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Tihelka E, Cai C, Giacomelli M, Pisani D, Donoghue PCJ. Integrated phylogenomic and fossil evidence of stick and leaf insects (Phasmatodea) reveal a Permian-Triassic co-origination with insectivores. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2020; 7:201689. [PMID: 33391817 PMCID: PMC7735357 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.201689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Stick and leaf insects (Phasmatodea) are a distinctive insect order whose members are characterized by mimicking various plant tissues such as twigs, foliage and bark. Unfortunately, the phylogenetic relationships among phasmatodean subfamilies and the timescale of their evolution remain uncertain. Recent molecular clock analyses have suggested a Cretaceous-Palaeogene origin of crown Phasmatodea and a subsequent Cenozoic radiation, contrasting with fossil evidence. Here, we analysed transcriptomic data from a broad diversity of phasmatodeans and, combined with the assembly of a new suite of fossil calibrations, we elucidate the evolutionary history of stick and leaf insects. Our results differ from recent studies in the position of the leaf insects (Phylliinae), which are recovered as sister to a clade comprising Clitumninae, Lancerocercata, Lonchodinae, Necrosciinae and Xenophasmina. We recover a Permian to Triassic origin of crown Phasmatodea coinciding with the radiation of early insectivorous parareptiles, amphibians and synapsids. Aschiphasmatinae and Neophasmatodea diverged in the Jurassic-Early Cretaceous. A second spur in origination occurred in the Late Cretaceous, coinciding with the Cretaceous Terrestrial Revolution, and was probably driven by visual predators such as stem birds (Enantiornithes) and the radiation of angiosperms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Tihelka
- School of Earth Sciences, Life Sciences Building, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Chenyang Cai
- School of Earth Sciences, Life Sciences Building, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
- State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, and Centre for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Mattia Giacomelli
- School of Earth Sciences, Life Sciences Building, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Davide Pisani
- School of Earth Sciences, Life Sciences Building, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Philip C. J. Donoghue
- School of Earth Sciences, Life Sciences Building, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
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2
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Molecular Phylogeny and Infraordinal Classification of Zoraptera (Insecta). INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11010051. [PMID: 31940956 PMCID: PMC7023341 DOI: 10.3390/insects11010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Zoraptera is a small and predominantly tropical insect order with an unresolved higher classification due to the extremely uniform external body morphology. We, therefore, conducted a multigene molecular phylogeny of extant Zoraptera and critically re-evaluated their morphological characters in order to propose a natural infraordinal classification. We recovered a highly-resolved phylogeny with two main clades representing major evolutionary lineages in Zoraptera, for which we propose family ranks. The two families exhibit striking differences in male genitalia and reproductive strategies. Each family contains two subclades (subfamilies) supported by several morphological synapomorphies including the relative lengths of the basal antennomeres, the number and position of metatibial spurs, and the structure of male genitalia. The newly proposed higher classification of Zoraptera includes the family Zorotypidae stat. revid. with Zorotypinae Silvestri, 1913 (Zorotypus stat. revid., Usazoros Kukalova-Peck and Peck, 1993 stat. restit.) and Spermozorinae subfam. nov. (Spermozoros gen. nov.), and Spriralizoridae fam. nov. with Spiralizorinae subfam. nov. (Spiralizoros gen. nov., Scapulizoros gen. nov., Cordezoros gen. nov., Centrozoros Kukalova-Peck and Peck, 1993, stat. restit., Brazilozoros Kukalova-Peck and Peck, 1993, stat. restit.), and Latinozorinae subfam. nov. (Latinozoros Kukalova-Peck and Peck, 1993, stat. restit.). An identification key and morphological diagnoses for all supraspecific taxa are provided.
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3
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Promrangsee C, Khositharattanakool P, Somwang P, Sunantaraporn S, Phumee A, Preativatanyou K, Tawatsin A, Brownell N, Siriyasatien P. The Prevalence of Bartonella Bacteria in Cattle Lice Collected from Three Provinces of Thailand. INSECTS 2019; 10:insects10060152. [PMID: 31142009 PMCID: PMC6628184 DOI: 10.3390/insects10060152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cattle lice are obligatory blood-sucking parasites, which is the cause of animal health problems worldwide. Recently, several studies have revealed that pathogenic bacteria could be found in cattle lice, and it can act as a potential vector for transmitting louse-borne diseases. However, the cattle lice and their pathogenic bacteria in Thailand have never been evaluated. In the present study, we aim to determine the presence of bacterial pathogens in cattle lice collected from three localities of Thailand. Total genomic DNA was extracted from 109 cattle louse samples and the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) of 18S rRNA was developed to identify the cattle louse. Moreover, PCR was used for screening Bartonella spp., Acinetobacter spp., and Rickettsia spp. in cattle louse samples. The positive PCR products were cloned and sequenced. The phylogenetic tree based on the partial 18S rRNA sequences demonstrated that cattle lice species in this study are classified into two groups according to reference sequences; Haematopinus quadripertusus and Haematopinus spp. closely related to H. tuberculatus. The pathogen detection revealed that Bartonella spp. DNA of gltA and rpoB were detected in 25 of 109 samples (22.93%) both egg and adult stages, whereas Acinetobacter spp. and Rickettsia spp. were not detected in all cattle lice DNA samples. The gltA and rpoB sequences showed that the Bartonella spp. DNA was found in both H. quadripertusus and Haematopinus spp. closely related to H. tuberculatus. This study is the first report of the Bartonella spp. detected in cattle lice from Thailand. The finding obtained from this study could be used to determine whether the cattle lice can serve as a potential vector to transmit these pathogenic bacteria among cattle and may affect animal to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chulaluk Promrangsee
- Medical Parasitology Program, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | | | - Puckavadee Somwang
- School of Medicine, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand.
| | - Sakone Sunantaraporn
- Medical Science Program, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Atchara Phumee
- Vector Biology and Vector Borne Disease Research Unit, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
- Thai Red Cross Emerging Infectious Diseases-Health Science Centre, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Research and Training on Viral Zoonoses, Chulalongkorn Hospital, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Kanok Preativatanyou
- Vector Biology and Vector Borne Disease Research Unit, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Apiwat Tawatsin
- Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, National Institute of Health, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand.
| | - Narisa Brownell
- Vector Biology and Vector Borne Disease Research Unit, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Padet Siriyasatien
- Vector Biology and Vector Borne Disease Research Unit, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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Wu YZ, Rédei D, Eger J, Wang YH, Wu HY, Carapezza A, Kment P, Cai B, Sun XY, Guo PL, Luo JY, Xie Q. Phylogeny and the colourful history of jewel bugs (Insecta: Hemiptera: Scutelleridae). Cladistics 2017; 34:502-516. [DOI: 10.1111/cla.12224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Zhuo Wu
- Institute of Entomology; College of Life Sciences; Nankai University; 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Dávid Rédei
- Institute of Entomology; College of Life Sciences; Nankai University; 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Joseph Eger
- Dow AgroSciences; LLC; 2606 S. Dundee Street Tampa FL 32629 USA
| | - Yan-Hui Wang
- Institute of Entomology; College of Life Sciences; Nankai University; 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District Tianjin 300071 China
- Department of Ecology and Evolution; College of Life Sciences; Sun Yat-sen University; No. 135 Xingangxi Road Guangzhou 510275 Guangdong China
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol; Sun Yat-sen University; 135 Xingangxi Road Guangzhou 510275 Guangdong China
| | - Hao-Yang Wu
- Institute of Entomology; College of Life Sciences; Nankai University; 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District Tianjin 300071 China
- Department of Ecology and Evolution; College of Life Sciences; Sun Yat-sen University; No. 135 Xingangxi Road Guangzhou 510275 Guangdong China
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol; Sun Yat-sen University; 135 Xingangxi Road Guangzhou 510275 Guangdong China
| | - Attilio Carapezza
- University of Palermo; Via Sandro Botticelli, 15 I-90144 Palermo Italy
| | - Petr Kment
- Department of Entomology; National Museum; Cirkusová 1740 CZ-193 00 Praha 9 Czech Republic
| | - Bo Cai
- Hainan Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau; 9 West Haixiu Road Haikou Hainan 570311 China
| | - Xiao-Ya Sun
- Institute of Entomology; College of Life Sciences; Nankai University; 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Peng-Lei Guo
- Institute of Entomology; College of Life Sciences; Nankai University; 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Jiu-Yang Luo
- Institute of Entomology; College of Life Sciences; Nankai University; 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Qiang Xie
- Department of Ecology and Evolution; College of Life Sciences; Sun Yat-sen University; No. 135 Xingangxi Road Guangzhou 510275 Guangdong China
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5
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Dallai R, Mercati D, Mashimo Y, Machida R, Beutel RG. The morphology and ultrastructure of salivary glands of Zoraptera (Insecta). ARTHROPOD STRUCTURE & DEVELOPMENT 2017; 46:508-517. [PMID: 28189833 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The salivary glands of two species of Zoraptera, Zorotypus caudelli and Zorotypus hubbardi, were examined and documented mainly using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results obtained for males and females of the two species are compared and functional aspects related to ultrastructural features are discussed. The salivary glands are divided into two regions: the secretory cell region and the long efferent duct, the latter with its distal end opening in the salivarium below the hypopharyngeal base. The secretory region consists of a complex of secretory cells provided with microvillated cavities connected by short ectodermal ducts to large ones, which are connected with the long efferent duct. The secretory cell cytoplasm contains a large system of rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus producing numerous dense secretions. The cells of the efferent duct, characterized by reduced cytoplasm and the presence of long membrane infoldings associated with mitochondria, are possibly involved in fluid uptaking from the duct lumen.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Dallai
- Department of Life Sciences, Via A. Moro 2, University of Siena, I-53100, Siena, Italy.
| | - D Mercati
- Department of Life Sciences, Via A. Moro 2, University of Siena, I-53100, Siena, Italy.
| | - Y Mashimo
- Graduate School of Symbiotic Systems Science and Technology, Fukushima University, Kanayagawa 1, Fukushima, 960-1296, Japan.
| | - R Machida
- Sugadaira Montane Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Nagano, 386-2204, Japan.
| | - R G Beutel
- Institut für Spezielle Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie, FSU Jena, Erbertstraße 1, 07743, Jena, Germany.
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6
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Wang YH, Engel MS, Rafael JA, Wu HY, Rédei D, Xie Q, Wang G, Liu XG, Bu WJ. Fossil record of stem groups employed in evaluating the chronogram of insects (Arthropoda: Hexapoda). Sci Rep 2016; 6:38939. [PMID: 27958352 PMCID: PMC5154178 DOI: 10.1038/srep38939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Insecta s. str. (=Ectognatha), comprise the largest and most diversified group of living organisms, accounting for roughly half of the biodiversity on Earth. Understanding insect relationships and the specific time intervals for their episodes of radiation and extinction are critical to any comprehensive perspective on evolutionary events. Although some deeper nodes have been resolved congruently, the complete evolution of insects has remained obscure due to the lack of direct fossil evidence. Besides, various evolutionary phases of insects and the corresponding driving forces of diversification remain to be recognized. In this study, a comprehensive sample of all insect orders was used to reconstruct their phylogenetic relationships and estimate deep divergences. The phylogenetic relationships of insect orders were congruently recovered by Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood analyses. A complete timescale of divergences based on an uncorrelated log-normal relaxed clock model was established among all lineages of winged insects. The inferred timescale for various nodes are congruent with major historical events including the increase of atmospheric oxygen in the Late Silurian and earliest Devonian, the radiation of vascular plants in the Devonian, and with the available fossil record of the stem groups to various insect lineages in the Devonian and Carboniferous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-hui Wang
- College of Computer and Control Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Haihe Education Park, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Michael S. Engel
- Division of Entomology, Natural History Museum, and Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, 1501 Crestline Drive – Suite 140, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
| | - José A. Rafael
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, INPA, Caixa Postal 478, 69011-970 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Hao-yang Wu
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Dávid Rédei
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Qiang Xie
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Gang Wang
- College of Computer and Control Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Haihe Education Park, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xiao-guang Liu
- College of Computer and Control Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Haihe Education Park, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Wen-jun Bu
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300071, China
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7
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Song N, Li H, Song F, Cai W. Molecular phylogeny of Polyneoptera (Insecta) inferred from expanded mitogenomic data. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36175. [PMID: 27782189 PMCID: PMC5080581 DOI: 10.1038/srep36175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The Polyneoptera represents one of the earliest insect radiations, comprising the majority of hemimetabolous orders, in which many species have great economic importance. Here, we sequenced eleven mitochondrial genomes of the polyneopteran insects by using high throughput pooled sequencing technology, and presented a phylogenetic reconstruction for this group based on expanded mitochondrial genome data. Our analyses included 189 taxa, of which 139 species represent all the major polyneopteran lineages. Multiple results support the monophyly of Polyneoptera, the monophyly of Dictyoptera, and the monophyly of Orthoptera. Sister taxon relationships Plecoptera + Dermaptera, and Zoraptera + Embioptera are also supported by most analyses. Within Dictyoptera, the Blattodea is consistently retrieved as paraphyly due to the sister group relationship of Cryptocercus with Isoptera. In addition, the results demonstrate that model selection, data treatment, and outgroup choice can have significant effects on the reconstructed phylogenetic relationships of Polyneoptera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Song
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hu Li
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Song
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wanzhi Cai
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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8
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Dallai R, Mercati D, Mashimo Y, Machida R, Beutel RG. The fine structure of the rectal pads of Zorotypus caudelli Karny (Zoraptera, Insecta). ARTHROPOD STRUCTURE & DEVELOPMENT 2016; 45:380-388. [PMID: 27368527 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The rectal pads of a species of the controversial polyneopteran order Zoraptera were examined using histological sections and TEM micrographs. Six pads are present along the thin rectal epithelium. Each pad consists of a few large principal cells surrounded by flattened junctional cells, which extend also beneath the principal cells. The cells are lined by a thin apical cuticle. No basal cells and no cavity have been observed beneath the pad. Principal cells have a regular layer of apical microvilli and are joined by intercellular septate junctions, which are interrupted by short dilatations of the intercellular space. At these levels the two adjacent plasma membranes are joined by short zonulae adhaerentes. In the cytoplasm, a rich system of strict associations between lateral plasma membranes and mitochondria forms scalariform junctions. Rectal pads share ultrastructural features with similar excretory organs of several neopteran groups, in particular with Blattodea (roaches and termites) and Thysanoptera, and are involved in fluid reabsorption and ion regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Dallai
- Department of Life Sciences, Via A. Moro 2, University of Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - D Mercati
- Department of Life Sciences, Via A. Moro 2, University of Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Y Mashimo
- Sugadaira Montane Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Nagano 386-2204, Japan
| | - R Machida
- Sugadaira Montane Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Nagano 386-2204, Japan
| | - R G Beutel
- Institut für Spezielle Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie, FSU Jena, Erbertstraße 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
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9
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Wu YZ, Yu SS, Wang YH, Wu HY, Li XR, Men XY, Zhang YW, Rédei D, Xie Q, Bu WJ. The evolutionary position of Lestoniidae revealed by molecular autapomorphies in the secondary structure of rRNA besides phylogenetic reconstruction (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Zool J Linn Soc 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Zhuo Wu
- Institute of Entomology; College of Life Sciences; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Sha-Sha Yu
- Institute of Entomology; College of Life Sciences; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Yan-Hui Wang
- Institute of Entomology; College of Life Sciences; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Hao-Yang Wu
- Institute of Entomology; College of Life Sciences; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Xiu-Rong Li
- Institute of Entomology; College of Life Sciences; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Xin-Yu Men
- Institute of Entomology; College of Life Sciences; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Yi-Wei Zhang
- Institute of Entomology; College of Life Sciences; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Dávid Rédei
- Institute of Entomology; College of Life Sciences; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Qiang Xie
- Institute of Entomology; College of Life Sciences; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Wen-Jun Bu
- Institute of Entomology; College of Life Sciences; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
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10
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Wang ZH, Zhao YE, Xu Y, Hu L, Chen YM. Secondary structure of expansion segment D1 in LSU rDNA from Arachnida and its phylogenetic application in Eriophyoid mites and in Acari. Exp Parasitol 2015; 159:183-206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2015.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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11
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Wang Y, Cui Y, Rédei D, Baňař P, Xie Q, Štys P, Damgaard J, Chen P, Yi W, Wang Y, Dang K, Li C, Bu W. Phylogenetic divergences of the true bugs (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera), with emphasis on the aquatic lineages: the last piece of the aquatic insect jigsaw originated in the Late Permian/Early Triassic. Cladistics 2015; 32:390-405. [DOI: 10.1111/cla.12137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yan‐hui Wang
- Institute of Entomology College of Life Sciences Nankai University 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Ying Cui
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin 300193 China
| | - Dávid Rédei
- Institute of Entomology College of Life Sciences Nankai University 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Petr Baňař
- Department of Entomology Moravian Museum Hviezdoslavova 29 CZ‐627 00 Czech Republic
| | - Qiang Xie
- Institute of Entomology College of Life Sciences Nankai University 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Pavel Štys
- Faculty of Science Department of Zoology Charles University in Prague Viničná 7 CZ‐128 44 Praha 2 Czech Republic
| | - Jakob Damgaard
- Natural History Museum of Denmark Universitetsparken 15 2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - Ping‐ping Chen
- Netherlands Centre of Biodiversity Naturalis 2300 RA Leiden Netherlands
| | - Wen‐bo Yi
- Institute of Entomology College of Life Sciences Nankai University 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute of Entomology College of Life Sciences Nankai University 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Kai Dang
- Institute of Entomology College of Life Sciences Nankai University 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Chuan‐ren Li
- College of Agriculture Yangtze University Jingzhou Hubei 434025 China
| | - Wen‐jun Bu
- Institute of Entomology College of Life Sciences Nankai University 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District Tianjin 300071 China
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12
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Legendre F, Nel A, Svenson GJ, Robillard T, Pellens R, Grandcolas P. Phylogeny of Dictyoptera: Dating the Origin of Cockroaches, Praying Mantises and Termites with Molecular Data and Controlled Fossil Evidence. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130127. [PMID: 26200914 PMCID: PMC4511787 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the origin and diversification of organisms requires a good phylogenetic estimate of their age and diversification rates. This estimate can be difficult to obtain when samples are limited and fossil records are disputed, as in Dictyoptera. To choose among competing hypotheses of origin for dictyopteran suborders, we root a phylogenetic analysis (~800 taxa, 10 kbp) within a large selection of outgroups and calibrate datings with fossils attributed to lineages with clear synapomorphies. We find the following topology: (mantises, (other cockroaches, (Cryptocercidae, termites)). Our datings suggest that crown-Dictyoptera-and stem-mantises-would date back to the Late Carboniferous (~ 300 Mya), a result compatible with the oldest putative fossil of stem-dictyoptera. Crown-mantises, however, would be much more recent (~ 200 Mya; Triassic/Jurassic boundary). This pattern (i.e., old origin and more recent diversification) suggests a scenario of replacement in carnivory among polyneopterous insects. The most recent common ancestor of (cockroaches + termites) would date back to the Permian (~275 Mya), which contradicts the hypothesis of a Devonian origin of cockroaches. Stem-termites would date back to the Triassic/Jurassic boundary, which refutes a Triassic origin. We suggest directions in extant and extinct species sampling to sharpen this chronological framework and dictyopteran evolutionary studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Legendre
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB—UMR 7205 MNHN, CNRS, UPMC, EPHE, Sorbonne Universités, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Département Systématique et Evolution, Paris, France
| | - André Nel
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB—UMR 7205 MNHN, CNRS, UPMC, EPHE, Sorbonne Universités, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Département Systématique et Evolution, Paris, France
| | - Gavin J. Svenson
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Cleveland Museum of Natural History, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Tony Robillard
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB—UMR 7205 MNHN, CNRS, UPMC, EPHE, Sorbonne Universités, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Département Systématique et Evolution, Paris, France
| | - Roseli Pellens
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB—UMR 7205 MNHN, CNRS, UPMC, EPHE, Sorbonne Universités, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Département Systématique et Evolution, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Grandcolas
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB—UMR 7205 MNHN, CNRS, UPMC, EPHE, Sorbonne Universités, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Département Systématique et Evolution, Paris, France
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Li H, Shao R, Song N, Song F, Jiang P, Li Z, Cai W. Higher-level phylogeny of paraneopteran insects inferred from mitochondrial genome sequences. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8527. [PMID: 25704094 PMCID: PMC4336943 DOI: 10.1038/srep08527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial (mt) genome data have been proven to be informative for animal phylogenetic studies but may also suffer from systematic errors, due to the effects of accelerated substitution rate and compositional heterogeneity. We analyzed the mt genomes of 25 insect species from the four paraneopteran orders, aiming to better understand how accelerated substitution rate and compositional heterogeneity affect the inferences of the higher-level phylogeny of this diverse group of hemimetabolous insects. We found substantial heterogeneity in base composition and contrasting rates in nucleotide substitution among these paraneopteran insects, which complicate the inference of higher-level phylogeny. The phylogenies inferred with concatenated sequences of mt genes using maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods and homogeneous models failed to recover Psocodea and Hemiptera as monophyletic groups but grouped, instead, the taxa that had accelerated substitution rates together, including Sternorrhyncha (a suborder of Hemiptera), Thysanoptera, Phthiraptera and Liposcelididae (a family of Psocoptera). Bayesian inference with nucleotide sequences and heterogeneous models (CAT and CAT + GTR), however, recovered Psocodea, Thysanoptera and Hemiptera each as a monophyletic group. Within Psocodea, Liposcelididae is more closely related to Phthiraptera than to other species of Psocoptera. Furthermore, Thysanoptera was recovered as the sister group to Hemiptera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Li
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing. 100193, China
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing. 100193, China
| | - Renfu Shao
- GeneCology Research Centre, Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nan Song
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing. 100193, China
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan. 450002, China
| | - Fan Song
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing. 100193, China
| | - Pei Jiang
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing. 100193, China
| | - Zhihong Li
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing. 100193, China
| | - Wanzhi Cai
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing. 100193, China
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Ma C, Wang Y, Wu C, Kang L, Liu C. The compact mitochondrial genome of Zorotypus medoensis provides insights into phylogenetic position of Zoraptera. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:1156. [PMID: 25529234 PMCID: PMC4367826 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-1156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zoraptera, generally regarded as a member of Polyneoptera, represents one of the most enigmatic insect orders. Although phylogenetic analyses based on a wide array of morphological and/or nuclear data have been performed, the position of Zoraptera is still under debate. Mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) information is commonly considered to be preferable to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships, but no efforts have been made to incorporate it in Zorapteran phylogeny. To characterize Zoraptera mitogenome features and provide insights into its phylogenetic placement, here we sequenced, for the first time, one complete mitogenome of Zoraptera and reconstructed the phylogeny of Polyneoptera. RESULTS The mitogenome of Zorotypus medoensis with an A+T content of 72.50% is composed of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, and a noncoding A+T-rich region. The gene content and arrangement are identical to those considered ancestral for insects. This mitogenome shows a number of very unusual features. First, it is very compact, comprising 14,572 bp, and is the smallest among all known polyneopteran mitogenomes. Second, both noncoding sequences and coding genes exhibit a significant decrease in size compared with those of other polyneopterans. Third, Z. medoensis mitogenome has experienced an accelerated substitution rate. Fourth, truncated secondary structures of tRNA genes occur with loss of dihydrouridine (DHU) arm in trnC, trnR, and trnS(AGN) and loss of TΨC arm in trnH and trnT. The phylogenetic analyses based on the mitogenome sequence information indicate that Zoraptera, represented by Z. medoensis, is recovered as sister to Embioptera. However, both Zoraptera and Embioptera exhibit very long branches in phylogenetic trees. CONCLUSIONS Characterization of Z. medoensis mitogenome contributes to our understanding of the enigmatic Zoraptera. Mitogenome data demonstrate an overall strong resolution of deep-level phylogenies of Polyneoptera but not Insecta. It is preferable to expand taxon sampling of Zoraptera and other poorly represented orders in future to break up long branches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Ma
- />State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
- />Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Yeying Wang
- />State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Chao Wu
- />State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Le Kang
- />State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
- />Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Chunxiang Liu
- />State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
- />Laboratory of Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
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15
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Dallai R, Thipaksorn A, Gottardo M, Mercati D, Machida R, Beutel RG. The sperm structure ofCryptocercus punctulatusScudder (Blattodea) and sperm evolution in Dictyoptera. J Morphol 2014; 276:361-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Romano Dallai
- Department of Life Sciences; University of Siena; Siena 53100 Italy
| | - Apisit Thipaksorn
- Sugadaira Montane Research Center; University of Tsukuba; Nagano 386-2204 Japan
- ASESRU; Department of Zoology; Faculty of Science; Kasetsart University; Bangkok 10900 Thailand
| | - Marco Gottardo
- Department of Life Sciences; University of Siena; Siena 53100 Italy
| | - David Mercati
- Department of Life Sciences; University of Siena; Siena 53100 Italy
| | - Ryuichiro Machida
- Sugadaira Montane Research Center; University of Tsukuba; Nagano 386-2204 Japan
| | - Rolf Georg Beutel
- Entomology Group; Institut für Spezielle Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie mit Phyletischem Museum; Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Erbertstr. 1 Jena 07743 Germany
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16
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Dallai R, Gottardo M, Mercati D, Rafael JA, Machida R, Mashimo Y, Matsumura Y, Beutel RG. The intermediate sperm type and genitalia of Zorotypus shannoni Gurney: evidence supporting infraordinal lineages in Zoraptera (Insecta). ZOOMORPHOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00435-014-0244-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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The molecular symplesiomorphies shared by the stem groups of metazoan evolution: can sites as few as 1% have a significant impact on recognizing the phylogenetic position of myzostomida? J Mol Evol 2014; 79:63-74. [PMID: 25128981 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-014-9635-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Although it is clear that taxon sampling, alignments, gene sampling, tree reconstruction methods and the total length of the sequences used are critical to the reconstruction of evolutionary history, weakly supported or misleading nodes exist in phylogenetic studies with no obvious flaw in those aspects. The phylogenetic studies focusing on the basal part of bilaterian evolution are such a case. During the past decade, Myzostomida has appeared in the basal part of Bilateria in several phylogenetic studies of Metazoa. However, most researchers have entertained only two competing hypotheses about the position of Myzostomida-an affinity with Annelida and an affinity with Platyhelminthes. In this study, dozens of symplesiomorphies were discovered by means of ancestral state reconstruction in the complete 18S and 28S rDNAs shared by the stem groups of Metazoa. By contrastive analysis on the datasets with or without such symplesiomorphic sites, we discovered that Myzostomida and other basal groups are basal lineages of Bilateria due to the corresponding symplesiomorphies shared with earlier lineages. As such, symplesiomorphies account for approximately 1-2% of the whole dataset have an essential impact on phylogenetic inference, and this study reminds molecular systematists of the importance of carrying out ancestral state reconstruction at each site in sequence-based phylogenetic studies. In addition, reasons should be explored for the low support of the hypothesis that Myzostomida belongs to Annelida in the results of phylogenomic studies. Future phylogenetic studies concerning Myzostomida should include all of the basal lineages of Bilateria to avoid directly neglecting the stand-alone basal position of Myzostomida as a potential hypothesis.
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Dallai R, Gottardo M, Mercati D, Machida R, Mashimo Y, Matsumura Y, Rafael JA, Beutel RG. Comparative morphology of spermatozoa and reproductive systems of zorapteran species from different world regions (Insecta, Zoraptera). ARTHROPOD STRUCTURE & DEVELOPMENT 2014; 43:371-383. [PMID: 24657729 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The male and female reproductive apparatus of Zorotypus magnicaudelli (Malaysia), Zorotypus huxleyi (Ecuador) and Zorotypus weidneri (Brazil) were examined and documented in detail. The genital apparatus and sperm of the three species show only minor differences. The testes are larger in Z. magnicaudelli. Z. huxleyi lacks the helical appendage in the accessory glands. A long cuticular flagellum is present in Z. magnicaudelli and in the previously studied Zorotypus caudelli like in several other species, whereas it is absent in Z. weidneri, Z. huxleyi, Zorotypus hubbardi, Zorotypus impolitus and Zorotypus guineensis. Characteristic features of the very similar sperm are the presence of: a) two dense arches above the axoneme; b) a 9 + 9+2 axoneme with detached subtubules A and B of doublets 1 and 6; c) the axonemal end degenerating with enlarging accessory tubules; d) accessory tubules with 17 protofilaments; e) three accessory bodies beneath the axoneme; and f) two mitochondrial derivatives of equal shape. The first characteristic (a) is unknown outside of Zoraptera and possibly autapomorphic. The sperm structure differs distinctly in Z. impolitus and Z. hubbardi, which produce giant sperm and possess a huge spermatheca. The presence of the same sperm type in species either provided with a sclerotized coiled flagellum in males or lacking this structure indicates that a different organization of the genital apparatus does not necessarily affect the sperm structure. The flagellum and its pouch has probably evolved within Zoraptera, but it cannot be excluded that it is a groundplan feature and was reduced several times. The fossil evidence and our findings suggest that distinct modifications in the genital apparatus occurred before the fragmentation of the Gondwanan landmass in the middle Cretaceous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romano Dallai
- Department of Life Sciences, Via A. Moro 2, University of Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Marco Gottardo
- Department of Life Sciences, Via A. Moro 2, University of Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - David Mercati
- Department of Life Sciences, Via A. Moro 2, University of Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Ryuichiro Machida
- Sugadaira Montane Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Nagano 386-2204, Japan.
| | - Yuta Mashimo
- Sugadaira Montane Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Nagano 386-2204, Japan.
| | - Yoko Matsumura
- Entomology Group, Institut für Spezielle Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie mit Phyletischem Museum, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Erbertstr. 1, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - José Albertino Rafael
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Caixa Postal 478, 69011-970 Manaus, AM, Brazil.
| | - Rolf Georg Beutel
- Entomology Group, Institut für Spezielle Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie mit Phyletischem Museum, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Erbertstr. 1, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
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Identification of different Bartonella species in the cattle tail louse (Haematopinus quadripertusus) and in cattle blood. Appl Environ Microbiol 2014; 80:5477-83. [PMID: 24973066 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01409-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bartonella spp. are worldwide-distributed facultative intracellular bacteria that exhibit an immense genomic diversity across mammal and arthropod hosts. The occurrence of cattle-associated Bartonella species was investigated in the cattle tail louse Haematopinus quadripertusus and in dairy cattle blood from Israel. Lice were collected from cattle from two dairy farms during summer 2011, and both lice and cow blood samples were collected from additional seven farms during the successive winter. The lice were identified morphologically and molecularly using 18S rRNA sequencing. Thereafter, they were screened for Bartonella DNA by conventional and real-time PCR assays using four partial genetic loci (gltA, rpoB, ssrA, and internal transcribed spacer [ITS]). A potentially novel Bartonella variant, closely related to other ruminant bartonellae, was identified in 11 of 13 louse pools collected in summer. In the cattle blood, the prevalence of Bartonella infection was 38%, identified as B. bovis and B. henselae (24 and 12%, respectively). A third genotype, closely related to Bartonella melophagi and Bartonella chomelii (based on the ssrA gene) and to B. bovis (based on the ITS sequence) was identified in a single cow. The relatively high prevalence of these Bartonella species in cattle and the occurrence of phylogenetically diverse Bartonella variants in both cattle and their lice suggest the potential role of this animal system in the generation of Bartonella species diversity.
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20
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Dallai R, Gottardo M, Mercati D, Machida R, Mashimo Y, Matsumura Y, Beutel RG. Giant spermatozoa and a huge spermatheca: a case of coevolution of male and female reproductive organs in the ground louse Zorotypus impolitus (Insecta, Zoraptera). ARTHROPOD STRUCTURE & DEVELOPMENT 2014; 43:135-151. [PMID: 24211517 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2013.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The male and female genital apparatus of the recently discovered ground louse Zorotypus impolitus were examined using light and electron microscopy. The rounded testes and a large seminal vesicle are connected with a complex of four accessory glands by a long tapering ejaculatory duct. Two accessory glands have the same whitish coloration, whereas the third one is pale blue, and the elongated and cylindrical fourth one translucent. The sperm are the largest known in Hexapoda, 3mm long and 3μm wide, with a volume of ca. 21,000μm(3); the ratio between the diameter of the axoneme and the width of the main body of the sperm ranges between 1:10 and 1:13. The exceptional width of the spermatozoa is due to an extreme enlargement of the mitochondrial derivatives and accessory bodies. A single sperm is contained in a small globular spermatophore (100μm). The highly unusual external transfer correlates with an atypical mating behavior. The male produces several to many spermatophores during the mating process. As in other zorapterans the ovaries are panoistic and the eggs bear two micropyles. An exceptionally large apical spermathecal receptacle is present; it is connected with the vagina by a long spermathecal duct, which varies structurally along its course. A correlation between the sperm size and the size of the spermatheca is likely. Ultrastructural features of different species support two strikingly different models of male and female reproductive apparatus in the small order Zoraptera. This is in stark contrast to the extreme uniformity of their external morphology. It is likely that sexual selection played a decisive role in the evolution of the reproductive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romano Dallai
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Marco Gottardo
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - David Mercati
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Ryuichiro Machida
- Sugadaira Montane Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Sugadaira Kogen, Ueda, Nagano 386-2204, Japan.
| | - Yuta Mashimo
- Sugadaira Montane Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Sugadaira Kogen, Ueda, Nagano 386-2204, Japan.
| | - Yoko Matsumura
- Institut für Spezielle Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie mit Phyletischem Museum, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Ebertstrasse 1, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Rolf G Beutel
- Institut für Spezielle Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie mit Phyletischem Museum, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Ebertstrasse 1, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
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21
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Mashimo Y, Beutel RG, Dallai R, Lee CY, Machida R. Embryonic development of Zoraptera with special reference to external morphology, and its phylogenetic implications (Insecta). J Morphol 2013; 275:295-312. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Mashimo
- Sugadaira Montane Research Center; University of Tsukuba; Sugadaira Kogen, Ueda Nagano 386-2204 Japan
| | - Rolf G. Beutel
- Institut für Spezielle Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie mit Phyletischem Museum; Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Erbertstrasse 1 Jena 07743 Germany
| | - Romano Dallai
- Department of Life Sciences; University of Siena; Via A. Moro 2 Siena I-53100 Italy
| | - Chow-Yang Lee
- School of Biological Sciences; Universiti Sains Malaysia; Penang 11800 Malaysia
| | - Ryuichiro Machida
- Sugadaira Montane Research Center; University of Tsukuba; Sugadaira Kogen, Ueda Nagano 386-2204 Japan
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22
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Yu S, Wang Y, Rédei D, Xie Q, Bu W. Secondary structure models of 18S and 28S rRNAs of the true bugs based on complete rDNA sequences of Eurydema maracandica Oshanin, 1871 (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae). Zookeys 2013; 319:363-77. [PMID: 24039531 PMCID: PMC3764533 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.319.4178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The sequences of 18S and 28S rDNAs have been used as molecular markers to resolve phylogenetic relationships of Heteroptera for two decades. The complete sequences of 18S rDNAs have been used in many studies, while in most studies only partial sequences of 28S rDNAs have been used due to technical difficulties of amplifying the complete lengths. In this study, we amplified the complete 18S and 28S rDNA sequences of Eurydema maracandica Oshanin, 1871, and reconstructed the secondary structure models of the corresponding rRNAs. In addition, and more importantly, all of the length variable regions of 18S rRNA were compared among 37 families of Heteroptera based on 140 sequences, and the D3 region of 28S rRNA was compared among 51 families based on 84 sequences. It was found that 8 length variable regions could potentially serve as molecular synapomorphies for some monophyletic groups. Therefore discoveries of more molecular synapomorphies for specific clades can be anticipated from amplification of complete 18S and 28S rDNAs of more representatives of Heteroptera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Yu
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yanhui Wang
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Dávid Rédei
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Qiang Xie
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Wenjun Bu
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
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