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Tsakogiannis D, Nikolaidis M, Zagouri F, Zografos E, Kottaridi C, Kyriakopoulou Z, Tzioga L, Markoulatos P, Amoutzias GD, Bletsa G. Mutation Profile of HPV16 L1 and L2 Genes in Different Geographic Areas. Viruses 2022; 15:141. [PMID: 36680181 PMCID: PMC9867070 DOI: 10.3390/v15010141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The causal relationship between HPV and cervical cancer in association with the high prevalence of high risk HPV genotypes led to the design of HPV vaccines based on the major capsid L1 protein. In recent years, capsid protein L2 has also become a focal point in the field of vaccine research. The present review focuses on the variability of HPV16 L1 and L2 genes, emphasizing the distribution of specific amino acid changes in the epitopes of capsid proteins. Moreover, a substantial bioinformatics analysis was conducted to describe the worldwide distribution of amino acid substitutions throughout HPV16 L1, L2 proteins. Five amino acid changes (T176N, N181T; EF loop), (T266A; FG loop), (T353P, T389S; HI loop) are frequently observed in the L1 hypervariable surface loops, while two amino acid substitutions (D43E, S122P) are adjacent to L2 specific epitopes. These changes have a high prevalence in certain geographic regions. The present review suggests that the extensive analysis of the amino acid substitutions in the HPV16 L1 immunodominant loops may provide insights concerning the ability of the virus in evading host immune response in certain populations. The genetic variability of the HPV16 L1 and L2 epitopes should be extensively analyzed in a given population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marios Nikolaidis
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Flora Zagouri
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Zografos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Christine Kottaridi
- Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Zaharoula Kyriakopoulou
- Department of Environment, School of Technology, University of Thessaly, Gaiopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Lamprini Tzioga
- Research Center, Hellenic Anticancer Institute, 10680 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Grigoris D. Amoutzias
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Garyfalia Bletsa
- Research Center, Hellenic Anticancer Institute, 10680 Athens, Greece
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Jalil AT, Karevskiy A. Phylogenetic Analysis of HPV16 Isolated from Women with Cervical Cancer Based on L2 Gene Partial Sequence in the Province of Dhi-Qar, Iraq. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.9397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: As a causative agent for cervical cancer, the human papillomavirus (HPV) is well-recognized. Being a high-risk form, HPV16 is considered and has been confirmed to be associated specifically with cancer of the cervix.
AIM: HPV16’s phylogenetic tree and genetic diversity are well known worldwide, but in Iraq, documents on HPV16 genetic diversity among women with cervical cancer are lacking; therefore, the present study focused on phylogenetic analysis of HPV16 isolated cervical cancer based on L2 gene partial sequence.
METHODOLOGY: The current study focused on the investigation of HPV16 in women who suffer from cervical cancer. This survey was performed on 93 adult females suffering from cervical cancer during the period from 2017 to 2020. For the molecular study, DNA was extracted and subjected to a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection and amplification of minor capsidprotein L2 gene. Nucleotide sequences of amplified capsid L2 gene were searched using the advanced simple local alignment search tool at GenBank (BLAST).
RESULTS: Genetic screening on HPV16 L2 gene by conventional PCR showed that 60 (65%) of cervical cancer cases infected by HPV16 while only 5 (8%) of the healthy control group are positive for HPV16. The results of the NCBI-BLAST homology sequence showed that genetic variation appeared in four strains from five strains of HPV16.
CONCLUSION: HPV16 from the main causative factors for cervical cancer with high genetic variation.
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Mane A, Limaye S, Patil L, Kulkarni-Kale U. Genetic variability in minor capsid protein (L2 gene) of human papillomavirus type 16 among Indian women. Med Microbiol Immunol 2022; 211:153-160. [PMID: 35552511 PMCID: PMC9101989 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-022-00739-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) is the predominant genotype worldwide associated with invasive cervical cancer and hence remains as the focus for diagnostic development and vaccine research. L2, the minor capsid protein forms the packaging unit for the HPV genome along with the L1 protein and is primarily associated with transport of genomic DNA to the nucleus. Unlike L1, L2 is known to elicit cross-neutralizing antibodies and thus becomes a suitable candidate for pan-HPV prophylactic vaccine development. In the present study, a total of 148 cervical HPV-16 isolates from Indian women were analyzed by PCR-directed sequencing, phylogenetic analysis and in silico immunoinformatics tools to determine the L2 variations that may impact the immune response and oncogenesis. Ninety-one SNPs translating to 35 non-synonymous amino acid substitutions were observed, of these 16 substitutions are reported in the Indian isolates for the first time. T245A, L266F, S378V and S384A substitutions were significantly associated with high-grade cervical neoplastic status. Multiple substitutions were observed in samples from high-grade cervical neoplastic status as compared to those from normal cervical status (p = 0.027), specifically from the D3 sub-lineage. It was observed that substitution T85A was part of both, B and T cell epitopes recognized by MHC-I molecules; T245A was common to B and T cell epitopes recognized by MHC-II molecules and S122P/A was common to the region recognized by both MHC-I and MHC-II molecules. These findings reporting L2 protein substitutions have implications on cervical oncogenesis and design of next-generation L2-based HPV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arati Mane
- ICMR - National AIDS Research Institute, '73' G Block, MIDC, Bhosari, Pune, 411026, India.
| | - Sanket Limaye
- Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Linata Patil
- ICMR - National AIDS Research Institute, '73' G Block, MIDC, Bhosari, Pune, 411026, India
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Wang X, Han S, Li X, Wang X, Wang S, Ma L. Prevalence and distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) in Luoyang city of Henan province during 2015-2021 and the genetic variability of HPV16 and 52. Virol J 2022; 19:37. [PMID: 35246180 PMCID: PMC8896270 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-022-01759-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Persistent high-risk Human papillomavirus (HPV) subtypes infection has been implicated as a causative of cervical cancer. Distribution and genotypes of HPV infection among females and their variations would assist in the formulation of preventive strategy for cervical cancer. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the prevalence of HPV among females in central China. Methods The distribution and genotypes of HPV among 9943 females attending the gynecological examinations in central of China during 2015–2021 were investigated. HPV genotypes were detected using a commercial kit. Nucleotides sequences of L1, E6 and E7 genes in HPV16 or HPV52 positive samples collected in 2021 were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Variations of L1, E6 and E7 in HPV16 and HPV52 were gained by sequencing and compared with the reference sequence. Sublineages of HPV16 and HPV52 were determined by the construction of phylogenetic tree based on L1 gene. Results The overall prevalence of HPV infection was 22.81%, with the infection rate of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) was 19.02% and low-risk human papillomavirus (LR-HPV) was 6.40%. The most top five genotypes of HPV infection were HPV16 (7.49%), HPV52 (3.04%), HPV58 (2.36%), HPV18 (1.65%) and HPV51 (1.61%). Plots of the age-infection rate showed that the single HPV, multiple HPV, HR-HPV, LR-HPV infection revealed the same tendency with two peaks of HPV infection were observed among females aged ≤ 20 year-old and 60–65 year-old. The predominant sublineage of HPV16 was A1 and B2 for HPV52. For HPV16, The most prevalent mutations were T266A (27/27) and N181T (7/27) for L1, D32E for E6 and S63F for E7 in HPV16. For HPV52, all of the nucleotide changes were synonymous mutation in L1 (except L5S) and E7 genes. The K93R mutation was observed in most HPV52 E6 protein. Conclusions The present study provides basic information about the distribution, genotypes and variations of HPV among females population in Henan province, which would assist in the formulation of preventive strategies and improvements of diagnostic probe and vaccine for HPV in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Wang
- Department of Blood Transfusion and Clinical Laboratory, No.989 Hospital of the Joint Logistic Support Force of Chinese PLA, Luoyang, Henan Province, China
| | - Shuizhong Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xingwei Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion and Clinical Laboratory, No.989 Hospital of the Joint Logistic Support Force of Chinese PLA, Luoyang, Henan Province, China
| | - Xiaochuan Wang
- Department of Blood Transfusion and Clinical Laboratory, No.989 Hospital of the Joint Logistic Support Force of Chinese PLA, Luoyang, Henan Province, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Department of Blood Transfusion and Clinical Laboratory, No.989 Hospital of the Joint Logistic Support Force of Chinese PLA, Luoyang, Henan Province, China
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Blood Transfusion and Clinical Laboratory, No.989 Hospital of the Joint Logistic Support Force of Chinese PLA, Luoyang, Henan Province, China.
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Wang Z, Tang Y, Dang H, Zhang X, Pang L, Wang P, Chen C, Ren Y. Analysis of Xinjiang HPV16 L1 gene polymorphisms: a newly developed, low-cost enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2022; 15:1-10. [PMID: 35145578 PMCID: PMC8822206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xinjiang, China shows the world's highest incidence and mortality rates of cervical cancer. Due to limited conditions available for medical examination, hybrid capture 2 (HC2) and other detection methods are used rarely, and early screening for human papillomavirus (HPV) cannot be carried out. Therefore, we established a double-antibody sandwich (DAS)-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on a polymorphism of the Xinjiang HPV16 L1 strain (KU721788). METHODS According to the conserved sequence and specific epitope of Xinjiang strain HPV16 L1, we prepared two anti-HPV16 L1 monoclonal antibodies and combined them to construct a DAS-ELISA. Detection conditions for the DAS-ELISA were optimized, and HC2 was used as the control to verify the specificity, repeatability and coincidence detection of the DAS-ELISA. RESULTS The optimized conditions for the DAS-ELISA were: dilution of the capture antibody was 1:100; the enzyme-labelled antibody was 1:10; the sample reaction time was 45 min; the enzyme-labelled antibody was applied for 40 min, and the substrate color development time was 15 min. The quality of the DAS-ELISA for the detection of HPV 16 was very high, and there was no significant difference when compared with HC2. CONCLUSION The DAS-ELISA developed on the basis of the Xinjiang strain (KU721788) polymorphism possesses the advantages of a detection rate similar to that for the HC2 assay currently used clinically, but it is more convenient operationally and at lower cost. DAS-ELISA is thus easier to implement for cervical cancer screening in economically depressed areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education)/Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of MedicineShihezi, China
| | - Yan Tang
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education)/Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of MedicineShihezi, China
- Animal Science and Technology Branch, Xinjiang Agricultural Vocational Technical CollegeChangji 831100, Xinjiang, China
| | - Hongwei Dang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi UniversityShihezi 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xuxuan Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education)/Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of MedicineShihezi, China
| | - Lijuan Pang
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education)/Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of MedicineShihezi, China
| | - Pengyan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi UniversityShihezi 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Chuangfu Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi UniversityShihezi 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yan Ren
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education)/Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of MedicineShihezi, China
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He J, Li Q, Hu C, Peng J, Ma S, Song Z, Liu Y, Cui Y, Deng J, Wei X, Ding X. Human papillomavirus 68 prevalence and genetic variability based on E6/E7 genes in Sichuan. Virology 2021; 567:15-25. [PMID: 34942562 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2021.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
HPV68 is a common HR-HPV, its persistent infection is closely related with the occurrence of cervical cancer. In this study, 2939 (27.60%, 2939/10650) positive samples were detected, and 174 (5.92%, 174/2939) were HPV68. 150 HPV68 E6-E7 were successful sequenced, 4 non-synonymous mutations were detected in E6, and E7 were 12. N133S non-synonymous mutations of HPV 68 E6 and C67G, T68 A/M of HPV68 E7 are E6, E7 positive selection sites, they all located in the key domains and major motifs of E6/E7 protein, the above amino-acid substitutions changed the protein structure, disturbed the interaction with other protein or cellular factors and make a difference in epitopes affinity, may affect the pathogenicity and adaptability of HPV68 to the environment. The enrichment of HPV68 data is of great significance for understanding the inherent geographical and biological differences of HPV68 in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaoyu He
- College of Phamaceutical Sciences , Southwest University, Chongqing, 400000, PR China; Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, PR China; Chongqing Nanchuan Biotechnology Research Institute, Bio-resource Research and Utilization Joint Key Laboratory of Sichuan and Chongqing, Sichuan and Chongqing, PR China; Xindu District People's Hospital of Chengdu, Department of Medical Laboratory, PR China.
| | - Qiufu Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, PR China; Chongqing Nanchuan Biotechnology Research Institute, Bio-resource Research and Utilization Joint Key Laboratory of Sichuan and Chongqing, Sichuan and Chongqing, PR China.
| | - Changhua Hu
- College of Phamaceutical Sciences , Southwest University, Chongqing, 400000, PR China.
| | - Jianying Peng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, PR China; Chongqing Nanchuan Biotechnology Research Institute, Bio-resource Research and Utilization Joint Key Laboratory of Sichuan and Chongqing, Sichuan and Chongqing, PR China.
| | - Shiyu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, PR China; Chongqing Nanchuan Biotechnology Research Institute, Bio-resource Research and Utilization Joint Key Laboratory of Sichuan and Chongqing, Sichuan and Chongqing, PR China.
| | - Zhilin Song
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, PR China; Chongqing Nanchuan Biotechnology Research Institute, Bio-resource Research and Utilization Joint Key Laboratory of Sichuan and Chongqing, Sichuan and Chongqing, PR China.
| | - Yiran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, PR China; Chongqing Nanchuan Biotechnology Research Institute, Bio-resource Research and Utilization Joint Key Laboratory of Sichuan and Chongqing, Sichuan and Chongqing, PR China.
| | - Yanru Cui
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, PR China; Chongqing Nanchuan Biotechnology Research Institute, Bio-resource Research and Utilization Joint Key Laboratory of Sichuan and Chongqing, Sichuan and Chongqing, PR China.
| | - Junhang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, PR China; Chongqing Nanchuan Biotechnology Research Institute, Bio-resource Research and Utilization Joint Key Laboratory of Sichuan and Chongqing, Sichuan and Chongqing, PR China.
| | - Xia Wei
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, PR China; Chongqing Nanchuan Biotechnology Research Institute, Bio-resource Research and Utilization Joint Key Laboratory of Sichuan and Chongqing, Sichuan and Chongqing, PR China.
| | - Xianping Ding
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, PR China; Chongqing Nanchuan Biotechnology Research Institute, Bio-resource Research and Utilization Joint Key Laboratory of Sichuan and Chongqing, Sichuan and Chongqing, PR China.
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Oumeslakht L, Ababou M, Badaoui B, Qmichou Z. Worldwide genetic variations in high-risk human papillomaviruses capsid L1 gene and their impact on vaccine efficiency. Gene 2021; 782:145533. [PMID: 33636291 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papillomavirus is the most common sexually transmitted infection. It is associated with different cancers, mainly cervical cancer, which remains the fourth most frequent cancer among women worldwide; it is also related to anogenital (anus, vulvar, vagina, and penis) and oropharyngeal cancers. Vaccination against HPV infection is the major way of prevention, and it has demonstrated impressive efficacy in reducing cervical cancer incidence. Nowadays, all the licensed HPV recombinant vaccines were designed based on HPV major capsid L1 protein. However, some variations in the HPV L1 gene sequence may induce structural changes within the L1 protein, which may alter the affinity and interaction of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) with L1 protein epitopes, and influence host immune response and recognition. Hence, the importance of accuracy in delineating epitopes relevant to vaccine design and defining genetic variations within antigenic regions in the L1 gene to predict its impact on prophylactic vaccine efficiency. The present review reports the sequence variations in HR-HPV L1 gene isolates from different countries around the world, which may help to understand the effect of HPV L1 gene variations on vaccine efficiency. METHODS Research studies were retrieved from PubMed, Google Scholar, Science direct, and the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database. A total of 31 articles describing genetic variations within the major capsid L1 gene and conducted in Africa, Europe, America and Asia were found. Only 26 studies conducted on HPV16, 18, 31, 33, 58, 45 and 52 which are the targets of HPV prophylactic vaccines, and which reported genetic variations within the L1 gene, were selected and evaluated in this review. FINDINGS We found a total of 87, 49, 11, 7, 22, 3, and 17 non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within HPV16, HPV18, HPV31, HPV58, HPV45, and HPV52 L1 gene, respectively. Four mutations were frequently observed in HPV16 L1 sequences: T353P in the HI loop, H228D in the EF loop, T266A in the FG loop, and T292A in the FG loop. Two mutations in HPV58 L1 sequences: T375N in the HI loop and L150F in the DE loop. Three mutations in HPV33 L1 sequences: T56N in the BC loop, G133S in the DE loop, T266K in the FG loop. Other mutations were found in HPV18, HPV45, and HPV52 L1 sequences. Some were found in different countries, and others were specific to a given population. Furthermore, some variations were located on peptide binding epitopes and lead to a modification of epitopes, which may influence MAbs interactions. Others need further investigations due to the lack of studies. CONCLUSION This study investigated the major capsid L1 genetic diversity of HPV16, 18, 31, 33, 58, 45, and 52 circulating in different populations around the world. Further investigations should be conducted to confirm their effect on immunogenicity and prophylactic vaccine efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loubna Oumeslakht
- Medical Biotechnology Center, Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation and Research, MAScIR, Rabat, Morocco; Laboratory of Biodiversity, Ecology and Genome, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Rabat, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mouna Ababou
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Rabat, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Bouabid Badaoui
- Laboratory of Biodiversity, Ecology and Genome, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Rabat, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Zineb Qmichou
- Medical Biotechnology Center, Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation and Research, MAScIR, Rabat, Morocco.
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Flores-Miramontes MG, Olszewski D, Artaza-Irigaray C, Willemsen A, Bravo IG, Vallejo-Ruiz V, Leal-Herrera YA, Piña-Sánchez P, Molina-Pineda A, Cantón-Romero JC, Martínez-Silva MG, Jave-Suárez LF, Aguilar-Lemarroy A. Detection of Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Unclassified Human Papillomaviruses in Cervical Cancer Samples From Mexican Women. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:234. [PMID: 32582561 PMCID: PMC7296070 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cervical cancer (CC) is associated to high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infections, for this reason it is crucial to have sensitive and accurate HPV diagnostic tests. To date, most research is focused on HPVs within the Alphapapillomavirus (α-PVs) genus and little attention has been paid to cervical infections with other HPV genotypes, like those of the Betapapillomavirus (β-PVs) and Gammapapillomavirus (γ-PVs) genera. The aim of this study was to determine the HPV genotypes from different genera in women with CC using Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS). Methods: The study comprised 48 HPV positive CC samples evaluated with the Linear Array HPV Genotyping test and individually sequenced by 454 NGS using PGMY09/11 and FAP primers. To determine the HPV genotypes present in each sample, the obtained sequences were compared with all HPV L1 gene reference sequences from the Papillomavirus Episteme database (PaVE). Moreover, 50 HPV positive low-grade cervical lesion samples individually genotyped with NGS were also included to determine the genotypes present preferentially in CC patients. Results: Among the 48 CC samples, 68.75% consisted of multiple HPV infections, 51 different genotypes were detected, of which 7 are still unclassified, 28 belong to α-PVs (6, 11, 16, 18, 26, 30, 33, 35, 39, 42, 43, 44, 45, 51, 52, 53, 54, 59, 62, 66, 68, 69, 70, 71, 74, 81, 102, 114), 10 to β-PVs (5, 12, 21, 37, 38b, 47, 80, 107, 118, 122), and 6 to γ-PVs (101, 103, 123, 135, 147, 214). Among them, HPV16 was the most prevalent genotype (54.2%), followed by HPV18 (16.7%), HPV38b (14.6%), and HPVs 52/62/80 (8.3%). Some genotypes were exclusively found in CC when compared with Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia grade 1 (CIN1) samples, such as HPVs 5, 18, 38b, 107, 122, FA39, FA116, mSK_120, and mSK_136. Conclusions: This work demonstrates the great diversity of HPV genotypes detected by combining PGMY and FAP primers with NGS in cervical swabs. The relatively high attribution of β- and γ- PVs in CC samples suggest their possible role as carcinogenic cofactors, but deeper studies need to be performed to determine if they have transforming properties and the significance of HPV-coinfections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dominik Olszewski
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Artaza-Irigaray
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO)-Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Anouk Willemsen
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratory MIVEGEC (UMR CNRS IRD Uni Montpellier), Montpellier, France
| | - Ignacio G Bravo
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratory MIVEGEC (UMR CNRS IRD Uni Montpellier), Montpellier, France
| | - Verónica Vallejo-Ruiz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Metepec, Mexico
| | - Yelda Aurora Leal-Herrera
- Centro Institucional de Capacitación y Registro de Cáncer (CICyRC), Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad (UMAE), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Mérida, Mexico
| | - Patricia Piña-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Oncológicas (UIMEO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Andrea Molina-Pineda
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO)-Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara, Mexico.,Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos Cantón-Romero
- Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad (UMAE), Hospital de Ginecología y Obstetricia, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - María Guadalupe Martínez-Silva
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Luis Felipe Jave-Suárez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO)-Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Adriana Aguilar-Lemarroy
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO)-Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara, Mexico
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Wu E, An G, Wu R, Tang Y, Li Q, Wang J, Ling Y, You J. Prevalence of human papillomavirus in archival head and neck cancer in the eastern Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region, China. TUMORI JOURNAL 2020; 106:369-377. [PMID: 32066343 DOI: 10.1177/0300891620901768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in archival head and neck cancer (HNC) collected from the Tong-Liao area, which is located in east Inner Mongolia, China. METHODS The presence of HPV in 54 HNCs and 25 benign biopsies was detected and the sequence variation of the E6 gene in HPV-positive samples was analyzed to determine their lineage/sublineage classification. RESULTS HPV was detected in only 4 out of 54 HNCs and no benign biopsies were found to be HPV-positive. After further p16INK4a immunostaining, only 3 cases of HNC were positive for both HPV and p16INK4a. Phylogenetic analysis of the isolated E6 gene shows that the HPV 16, HPV 31, and HPV 58 isolated in this study belong to lineage A. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of HPV in HNC from this area is very low. The lineage/sublineage classification of the 3 HPV types in HNC in this area is consistent with the previous reported data of HPV lineage distribution in cervical cancer within China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enqi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Guangwen An
- Department of Pharmacy, No. 984 Hospital of the PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Ritu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyu Tang
- Department of Pathology, The First People's Hospital of Hkorchin, Hkorchin, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital University of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhua Wang
- Department of Pathology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yaqin Ling
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Jia You
- Biotherapy Center, The Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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10
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Whole-Genome Sequencing and Variant Analysis of Human Papillomavirus 16 Infections. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.00844-17. [PMID: 28701400 PMCID: PMC5599754 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00844-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a strongly conserved DNA virus, high-risk types of which can cause cervical cancer in persistent infections. The most common type found in HPV-attributable cancer is HPV16, which can be subdivided into four lineages (A to D) with different carcinogenic properties. Studies have shown HPV16 sequence diversity in different geographical areas, but only limited information is available regarding HPV16 diversity within a population, especially at the whole-genome level. We analyzed HPV16 major variant diversity and conservation in persistent infections and performed a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) comparison between persistent and clearing infections. Materials were obtained in the Netherlands from a cohort study with longitudinal follow-up for up to 3 years. Our analysis shows a remarkably large variant diversity in the population. Whole-genome sequences were obtained for 57 persistent and 59 clearing HPV16 infections, resulting in 109 unique variants. Interestingly, persistent infections were completely conserved through time. One reinfection event was identified where the initial and follow-up samples clustered differently. Non-A1/A2 variants seemed to clear preferentially (P = 0.02). Our analysis shows that population-wide HPV16 sequence diversity is very large. In persistent infections, the HPV16 sequence was fully conserved. Sequencing can identify HPV16 reinfections, although occurrence is rare. SNP comparison identified no strongly acting effect of the viral genome affecting HPV16 infection clearance or persistence in up to 3 years of follow-up. These findings suggest the progression of an early HPV16 infection could be host related. IMPORTANCE Human papillomavirus 16 (HPV16) is the predominant type found in cervical cancer. Progression of initial infection to cervical cancer has been linked to sequence properties; however, knowledge of variants circulating in European populations, especially with longitudinal follow-up, is limited. By sequencing a number of infections with known follow-up for up to 3 years, we gained initial insights into the genetic diversity of HPV16 and the effects of the viral genome on the persistence of infections. A SNP comparison between sequences obtained from clearing and persistent infections did not identify strongly acting DNA variations responsible for these infection outcomes. In addition, we identified an HPV16 reinfection event where sequencing of initial and follow-up samples showed different HPV16 variants. Based on conventional genotyping, this infection would incorrectly be considered a persistent HPV16 infection. In the context of vaccine efficacy and monitoring studies, such infections could potentially cause reduced reported efficacy or efficiency.
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11
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Xi J, Chen J, Xu M, Yang H, Luo J, Pan Y, Wang X, Qiu L, Yang J, Sun Q. Genetic variability and functional implication of the long control region in HPV-16 variants in Southwest China. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182388. [PMID: 28767682 PMCID: PMC5540483 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
HPV-16 long control region (LCR) has been shown to be the most variable region of the HPV-16 genome and may play important roles in viral persistence and the development of cervical cancer. This study aimed to assess the risk of HPV-16 LCR variants for cervical cancer in women of Southwest China. 2146 cervical scrapings of volunteer outpatients and 74 cervical cancer tissues were screened.14 entire HPV-16 LCRs from asymptomatic carriers and 34 entire HPV-16 LCRs from cervical cancer patients were successfully amplified and sequenced to align to others described. 58 different point mutations were detected in 54 nucleotide sites of HPV-16 LCR. G7193T and G7521A variants, accounting for 100% of the infections, were predicted to locate at the binding site for FOXA1 and SOX9, respectively. A7730C variant which showed a high mutation frequency in cervical cancer was predicted to be a binding site for the cellular transcription factor PHOX2A. In addition, phylogenetic analysis displayed a high prevalence of A lineage in HPV-16 LCR in this Southwest China population. This study may help understanding of the intrinsic geographical relatedness and the correlations between LCR mutations and the development of carcinogenic lesions in Southwest China population. And it provides useful data for the further study of the biological function of HPV-16 LCR variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juemin Xi
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, People's Republic of China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, People's Republic of China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Infectious Disease, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Junying Chen
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, People's Republic of China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, People's Republic of China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Infectious Disease, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Miaoling Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongying Yang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Provincial Tumor Hospital, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Luo
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, People's Republic of China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, People's Republic of China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Infectious Disease, Kunming, People's Republic of China
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Pan
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, People's Republic of China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, People's Republic of China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Infectious Disease, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, People's Republic of China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, People's Republic of China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Infectious Disease, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Qiu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, People's Republic of China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, People's Republic of China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Infectious Disease, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajia Yang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, People's Republic of China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, People's Republic of China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Infectious Disease, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiangming Sun
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, People's Republic of China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, People's Republic of China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Infectious Disease, Kunming, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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12
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Chen Z, Jing Y, Wen Q, Ding X, Wang T, Mu X, Chenzhang Y, Cao M. E6 and E7 Gene Polymorphisms in Human Papillomavirus Types-58 and 33 Identified in Southwest China. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171140. [PMID: 28141822 PMCID: PMC5283733 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer of the cervix is associated with infection by certain types of human papillomavirus (HPV). The gene variants differ in immune responses and oncogenic potential. The E6 and E7 proteins encoded by high-risk HPV play a key role in cellular transformation. HPV-33 and HPV-58 types are highly prevalent among Chinese women. To study the gene intratypic variations, polymorphisms and positive selections of HPV-33 and HPV-58 E6/E7 in southwest China, HPV-33 (E6, E7: n = 216) and HPV-58 (E6, E7: n = 405) E6 and E7 genes were sequenced and compared to others submitted to GenBank. Phylogenetic trees were constructed by Maximum-likelihood and the Kimura 2-parameters methods by MEGA 6 (Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 6.0). The diversity of secondary structure was analyzed by PSIPred software. The selection pressures acting on the E6/E7 genes were estimated by PAML 4.8 (Phylogenetic Analyses by Maximun Likelihood version4.8) software. The positive sites of HPV-33 and HPV-58 E6/E7 were contrasted by ClustalX 2.1. Among 216 HPV-33 E6 sequences, 8 single nucleotide mutations were observed with 6/8 non-synonymous and 2/8 synonymous mutations. The 216 HPV-33 E7 sequences showed 3 single nucleotide mutations that were non-synonymous. The 405 HPV-58 E6 sequences revealed 8 single nucleotide mutations with 4/8 non-synonymous and 4/8 synonymous mutations. Among 405 HPV-58 E7 sequences, 13 single nucleotide mutations were observed with 10/13 non-synonymous mutations and 3/13 synonymous mutations. The selective pressure analysis showed that all HPV-33 and 4/6 HPV-58 E6/E7 major non-synonymous mutations were sites of positive selection. All variations were observed in sites belonging to major histocompatibility complex and/or B-cell predicted epitopes. K93N and R145 (I/N) were observed in both HPV-33 and HPV-58 E6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuyi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Bio-resource Research and Utilization Joint Key Laboratory of Sichuan and Chongqing, Sichuan and Chongqing, China
- Institute of Medical Genetics, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaling Jing
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Bio-resource Research and Utilization Joint Key Laboratory of Sichuan and Chongqing, Sichuan and Chongqing, China
- Institute of Medical Genetics, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Wen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Bio-resource Research and Utilization Joint Key Laboratory of Sichuan and Chongqing, Sichuan and Chongqing, China
- Institute of Medical Genetics, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xianping Ding
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Bio-resource Research and Utilization Joint Key Laboratory of Sichuan and Chongqing, Sichuan and Chongqing, China
- Institute of Medical Genetics, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Tao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Bio-resource Research and Utilization Joint Key Laboratory of Sichuan and Chongqing, Sichuan and Chongqing, China
- Institute of Medical Genetics, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuemei Mu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Bio-resource Research and Utilization Joint Key Laboratory of Sichuan and Chongqing, Sichuan and Chongqing, China
- Institute of Medical Genetics, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuwei Chenzhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Bio-resource Research and Utilization Joint Key Laboratory of Sichuan and Chongqing, Sichuan and Chongqing, China
- Institute of Medical Genetics, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Man Cao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Bio-resource Research and Utilization Joint Key Laboratory of Sichuan and Chongqing, Sichuan and Chongqing, China
- Institute of Medical Genetics, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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13
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Soto Y, Limia CM, González L, Grá B, Hano OM, Martínez PA, Kourí V. Molecular evidence of high-risk human papillomavirus infection in colorectal tumours from Cuban patients. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2016; 111:731-736. [PMID: 27812599 PMCID: PMC5146735 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760160217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The association between colorectal cancer and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is still unproven. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) DNA in colorectal tissues from Cuban patients. A total of 63 colorectal formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues were studied (24 adenocarcinoma, 18 adenoma, and 21 colorectal tissues classified as benign colitis). DNA from colorectal samples was analysed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction to detect the most clinically relevant high HR-HPV types (HPV-16, -18, -31, -33, -45, -52, and -58). Associations between histologic findings and other risk factors were also analysed. Overall, HPV DNA was detected in 23.8% (15/63) of the samples studied. Viral infections were detected in 41.7% of adenocarcinoma (10/24) and 27.7% of adenoma cases (5/18). HPV DNA was not found in any of the negative cases. An association between histological diagnosis of adenocarcinoma and HPV infection was observed (odd ratio = 4.85, 95% confidence interval = 1.40-16.80, p = 0.009). The only genotypes identified were HPV 16 and 33. Viral loads were higher in adenocarcinoma, and these cases were associated with HPV 16. This study provides molecular evidence of HR-HPV infection in colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues from Cuban patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudira Soto
- Institute of Tropical Medicine Pedro Kourí, Department of Virology,
Laboratory of Sexually Transmitted Diseases,La Habana, Cuba
| | - Celia Maria Limia
- Institute of Tropical Medicine Pedro Kourí, Department of Virology,
Laboratory of Sexually Transmitted Diseases,La Habana, Cuba
| | | | | | | | - Pedro Ariel Martínez
- Institute of Tropical Medicine Pedro Kourí, Department of Virology,
Laboratory of Sexually Transmitted Diseases,La Habana, Cuba
| | - Vivian Kourí
- Institute of Tropical Medicine Pedro Kourí, Department of Virology,
Laboratory of Sexually Transmitted Diseases,La Habana, Cuba
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14
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Chen Z, Jing Y, Wen Q, Ding X, Zhang S, Wang T, Zhang Y, Zhang J. L1 and L2 gene polymorphisms in HPV-58 and HPV-33: implications for vaccine design and diagnosis. Virol J 2016; 13:167. [PMID: 27717385 PMCID: PMC5055703 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-016-0629-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cervical cancer is associated with infection by certain subtypes of human papillomavirus (HPV). The L1 protein comprising HPV vaccine formulations elicits high-titre neutralizing antibodies and confers protection against specific HPV subtypes. HPV L2 protein is an attractive candidate for cross-protective vaccines. HPV-33 and HPV-58 are very prevalent among Chinese women. Methods To study the gene intratypic variations and polymorphisms of HPV-33 and HPV-58 L1/L2 in Sichuan China, HPV-33 and HPV-58 L1 and L2 genes were sequenced and compared with other genes submitted to GenBank. Phylogenetic trees were constructed by maximum-likelihood and the Kimura 2-parameters methods (MEGA 6). The secondary structure was analyzed by PSIPred software, and HPV-33 and HPV-58 L1 homology models were created by SWISS-MODEL software. The selection pressures acting on the L1/L2 genes were estimated by PAML 4.8. Results Among 124 HPV-33 L1 sequences 20 single nucleotide mutations were observed included 8/20 non-synonymous and 12/20 synonymous mutations. The 101 HPV-33 L2 sequences included 12 single nucleotide mutations comprising 7/12 non-synonymous and 5/12 synonymous mutations. The 223 HPV-58 L1 sequences included 32 single nucleotide mutations comprising 9/32 non-synonymous and 23/32 synonymous mutations. The 201 HPV-58 L2 sequences comprised 26 single nucleotide mutations including 9/26 non-synonymous and 17/26 synonymous mutations. Selective pressure analysis showed that most of the common non-synonymous mutations showed a positive selection. HPV-33 and HPV-58 L2 were more stable than HPV-33 and HPV-58 L1. Conclusions HPV-33 and HPV-58 L2 were better candidates as clinical diagnostic targets compared with HPV-33 and HPV-58 L1. Clinical diagnostic probes and second-generation polyvalent vaccines should be designed on the basis of the unique sequence of HPV-33 and 58 L1/L2 variations in Sichuan, to improve the accuracy of clinical detection and the protective efficiency of vaccines. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12985-016-0629-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuyi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education; Institute of Medical Genetics, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Bio-resource Research and Utilization Joint Key Laboratory of Sichuan and Chongqing, Sichuan and Chongqing, China
| | - Yaling Jing
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education; Institute of Medical Genetics, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Bio-resource Research and Utilization Joint Key Laboratory of Sichuan and Chongqing, Sichuan and Chongqing, China
| | - Qiang Wen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education; Institute of Medical Genetics, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Bio-resource Research and Utilization Joint Key Laboratory of Sichuan and Chongqing, Sichuan and Chongqing, China
| | - Xianping Ding
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education; Institute of Medical Genetics, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. .,Bio-resource Research and Utilization Joint Key Laboratory of Sichuan and Chongqing, Sichuan and Chongqing, China.
| | - Shun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education; Institute of Medical Genetics, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Bio-resource Research and Utilization Joint Key Laboratory of Sichuan and Chongqing, Sichuan and Chongqing, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education; Institute of Medical Genetics, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Bio-resource Research and Utilization Joint Key Laboratory of Sichuan and Chongqing, Sichuan and Chongqing, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education; Institute of Medical Genetics, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Bio-resource Research and Utilization Joint Key Laboratory of Sichuan and Chongqing, Sichuan and Chongqing, China
| | - Jianhui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education; Institute of Medical Genetics, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Bio-resource Research and Utilization Joint Key Laboratory of Sichuan and Chongqing, Sichuan and Chongqing, China
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15
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Zhao Y, Li L, Ma D, Luo J, Ma Z, Wang X, Pan Y, Chen J, Xi J, Yang J, Qiu L, Bai C, Jiang L, Shan X, Sun Q. Molecular Characterization and Viral Origin of the 2015 Dengue Outbreak in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34444. [PMID: 27681163 PMCID: PMC5041078 DOI: 10.1038/srep34444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 1067 serum samples were collected from febrile patients in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, 2015. Of these, 852 cases were confirmed to be dengue NS1-positive. 76 structural protein genes were sequenced through RT-PCR based on the viral RNAs extracted from serum samples. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all strains were classified as cosmopolitan genotype of DENV-2. After comparing with the DENV-2SS, 173 base substitutions were found in 76 sequences, resulting in 43 nonsynonymous mutations, of which 22 mutations existed among all samples. According to secondary structure prediction, 8 new possible nucelotide/protein binding sites were found and another 4 sites were lost among the 775 amino acids of DENV structural proteins as compared with DENV-2SS. Meanwhile, 6 distinct amino acid changes were found in the helix and strand regions, and the distribution of the exposed and buried regions was slightly altered. The results indicated that the epidemic dengue strains of Xishuangbanna in 2015 are most similar to the Indian strain in 2001 and the Sri Lankan strain in 2004. Moreover, it also show a very strong similarity to the epidemic strains of Fujian province in 1999 and 2010, which show that there is an internal recycling epidemic trend of DENV in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Zhao
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, PR China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research &Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming 650118, PR China
| | - Lihua Li
- Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture People's Hospital, Jinghong 666100, PR China
| | - Dehong Ma
- Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture People's Hospital, Jinghong 666100, PR China
| | - Jia Luo
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, PR China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research &Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming 650118, PR China
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Ma
- Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture People's Hospital, Jinghong 666100, PR China
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, PR China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research &Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming 650118, PR China
| | - Yue Pan
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, PR China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research &Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming 650118, PR China
| | - Junying Chen
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, PR China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research &Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming 650118, PR China
| | - Juemin Xi
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, PR China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research &Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming 650118, PR China
| | - Jiajia Yang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, PR China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research &Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming 650118, PR China
| | - Lijuan Qiu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, PR China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research &Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming 650118, PR China
| | - Chunhai Bai
- Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture People's Hospital, Jinghong 666100, PR China
| | - Liming Jiang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, PR China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research &Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming 650118, PR China
| | - Xiyun Shan
- Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture People's Hospital, Jinghong 666100, PR China
| | - Qiangming Sun
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, PR China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research &Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming 650118, PR China
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16
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Zandnia F, Doosti A, Mokhtari-Farsani A, Kardi MT, Movafagh A. Application of multiplex PCR for Rapid and sensitive detection of human papillomaviruses in cervical cancer. Pak J Med Sci 2016; 32:444-7. [PMID: 27182258 PMCID: PMC4859041 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.322.8582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Reffering to an increase in cervical cancer in the recent years, rapid, sensitive and economical detection of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) as causative agents of cervical cancer is important. The traditional methods for the detection of HPVs in cervical cancer, such as pap smear, suffer from limitation and PCR has a potential to overcome the limitaitons. The purpose of present research work was to identify the five important strains of HPV (16, 18, 31, 33 and 45) simultaneously by Multiplex PCR application. Methods: Study was done on 100 cervical lesions of women. DNA was extracted from specimens by a genomic DNA purification kit. A 5-plex PCR was developed for the simultaneous detection of major HPV. Five pair of new primers was designed for detection of HPV 16, 18, 31, 33 and 45 by Multiplex PCR. Results: Among the 100 evaluated samples, 82 were found positive to HPVs. In the meantime the highest rate of infection was for HPV 16. Also 30 of HPV positive samples had infections with two or more HPV types. Conclusion: Multiplex PCR assay used in present study can provide a rapid, sensitive and economical method for detection of viral infections and is applicable to small volumes of vaginal samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fateme Zandnia
- Fateme Zandnia, Biotechnology Research Center, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord Branch, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Abbas Doosti
- Abbas Doosti, Biotechnology Research Center, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord Branch, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Abbas Mokhtari-Farsani
- Abbas Mokhtari-Farsani, Young Researchers and Elite Club, Biotechnology Research Center, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord Branch, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghi Kardi
- Mohammad Taghi Kardi, Department of Biology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Movafagh
- Abolfazl Movafagh, Department of Medical Genetics, Pediatric Neurology Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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King AJ, Sonsma JA, Vriend HJ, van der Sande MAB, Feltkamp MC, Boot HJ, Koopmans MPG. Genetic Diversity in the Major Capsid L1 Protein of HPV-16 and HPV-18 in the Netherlands. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152782. [PMID: 27070907 PMCID: PMC4829201 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Intratypic molecular variants of human papillomavirus (HPV) type-16 and -18 exist. In the Netherlands, a bivalent vaccine, composed of recombinant L1 proteins from HPV-16 and -18, is used to prevent cervical cancer since 2009. Long-term vaccination could lead to changes in HPV-16 and -18 virus population, thereby hampering vaccination strategies. We determined the genetic diversity of the L1 gene in HPV-16 and -18 viral strains circulating in the Netherlands at the start of vaccination in order to understand the baseline genetic diversity in the Dutch population. Methods DNA sequences of the L1 gene were determined in HPV-16 (n = 241) and HPV-18 (n = 108) positive anogenital samples collected in 2009 and 2011 among Dutch 16- to 24-year old female and male attendees of the sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinics. Phylogenetic analysis was performed and sequences were compared to reference sequences HPV-16 (AF536179) and HPV-18 (X05015) using BioNumerics 7.1. Results For HPV-16, ninety-five single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) were identified, twenty–seven (28%) were non-synonymous variations. For HPV-18, seventy-one SNPs were identified, twenty-nine (41%) were non-synonymous. The majority of the non-silent variations were located in sequences encoding alpha helix, beta sheet or surface loops, in particular in the immunodominant FG loop, and may influence the protein secondary structure and immune recognition. Conclusions This study provides unique pre-vaccination/baseline data on the genetic L1 diversity of HPV-16 and -18 viruses circulating in the Netherlands among adolescents and young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey J. King
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Jan A. Sonsma
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Henrike J. Vriend
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Marianne A. B. van der Sande
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Julius Centre for Primary Care and Public Health, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mariet C. Feltkamp
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hein J. Boot
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Marion P. G. Koopmans
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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Zhang Y, Cao M, Wang M, Ding X, Jing Y, Chen Z, Ma T, Chen H. Genetic variability in E6, E7, and L1 genes of human papillomavirus genotype 52 from Southwest China. Gene 2016; 585:110-118. [PMID: 26968892 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the major causative agent of cervical cancer, which accounts for the second highest cancer burden in women worldwide. HPV-52, the prevalent subtype in Asia, especially in southwest China, was analyzed in this study. To analyze polymorphisms, intratypic variants, and genetic variability in the E6-E7 (n=26) and L1 (n=53) genes of HPV-52, these genes were sequenced and the sequences were submitted to GenBank. Phylogenetic trees were constructed using the neighbor-joining and Kimura 2-parameters methods, followed by analysis of the diversity of secondary structure. Finally, we estimated the selection pressures acting on the E6-E7 and L1 genes. Fifty-one novel variants of HPV-52 L1, and two novel variants of HPV-52 E6-E7 were identified in this study. Thirty single nucleotide changes were observed in HPV-52 E6-E7 sequences with 19/30 non-synonymous mutations and 11/30 synonymous mutations (five in the alpha helix and five in the beta sheet). Fifty-five single nucleotide changes were observed in HPV-52 L1 sequences with 17/55 non-synonymous mutations (seven in the alpha helix and fourteen in the beta sheet) and 38/55 synonymous mutations. Selective pressure analysis predicted that most of these mutations reflect positive selection. Identifying new variants in HPV-52 may inform the rational design of new vaccines specifically for women in southwest China. Knowledge of genetic variation in HPV may be useful as an epidemiologic correlate of cervical cancer risk, or may even provide critical information for developing diagnostic probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education; Institute of Medical Genetics, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, China; Bio-resource Research and Utilization Joint Key Laboratory of Sichuan and Chongqing, Sichuan, Chongqing, China.
| | - Man Cao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education; Institute of Medical Genetics, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, China; Bio-resource Research and Utilization Joint Key Laboratory of Sichuan and Chongqing, Sichuan, Chongqing, China.
| | - Mengting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education; Institute of Medical Genetics, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, China; Bio-resource Research and Utilization Joint Key Laboratory of Sichuan and Chongqing, Sichuan, Chongqing, China.
| | - Xianping Ding
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education; Institute of Medical Genetics, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, China; Bio-resource Research and Utilization Joint Key Laboratory of Sichuan and Chongqing, Sichuan, Chongqing, China.
| | - Yaling Jing
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education; Institute of Medical Genetics, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, China; Bio-resource Research and Utilization Joint Key Laboratory of Sichuan and Chongqing, Sichuan, Chongqing, China.
| | - Zuyi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education; Institute of Medical Genetics, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, China; Bio-resource Research and Utilization Joint Key Laboratory of Sichuan and Chongqing, Sichuan, Chongqing, China.
| | - Tengjiao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education; Institute of Medical Genetics, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, China; Bio-resource Research and Utilization Joint Key Laboratory of Sichuan and Chongqing, Sichuan, Chongqing, China.
| | - Honghan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education; Institute of Medical Genetics, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, China; Bio-resource Research and Utilization Joint Key Laboratory of Sichuan and Chongqing, Sichuan, Chongqing, China.
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Wu H, Wu E, Ma L, Zhang G, Shi Y, Huang J, Zha X. Lineage distribution and E2 sequence variation of high-risk human papillomavirus types isolated from patients with cervical cancer in Sichuan province, China. Arch Virol 2015; 160:2845-55. [PMID: 26303138 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-015-2559-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
To explore the nucleotide sequence variability of the E2 gene in high-risk HPV types in cervical cancer patients from Sichuan province, China, the E2 genes of eight high-risk HPV types were amplified and sequenced. Several novel nucleotide substitutions and deletions were observed. The lineages to which the isolates belonged were determined by phylogenetic analysis, employing the sequence of the representative lineages/sublineages in the coherent classification and nomenclature system as references. This study updates the lineage distribution data on high-risk HPV types in Southwest China and helps broaden understanding of the polymorphism of the E2 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijing Wu
- Department of Gynecol Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Enqi Wu
- State Nationalities Affairs Commission and Department of Educational Key Lab of Minority Traditional Medicine, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Lin Ma
- Health Science Center, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
| | - Guonan Zhang
- Department of Gynecol Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Yu Shi
- Department of Gynecol Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Jianming Huang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Xiao Zha
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Prevalence of human papillomavirus variants and genetic diversity in the L1 gene and long control region of HPV16, HPV31, and HPV58 found in North-East Brazil. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:130828. [PMID: 25793187 PMCID: PMC4352477 DOI: 10.1155/2015/130828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study showed the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) variants as well as nucleotide changes within L1 gene and LCR of the HPV16, HPV31, and HPV58 found in cervical lesions of women from North-East Brazil.
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Natphopsuk S, Settheetham-Ishida W, Pientong C, Sinawat S, Yuenyao P, Ishida T, Settheetham D. Human papillomavirus genotypes and cervical cancer in northeast Thailand. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 14:6961-4. [PMID: 24377633 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.11.6961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a major cause of cervical cancer. More than 100 HPV genotypes have been identified; however the distribution varies geographically and according to ethnicity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and distribution of HPV subtypes among Northeast Thai women. Subjects included 198 cases of SCCA and 198 age-matched, healthy controls. HPV-DNA was amplified by PCR using the consensus primers GP5+/6+ system followed by reverse line blot hybridization genotyping. The prevalence of high-risk HPV infection was 21 (10.1%) and 152 (76.8%) in the controls and in the cases, respectively. High-risk HPV significantly increased the risk for cervical cancer with an OR of 42.4 (95%CI: 22.4-81.4, p<0.001) and an adjusted OR of 40.7-fold (95%CI: 21.5-76.8, p <0.001). HPV-16 was the most prevalent HPV type in the SCCA (56.2%) followed by HPV-58 (17.8%) and HPV-18 (13.6%); whereas HPV-58 (46.4%) was a prominent genotype in the controls followed by HPV-16 (39.3%) and unidentified HPV types (25.0%). These findings indicate that HPV infection remains a critical risk factor for SCCA; particularly, HPV-16, HPV-58 and HPV-18. In order to eradicate cervical cancer, sustained health education, promoted use of prophylactics and a HPV-58 vaccine should be introduced in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitakan Natphopsuk
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand E-mail :
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