can also be detected in a variety of diseases, such as autoimmune disorders and malignancies, which has sparked interest in using cfDNA as a possible biomarker. In recent years, the widespread use of liquid biopsies and the increasing demand for screening, as well as monitoring disease activity and therapy response, have enabled the revival of cfDNA research. The majority of studies have mainly focused on the function of cfDNA as a biomarker. However, research regarding the immunological consequences of cfDNA, such as its potential immunomodulatory or therapeutic benefits, is still in its infancy. This article discusses the involvement of various DNA-sensing receptors (e.g., absent in melanoma-2; Toll-like receptor 9; cyclic GMP-AMP synthase/activator of interferon genes) in identifying host cfDNA as a potent danger-associated molecular pattern. Furthermore, we aim to summarize the results of the experimental studies that we recently performed and highlight the immunomodulatory capacity of cfDNA, and thus, the potential for possible therapeutic consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ferenc Sipos
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-20-478-0752; Fax: +36-1-266-0816
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19
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Bożyk A, Nicoś M. The Overview of Perspectives of Clinical Application of Liquid Biopsy in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:1640. [PMID: 36295075 PMCID: PMC9604747 DOI: 10.3390/life12101640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The standard diagnostics procedure for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) requires a pathological evaluation of tissue samples obtained by surgery or biopsy, which are considered invasive sampling procedures. Due to this fact, re-sampling of the primary tumor at the moment of progression is limited and depends on the patient's condition, even if it could reveal a mechanism of resistance to applied therapy. Recently, many studies have indicated that liquid biopsy could be provided for the noninvasive management of NSCLC patients who receive molecularly targeted therapies or immunotherapy. The liquid biopsy of neoplastic patients harbors small fragments of circulating-free DNA (cfDNA) and cell-free RNA (cfRNA) secreted to the circulation from normal cells, as well as a subset of tumor-derived circulating tumor cells (CTCs) or circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). In NSCLC patients, a longitudinal assessment of genetic alterations in "druggable" genes in liquid biopsy might improve the follow-up of treatment efficacy and allow for the detection of an early progression before it is detectable in computed tomography or a clinical image. However, a liquid biopsy may be used to determine a variety of relevant molecular or genetic information for understanding tumor biology and its evolutionary trajectories. Thus, liquid biopsy is currently associated with greater hope for common diagnostic and clinical applications. In this review, we would like to highlight diagnostic challenges in the application of liquid biopsy into the clinical routine and indicate its implications on the metastatic spread of NSCLC or monitoring of personalized treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcin Nicoś
- Department of Pneumonology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
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20
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Ramos-Martín F, Herrera-León C, D'Amelio N. Bombyx mori Cecropin D could trigger cancer cell apoptosis by interacting with mitochondrial cardiolipin. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2022; 1864:184003. [PMID: 35850261 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2022.184003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cecropin D is an antimicrobial peptide from Bombyx mori displaying anticancer and pro-apoptotic activities and, together with Cecropin XJ and Cecropin A, one of the very few peptides targeting esophageal cancer. Cecropin D displays poor similarity to other cecropins but a remarkable similarity in the structure and activity spectrum with Cecropin A and Cecropin XJ, offering the possibility to highlight key motifs at the base of the biological activity. In this work we show by NMR and MD simulations that Cecropin D is partially structured in solution and stabilizes its two-helix folding upon interaction with biomimetic membranes. Simulations show that Cecropin D strongly interacts with the surface of cancer cell biomimetic bilayers where it recognises the phosphatidylserine headgroup often exposed in the outer leaflet of cancerous cells by means of specific salt bridges. Cecropin D is also able to penetrate deeply in bilayers containing cardiolipin, a phospholipid found in mitochondria, causing significant destabilization in the lipid packing which might account for its pro-apoptotic activity. In bacterial membranes, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine act synergically by electrostatically attracting cecropin D and providing access to the membrane core, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Ramos-Martín
- Unité de Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire UMR 7025 CNRS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens 80039, France.
| | - Claudia Herrera-León
- Unité de Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire UMR 7025 CNRS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens 80039, France
| | - Nicola D'Amelio
- Unité de Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire UMR 7025 CNRS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens 80039, France.
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21
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Bronkhorst AJ, Ungerer V, Oberhofer A, Gabriel S, Polatoglou E, Randeu H, Uhlig C, Pfister H, Mayer Z, Holdenrieder S. New Perspectives on the Importance of Cell-Free DNA Biology. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:2147. [PMID: 36140548 PMCID: PMC9497998 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12092147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Body fluids are constantly replenished with a population of genetically diverse cell-free DNA (cfDNA) fragments, representing a vast reservoir of information reflecting real-time changes in the host and metagenome. As many body fluids can be collected non-invasively in a one-off and serial fashion, this reservoir can be tapped to develop assays for the diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of wide-ranging pathologies, such as solid tumors, fetal genetic abnormalities, rejected organ transplants, infections, and potentially many others. The translation of cfDNA research into useful clinical tests is gaining momentum, with recent progress being driven by rapidly evolving preanalytical and analytical procedures, integrated bioinformatics, and machine learning algorithms. Yet, despite these spectacular advances, cfDNA remains a very challenging analyte due to its immense heterogeneity and fluctuation in vivo. It is increasingly recognized that high-fidelity reconstruction of the information stored in cfDNA, and in turn the development of tests that are fit for clinical roll-out, requires a much deeper understanding of both the physico-chemical features of cfDNA and the biological, physiological, lifestyle, and environmental factors that modulate it. This is a daunting task, but with significant upsides. In this review we showed how expanded knowledge on cfDNA biology and faithful reverse-engineering of cfDNA samples promises to (i) augment the sensitivity and specificity of existing cfDNA assays; (ii) expand the repertoire of disease-specific cfDNA markers, thereby leading to the development of increasingly powerful assays; (iii) reshape personal molecular medicine; and (iv) have an unprecedented impact on genetics research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel J. Bronkhorst
- Munich Biomarker Research Center, Institute for Laboratory Medicine, German Heart Centre, Technical University Munich, Lazarettstraße 36, D-80636 Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Stefan Holdenrieder
- Munich Biomarker Research Center, Institute for Laboratory Medicine, German Heart Centre, Technical University Munich, Lazarettstraße 36, D-80636 Munich, Germany
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22
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Liquid Biopsies in Colorectal Liver Metastases: Towards the Era of Precision Oncologic Surgery. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174237. [PMID: 36077774 PMCID: PMC9455047 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor mutational analysis has been incorporated into the management of patients with CRLM since it can provide valuable prognostic information as well as guide peri-operative systemic treatment. Unlike tumor biopsy, liquid biopsy has emerged as a promising, non-invasive alternative that can detect cell-derived markers from a variety of body fluids and might better characterize all subclones present at a specific time point and allow sequential monitoring of disease evolution. Although not currently considered standard of care, an increasing number of cancer centers are nowadays routinely using liquid biopsies in the treatment of CRLM patients with promising results. The current review provides an overview of liquid biopsies in cancer therapeutics and focuses on the application of this relatively new approach on patients with CRLM.
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23
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Valcz G, Újvári B, Buzás EI, Krenács T, Spisák S, Kittel Á, Tulassay Z, Igaz P, Takács I, Molnár B. Small extracellular vesicle DNA-mediated horizontal gene transfer as a driving force for tumor evolution: Facts and riddles. Front Oncol 2022; 12:945376. [PMID: 36003770 PMCID: PMC9393732 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.945376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The basis of the conventional gene-centric view on tumor evolution is that vertically inherited mutations largely define the properties of tumor cells. In recent years, however, accumulating evidence shows that both the tumor cells and their microenvironment may acquire external, non-vertically inherited genetic properties via horizontal gene transfer (HGT), particularly through small extracellular vesicles (sEVs). Many phases of sEV-mediated HGT have been described, such as DNA packaging into small vesicles, their release, uptake by recipient cells, and incorporation of sEV-DNA into the recipient genome to modify the phenotype and properties of cells. Recent techniques in sEV separation, genome sequencing and editing, as well as the identification of new secretion mechanisms, shed light on a number of additional details of this phenomenon. Here, we discuss the key features of this form of gene transfer and make an attempt to draw relevant conclusions on the contribution of HGT to tumor evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Valcz
- MTA-SE Molecular Medicine Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest, Hungary
- *Correspondence: Gábor Valcz,
| | - Beáta Újvári
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, Australia
| | - Edit I. Buzás
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- ELKH-SE Immune-Proteogenomics Extracellular Vesicle Research Group, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- HCEMM-SU Extracellular Vesicle Research Group, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Krenács
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sándor Spisák
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Kittel
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Tulassay
- MTA-SE Molecular Medicine Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Igaz
- MTA-SE Molecular Medicine Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Endocrinology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Takács
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Béla Molnár
- MTA-SE Molecular Medicine Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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24
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Liu X, Papukashvili D, Wang Z, Liu Y, Chen X, Li J, Li Z, Hu L, Li Z, Rcheulishvili N, Lu X, Ma J. Potential utility of miRNAs for liquid biopsy in breast cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:940314. [PMID: 35992785 PMCID: PMC9386533 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.940314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) remains the most prevalent malignancy due to its incidence rate, recurrence, and metastasis in women. Conventional strategies of cancer detection– mammography and tissue biopsy lack the capacity to detect the complete cancer genomic landscape. Besides, they often give false- positive or negative results. The presence of this and other disadvantages such as invasiveness, high-cost, and side effects necessitates developing new strategies to overcome the BC burden. Liquid biopsy (LB) has been brought to the fore owing to its early detection, screening, prognosis, simplicity of the technique, and efficient monitoring. Remarkably, microRNAs (miRNAs)– gene expression regulators seem to play a major role as biomarkers detected in the samples of LB. Particularly, miR-21 and miR-155 among other possible candidates seem to serve as favorable biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognosis of BC. Hence, this review will assess the potential utility of miRNAs as biomarkers and will highlight certain promising candidates for the LB approach in the diagnosis and management of BC that may optimize the patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangrong Liu
- Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Dimitri Papukashvili
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhixiang Wang
- Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaoxia Chen
- Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jianrong Li
- Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhiyuan Li
- Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Linjie Hu
- Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Nino Rcheulishvili
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoqing Lu
- Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoqing Lu, ; Jinfeng Ma,
| | - Jinfeng Ma
- Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoqing Lu, ; Jinfeng Ma,
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25
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Styk J, Buglyó G, Pös O, Csók Á, Soltész B, Lukasz P, Repiská V, Nagy B, Szemes T. Extracellular Nucleic Acids in the Diagnosis and Progression of Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:3712. [PMID: 35954375 PMCID: PMC9367600 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the 3rd most common malignant neoplasm worldwide, with more than two million new cases diagnosed yearly. Despite increasing efforts in screening, many cases are still diagnosed at a late stage, when mortality is high. This paper briefly reviews known genetic causes of CRC (distinguishing between sporadic and familial forms) and discusses potential and confirmed nucleic acid biomarkers obtainable from liquid biopsies, classified by their molecular features, focusing on clinical relevance. We comment on advantageous aspects such as better patient compliance due to blood sampling being minimally invasive, the possibility to monitor mutation characteristics of sporadic and hereditary CRC in a disease showing genetic heterogeneity, and using up- or down-regulated circulating RNA markers to reveal metastasis or disease recurrence. Current difficulties and thoughts on some possible future directions are also discussed. We explore current evidence in the field pointing towards the introduction of personalized CRC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Styk
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia;
- Comenius University Science Park, Comenius University, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia; (O.P.); (B.N.); (T.S.)
- Geneton Ltd., 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Gergely Buglyó
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (G.B.); (Á.C.); (B.S.)
| | - Ondrej Pös
- Comenius University Science Park, Comenius University, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia; (O.P.); (B.N.); (T.S.)
- Geneton Ltd., 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ádám Csók
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (G.B.); (Á.C.); (B.S.)
| | - Beáta Soltész
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (G.B.); (Á.C.); (B.S.)
| | - Peter Lukasz
- Department of Surgery, Transplantation and Gastroenterology, Semmelweis University, 1082 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Vanda Repiská
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia;
- Medirex Group Academy, n.p.o., 949 05 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Bálint Nagy
- Comenius University Science Park, Comenius University, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia; (O.P.); (B.N.); (T.S.)
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (G.B.); (Á.C.); (B.S.)
| | - Tomáš Szemes
- Comenius University Science Park, Comenius University, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia; (O.P.); (B.N.); (T.S.)
- Geneton Ltd., 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, 842 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
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26
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Li X, Wang Q, Wang R. Roles of Exosome Genomic DNA in Colorectal Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:923232. [PMID: 35721181 PMCID: PMC9198365 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.923232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that mediate cell-to-cell communication. Bioactive substances such as DNA, RNA, lipids, and proteins are present in it, and they play an essential role in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). The role of RNA and protein in exosomes has been extensively studied. Exosome DNA has recently attracted the attention of a great deal of scientists. According to studies, exosome DNA mainly contains genomic DNA (gDNA) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), of which exosome gDNA is widely used in liquid biopsy of CRC. It includes a variety of clinically relevant tumor-specific mutation genes. In addition to liquid biopsy, researchers find that exosome gDNA regulates immune and metabolic functions in CRC, making it an important research object. However, the primary research on exosome gDNA is still limited. Here, we describe the occurrence and composition of exosomes. Summarize the essential characteristics and mode of action of exosome gDNA. Remarkably, this paper constitutes a comprehensive summary on the role of exosome gDNA on CRC with the intent of providing a theoretical basis and reference for early diagnosis and clinical treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshuai Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qiushi Wang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Health Commission of China, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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27
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Olivera-Salazar R, García-Arranz M, Sánchez A, Olmedillas-López S, Vega-Clemente L, Serrano LJ, Herrera B, García-Olmo D. Oncological transformation in vitro of hepatic progenitor cell lines isolated from adult mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3149. [PMID: 35210455 PMCID: PMC8873244 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06427-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer cells can transfer the oncogene KRAS to distant cells, predisposing them to malignant transformation (Genometastasis Theory). This process could contribute to liver metastasis; besides, hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) have been found to be involved in liver malignant neoplasms. The objective of this study is to determine if mouse HPCs—Oval cells (OCs)—are susceptible to incorporate Kras GAT (G12D) mutation from mouse colorectal cancer cell line CT26.WT and if OCs with the incorporated mutation behave like malignant cells. To achieve this, three lines of OCs in different conditions were exposed to CT26.WT cells through transwell co-culture for a week. The presence of KrasG12D and capacity to form tumors were analyzed in treated samples by droplet digital PCR and colony-forming assays, respectively. The results showed that the KrasG12D mutation was detected in hepatic culture conditions of undifferentiated OCs and these cells were capable of forming tumors in vitro. Therefore, OCs are susceptible to malignant transformation by horizontal transfer of DNA with KrasG12D mutation in an undifferentiated condition associated with the liver microenvironment. This study contributes to a new step in the understanding of the colorectal metastatic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Olivera-Salazar
- New Therapies Laboratory, Health Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (IIS-FJD), Avda. Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mariano García-Arranz
- New Therapies Laboratory, Health Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (IIS-FJD), Avda. Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aránzazu Sánchez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Plaza de Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Olmedillas-López
- New Therapies Laboratory, Health Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (IIS-FJD), Avda. Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luz Vega-Clemente
- New Therapies Laboratory, Health Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (IIS-FJD), Avda. Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Javier Serrano
- New Therapies Laboratory, Health Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (IIS-FJD), Avda. Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Herrera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Plaza de Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Damián García-Olmo
- New Therapies Laboratory, Health Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (IIS-FJD), Avda. Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Surgery, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (FJD), Avda. Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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28
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Alekseeva L, Mironova N. Role of Cell-Free DNA and Deoxyribonucleases in Tumor Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12246. [PMID: 34830126 PMCID: PMC8625144 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have reported an increase in the level of circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in the blood of patients with cancer. cfDNA mainly comes from tumor cells and, therefore, carries features of its genomic profile. Moreover, tumor-derived cfDNA can act like oncoviruses, entering the cells of vulnerable organs, transforming them and forming metastatic nodes. Another source of cfDNA is immune cells, including neutrophils that generate neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Despite the potential eliminative effect of NETs on tumors, in some cases, their excessive generation provokes tumor growth as well as invasion. Considering both possible pathological contributions of cfDNA, as an agent of oncotransformation and the main component of NETs, the study of deoxyribonucleases (DNases) as anticancer and antimetastatic agents is important and promising. This review considers the pathological role of cfDNA in cancer development and the role of DNases as agents to prevent and/or prohibit tumor progression and the development of metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nadezhda Mironova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, SB RAS, Lavrentiev Ave., 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;
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29
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Human Recombinant DNase I (Pulmozyme ®) Inhibits Lung Metastases in Murine Metastatic B16 Melanoma Model That Correlates with Restoration of the DNase Activity and the Decrease SINE/LINE and c-Myc Fragments in Blood Cell-Free DNA. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222112074. [PMID: 34769514 PMCID: PMC8585023 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222112074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated cell-free DNAs (cfDNA) play an important role in the promotion of metastases. Previous studies proved the high antimetastatic potential of bovine pancreatic DNase I and identified short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs) and long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs)and fragments of oncogenes in cfDNA as the main molecular targets of enzyme in the bloodstream. Here, recombinant human DNase I (commercial name Pulmozyme®), which is used for the treatment of cystic fibrosis in humans, was repurposed for the inhibition of lung metastases in the B16 melanoma model in mice. We found that Pulmozyme® strongly reduced migration and induced apoptosis of B16 cells in vitro and effectively inhibited metastases in lungs and liver in vivo. Pulmozyme® was shown to be two times more effective when administered intranasally (i.n.) than bovine DNase I, but intramuscular (i.m.) administration forced it to exhibit as high an antimetastatic activity as bovine DNase I. Both DNases administered to mice either i.m. or i.n. enhanced the DNase activity of blood serum to the level of healthy animals, significantly decreased cfDNA concentrations, efficiently degraded SINE and LINE repeats and c-Myc fragments in the bloodstream and induced apoptosis and disintegration of neutrophil extracellular traps in metastatic foci; as a result, this manifested as the inhibition of metastases spread. Thus, Pulmozyme®, which is already an approved drug, can be recommended for use in the treatment of lung metastases.
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30
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Hybrid Formation and Fusion of Cancer Cells In Vitro and In Vivo. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13174496. [PMID: 34503305 PMCID: PMC8431460 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cell fusion as a fundamental biological process is required for various physiological processes, including fertilization, placentation, myogenesis, osteoclastogenesis, and wound healing/tissue regeneration. However, cell fusion is also observed during pathophysiological processes like tumor development. Mesenchymal stroma/stem-like cells (MSC) which play an important role within the tumor microenvironment like other cell types such as macrophages can closely interact and hybridize with cancer cells. The formation of cancer hybrid cells can involve various different mechanisms whereby the genomic parts of the hybrid cells require rearrangement to form a new functional hybrid cell. The fusion of cancer cells with neighboring cell types may represent an important mechanism during tumor development since cancer hybrid cells are detectable in various tumor tissues. During this rare event with resulting genomic instability the cancer hybrid cells undergo a post-hybrid selection process (PHSP) to reorganize chromosomes of the two parental nuclei whereby the majority of the hybrid population undergoes cell death. The remaining cancer hybrid cells survive by displaying altered properties within the tumor tissue. Abstract The generation of cancer hybrid cells by intra-tumoral cell fusion opens new avenues for tumor plasticity to develop cancer stem cells with altered properties, to escape from immune surveillance, to change metastatic behavior, and to broaden drug responsiveness/resistance. Genomic instability and chromosomal rearrangements in bi- or multinucleated aneuploid cancer hybrid cells contribute to these new functions. However, the significance of cell fusion in tumorigenesis is controversial with respect to the low frequency of cancer cell fusion events and a clonal advantage of surviving cancer hybrid cells following a post-hybrid selection process. This review highlights alternative processes of cancer hybrid cell development such as entosis, emperipolesis, cannibalism, therapy-induced polyploidization/endoreduplication, horizontal or lateral gene transfer, and focusses on the predominant mechanisms of cell fusion. Based upon new properties of cancer hybrid cells the arising clinical consequences of the subsequent tumor heterogeneity after cancer cell fusion represent a major therapeutic challenge.
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31
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Abdouh M, Tabah R, Arena V, Arena M, Gao ZH, Lorico A, Arena GO. Oncosuppressor-Mutated Cell-Based Diagnostic Platform for Liquid Biopsy Diagnoses Benign Head and Neck Masses and Predicts Malignancy in Thyroid Nodules: Results from a Consecutive Cohort of Patients. Eur Thyroid J 2021; 10:285-294. [PMID: 34395300 PMCID: PMC8314779 DOI: 10.1159/000516421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We reported that a novel oncosuppressor-mutated cell (OMC)-based platform has the potential for early cancer detection in healthy individuals and for identification of cancer patients at risk of developing metachronous metastases. OBJECTIVE Herein, we sought to determine the diagnostic accuracy of this novel OMC-based platform in a consecutive cohort of patients operated for suspicious head and neck masses. METHODS OMCs (BRCA1-deficient fibroblasts) were exposed to blood serum from patients with head and neck nodules before surgical removal. These cells were analyzed for their proliferation and survival. Treated OMCs were inoculated subcutaneously in NOD/SCID mice, and tumor growth was monitored over time. RESULTS OMCs exposed to serum from patients with malignant lesions displayed increased proliferation compared to those exposed to serum from patients with benign lesions. Only OMCs exposed to serum from patients diagnosed with malignant thyroid neoplasia generated a cancerous mass. The sensitivity of the test was 92%, with only 1 false negative out of 34 patients. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the cancerous masses were poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas with high proliferative index. CONCLUSIONS These data show that liquid biopsy combined with an OMC-based in vivo platform has the potential to diagnose benign head and neck masses and predict whether a thyroid nodule is malignant. These results strengthen the concept that OMCs can be used to detect circulating malignant factors in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Abdouh
- Cancer Research Program, McGill University Health Centre-Research Institute, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Roger Tabah
- Department of Surgery and Department of Oncology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Vincenzo Arena
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Santo Bambino Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | - Manuel Arena
- Fondazione Istituto G. Giglio Cefalù, Pisciotto, Italy
| | - Zu-hua Gao
- Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Centre-Research Institute, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Aurelio Lorico
- College of Medicine, Touro University Nevada, Henderson, Nevada, USA
- Istituto Oncologico del Mediterraneo, Viagrande, Italy
| | - Goffredo Orazio Arena
- Fondazione Istituto G. Giglio Cefalù, Pisciotto, Italy
- Istituto Oncologico del Mediterraneo, Viagrande, Italy
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, St. Mary Hospital, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- *Goffredo Orazio Arena,
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32
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Liu L, Chen X, Petinrin OO, Zhang W, Rahaman S, Tang ZR, Wong KC. Machine Learning Protocols in Early Cancer Detection Based on Liquid Biopsy: A Survey. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:638. [PMID: 34209249 PMCID: PMC8308091 DOI: 10.3390/life11070638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
With the advances of liquid biopsy technology, there is increasing evidence that body fluid such as blood, urine, and saliva could harbor the potential biomarkers associated with tumor origin. Traditional correlation analysis methods are no longer sufficient to capture the high-resolution complex relationships between biomarkers and cancer subtype heterogeneity. To address the challenge, researchers proposed machine learning techniques with liquid biopsy data to explore the essence of tumor origin together. In this survey, we review the machine learning protocols and provide corresponding code demos for the approaches mentioned. We discuss algorithmic principles and frameworks extensively developed to reveal cancer mechanisms and consider the future prospects in biomarker exploration and cancer diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjing Liu
- Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (L.L.); (X.C.); (O.O.P.); (W.Z.); (S.R.); (Z.-R.T.)
| | - Xingjian Chen
- Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (L.L.); (X.C.); (O.O.P.); (W.Z.); (S.R.); (Z.-R.T.)
| | - Olutomilayo Olayemi Petinrin
- Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (L.L.); (X.C.); (O.O.P.); (W.Z.); (S.R.); (Z.-R.T.)
| | - Weitong Zhang
- Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (L.L.); (X.C.); (O.O.P.); (W.Z.); (S.R.); (Z.-R.T.)
| | - Saifur Rahaman
- Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (L.L.); (X.C.); (O.O.P.); (W.Z.); (S.R.); (Z.-R.T.)
| | - Zhi-Ri Tang
- Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (L.L.); (X.C.); (O.O.P.); (W.Z.); (S.R.); (Z.-R.T.)
| | - Ka-Chun Wong
- Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (L.L.); (X.C.); (O.O.P.); (W.Z.); (S.R.); (Z.-R.T.)
- Hong Kong Institute for Data Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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33
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The Nexus of cfDNA and Nuclease Biology. Trends Genet 2021; 37:758-770. [PMID: 34006390 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2021.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is a widely used noninvasive biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis of multiple disease states. Emerging evidence suggests that cfDNA might not just be passive waste products of cell death but could have a physiological and pathological function in inflammation and autoimmunity. The balance of cfDNA generation and clearance may thus be vital in health and disease. In particular, plasma nuclease activity has been linked to multiple pathologies including cancer and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and associated with profound changes in the nonrandom fragmentation of cfDNA. Lastly, in this review, we explore the effects of DNA fragmentation factor B (DFFB), DNASE1L3, and DNASE1 on cfDNA levels and their fragmentomic profiles, and what these recent insights reveal about the biology of cfDNA.
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34
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Circulating tumor DNA in lung cancer: real-time monitoring of disease evolution and treatment response. Chin Med J (Engl) 2021; 133:2476-2485. [PMID: 32960843 PMCID: PMC7575184 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000001097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of all cancer-related deaths. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is released from apoptotic and necrotic tumor cells. Several sensitive techniques have been invented and adapted to quantify ctDNA genomic alterations. Applications of ctDNA in lung cancer include early diagnosis and detection, prognosis prediction, detecting mutations and structural alterations, minimal residual disease, tumor mutational burden, and tumor evolution tracking. Compared to surgical biopsy and radiographic imaging, the advantages of ctDNA are that it is a non-invasive procedure, allows real-time monitoring, and has relatively high sensitivity and specificity. Given the massive research on non-small cell lung cancer, attention should be paid to small cell lung cancer.
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35
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Fernández-Domínguez IJ, Manzo-Merino J, Taja-Chayeb L, Dueñas-González A, Pérez-Cárdenas E, Trejo-Becerril C. The role of extracellular DNA (exDNA) in cellular processes. Cancer Biol Ther 2021; 22:267-278. [PMID: 33858306 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2021.1890319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, extracellular DNA or circulating cell-free DNA is considered to be a molecule with clinical applications (diagnosis, prognosis, monitoring of treatment responses, or patient follow-up) in diverse pathologies, especially in cancer. Nevertheless, because of its molecular characteristics, it can have many other functions. This review focuses on the participation of extracellular DNA (exDNA) in fundamental processes such as cell signaling, coagulation, immunity, evolution through horizontal transfer of genetic information, and adaptive response to inflammatory processes. A deeper understanding of its role in each of these processes will allow development of better tools to monitor and control pathologies, as well as helping to generate new therapeutic options, beyond the applicability of DNA in liquid biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lucia Taja-Chayeb
- Division of Basic Research, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, México City
| | - Alfonso Dueñas-González
- Division of Basic Research, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, México City.,Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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36
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Valenti F, Falcone I, Ungania S, Desiderio F, Giacomini P, Bazzichetto C, Conciatori F, Gallo E, Cognetti F, Ciliberto G, Morrone A, Guerrisi A. Precision Medicine and Melanoma: Multi-Omics Approaches to Monitoring the Immunotherapy Response. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3837. [PMID: 33917181 PMCID: PMC8067863 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment and management of patients with metastatic melanoma have evolved considerably in the "era" of personalized medicine. Melanoma was one of the first solid tumors to benefit from immunotherapy; life expectancy for patients in advanced stage of disease has improved. However, many progresses have yet to be made considering the (still) high number of patients who do not respond to therapies or who suffer adverse events. In this scenario, precision medicine appears fundamental to direct the most appropriate treatment to the single patient and to guide towards treatment decisions. The recent multi-omics analyses (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, radiomics, etc.) and the technological evolution of data interpretation have allowed to identify and understand several processes underlying the biology of cancer; therefore, improving the tumor clinical management. Specifically, these approaches have identified new pharmacological targets and potential biomarkers used to predict the response or adverse events to treatments. In this review, we will analyze and describe the most important omics approaches, by evaluating the methodological aspects and progress in melanoma precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Valenti
- Oncogenomics and Epigenetics, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy; (F.V.); (P.G.)
| | - Italia Falcone
- Medical Oncology 1, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy; (I.F.); (C.B.); (F.C.); (F.C.)
| | - Sara Ungania
- Medical Physics and Expert Systems Laboratory, Department of Research and Advanced Technologies, IRCCS-Regina Elena Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy;
| | - Flora Desiderio
- Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging Unit, Department of Clinical and Dermatological Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy;
| | - Patrizio Giacomini
- Oncogenomics and Epigenetics, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy; (F.V.); (P.G.)
| | - Chiara Bazzichetto
- Medical Oncology 1, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy; (I.F.); (C.B.); (F.C.); (F.C.)
| | - Fabiana Conciatori
- Medical Oncology 1, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy; (I.F.); (C.B.); (F.C.); (F.C.)
| | - Enzo Gallo
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy;
| | - Francesco Cognetti
- Medical Oncology 1, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy; (I.F.); (C.B.); (F.C.); (F.C.)
| | - Gennaro Ciliberto
- Scientific Direction IRCSS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy;
| | - Aldo Morrone
- Scientific Direction, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy;
| | - Antonino Guerrisi
- Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging Unit, Department of Clinical and Dermatological Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy;
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Garcia-Gisbert N, Fernández-Ibarrondo L, Fernández-Rodríguez C, Gibert J, Andrade-Campos M, Arenillas L, Camacho L, Angona A, Longarón R, Salar A, Calvo X, Besses C, Bellosillo B. Circulating cell-free DNA improves the molecular characterisation of Ph-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms. Br J Haematol 2020; 192:300-309. [PMID: 32945548 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.17087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Genetic studies in patients with Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are essential to establish the correct diagnosis and to optimise their management. Recently, it has been demonstrated that it is possible to detect molecular alterations analysing cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in plasma samples, which is known as liquid biopsy. We have assessed the molecular profile of a cohort of 107 MPN patients [33 polycythaemia vera (PV), 56 essential thrombocythaemia (ET), 14 primary myelofibrosis (PMF) and 4 unclassifiable MPN] by next-generation sequencing (NGS) using cfDNA and paired granulocyte DNA. A high concentration of cfDNA in plasma was observed in patients with high molecular complexity, in MPL-mutated cases, and in PMF patients. Targeted sequencing of cfDNA showed a comparable mutational profile (100% accuracy) to the one obtained in granulocytic DNA and a strong correlation was observed between the variant allele frequency (VAF) of gene mutations in both DNA sources. The median VAF detected in cfDNA (29·0%; range: 0·95-91·73%) was significantly higher than the VAF detected in granulocytes (median 25·2%; range: 0·10-95·5%), especially for MPL mutations (44·3% vs. 22·5%). In conclusion, our data support the use of cfDNA as a fast, sensitive and accurate strategy for performing molecular characterisation of MPN patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nieves Garcia-Gisbert
- Group of Applied Clinical Research in Haematology, Cancer Research Program-IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lierni Fernández-Ibarrondo
- Group of Applied Clinical Research in Haematology, Cancer Research Program-IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Concepcion Fernández-Rodríguez
- Group of Applied Clinical Research in Haematology, Cancer Research Program-IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Pathology, Hospital del Mar-IMIM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Gibert
- Group of Applied Clinical Research in Haematology, Cancer Research Program-IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marcio Andrade-Campos
- Group of Applied Clinical Research in Haematology, Cancer Research Program-IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Haematology, Hospital del Mar-IMIM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leonor Arenillas
- Department of Pathology, Hospital del Mar-IMIM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Camacho
- Group of Applied Clinical Research in Haematology, Cancer Research Program-IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Pathology, Hospital del Mar-IMIM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Angona
- Group of Applied Clinical Research in Haematology, Cancer Research Program-IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Haematology, Hospital del Mar-IMIM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Longarón
- Group of Applied Clinical Research in Haematology, Cancer Research Program-IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Pathology, Hospital del Mar-IMIM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Salar
- Group of Applied Clinical Research in Haematology, Cancer Research Program-IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Haematology, Hospital del Mar-IMIM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Calvo
- Department of Pathology, Hospital del Mar-IMIM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Besses
- Group of Applied Clinical Research in Haematology, Cancer Research Program-IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Haematology, Hospital del Mar-IMIM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Bellosillo
- Group of Applied Clinical Research in Haematology, Cancer Research Program-IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Pathology, Hospital del Mar-IMIM, Barcelona, Spain
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38
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Hasan S. An Overview of Promising Biomarkers in Cancer Screening and Detection. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2020; 20:831-852. [PMID: 32838718 DOI: 10.2174/1568009620666200824102418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Applications of biomarkers have been proved in oncology screening, diagnosis, predicting response to treatment as well as monitoring the progress of the disease. Considering the crucial role played by them during different disease stages, it is extremely important to evaluate, validate, and assess them to incorporate them into routine clinical care. In this review, the role of few most promising and successfully used biomarkers in cancer detection, i.e. PD-L1, E-Cadherin, TP53, Exosomes, cfDNA, EGFR, mTOR with regard to their structure, mode of action, and reports signifying their pathological significance, are addressed. Also, an overview of some successfully used biomarkers for cancer medicine has been presented. The study also summarizes biomarker-driven personalized cancer therapy i.e., approved targets and indications, as per the US FDA. The review also highlights the increasingly prominent role of biomarkers in drug development at all stages, with particular reference to clinical trials. The increasing utility of biomarkers in clinical trials is clearly evident from the trend shown, wherein ~55 percent of all oncology clinical trials in 2019 were seen to involve biomarkers, as opposed to ~ 15 percent in 2001, which clearly proves the essence and applicability of biomarkers for synergizing clinical information with tumor progression. Still, there are significant challenges in the implementation of these possibilities with strong evidence in cost-- effective manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Hasan
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, India
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39
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Elzanowska J, Semira C, Costa-Silva B. DNA in extracellular vesicles: biological and clinical aspects. Mol Oncol 2020; 15:1701-1714. [PMID: 32767659 PMCID: PMC8169445 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of extracellular vesicles (EVs), especially in the liquid biopsy field, has rapidly evolved in recent years. However, most EV studies have focused on RNA or protein content and DNA in EVs (EV‐DNA) has largely been unnoticed. In this review, we compile current evidence regarding EV‐DNA and provide an extensive discussion on EV‐DNA biology. We look into EV‐DNA biogenesis and mechanisms of DNA loading into EVs, as well as describe the particularly significant function of DNA‐carrying EVs in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis, intracellular communication, and immune response modulation. We also examine the current role of EV‐DNA in the clinical setting, specifically in cancer, infections, pregnancy, and prenatal diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Elzanowska
- Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Christine Semira
- Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Bruno Costa-Silva
- Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
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40
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Thakral D, Das N, Basnal A, Gupta R. Cell-free DNA for genomic profiling and minimal residual disease monitoring in Myeloma- are we there yet? AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BLOOD RESEARCH 2020; 10:26-45. [PMID: 32685257 PMCID: PMC7364270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Multiple myeloma (MM), a plasma cell neoplasm, afflicts elder individuals accounting for 10% of hematologic malignancies. The MM plasma cells largely reside within the bone marrow niche and are accessible through an invasive bone marrow biopsy, which is challenging during serial monitoring of patients. In this setting, cell free DNA (cfDNA) may have a role to ascertain the molecular aberrations at diagnosis and in assessment of residual disease during therapy. The aim of this review was to explore the utility and current status of cfDNA in MM. METHOD PubMed was searched with terms including cell-free DNA, circulating-tumor DNA, Multiple Myeloma, diagnosis, genomic profiling, Minimal Residual Disease individually or in combination to shortlist the relevant studies. RESULT cfDNA serves as a non-invasive source of tumor-specific molecular biomarker, ctDNA that has immense potential in facilitating management of cancer patients. The mutation detection platforms for ctDNA include hybrid capture and ultra-deep sequencing. Hybrid capture allows full length gene sequencing for mutation and CNV detection. The disease progression can be monitored by profiling prognostic somatic copy number alterations by ultra-low pass whole genome sequencing of ctDNA cost-effectively. Evolution of both the laboratory protocols and bioinformatics tools may further improve the sensitivity of ctDNA detection for better disease management. Only a limited number of studies were available in MM exploring the potential utility of cfDNA. CONCLUSION In this review, we discuss the nuances and challenges associated with molecular evaluation of cfDNA and its potential role in diagnosis and monitoring of treatment response in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepshi Thakral
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr BR Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi, India
| | - Nupur Das
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr BR Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi, India
| | - Atul Basnal
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr BR Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi, India
| | - Ritu Gupta
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr BR Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi, India
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41
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Delmonico L, Alves G, Bines J. Cell free DNA biology and its involvement in breast carcinogenesis. Adv Clin Chem 2020; 97:171-223. [PMID: 32448434 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2019.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Liquid biopsy represents a procedure for minimally invasive analysis of non-solid tissue, blood and other body fluids. It comprises a set of analytes that includes circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and circulating free DNA (cfDNA), RNA, long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) and micro RNA (miRNA), as well as extracellular vesicles. These novel analytes represent an alternative tool to complement diagnosis and monitor and predict response to treatment of the tumoral process and may be used for other disease processes such viral and parasitic infection. This review focuses on the biologic and molecular characteristics of cfDNA in general and the molecular changes (mutational and epigenetic) proven useful in oncologic practice for diagnosis, monitoring and treatment of breast cancer specifically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Delmonico
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Gilda Alves
- Laboratório de Marcadores Circulantes, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José Bines
- Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA-HCIII), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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42
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Emamalipour M, Seidi K, Zununi Vahed S, Jahanban-Esfahlan A, Jaymand M, Majdi H, Amoozgar Z, Chitkushev LT, Javaheri T, Jahanban-Esfahlan R, Zare P. Horizontal Gene Transfer: From Evolutionary Flexibility to Disease Progression. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:229. [PMID: 32509768 PMCID: PMC7248198 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Flexibility in the exchange of genetic material takes place between different organisms of the same or different species. This phenomenon is known to play a key role in the genetic, physiological, and ecological performance of the host. Exchange of genetic materials can cause both beneficial and/or adverse biological consequences. Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) or lateral gene transfer (LGT) as a general mechanism leads to biodiversity and biological innovations in nature. HGT mediators are one of the genetic engineering tools used for selective introduction of desired changes in the genome for gene/cell therapy purposes. HGT, however, is crucial in development, emergence, and recurrence of various human-related diseases, such as cancer, genetic-, metabolic-, and neurodegenerative disorders and can negatively affect the therapeutic outcome by promoting resistant forms or disrupting the performance of genome editing toolkits. Because of the importance of HGT and its vital physio- and pathological roles, here the variety of HGT mechanisms are reviewed, ranging from extracellular vesicles (EVs) and nanotubes in prokaryotes to cell-free DNA and apoptotic bodies in eukaryotes. Next, we argue that HGT plays a role both in the development of useful features and in pathological states associated with emerging and recurrent forms of the disease. A better understanding of the different HGT mediators and their genome-altering effects/potentials may pave the way for the development of more effective therapeutic and diagnostic regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Emamalipour
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Khaled Seidi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | | | - Mehdi Jaymand
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hasan Majdi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zohreh Amoozgar
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - L T Chitkushev
- Department of Computer Science, Metropolitan College, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States.,Health Informatics Lab, Metropolitan College, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Tahereh Javaheri
- Health Informatics Lab, Metropolitan College, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Rana Jahanban-Esfahlan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Peyman Zare
- Faculty of Medicine, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Dioscuri Center of Chromatin Biology and Epigenomics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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43
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Abdouh M, Floris M, Gao ZH, Arena V, Arena M, Arena GO. Colorectal cancer-derived extracellular vesicles induce transformation of fibroblasts into colon carcinoma cells. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:257. [PMID: 31200749 PMCID: PMC6567673 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1248-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We reported that horizontal transfer of malignant traits to target cells is a potential pathway to explain cancer dissemination. Although these results were encouraging, they were never corroborated by data showing the molecular mechanisms responsible for the observed phenomenon. METHODS In the present study, we exposed BRCA1-KO fibroblasts to extracellular vesicles (EVs) isolated from a colon cancer cell line (HT29) and from sera of patients with colorectal cancer. Three weeks after exposure, fibroblasts were injected subcutaneously into NOD-SCID mice. Whole genome sequencing, transcriptome analysis and RNA sequencing of cancer EVs and fibroblasts prior and after exposure to cancer EVs were performed. RESULTS Phenotypical transformation of the fibroblasts into colon cancer cells was confirmed by histopathological study of the xenotransplants. We observed that EV-mediated transfer of cancer microRNAs was responsible for the transition from a mesenchymal to an epithelial phenotype (MET) in the treated fibroblasts as well as activation of cell cycle progression and cell survival pathways. DNA and RNA sequencing suggested that cancer DNA was transferred and possibly transcribed in target cells. Furthermore, injection of colon cancer EVs in the tail vein of NOD-SCID mice determined neoplastic transformation and metastases in the lungs of the mice confirming for the first time the hypothesis that transfer of malignant epithelial cancer traits to distant target cells is a concept applicable to in vivo models. CONCLUSIONS These discoveries shed new light into the molecular mechanisms behind the horizontal transfer of malignant traits and confirm the notion that metastatic disease might be reproduced through transfer of circulating genetic material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Abdouh
- Cancer Research Program, McGill University Health Centre-Research Institute, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, Quebec, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Matteo Floris
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Sassari University, Piazza Universita 11, Sassari, Italy
| | - Zu-Hua Gao
- Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Centre-Research Institute, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, Quebec, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Vincenzo Arena
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Santo Bambino Hospital, via Torre del Vescovo 4, Catania, Italy
| | - Manuel Arena
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Organ Transplantation and Advances Technologies, University of Catania, via Santa Sofia 84, Catania, Italy
| | - Goffredo Orazio Arena
- Cancer Research Program, McGill University Health Centre-Research Institute, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, Quebec, H4A 3J1, Canada. .,Department of Surgery, McGill University, St. Mary Hospital, 3830 Lacombe Avenue, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1M5, Canada.
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44
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Kustanovich A, Schwartz R, Peretz T, Grinshpun A. Life and death of circulating cell-free DNA. Cancer Biol Ther 2019; 20:1057-1067. [PMID: 30990132 PMCID: PMC6606043 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2019.1598759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-specific, circulating cell-free DNA in liquid biopsies is a promising source of biomarkers for minimally invasive serial monitoring of treatment responses in cancer management. We will review the current understanding of the origin of circulating cell-free DNA and different forms of DNA release (including various types of cell death and active secretion processes) and clearance routes. The dynamics of extracellular DNA in blood during therapy and the role of circulating DNA in pathophysiological processes (tumor-associated inflammation, NETosis, and pre-metastatic niche development) provide insights into the mechanisms that contribute to tumor development and metastases formation. Better knowledge of circulating tumor-specific cell-free DNA could facilitate the development of new therapeutic and diagnostic options for cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoli Kustanovich
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ruth Schwartz
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tamar Peretz
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Albert Grinshpun
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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45
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Bronkhorst AJ, Ungerer V, Holdenrieder S. The emerging role of cell-free DNA as a molecular marker for cancer management. BIOMOLECULAR DETECTION AND QUANTIFICATION 2019; 17:100087. [PMID: 30923679 PMCID: PMC6425120 DOI: 10.1016/j.bdq.2019.100087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 318] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
An increasing number of studies demonstrate the potential use of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) as a surrogate marker for multiple indications in cancer, including diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring. However, harnessing the full potential of cfDNA requires (i) the optimization and standardization of preanalytical steps, (ii) refinement of current analysis strategies, and, perhaps most importantly, (iii) significant improvements in our understanding of its origin, physical properties, and dynamics in circulation. The latter knowledge is crucial for interpreting the associations between changes in the baseline characteristics of cfDNA and the clinical manifestations of cancer. In this review we explore recent advancements and highlight the current gaps in our knowledge concerning each point of contact between cfDNA analysis and the different stages of cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stefan Holdenrieder
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine, German Heart Centre, Technical University Munich, Lazarettstraße. 36, D-80636, Munich, Germany
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46
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Alimirzaie S, Bagherzadeh M, Akbari MR. Liquid biopsy in breast cancer: A comprehensive review. Clin Genet 2019; 95:643-660. [PMID: 30671931 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide. Due to its complexity in nature, effective breast cancer treatment can encounter many challenges. Traditional methods of cancer detection such as tissue biopsy are not comprehensive enough to capture the entire genomic landscape of breast tumors. However, with the introduction of novel techniques, the application of liquid biopsy has been enhanced, enabling the improvement of various aspects of breast cancer management including early diagnosis and screening, prediction of prognosis, early detection of relapse, serial sampling and efficient longitudinal monitoring of disease progress and response to treatment. Various components of tumor cells released into the blood circulation can be analyzed in liquid biopsy sampling, some of which include circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), cell-free RNA, tumor-educated platelets and exosomes. These components can be utilized for different purposes. As an example, ctDNA can be sequenced for genetic profiling of the tumors to enhance individualized treatment and longitudinal screening. CTC plasma count analysis or ctDNA detection after curative tumor resection surgery could facilitate early detection of minimal residual disease, aiding in the initiation of adjuvant therapy to prevent recurrence. Furthermore, CTC plasma count can be assessed to determine the stage and prognosis of breast cancer. In this review, we discuss the advantages and limitations of the various components of liquid biopsy used in breast cancer diagnosis and will expand on aspects that require further focus in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Alimirzaie
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Faculty of Arts and Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maryam Bagherzadeh
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohammad R Akbari
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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47
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Oncosuppressor-Mutated Cells as a Liquid Biopsy Test for Cancer-Screening. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2384. [PMID: 30787346 PMCID: PMC6382857 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38736-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We reported on the ability of immortalized or oncosuppressor-mutated cells (OMCs) to uptake circulating cancer-factors and give tumors when transplanted into mice. This led to the first biological based liquid biopsy test, which we called MATER-D platform. In the present study, we showed for the first time that a different type of OMCs (PTEN-deficient human epithelial MCF10A cells) turn malignant when exposed to cancer patient’s sera, confirming the concept that different cells with diverse oncosuppressor mutations can uptake cancer factors and be used in biological based liquid biopsy tests. Our observations were confirmed in a large variety of solid and haematological malignancies. This test was able to detect dysplasia and carcinomas in situ lesions in different organs and circulating factors in cancer patients years after the removal of their lesions. To our knowledge, this ability is unique and not shared by other liquid biopsy platforms. Immunohistochemistry analysis of the xenotransplants revealed identical patterns of differentiation regardless of the cancer type, showing that differentiation through horizontal transfer might be dependent on the nature of the target cells rather than the type of cancer factors. These data strengthen the notion that OMC-based liquid biopsy tests might be promising platforms for cancer screening.
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48
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Liu Z, Wang Z, Jia E, Ouyang T, Pan M, Lu J, Ge Q, Bai Y. Analysis of genome-wide in cell free DNA methylation: progress and prospect. Analyst 2019; 144:5912-5922. [DOI: 10.1039/c9an00935c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we focus on the detection methods of cfDNA methylation based on NGS and the latest progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Zexin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Erteng Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Tinglan Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Min Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Jiafeng Lu
- Center of Reproduction and Genetics
- Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
- Suzhou Municipal Hospital
- Suzhou 215002
- China
| | - Qinyu Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Yunfei Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing
- China
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49
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Golonka RM, Yeoh BS, Petrick JL, Weinstein SJ, Albanes D, Gewirtz AT, McGlynn KA, Vijay-Kumar M. Deoxyribonuclease I Activity, Cell-Free DNA, and Risk of Liver Cancer in a Prospective Cohort. JNCI Cancer Spectr 2018; 2:pky083. [PMID: 30815627 PMCID: PMC6383694 DOI: 10.1093/jncics/pky083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is a proposed latent biomarker for several cancers, including liver cancer. Deoxyribonucleases (DNases) facilitate the timely and efficient degradation of cfDNA, leading us to hypothesize that DNase I and/or II might be a more sensitive early biomarker than cfDNA. To test this hypothesis, a study was conducted in a large, prospective cohort. METHODS A nested case-control study (224 liver cancer case patients and 224 matched control subjects) was conducted in a cohort of Finnish male smokers, followed from baseline (1985-1988) to 2014. The associations among DNase I activity, cfDNA, and the risk of liver cancer were assessed using multivariable-adjusted conditional logistic regression. RESULTS DNase I activity, whether measured as radius (mm) or as units per milliliter, was statistically significantly associated with increased risk of liver cancer (P trend <.01). DNase I activity in the highest quartile was associated with a greater than threefold risk of developing liver cancer (DNase I activity radius >2.7 mm, hazard ratio [HR] = 3.03, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.59 to 5.77; DNase I activity >2.72 units/mL, HR = 3.30, 95% CI = 1.64 to 6.65). The strength of this association was not substantially altered by exclusion of cases diagnosed within the first five years of follow-up or those with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. In contrast, cfDNA and DNase II was not statistically significantly associated with risk of liver cancer. CONCLUSIONS DNase I activity was a superior latent biomarker of liver cancer than cfDNA. These findings advance the goal of developing a means to detect liver cancer years well before the development of clinical manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Matam Vijay-Kumar
- Correspondence to: Matam Vijay-Kumar, PhD, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614 (e-mail: )
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Grölz D, Hauch S, Schlumpberger M, Guenther K, Voss T, Sprenger-Haussels M, Oelmüller U. Liquid Biopsy Preservation Solutions for Standardized Pre-Analytical Workflows-Venous Whole Blood and Plasma. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2018; 6:275-286. [PMID: 30595972 PMCID: PMC6290703 DOI: 10.1007/s40139-018-0180-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Liquid biopsy analyses based on circulating cell-free nucleic acids, circulating tumor cells or other diseased cells from organs, and exosomes or other microvesicles in blood offer new means for non-invasive diagnostic applications. The main goal of this review is to explain the importance of preserving whole blood specimens after blood draw for use as liquid biopsies, and to summarize preservation solutions that are currently available. RECENT FINDINGS Despite the great potential of liquid biopsies for diagnostics and disease management, besides non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT), only a few liquid biopsy applications are fully implemented for routine in vitro diagnostic testing. One major barrier is the lack of standardized pre-analytical workflows, including the collection of consistent quality blood specimens and the generation of good-quality plasma samples therefrom. Broader use of liquid biopsies in clinical routine applications therefore requires improved pre-analytical procedures to enable high-quality specimens to obtain unbiased analyte profiles (DNA, RNA, proteins, etc.) as they are in the patient's body. SUMMARY A growing number of stabilizing reagents and dedicated blood collection tubes are available for the post-collection preservation of circulating cell-free DNA (ccfDNA) profiles in whole blood. In contrast, solutions for the preservation of circulating tumor cells (CTC) that enable both, enumeration and molecular analyses are rare. Solutions for extracellular vesicle (EV) populations, including exosomes, do not yet exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Grölz
- QIAGEN GmbH, Research & Development, QIAGEN Strasse 1, 40724 Hilden, Germany
| | - Siegfried Hauch
- QIAGEN GmbH, Research & Development, QIAGEN Strasse 1, 40724 Hilden, Germany
| | | | - Kalle Guenther
- QIAGEN GmbH, Research & Development, QIAGEN Strasse 1, 40724 Hilden, Germany
| | - Thorsten Voss
- QIAGEN GmbH, Research & Development, QIAGEN Strasse 1, 40724 Hilden, Germany
| | | | - Uwe Oelmüller
- QIAGEN GmbH, Research & Development, QIAGEN Strasse 1, 40724 Hilden, Germany
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