1
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de Ávila C, Suazo C, Nolz J, Nicholas Cochran J, Wang Q, Velazquez R, Dammer E, Readhead B, Mastroeni D. Reduced PIN1 expression in neocortical and limbic brain regions in female Alzheimer's patients correlates with cognitive and neuropathological phenotypes. Neurobiol Aging 2024; 141:160-170. [PMID: 38964013 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2024.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Women have a higher incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD), even after adjusting for increased longevity. Thus, there is an urgent need to identify genes that underpin sex-associated risk of AD. PIN1 is a key regulator of the tau phosphorylation signaling pathway; however, potential differences in PIN1 expression, in males and females, are still unknown. We analyzed brain transcriptomic datasets focusing on sex differences in PIN1 mRNA levels in an aging and AD cohort, which revealed reduced PIN1 levels primarily within females. We validated this observation in an independent dataset (ROS/MAP), which also revealed that PIN1 is negatively correlated with multiregional neurofibrillary tangle density and global cognitive function in females only. Additional analysis revealed a decrease in PIN1 in subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) compared with aged individuals, again driven predominantly by female subjects. Histochemical analysis of PIN1 in AD and control male and female neocortex revealed an overall decrease in axonal PIN1 protein levels in females. These findings emphasize the importance of considering sex differences in AD research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila de Ávila
- ASU-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Crystal Suazo
- ASU-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Jennifer Nolz
- ASU-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - J Nicholas Cochran
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, 601 Genome Way, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA
| | - Qi Wang
- ASU-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Ramon Velazquez
- ASU-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Eric Dammer
- Goizueta Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Benjamin Readhead
- ASU-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Diego Mastroeni
- ASU-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
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2
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Lu KP, Zhou XZ. Pin1-catalyzed conformational regulation after phosphorylation: A distinct checkpoint in cell signaling and drug discovery. Sci Signal 2024; 17:eadi8743. [PMID: 38889227 PMCID: PMC11409840 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.adi8743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is one of the most common mechanisms regulating cellular signaling pathways, and many kinases and phosphatases are proven drug targets. Upon phosphorylation, protein functions can be further regulated by the distinct isomerase Pin1 through cis-trans isomerization. Numerous protein targets and many important roles have now been elucidated for Pin1. However, no tools are available to detect or target cis and trans conformation events in cells. The development of Pin1 inhibitors and stereo- and phospho-specific antibodies has revealed that cis and trans conformations have distinct and often opposing cellular functions. Aberrant conformational changes due to the dysregulation of Pin1 can drive pathogenesis but can be effectively targeted in age-related diseases, including cancers and neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we review advances in understanding the roles of Pin1 signaling in health and disease and highlight conformational regulation as a distinct signal transduction checkpoint in disease development and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Ping Lu
- Departments of Biochemistry and Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry
| | - Xiao Zhen Zhou
- Departments of Biochemistry and Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry
- Lawson Health Research Institute, Western University, London, ON N6G 2V4, Canada
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3
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Jeong J, Usman M, Li Y, Zhou XZ, Lu KP. Pin1-Catalyzed Conformation Changes Regulate Protein Ubiquitination and Degradation. Cells 2024; 13:731. [PMID: 38727267 PMCID: PMC11083468 DOI: 10.3390/cells13090731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The unique prolyl isomerase Pin1 binds to and catalyzes cis-trans conformational changes of specific Ser/Thr-Pro motifs after phosphorylation, thereby playing a pivotal role in regulating the structure and function of its protein substrates. In particular, Pin1 activity regulates the affinity of a substrate for E3 ubiquitin ligases, thereby modulating the turnover of a subset of proteins and coordinating their activities after phosphorylation in both physiological and disease states. In this review, we highlight recent advancements in Pin1-regulated ubiquitination in the context of cancer and neurodegenerative disease. Specifically, Pin1 promotes cancer progression by increasing the stabilities of numerous oncoproteins and decreasing the stabilities of many tumor suppressors. Meanwhile, Pin1 plays a critical role in different neurodegenerative disorders via the regulation of protein turnover. Finally, we propose a novel therapeutic approach wherein the ubiquitin-proteasome system can be leveraged for therapy by targeting pathogenic intracellular targets for TRIM21-dependent degradation using stereospecific antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Jeong
- Departments of Biochemistry and Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; (J.J.)
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Departments of Biochemistry and Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; (J.J.)
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Yitong Li
- Departments of Biochemistry and Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; (J.J.)
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Xiao Zhen Zhou
- Departments of Biochemistry and Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; (J.J.)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, Western University, London, ON N6C 2R5, Canada
| | - Kun Ping Lu
- Departments of Biochemistry and Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; (J.J.)
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
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4
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Habara M, Shimada M. Estrogen receptor α revised: Expression, structure, function, and stability. Bioessays 2022; 44:e2200148. [PMID: 36192154 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202200148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor α (ERα) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor that regulates the expression of estrogen-responsive genes. Approximately 70% of patients with breast cancer are ERα positive. Estrogen stimulates cancer cell proliferation and contributes to tumor progression. Endocrine therapies, which suppress the ERα signaling pathway, significantly improve the prognosis of patients with breast cancer. However, the development of de novo or acquired endocrine therapy resistance remains a barrier to breast cancer treatment. Therefore, understanding the regulatory mechanisms of ERα is essential to overcome the resistance to treatment. This review focuses on the regulation of ERα expression, including copy number variation, epigenetic regulation, transcriptional regulation, and stability, as well as functions from the point of view post-translational modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Habara
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Midori Shimada
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi, Japan
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5
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Targeting prolyl isomerase Pin1 as a promising strategy to overcome resistance to cancer therapies. Pharmacol Res 2022; 184:106456. [PMID: 36116709 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The development of tumor therapeutic resistance is one of the important reasons for the failure of antitumor therapy. Starting with multiple targets and multiple signaling pathways is helpful in understanding the mechanism of tumor resistance. The overexpression of prolyl isomerase Pin1 is highly correlated with the malignancy of cancer, since Pin1 controls many oncogenes and tumor suppressors, as well as a variety of cancer-driving signaling pathways. Strikingly, numerous studies have shown that Pin1 is directly involved in therapeutic resistance. In this review, we mainly summarize the functions and mechanisms of Pin1 in therapeutic resistance of multifarious cancers, such as breast, liver, and pancreatic carcinomas. Furtherly, from the perspective of Pin1-driven cancer signaling pathways including Raf/MEK/ERK, PI3K/Akt, Wnt/β-catenin, NF-κB, as well as Pin1 inhibitors containing juglone, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO), it is better to demonstrate the important potential role and mechanism of Pin1 in resistance and sensitization to cancer therapies. It will provide new therapeutic approaches for clinical reversal and prevention of tumor resistance by employing synergistic administration of Pin1 inhibitors and chemotherapeutics, implementing combination therapy of Pin1-related cancer signaling pathway inhibitors and Pin1 inhibitors, and exploiting novel Pin1-specific inhibitors.
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6
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Poli G, Di Stefano M, Estevez JA, Minutolo F, Granchi C, Giordano A, Parisi S, Mauceri M, Canzonieri V, Macchia M, Caligiuri I, Tuccinardi T, Rizzolio F. New PIN1 inhibitors identified through a pharmacophore-driven, hierarchical consensus docking strategy. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 37:145-150. [PMID: 34894990 PMCID: PMC8667921 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1979970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
PIN1 is considered as a therapeutic target for a wide variety of tumours. However, most of known inhibitors are devoid of cellular activity despite their good enzyme inhibitory profile. Hence, the lack of effective compounds for the clinic makes the identification of novel PIN1 inhibitors a hot topic in the medicinal chemistry field. In this work, we reported a virtual screening study for the identification of new promising PIN1 inhibitors. A receptor-based procedure was applied to screen different chemical databases of commercial compounds. Based on the whole workflow, two compounds were selected and biologically evaluated. Both ligands, compounds VS1 and VS2, showed a good enzyme inhibitory activity and VS2 also demonstrated a promising antitumoral activity in ovarian cancer cells. These results confirmed the reliability of our in silico protocol and provided a structurally novel ligand as a valuable starting point for the development of new PIN1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Poli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Antonio Giordano
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Salvatore Parisi
- Pathology Unit, CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Matteo Mauceri
- Pathology Unit, CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy.,Department of Molecular Science and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venezia, Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Canzonieri
- Pathology Unit, CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy.,Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Marco Macchia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Isabella Caligiuri
- Pathology Unit, CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Tiziano Tuccinardi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Pathology Unit, CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy.,Department of Molecular Science and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venezia, Venezia-Mestre, Italy
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7
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da Costa KS, Galúcio JM, de Jesus DA, Gomes GC, Lima E Lima AH, Taube PS, Dos Santos AM, Lameira J. Targeting Peptidyl-prolyl Cis-trans Isomerase NIMA-interacting 1: A Structure-based Virtual Screening Approach to Find Novel Inhibitors. Curr Comput Aided Drug Des 2021; 16:605-617. [PMID: 31654518 DOI: 10.2174/1573409915666191025114009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1 (Pin1) is an enzyme that isomerizes phosphorylated serine or threonine motifs adjacent to proline residues. Pin1 has important roles in several cellular signaling pathways, consequently impacting the development of multiple types of cancers. METHODS Based on the previously reported inhibitory activity of pentacyclic triterpenoids isolated from the gum resin of Boswellia genus against Pin1, we designed a computational experiment using molecular docking, pharmacophore filtering, and structural clustering allied to molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and binding free energy calculations to explore the inhibitory activity of new triterpenoids against Pin1 structure. RESULTS Here, we report different computational evidence that triterpenoids from neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss), such as 6-deacetylnimbinene, 6-Oacetylnimbandiol, and nimbolide, replicate the binding mode of the Pin1 substrate peptide, interacting with high affinity with the binding site and thus destabilizing the Pin1 structure. CONCLUSIONS Our results are supported by experimental data, and provide interesting structural insights into their molecular mechanism of action, indicating that their structural scaffolds could be used as a start point to develop new inhibitors against Pin1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kauê Santana da Costa
- Institute of Biodiversity, Federal University of Western Para, Santarem, Para, Brazil
| | - João M Galúcio
- Institute of Biodiversity, Federal University of Western Para, Santarem, Para, Brazil
| | | | - Guelber Cardoso Gomes
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Para, 66075-110, Belem, Para, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo S Taube
- Institute of Biodiversity, Federal University of Western Para, Santarem, Para, Brazil
| | - Alberto M Dos Santos
- Institute of Biodiversity, Federal University of Western Para, Santarem, Para, Brazil
| | - Jerônimo Lameira
- Institute of Biological Sciences. Federal University of Para, 66075-110, Belem, Para, Brazil
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8
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Russo Spena C, De Stefano L, Poli G, Granchi C, El Boustani M, Ecca F, Grassi G, Grassi M, Canzonieri V, Giordano A, Tuccinardi T, Caligiuri I, Rizzolio F. Virtual screening identifies a PIN1 inhibitor with possible antiovarian cancer effects. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:15708-15716. [PMID: 30697729 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase, NIMA-interacting 1 (PIN1) is a peptidyl-prolyl isomerase that binds phospho-Ser/Thr-Pro motifs in proteins and catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of proline peptide bonds. PIN1 is overexpressed in several cancers including high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Since few therapies are effective against this cancer, PIN1 could be a therapeutic target but effective PIN1 inhibitors are lacking. To identify molecules with in vivo inhibitory effects on PIN1, we used consensus docking to model existing PIN1-ligand X-ray structures and to screen a chemical database for candidate inhibitors. Ten molecules were selected and tested in cellular assays, leading to the identification of VS10 that bound and inhibited PIN1. VS10 treatment reduced the viability of ovarian cancer cell lines by inducing proteasomal PIN1 degradation, without effects on PIN1 transcription, and also reduced the levels of downstream targets β-catenin, cyclin D1, and pSer473-Akt. VS10 is a selective PIN1 inhibitor that may offer new opportunities for treating PIN1-overexpressing tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Russo Spena
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS CRO Aviano-National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy.,Doctoral School in Chemistry, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Lucia De Stefano
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS CRO Aviano-National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy.,Doctoral School in Chemistry, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giulio Poli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Maguie El Boustani
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS CRO Aviano-National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy.,Doctoral School in Molecular Biomedicine, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Ecca
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, IRCCS CRO Aviano-National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Gabriele Grassi
- Department of Life Sciences, Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Mario Grassi
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Canzonieri
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS CRO Aviano-National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy.,Center for Biotechnology, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Center for Biotechnology, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Tiziano Tuccinardi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Center for Biotechnology, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Isabella Caligiuri
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS CRO Aviano-National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS CRO Aviano-National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy.,Center for Biotechnology, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venezia-Mestre, Italy
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9
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Tuccinardi T, Rizzolio F. Editorial: Peptidyl-Prolyl Isomerases in Human Pathologies. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:794. [PMID: 31354501 PMCID: PMC6637298 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Department of Translational Research, Pathology Unit, National Cancer Institute-CRO-IRCSS, Aviano, Italy.,Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venezia, Venice, Italy
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10
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Zhang Z, Yu W, Zheng M, Liao X, Wang J, Yang D, Lu W, Wang L, Zhang S, Liu H, Zhou XZ, Lu KP. Pin1 inhibition potently suppresses gastric cancer growth and blocks PI3K/AKT and Wnt/β-catenin oncogenic pathways. Mol Carcinog 2019; 58:1450-1464. [PMID: 31026381 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality and the fourth most common cancer globally. High intratumor heterogeneity of advanced gastric cancer poses great challenges to targeted therapy due to simultaneous activation of many redundant cancer-driving pathways. A central common signaling mechanism in cancer is proline-directed phosphorylation, which is further regulated by the unique proline isomerase Pin1. Pin1 inhibition exerts anticancer activity by blocking multiple cancer-driving pathways in some cancers, but its role in gastric cancer is not fully understood. Here we detected Pin1 protein expression in 1065 gastric cancer patients and paired normal tissues using immunohistochemistry and Western blot, and then examined the effects of Pin1 overexpression, and genetic and chemical Pin1 inhibition using Pin1 short hairpin RNA or small molecule inhibitor all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on tumorigenesis of human gastric cancer in vitro and in vivo, followed by biochemical analyses to elucidate Pin1 regulated oncogenic pathways. We found that Pin1 was significantly overexpressed in primary and metastasized tumors, with Pin1 overexpression being correlated with advanced stage and poor prognosis. Furthermore, whereas Pin1 overexpression promoted the transformed phenotype in immortalized and nontransformed human gastric cells, either genetic or chemical Pin1 inhibition in multiple human gastric cancer cells potently suppressed cell growth, G1/S transition and colony formation in vitro, as well as tumor growth in xenograft tumor models in vivo, which were further supported by downregulation of multiple key oncoproteins in PI3K/AKT and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. These results not only provide the first evidence for a critical role of Pin1 in the tumorigenesis of gastric cancer but also suggest that targeting Pin1 using ATRA or other inhibitors offers an effective new therapeutic approach for treating advanced gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Weixing Yu
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Min Zheng
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xinhua Liao
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jichuang Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Dayun Yang
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wenxian Lu
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Long Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Hekun Liu
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiao Zhen Zhou
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Medicine and Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kun Ping Lu
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Medicine and Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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11
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Zannini A, Rustighi A, Campaner E, Del Sal G. Oncogenic Hijacking of the PIN1 Signaling Network. Front Oncol 2019; 9:94. [PMID: 30873382 PMCID: PMC6401644 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular choices are determined by developmental and environmental stimuli through integrated signal transduction pathways. These critically depend on attainment of proper activation levels that in turn rely on post-translational modifications (PTMs) of single pathway members. Among these PTMs, post-phosphorylation prolyl-isomerization mediated by PIN1 represents a unique mechanism of spatial, temporal and quantitative control of signal transduction. Indeed PIN1 was shown to be crucial for determining activation levels of several pathways and biological outcomes downstream to a plethora of stimuli. Of note, studies performed in different model organisms and humans have shown that hormonal, nutrient, and oncogenic stimuli simultaneously affect both PIN1 activity and the pathways that depend on PIN1-mediated prolyl-isomerization, suggesting the existence of evolutionarily conserved molecular circuitries centered on this isomerase. This review focuses on molecular mechanisms and cellular processes like proliferation, metabolism, and stem cell fate, that are regulated by PIN1 in physiological conditions, discussing how these are subverted in and hijacked by cancer cells. Current status and open questions regarding the use of PIN1 as biomarker and target for cancer therapy as well as clinical development of PIN1 inhibitors are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Zannini
- National Laboratory CIB, Trieste, Italy.,Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alessandra Rustighi
- National Laboratory CIB, Trieste, Italy.,Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Giannino Del Sal
- National Laboratory CIB, Trieste, Italy.,Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.,IFOM - Istituto FIRC Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy
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12
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Kim G, Bhattarai PY, Choi HS. Peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1 as a molecular target in breast cancer: a therapeutic perspective of gynecological cancer. Arch Pharm Res 2019; 42:128-139. [PMID: 30684192 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-019-01122-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1 (PIN1) induces conformational and functional changes to numerous key signaling molecules following proline-directed phosphorylation and its deregulation contributes to disease, particularly cancer. PIN1 is overexpressed in breast cancer, promoting cell proliferation and transformation in collaboration with several oncogenic signaling pathways, and is correlated with a poor clinical outcome. PIN1 level is also increased in certain gynecological cancers such as cervical, ovarian, and endometrial cancers. Although women with breast cancer are at risk of developing a second primary gynecological malignancy, particularly of the endometrium and ovary, the common oncogenic signaling pathway mediated by PIN1 has not been noted to date. This review discusses the roles of PIN1 in breast tumorigenesis and gynecological cancer progression, as well as the clinical effect of targeting this enzyme in breast and gynecological cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garam Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, 309 Philmundaero, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Poshan Yugal Bhattarai
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, 309 Philmundaero, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Seok Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, 309 Philmundaero, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea.
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13
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El Boustani M, De Stefano L, Caligiuri I, Mouawad N, Granchi C, Canzonieri V, Tuccinardi T, Giordano A, Rizzolio F. A Guide to PIN1 Function and Mutations Across Cancers. Front Pharmacol 2019; 9:1477. [PMID: 30723410 PMCID: PMC6349750 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PIN1 is a member of a family of peptidylprolyl isomerases that bind phosphoproteins and catalyze the rapid cis-trans isomerization of proline peptidyl bonds, resulting in an alteration of protein structure, function, and stability. PIN1 is overexpressed in human cancers, suggesting it promotes tumorigenesis, but depending on the cellular context, it also acts as a tumor suppressor. Here, we review the role of PIN1 in cancer and the regulation of PIN1 expression, and catalog the single nucleotide polymorphisms, and mutations in PIN1 gene associated with cancer. In addition, we provide a 3D model of the protein to localize the mutated residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maguie El Boustani
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS CRO Aviano-National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy.,Doctoral School in Molecular Biomedicine, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Lucia De Stefano
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS CRO Aviano-National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy.,Doctoral School in Chemistry, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Isabella Caligiuri
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS CRO Aviano-National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Nayla Mouawad
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS CRO Aviano-National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy.,Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Antonio Giordano
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS CRO Aviano-National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy.,Department of Molecular Science and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venice, Italy
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14
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Russo Spena C, De Stefano L, Palazzolo S, Salis B, Granchi C, Minutolo F, Tuccinardi T, Fratamico R, Crotti S, D'Aronco S, Agostini M, Corona G, Caligiuri I, Canzonieri V, Rizzolio F. Liposomal delivery of a Pin1 inhibitor complexed with cyclodextrins as new therapy for high-grade serous ovarian cancer. J Control Release 2018; 281:1-10. [PMID: 29746956 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Pin1, a prolyl isomerase that sustains tumor progression, is overexpressed in different types of malignancies. Functional inactivation of Pin1 restrains tumor growth and leaves normal cells unaffected making it an ideal pharmaceutical target. Although many studies on Pin1 have focused on malignancies that are influenced by sex hormones, studies in ovarian cancer have lagged behind. Here, we show that Pin1 is an important therapeutic target in high-grade serous epithelial ovarian cancer. Knock down of Pin1 in ovarian cancer cell lines induces apoptosis and restrains tumor growth in a syngeneic mouse model. Since specific and non-covalent Pin1 inhibitors are still limited, the first liposomal formulation of a Pin1 inhibitor was designed. The drug was efficiently encapsulated in modified cyclodextrins and remotely loaded into pegylated liposomes. This liposomal formulation accumulates preferentially in the tumor and has a desirable pharmacokinetic profile. The liposomal inhibitor was able to alter Pin1 cancer driving-pathways trough the induction of proteasome-dependent degradation of Pin1 and was found to be effective in curbing ovarian tumor growth in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Russo Spena
- Department of Translational Research, Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Biomedicine - CRO, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy; Doctoral School in Chemistry, University of Trieste, Italy
| | - Lucia De Stefano
- Department of Translational Research, Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Biomedicine - CRO, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy; Doctoral School in Chemistry, University of Trieste, Italy
| | - Stefano Palazzolo
- Department of Translational Research, Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Biomedicine - CRO, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Barbara Salis
- Doctoral School in Molecular Biomedicine, University of Trieste, Italy; Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Pathology Unit, Center for Molecular Biomedicine - CRO, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Roberto Fratamico
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sara Crotti
- Città della Speranza, Institute of Pediatric Research, Padova, Italy
| | - Sara D'Aronco
- Città della Speranza, Institute of Pediatric Research, Padova, Italy; Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, First Surgical Clinic Section, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Agostini
- Città della Speranza, Institute of Pediatric Research, Padova, Italy; Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, First Surgical Clinic Section, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Corona
- Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers Unit, Center for Molecular Biomedicine - CRO, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Isabella Caligiuri
- Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Pathology Unit, Center for Molecular Biomedicine - CRO, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Canzonieri
- Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Pathology Unit, Center for Molecular Biomedicine - CRO, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Department of Translational Research, Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Biomedicine - CRO, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy; Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University, Venezia-Mestre, Italy.
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15
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Nogués L, Palacios-García J, Reglero C, Rivas V, Neves M, Ribas C, Penela P, Mayor F. G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) in tumorigenesis and cancer progression: GPCR regulators and signaling hubs. Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 48:78-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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16
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Rustighi A, Zannini A, Campaner E, Ciani Y, Piazza S, Del Sal G. PIN1 in breast development and cancer: a clinical perspective. Cell Death Differ 2016; 24:200-211. [PMID: 27834957 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2016.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammary gland development, various stages of mammary tumorigenesis and breast cancer progression have the peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase PIN1 at their centerpiece, in virtue of the ability of this unique enzyme to fine-tune the dynamic crosstalk between multiple molecular pathways. PIN1 exerts its action by inducing conformational and functional changes on key cellular proteins, following proline-directed phosphorylation. Through this post-phosphorylation signal transduction mechanism, PIN1 controls the extent and direction of the cellular response to a variety of inputs, in physiology and disease. This review discusses PIN1's roles in normal mammary development and cancerous progression, as well as the clinical impact of targeting this enzyme in breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Rustighi
- National Laboratory CIB (LNCIB), Area Science Park, Padriciano 99, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - Alessandro Zannini
- National Laboratory CIB (LNCIB), Area Science Park, Padriciano 99, Trieste 34149, Italy.,Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via Weiss 2, Trieste 34128, Italy
| | - Elena Campaner
- National Laboratory CIB (LNCIB), Area Science Park, Padriciano 99, Trieste 34149, Italy.,Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via Weiss 2, Trieste 34128, Italy
| | - Yari Ciani
- National Laboratory CIB (LNCIB), Area Science Park, Padriciano 99, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - Silvano Piazza
- National Laboratory CIB (LNCIB), Area Science Park, Padriciano 99, Trieste 34149, Italy.,Bioinformatics Core Facility, Centre for Integrative Biology, CIBIO, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 18, 38123, Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - Giannino Del Sal
- National Laboratory CIB (LNCIB), Area Science Park, Padriciano 99, Trieste 34149, Italy.,Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via Weiss 2, Trieste 34128, Italy
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17
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Nogués L, Reglero C, Rivas V, Salcedo A, Lafarga V, Neves M, Ramos P, Mendiola M, Berjón A, Stamatakis K, Zhou XZ, Lu KP, Hardisson D, Mayor F, Penela P. G Protein-coupled Receptor Kinase 2 (GRK2) Promotes Breast Tumorigenesis Through a HDAC6-Pin1 Axis. EBioMedicine 2016; 13:132-145. [PMID: 27720394 PMCID: PMC5264252 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to oncogenic drivers, signaling nodes can critically modulate cancer-related cellular networks to strength tumor hallmarks. We identify G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) as a relevant player in breast cancer. GRK2 is up-regulated in breast cancer cell lines, in spontaneous tumors in mice, and in a proportion of invasive ductal carcinoma patients. Increased GRK2 functionality promotes the phosphorylation and activation of the Histone Deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) leading to de-acetylation of the Prolyl Isomerase Pin1, a central modulator of tumor progression, thereby enhancing its stability and functional interaction with key mitotic regulators. Interestingly, a correlation between GRK2 expression and Pin1 levels and de-acetylation status is detected in breast cancer patients. Activation of the HDAC6-Pin1 axis underlies the positive effects of GRK2 on promoting growth factor signaling, cellular proliferation and anchorage-independent growth in both luminal and basal breast cancer cells. Enhanced GRK2 levels promote tumor growth in mice, whereas GRK2 down-modulation sensitizes cells to therapeutic drugs and abrogates tumor formation. Our data suggest that GRK2 acts as an important onco-modulator by strengthening the functionality of key players in breast tumorigenesis such as HDAC6 and Pin1. Pathways commonly altered in breast cancer converge in promoting GRK2 upregulation, leading to enhanced HDAC6 functionality. The GRK2-HDAC6 module fosters cancer hallmarks by enabling de-acetylation and gain-of function of the Prolyl Isomerase Pin1. GRK2 downregulation sensitizes cells to therapeutic drugs and abrogates tumor formation in mice.
Targeting growth factors or estrogen receptors have improved the clinical outcome of certain subtypes of breast cancer, although these treatments are limited by the emergence of resistances. We uncover that G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 2(GRK2) increases in breast cancer experimental models and in certain ductal carcinoma patients, thus enhancing the transforming growth properties of both luminal and basal breast cancer cells, by augmenting the functionality of cancer-driving nodes such as Histone Deacetylase 6 and Pin1. GRK2 inhibition sensitizes breast cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents and blocks tumor growth in mice. The GRK2-HDAC6-Pin1 axis emerges as a relevant molecular signature in breast tumorigenesis and as a potential target for combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Nogués
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain; Molecular Oncology and Nutritional Genomics of Cancer, Madrid Institute of Advanced Studies-Food Institute, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Reglero
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Verónica Rivas
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Salcedo
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Vanesa Lafarga
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Neves
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Ramos
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Mendiola
- Laboratory of Pathology and Translational Oncology, Hospital la Paz Institute for Health Research, IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Berjón
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, IdiPaz, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Kostas Stamatakis
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Xiao Zhen Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, CLS 0408, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kun Ping Lu
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, CLS 0408, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - David Hardisson
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, IdiPaz, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Federico Mayor
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Petronila Penela
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
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18
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Kim G, Khanal P, Kim JY, Yun HJ, Lim SC, Shim JH, Choi HS. COT phosphorylates prolyl-isomerase Pin1 to promote tumorigenesis in breast cancer. Mol Carcinog 2015; 54:440-8. [PMID: 24265246 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Pin1, a conserved eukaryotic Peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase, has profound effects on numerous key-signaling molecules, and its deregulation contributes to disease, particularly cancer. Although Pin1-mediated prolyl isomerization is an essential and novel regulatory mechanism for protein phosphorylation, little is known about the upstream signaling pathway(s) that regulates Pin1 activity. Here, we identify MAP3K-related serine-threonine kinase (the gene encoding COT/Tpl2) as a kinase responsible for phosphorylation of Pin1 Ser16. COT interacts with and phosphorylates Pin1 on Ser16. Consequently, Pin1 Ser16 phosphorylation by COT increases cyclin D1 abundance and enhances tumorigenecity of MCF7 cells. In contrast, depletion of COT in MCF7 cells leads to downregulation of Pin1 Ser16 phosphorylation, which subsequently decrease cyclin D1 levels, inhibiting tumorigenecity of MCF7 cells. In a xenograft model, treatment of TKI, a COT inhibitor, and Juglone, a Pin1 inhibitor, abrogates tumor growth. In human breast cancer patients, immunohistochemical staining shows that Pin1 pSer16 levels are positively correlated with COT levels, providing strong evidence for an essential role of the COT/Pin1 axis in conveying oncogenic signals to promote aggressiveness in human breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garam Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
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19
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Rajbhandari P, Ozers MS, Solodin NM, Warren CL, Alarid ET. Peptidylprolyl Isomerase Pin1 Directly Enhances the DNA Binding Functions of Estrogen Receptor α. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:13749-62. [PMID: 25866209 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.621698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcriptional activity of estrogen receptor α (ERα), the key driver of breast cancer proliferation, is enhanced by multiple cellular interactions, including phosphorylation-dependent interaction with Pin1, a proline isomerase, which mediates cis-trans isomerization of the N-terminal Ser(P)(118)-Pro(119) in the intrinsically disordered AF1 (activation function 1) domain of ERα. Because both ERα and Pin1 have multiple cellular partners, it is unclear how Pin1 assists in the regulation of ERα transactivation mechanisms and whether the functional effects of Pin1 on ERα signaling are direct or indirect. Here, we tested the specific action of Pin1 on an essential step in ERα transactivation, binding to specific DNA sites. DNA binding analysis demonstrates that stable overexpression of Pin1 increases endogenous ERα DNA binding activity when activated by estrogen but not by tamoxifen or EGF. Increased DNA binding affinity is a direct effect of Pin1 on ERα because it is observed in solution-based assays with purified components. Further, our data indicate that isomerization is required for Pin1-modulation of ERα-DNA interactions. In an unbiased in vitro DNA binding microarray with hundreds of thousands of permutations of ERα-binding elements, Pin1 selectively enhances the binding affinity of ERα to consensus DNA elements. These studies reveal that Pin1 isomerization of phosphorylated ERα can directly regulate the function of the adjacent DNA binding domain, and this interaction is further modulated by ligand binding in the ligand-binding domain, providing evidence for Pin1-dependent allosteric regulation of ERα function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Rajbhandari
- From the McArdle Laboratories for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology and University of Wisconsin Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705 and
| | - Mary Szatkowski Ozers
- From the McArdle Laboratories for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology and University of Wisconsin Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705 and
| | - Natalia M Solodin
- From the McArdle Laboratories for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology and University of Wisconsin Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705 and
| | | | - Elaine T Alarid
- From the McArdle Laboratories for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology and University of Wisconsin Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705 and
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20
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Thaler S, Thiede G, Hengstler JG, Schad A, Schmidt M, Sleeman JP. The proteasome inhibitor Bortezomib (Velcade) as potential inhibitor of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Int J Cancer 2015; 137:686-97. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Thaler
- Centre for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM); Medical Faculty Mannheim; University of Heidelberg; Mannheim Germany
| | - Gitta Thiede
- Centre for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM); Medical Faculty Mannheim; University of Heidelberg; Mannheim Germany
| | - Jan G. Hengstler
- IfADo-Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo); Technical University of Dortmund; Dortmund Germany
| | - Arno Schad
- Department of Pathology; Johannes Gutenberg University; Mainz Germany
| | - Marcus Schmidt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Johannes Gutenberg University; Mainz Germany
| | - Jonathan P. Sleeman
- Centre for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM); Medical Faculty Mannheim; University of Heidelberg; Mannheim Germany
- KIT Campus Nord; Institute for Toxicology and Genetics; Karlsruhe Germany
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21
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Abstract
Proline-directed phosphorylation is a posttranslational modification that is instrumental in regulating signaling from the plasma membrane to the nucleus, and its dysregulation contributes to cancer development. Protein interacting with never in mitosis A1 (Pin1), which is overexpressed in many types of cancer, isomerizes specific phosphorylated Ser/Thr-Pro bonds in many substrate proteins, including glycolytic enzyme, protein kinases, protein phosphatases, methyltransferase, lipid kinase, ubiquitin E3 ligase, DNA endonuclease, RNA polymerase, and transcription activators and regulators. This Pin1-mediated isomerization alters the structures and activities of these proteins, thereby regulating cell metabolism, cell mobility, cell cycle progression, cell proliferation, cell survival, apoptosis and tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Lu
- 1] Brain Tumor Center and Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA [2] Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA [3] Cancer Biology Program, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Tony Hunter
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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22
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Hahm ER, Singh SV. Diallyl trisulfide inhibits estrogen receptor-α activity in human breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2014; 144:47-57. [PMID: 24487688 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-014-2841-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Organosulfur compounds from garlic effectively inhibit growth of transplanted as well as spontaneous cancers in preclinical animal models without any adverse side effects. However, the mechanisms underlying anticancer effect of this class of compounds are not fully understood. This study reports, for the first time, that garlic organosulfide diallyl trisulfide (DATS) inhibits estrogen receptor-α (ER-α) activity in human breast cancer cells. Exposure of MCF-7 and T47D cells to DATS resulted in downregulation of ER-α protein, which peaked between 12- and 24-h post-treatment. DATS was relatively more effective in suppressing ER-α protein expression compared with its mono and disulfide analogs. The 17β-estradiol (E2)-induced expression of pS2 and cyclin D1, ER-α target gene products, was also decreased in the presence of DATS. Downregulation of ER-α protein expression resulting from DATS treatment was accompanied by a decrease in nuclear levels of ER-α protein, ER-α mRNA suppression, and inhibition of ERE2e1b-luciferase reporter activity. DATS-mediated inhibition of cell viability and apoptosis induction were not affected in the presence of E2. In agreement with these results, ectopic expression of ER-α in MDA-MB-231 cell line failed to confer any protection against cell proliferation inhibition or apoptosis induction resulting from DATS exposure. DATS treatment caused a decrease in protein levels of peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (Pin1), and overexpression of Pin1 partially attenuated ER-α downregulation by DATS. DATS-induced apoptosis was modestly but significantly augmented by overexpression of Pin1. In conclusion, this study identifies ER-α as a novel target of DATS in mammary cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ryeong Hahm
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 2.32A Hillman Cancer Center Research Pavilion, 5117 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
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23
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Zhou W, Slingerland JM. Links between oestrogen receptor activation and proteolysis: relevance to hormone-regulated cancer therapy. Nat Rev Cancer 2014; 14:26-38. [PMID: 24505618 DOI: 10.1038/nrc3622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oestrogen receptor-α (ERα) is a master transcription factor that regulates cell proliferation and homeostasis in many tissues. Despite beneficial ERα functions, sustained oestrogenic exposure increases the risk and/or the progression of various cancers, including those of the breast, endometrium and ovary. Oestrogen–ERα interaction can trigger post-translational ERα modifications through crosstalk with signalling pathways to promote transcriptional activation and ubiquitin-mediated ERα proteolysis, with co-activators that have dual roles as ubiquitin ligases. These processes are reviewed herein. The elucidation of mechanisms whereby oestrogen drives both ERα transactivation and receptor proteolysis might have important therapeutic implications not only for breast cancer but also potentially for other hormone-regulated cancers.
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24
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Treviño LS, Weigel NL. Phosphorylation: a fundamental regulator of steroid receptor action. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2013; 24:515-24. [PMID: 23838532 PMCID: PMC3783573 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2013.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Steroid hormone receptors (SHRs) are hormone-activated transcription factors involved in numerous cellular functions and in health and disease. Their activities depend on the cellular level of the receptor, the presence of coregulator proteins, and the cell signaling pathways that are active in the cell. SHRs and their coregulators are phosphorylated on multiple sites by a wide variety of kinases. Each site may contribute to multiple functions and the net effect of an individual phosphorylation depends on the activating kinase. Here we discuss functions of known SHR phosphorylation sites, kinase regulation, evidence of translational relevance, and crosstalk between SHRs and cell signaling pathways. Understanding how cell signaling pathways regulate SHRs might yield novel therapeutic targets for multiple human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey S Treviño
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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