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Geetha RG, Krishnankutty Nair Chandrika S, Saraswathy GG, Nair Sivakumari A, Sakuntala M. ROS Dependent Antifungal and Anticancer Modulations of Piper colubrinum Osmotin. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26082239. [PMID: 33924432 PMCID: PMC8070354 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osmotin, a plant defense protein, has functional similarity to adiponectin, an insulin sensitizingsensitising hormone secreted by adipocytes. We speculated that Piper colubrinum Osmotin (PcOSM) could have functional roles in obesity-related cancers, especially breast cancer. Immunofluorescence assays, flow cytometry, cell cycle analysis and a senescence assay were employed to delineate the activity in MDAMB231 breast cancer cell line. PcOSM pre-treated P. nigrum leaves showed significant reduction in disease symptoms correlated with high ROS production. In silico analysis predicted that PcOSM has higher binding efficiency with adiponectin receptor compared to adiponectin. PcOSM was effectively taken up by MDAMB231 cancer cells which resulted in marked increase in intracellular ROS levels leading to senescence and cell cycle arrest in G2/M stage. This study provides evidence on the ROS mediated direct inhibitory activity of the plant derived osmotin protein on the phytopathogen Phytophthora capsici, and the additional functional roles of this plant defense protein on cancer cells through inducing ROS associated senescence. The strong leads produced from this study could be pursued further to obtain more insights into the therapeutic potential of osmotin in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeswari Gopal Geetha
- Plant Disease Biology Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Jagathy, Thycaud P.O., Thiruvananthapuram 695014, Kerala, India; (R.G.G.); (G.G.S.)
| | | | - Gayathri G. Saraswathy
- Plant Disease Biology Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Jagathy, Thycaud P.O., Thiruvananthapuram 695014, Kerala, India; (R.G.G.); (G.G.S.)
| | - Asha Nair Sivakumari
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thycaud P.O., Thiruvananthapuram 695014, Kerala, India;
| | - Manjula Sakuntala
- Plant Disease Biology Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Jagathy, Thycaud P.O., Thiruvananthapuram 695014, Kerala, India; (R.G.G.); (G.G.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Differential Accumulation of Innate- and Adaptive-Immune-Response-Derived Transcripts during Antagonism between Papaya Ringspot Virus and Papaya Mosaic Virus. Viruses 2020; 12:v12020230. [PMID: 32092910 PMCID: PMC7077339 DOI: 10.3390/v12020230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV), a common potyvirus infecting papaya plants worldwide, can lead to either antagonism or synergism in mixed infections with Papaya mosaic virus (PapMV), a potexvirus. These two unrelated viruses produce antagonism or synergism depending on their order of infection in the plant. When PRSV is inoculated first or at the same time as PapMV, the viral interaction is synergistic. However, an antagonistic response is observed when PapMV is inoculated before PRSV. In the antagonistic condition, PRSV is deterred from the plant and its drastic effects are overcome. Here, we examine differences in gene expression by high-throughput RNA sequencing, focused on immune system pathways. We present the transcriptomic expression of single and mixed inoculations of PRSV and PapMV leading to synergism and antagonism. Upregulation of dominant and hormone-mediated resistance transcripts suggests that the innate immune system participates in synergism. In antagonism, in addition to innate immunity, upregulation of RNA interference-mediated resistance transcripts suggests that adaptive immunity is involved.
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Brauer EK, Popescu GV, Singh DK, Calviño M, Gupta K, Gupta B, Chakravarthy S, Popescu SC. Integrative network-centric approach reveals signaling pathways associated with plant resistance and susceptibility to Pseudomonas syringae. PLoS Biol 2018; 16:e2005956. [PMID: 30540739 PMCID: PMC6322785 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2005956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant protein kinases form redundant signaling pathways to perceive microbial pathogens and activate immunity. Bacterial pathogens repress cellular immune responses by secreting effectors, some of which bind and inhibit multiple host kinases. To understand how broadly bacterial effectors may bind protein kinases and the function of these kinase interactors, we first tested kinase–effector (K-E) interactions using the Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato–tomato pathosystem. We tested interactions between five individual effectors (HopAI1, AvrPto, HopA1, HopM1, and HopAF1) and 279 tomato kinases in tomato cells. Over half of the tested kinases interacted with at least one effector, and 48% of these kinases interacted with more than three effectors, suggesting a role in the defense. Next, we characterized the role of select multi-effector–interacting kinases and revealed their roles in basal resistance, effector-triggered immunity (ETI), or programmed cell death (PCD). The immune function of several of these kinases was only detectable in the presence of effectors, suggesting that these kinases are critical when particular cell functions are perturbed or that their role is typically masked. To visualize the kinase networks underlying the cellular responses, we derived signal-specific networks. A comparison of the networks revealed a limited overlap between ETI and basal immunity networks. In addition, the basal immune network complexity increased when exposed to some of the effectors. The networks were used to successfully predict the role of a new set of kinases in basal immunity. Our work indicates the complexity of the larger kinase-based defense network and demonstrates how virulence- and avirulence-associated bacterial effectors alter sectors of the defense network. Some bacterial pathogens secrete virulence factors called effectors, which influence host tissues during infection. The impact of such bacterial effectors on the transmission of immune signals in plants remains poorly understood. In this study, we developed an integrative network approach to discover interactions between bacterial effectors and a class of host signal-mediating enzymes called protein kinases. We also characterized the functions of the targets of these kinases in order to understand how bacterial effectors might disrupt the flow of information in signaling pathways within plant cells. We show that plants activate larger signaling networks when inoculated with pathogens that produce effectors. We also find that plant signaling networks are specific to individual effectors and that the networks include kinases with both positive and negative effects on plant resistance to pathogens. We propose that the topology of immune signaling networks is determined by the plant’s ability to activate compensatory pathways in response to the effectors’ network-disruptive actions. Conversely, pathogens may increase their virulence both by disrupting host signaling at the membrane-located end of the signaling network and by recruiting cytosolic kinases. This work provides a framework for the study of plant–pathogen communication and could be used to prioritize targets for improving resistance in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth K. Brauer
- The Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - George V. Popescu
- Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing, and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, United States of America
- The National Institute for Laser, Plasma & Radiation Physics, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dharmendra K. Singh
- The Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Mauricio Calviño
- The Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Kamala Gupta
- The Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Bhaskar Gupta
- The Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Suma Chakravarthy
- Department of Plant Pathology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Sorina C. Popescu
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Bally J, Jung H, Mortimer C, Naim F, Philips JG, Hellens R, Bombarely A, Goodin MM, Waterhouse PM. The Rise and Rise of Nicotiana benthamiana: A Plant for All Reasons. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2018; 56:405-426. [PMID: 30149789 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-080417-050141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A decade ago, the value of Nicotiana benthamiana as a tool for plant molecular biologists was beginning to be appreciated. Scientists were using it to study plant-microbe and protein-protein interactions, and it was the species of choice with which to activate plasmid-encoded viruses, screen for gene functions with virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS), and transiently express genes by leaf agroinfiltration. However, little information about the species' origin, diversity, genetics, and genomics was available, and biologists were asking the question of whether N. benthamiana is a second fiddle or virtuoso. In this review, we look at the increased knowledge about the species and its applications over the past decade. Although N. benthamiana may still be the sidekick to Arabidopsis, it shines ever more brightly with realized and yet-to-be-exploited potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Bally
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, 4001 Brisbane, Queensland, Australia;
| | - Hyungtaek Jung
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, 4001 Brisbane, Queensland, Australia;
| | - Cara Mortimer
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, 4001 Brisbane, Queensland, Australia;
| | - Fatima Naim
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, 4001 Brisbane, Queensland, Australia;
| | - Joshua G Philips
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, 4001 Brisbane, Queensland, Australia;
| | - Roger Hellens
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, 4001 Brisbane, Queensland, Australia;
| | - Aureliano Bombarely
- Department of Horticulture, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061-0002, USA
| | - Michael M Goodin
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546, USA;
| | - Peter M Waterhouse
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, 4001 Brisbane, Queensland, Australia;
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Caarls L, Van der Does D, Hickman R, Jansen W, Verk MCV, Proietti S, Lorenzo O, Solano R, Pieterse CMJ, Van Wees SCM. Assessing the Role of ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR Transcriptional Repressors in Salicylic Acid-Mediated Suppression of Jasmonic Acid-Responsive Genes. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 58:266-278. [PMID: 27837094 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcw187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) cross-communicate in the plant immune signaling network to finely regulate induced defenses. In Arabidopsis, SA antagonizes many JA-responsive genes, partly by targeting the ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR (ERF)-type transcriptional activator ORA59. Members of the ERF transcription factor family typically bind to GCC-box motifs in the promoters of JA- and ethylene-responsive genes, thereby positively or negatively regulating their expression. The GCC-box motif is sufficient for SA-mediated suppression of JA-responsive gene expression. Here, we investigated whether SA-induced ERF-type transcriptional repressors, which may compete with JA-induced ERF-type activators for binding at the GCC-box, play a role in SA/JA antagonism. We selected ERFs that are transcriptionally induced by SA and/or possess an EAR transcriptional repressor motif. Several of the 16 ERFs tested suppressed JA-dependent gene expression, as revealed by enhanced JA-induced PDF1.2 or VSP2 expression levels in the corresponding erf mutants, while others were involved in activation of these genes. However, SA could antagonize JA-induced PDF1.2 or VSP2 in all erf mutants, suggesting that the tested ERF transcriptional repressors are not required for SA/JA cross-talk. Moreover, a mutant in the co-repressor TOPLESS, that showed reduction in repression of JA signaling, still displayed SA-mediated antagonism of PDF1.2 and VSP2. Collectively, these results suggest that SA-regulated ERF transcriptional repressors are not essential for antagonism of JA-responsive gene expression by SA. We further show that de novo SA-induced protein synthesis is required for suppression of JA-induced PDF1.2, pointing to SA-stimulated production of an as yet unknown protein that suppresses JA-induced transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotte Caarls
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dieuwertje Van der Does
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Richard Hickman
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter Jansen
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel C Van Verk
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Bioinformatics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Silvia Proietti
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Oscar Lorenzo
- Departamento de Fisiologia Vegetal, Centro Hispano-Luso de Investigaciones Agrarias (CIALE), Facultad de Biologia, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Roberto Solano
- Department of Plant Molecular Genetics, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Corné M J Pieterse
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia C M Van Wees
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Larkan NJ, Ma L, Borhan MH. The Brassica napus receptor-like protein RLM2 is encoded by a second allele of the LepR3/Rlm2 blackleg resistance locus. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2015; 13:983-92. [PMID: 25644479 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat receptor-like proteins (LRR-RLPs) are highly adaptable parts of the signalling apparatus for extracellular detection of plant pathogens. Resistance to blackleg disease of Brassica spp. caused by Leptosphaeria maculans is largely governed by host race-specific R-genes, including the LRR-RLP gene LepR3. The blackleg resistance gene Rlm2 was previously mapped to the same genetic interval as LepR3. In this study, the LepR3 locus of the Rlm2 Brassica napus line 'Glacier DH24287' was cloned, and B. napus transformants were analysed for recovery of the Rlm2 phenotype. Multiple B. napus, B. rapa and B. juncea lines were assessed for sequence variation at the locus. Rlm2 was found to be an allelic variant of the LepR3 LRR-RLP locus, conveying race-specific resistance to L. maculans isolates harbouring AvrLm2. Several defence-related LRR-RLPs have previously been shown to associate with the RLK SOBIR1 to facilitate defence signalling. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) and co-immunoprecipitation of RLM2-SOBIR1 studies revealed that RLM2 interacts with SOBIR1 of Arabidopsis thaliana when co-expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana. The interaction of RLM2 with AtSOBIR1 is suggestive of a conserved defence signalling pathway between B. napus and its close relative A. thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Larkan
- Saskatoon Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Lisong Ma
- Saskatoon Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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García-Sánchez S, Bernales I, Cristobal S. Early response to nanoparticles in the Arabidopsis transcriptome compromises plant defence and root-hair development through salicylic acid signalling. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:341. [PMID: 25903678 PMCID: PMC4417227 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1530-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The impact of nano-scaled materials on photosynthetic organisms needs to be evaluated. Plants represent the largest interface between the environment and biosphere, so understanding how nanoparticles affect them is especially relevant for environmental assessments. Nanotoxicology studies in plants allude to quantum size effects and other properties specific of the nano-stage to explain increased toxicity respect to bulk compounds. However, gene expression profiles after exposure to nanoparticles and other sources of environmental stress have not been compared and the impact on plant defence has not been analysed. Results Arabidopsis plants were exposed to TiO2-nanoparticles, Ag-nanoparticles, and multi-walled carbon nanotubes as well as different sources of biotic (microbial pathogens) or abiotic (saline, drought, or wounding) stresses. Changes in gene expression profiles and plant phenotypic responses were evaluated. Transcriptome analysis shows similarity of expression patterns for all plants exposed to nanoparticles and a low impact on gene expression compared to other stress inducers. Nanoparticle exposure repressed transcriptional responses to microbial pathogens, resulting in increased bacterial colonization during an experimental infection. Inhibition of root hair development and transcriptional patterns characteristic of phosphate starvation response were also observed. The exogenous addition of salicylic acid prevented some nano-specific transcriptional and phenotypic effects, including the reduction in root hair formation and the colonization of distal leaves by bacteria. Conclusions This study integrates the effect of nanoparticles on gene expression with plant responses to major sources of environmental stress and paves the way to remediate the impact of these potentially damaging compounds through hormonal priming. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1530-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana García-Sánchez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain.
| | - Irantzu Bernales
- Gene Expression Unit, Genomics Facility of General Research Services (SGIker), Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain.
| | - Susana Cristobal
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Country Foundation for Science. Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain. .,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Health Science Faculty, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
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Liebrand TWH, van den Burg HA, Joosten MHAJ. Two for all: receptor-associated kinases SOBIR1 and BAK1. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 19:123-32. [PMID: 24238702 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat-receptor-like proteins (LRR-RLPs) are ubiquitous cell surface receptors lacking a cytoplasmic signalling domain. For most of these LRR-RLPs, it remained enigmatic how they activate cellular responses upon ligand perception. Recently, the LRR-receptor-like kinase (LRR-RLK) SUPPRESSOR OF BIR1-1 (SOBIR1) was shown to be essential for triggering defence responses by certain LRR-RLPs that act as immune receptors. In addition to SOBIR1, the regulatory LRR-RLK BRI1-ASSOCIATED KINASE-1 (BAK1) is also required for LRR-RLP function. Here, we compare the roles of SOBIR1 and BAK1 as regulatory LRR-RLKs in immunity and development. BAK1 has a general regulatory role in plasma membrane-associated receptor complexes comprising LRR-RLPs and/or LRR-RLKs. By contrast, SOBIR1 appears to be specifically required for the function of receptor complexes containing LRR-RLPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W H Liebrand
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands; Centre for BioSystems Genomics, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6700 AB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harrold A van den Burg
- Molecular Plant Pathology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (SILS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matthieu H A J Joosten
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands; Centre for BioSystems Genomics, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6700 AB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Oligopeptide m13 phage display in pathogen research. Viruses 2013; 5:2531-45. [PMID: 24136040 PMCID: PMC3814601 DOI: 10.3390/v5102531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Phage display has become an established, widely used method for selection of peptides, antibodies or alternative scaffolds. The use of phage display for the selection of antigens from genomic or cDNA libraries of pathogens which is an alternative to the classical way of identifying immunogenic proteins is not well-known. In recent years several new applications for oligopeptide phage display in disease related fields have been developed which has led to the identification of various new antigens. These novel identified immunogenic proteins provide new insights into host pathogen interactions and can be used for the development of new diagnostic tests and vaccines. In this review we focus on the M13 oligopeptide phage display system for pathogen research but will also give examples for lambda phage display and for applications in other disease related fields. In addition, a detailed technical work flow for the identification of immunogenic oligopeptides using the pHORF system is given. The described identification of immunogenic proteins of pathogens using oligopeptide phage display can be linked to antibody phage display resulting in a vaccine pipeline.
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Kushwaha R, Payne CM, Downie AB. Uses of phage display in agriculture: a review of food-related protein-protein interactions discovered by biopanning over diverse baits. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2013; 2013:653759. [PMID: 23710253 PMCID: PMC3655605 DOI: 10.1155/2013/653759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights discoveries made using phage display that impact the use of agricultural products. The contribution phage display made to our fundamental understanding of how various protective molecules serve to safeguard plants and seeds from herbivores and microbes is discussed. The utility of phage display for directed evolution of enzymes with enhanced capacities to degrade the complex polymers of the cell wall into molecules useful for biofuel production is surveyed. Food allergies are often directed against components of seeds; this review emphasizes how phage display has been employed to determine the seed component(s) contributing most to the allergenic reaction and how it has played a central role in novel approaches to mitigate patient response. Finally, an overview of the use of phage display in identifying the mature seed proteome protection and repair mechanisms is provided. The identification of specific classes of proteins preferentially bound by such protection and repair proteins leads to hypotheses concerning the importance of safeguarding the translational apparatus from damage during seed quiescence and environmental perturbations during germination. These examples, it is hoped, will spur the use of phage display in future plant science examining protein-ligand interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Kushwaha
- Department of Horticulture, Agricultural Science Center North, University of Kentucky, Room 308J, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
- Seed Biology Group, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - Christina M. Payne
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Room 159, F. Paul Anderson Tower, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
- Center for Computational Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - A. Bruce Downie
- Seed Biology Group, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
- Department of Horticulture, University of Kentucky, Room 401A, Plant Science Building, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
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