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Braverman ER, Dennen CA, Gold MS, Bowirrat A, Gupta A, Baron D, Roy AK, Smith DE, Cadet JL, Blum K. Proposing a "Brain Health Checkup (BHC)" as a Global Potential "Standard of Care" to Overcome Reward Dysregulation in Primary Care Medicine: Coupling Genetic Risk Testing and Induction of "Dopamine Homeostasis". INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:5480. [PMID: 35564876 PMCID: PMC9099927 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In 2021, over 100,000 people died prematurely from opioid overdoses. Neuropsychiatric and cognitive impairments are underreported comorbidities of reward dysregulation due to genetic antecedents and epigenetic insults. Recent genome-wide association studies involving millions of subjects revealed frequent comorbidity with substance use disorder (SUD) in a sizeable meta-analysis of depression. It found significant associations with the expression of NEGR1 in the hypothalamus and DRD2 in the nucleus accumbens, among others. However, despite the rise in SUD and neuropsychiatric illness, there are currently no standard objective brain assessments being performed on a routine basis. The rationale for encouraging a standard objective Brain Health Check (BHC) is to have extensive data available to treat clinical syndromes in psychiatric patients. The BHC would consist of a group of reliable, accurate, cost-effective, objective assessments involving the following domains: Memory, Attention, Neuropsychiatry, and Neurological Imaging. Utilizing primarily PUBMED, over 36 years of virtually all the computerized and written-based assessments of Memory, Attention, Psychiatric, and Neurological imaging were reviewed, and the following assessments are recommended for use in the BHC: Central Nervous System Vital Signs (Memory), Test of Variables of Attention (Attention), Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory III (Neuropsychiatric), and Quantitative Electroencephalogram/P300/Evoked Potential (Neurological Imaging). Finally, we suggest continuing research into incorporating a new standard BHC coupled with qEEG/P300/Evoked Potentials and genetically guided precision induction of "dopamine homeostasis" to diagnose and treat reward dysregulation to prevent the consequences of dopamine dysregulation from being epigenetically passed on to generations of our children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric R. Braverman
- The Kenneth Blum Institute on Behavior & Neurogenetics, Austin, TX 78701, USA; (E.R.B.); (C.A.D.)
| | - Catherine A. Dennen
- The Kenneth Blum Institute on Behavior & Neurogenetics, Austin, TX 78701, USA; (E.R.B.); (C.A.D.)
| | - Mark S. Gold
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA;
- Department of Psychiatry, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
| | - Abdalla Bowirrat
- Department of Molecular Biology, Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel;
| | - Ashim Gupta
- Future Biologics, Lawrenceville, GA 30043, USA;
| | - David Baron
- Division of Addiction Research & Education, Center for Psychiatry, Medicine & Primary Care (Office of Provost), Western University Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA;
| | - A. Kenison Roy
- Department of Psychiatry, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
| | - David E. Smith
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA;
| | - Jean Lud Cadet
- The Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, NIH National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA;
| | - Kenneth Blum
- The Kenneth Blum Institute on Behavior & Neurogenetics, Austin, TX 78701, USA; (E.R.B.); (C.A.D.)
- Division of Addiction Research & Education, Center for Psychiatry, Medicine & Primary Care (Office of Provost), Western University Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA;
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Tynterova A, Perepelitsa S, Golubev A. Personalized Neurophysiological and Neuropsychological Assessment of Patients with Left and Right Hemispheric Damage in Acute Ischemic Stroke. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12050554. [PMID: 35624940 PMCID: PMC9139366 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12050554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The leading factors of post-stroke disability are motor disorders and cognitive dysfunctions. The aim of the study was to identify and provide a rationale for the variable early cognitive dysfunction in right and left hemispheric damage in patients with acute stroke. The study included 80 patients diagnosed with ischemic stroke. All patients were assessed for cognitive status, depression, fatigue and anxiety. For objectification, the method of evoked potentials (P300) and neuroimaging were used. Our findings revealed distinguishing features of cognitive dysfunction and identified a combination of the most informative markers characteristic of right and left hemispheric damage in patients with acute ischemic stroke. In patients with damage to the left hemisphere, a predominance of dysregulation syndrome (decrease in executive function and attention) was revealed, accompanied by various disorders such as severe anxiety and fatigue. The causes of this cognitive dysfunction may be directly related to stroke (damage to subcortical structures), as well as to a preexisting reduction in higher mental functions associated with age and vascular conditions. Cognitive impairments in patients with lesions of the right hemisphere were characterized by polymorphism and observed in the mental praxis, speech (with predominant semantic component) and abstract thinking domains. They are closely linked to each other and are more related to the lateralization of the lesion and preexisting neurodegeneration than to the localization of the ischemic lesion. The study of P300-evoked potentials is a good tool for confirming cognitive dysfunction. The latent period of the P300 wave is more sensitive to neurodegeneration, while the amplitude factor characterizes vascular pathology to a greater extent. The results of the study provide a rationale for a comprehensive assessment of lateralization, stroke localization, underlying diseases, neurophysiological parameters and identified cognitive impairments when developing a plan of rehabilitation and neuropsychological measures aimed at cognitive and emotional recovery of patients both in the acute phase of ischemic stroke and when selecting further personalized rehabilitation programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Tynterova
- Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 14 Alexander Nevsky St., 236041 Kaliningrad, Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Svetlana Perepelitsa
- Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 14 Alexander Nevsky St., 236041 Kaliningrad, Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia;
- V. A. Negovsky Research Institute of General Reanimatology, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, 25 Petrovka Str., Build. 2, 107031 Moscow, Moskovskaya Oblast, Russia;
| | - Arкady Golubev
- V. A. Negovsky Research Institute of General Reanimatology, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, 25 Petrovka Str., Build. 2, 107031 Moscow, Moskovskaya Oblast, Russia;
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Gao Y, Cheung RTF, Gao J, Lau EYY, Wan JHY, Mok MY. Electrophysiological Study on Cognitive Function in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients With Previous Neuropsychiatric Involvement. Clin EEG Neurosci 2017; 48:251-258. [PMID: 27468748 DOI: 10.1177/1550059416660956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate P300 as an electrophysiological marker of cognitive function in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who had previous neuropsychiatric (NPSLE) involvement and were diagnosed to have cognitive impairment by standard neuropsychological tests. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were assessed by the auditory and visual oddball paradigms. Amplitude and latency of P300 at the frontal (Fz), central (Cz), and parietal (Pz) regions were determined and compared with controls. P300 detection was performed in NPSLE patients with pre-diagnosed cognitive impairment (n = 9), matched SLE patients without previous NPSLE (non-NPSLE) (n = 9), and healthy controls (n = 15). Auditory oddball task did not show any P300 abnormality between groups. Visual oddball task revealed reduced amplitude of P300 over Fz ( P = .002) and Cz ( P = .009) electrodes in NPSLE patients compared with healthy controls and among those who had predominant memory deficit ( P = .01 at Fz). Abnormal P300 was also observed in non-NPSLE patients at Fz and Cz. Using visual oddball paradigm, abnormal P300 was found in NPSLE patients over frontal and parietal regions compared with normal controls but was not discriminative from possible subclinical disease in non-NPSLE patients. In conclusion, visual oddball paradigm was a more sensitive electrophysiological marker than auditory oddball paradigm for cognitive impairment in NPSLE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gao
- 1 Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Raymond Tak Fai Cheung
- 1 Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Junling Gao
- 1 Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Esther Y Y Lau
- 2 Department of Psychology, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Jacky Ho Yin Wan
- 2 Department of Psychology, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Mo Yin Mok
- 1 Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.,3 Department of Biomedical Sciences, the City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
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McLaughlin T, Han D, Nicholson J, Steinberg B, Blum K, Febo M, Braverman E, Li M, Fried L, Badgaiyan R. Improvement of long-term memory access with a pro-dopamine regulator in an elderly male: Are we targeting dopamine tone? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 3. [PMID: 29423319 PMCID: PMC5800757 DOI: 10.15761/jsin.1000165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
With aging, there is decline in both short-term and long-term memory. This effect is magnified by epigenetic insults on specific, dopamine- related genes (e.g., DRD2, DAT1) as well as by impaired or reduced mRNA transcription. In addition, long-term memory ability is positively correlated with dopamine function and there is evidence that aging is associated with a reduction in brain dopamine D2 receptors, with an acceleration seen in aging-induced dementia. As a result, the authors tested the acute effect of a Pro-Dopamine Regulator (KB220Z, liquid Nano variant) on an aspect of long-term memory performance in a 77-year-old, highly functional male, using the Animal Naming Test (ANT). An improvement in long-term memory retrieval had initially been noted during the subject’s follow-up neurology exam, after he had been, for other reasons, taking KB220z. The patient had been given a number of ANTs by his primary and, later, another neurologist, from 2013 to 2016. Because the number of ANT observations was small (N = 7 with two groups) and the data uncorrelated, a non-parametric Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test was performed to test mean differences. After KB220z, the patient had much higher scores (p = 0.04762) on the ANT vs. when not taking it. His scores increased from the 30th percentile (pre-test) to the 76th percentile, after the first administration of KB220z and, later, to the 98th percentile, after a second administration of KB220z, six months later. The results indicate that KB220z, given acutely, increased a form of long-term memory retrieval in a highly functional, elderly male. Larger, double-blind, randomized controlled studies are encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Han
- Department of Management Science and Statistics, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Kenneth Blum
- Department of Psychiatry & McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Division of Applied Clinical Research & Education, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI, USA.,Department of Neurogenetics, Igene, LLC, Austin, TX, USA.,Department of Addiction Research & Therapy, Nupathways, Inc. Innsbrook, USA.,Division of Neuroscience Based Addiction Therapy, The Shores Treatment & Recovery Center, Port Saint Lucie, FL, USA.,Division of Precision Medicine, Geneus Health LLC, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Marcelo Febo
- Department of Psychiatry & McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Eric Braverman
- Department of Clinical Neurology, PATH Foundation NY, New York, USA
| | - Mona Li
- Department of Clinical Neurology, PATH Foundation NY, New York, USA
| | - Lyle Fried
- Eötvös Loránd University, Institute of Psychology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rajendra Badgaiyan
- Department of Psychiatry, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine and Dayton VA Medical Center, Dayton, OH, USA (IE)
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Vitali M, Napolitano C, Berman MO, Minuto SF, Battagliese G, Attilia ML, Braverman ER, Romeo M, Blum K, Ceccanti M. Neurophysiological Measures and Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD): Hypothesizing Links between Clinical Severity Index and Molecular Neurobiological Patterns. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 5. [PMID: 28090374 PMCID: PMC5231399 DOI: 10.4172/2155-6105.1000181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background In 1987, Cloninger proposed a clinical description and classification of different personality traits genetically defined and independent from each other. Moreover, he elaborated a specific test the TCI to investigate these traits/states. The study of craving in Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) assumed a greater significance, since ever more data seems to suggest a direct correlation between high levels of craving and a higher risk of relapse in alcoholics. Thus, our study aim is to explore the possible correlations among TCI linked molecular neurobiological pattern (s), craving and alcohol addiction severity measures in a sample of Italian alcoholics. Materials and Methods 191 alcoholics were recruited in a Day Hospital (DH) setting at the Alcohol Addiction Program Latium Region Referral Center, Sapienza University of Rome. After 7 days detoxification treatment a psychodiagnostic protocol was administered, including TCI, VAS-C, ASI and SADQ. All patients signed an Institutional Review Board (IRB) approved informed consent. Results Principally, we detected a significant positive correlation between HA-scale scores and the VAS scale: increasing in HA-scale corresponds to an increase in craving perception for both intensity (r=0.310; p ≤ 0.001) and frequency (r=0.246; p ≤ 0.001). Moreover, perception of dependence severity, measured with SADQ was also found to be significantly associated positively to both HA-scale (r=0.246; p ≤ 0.001) and NS-scale (r=0.224; p ≤ 0.01). While, for character scales, Persistence (r=−0.195; p=.008) and Self-directedness (r=−0.294; p ≤ 0.001) was negatively associated with ASI linked to alcohol problems. Self-directedness was also negatively correlated with ASI linked to family and social problems (r=−0.349; p ≤ 0.001), employment and support problems (r=−0.220; p=0.003) and psychiatric problems (r=−0.358; p ≤ 0.001). Cooperativeness was a negative correlate with Legal Problems (r=−0.173; p=0.019). and Self-Transcendence was positive correlated with Medical Problems (r=0.276; p ≤ 0.001) Conclusions In view of recent addiction neurobiological theories, such as the “Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS)” and the Koob model, our data could suggest that our cohort of patients could possibly be in a particular stage of the course of their addiction history. Thus, if our hypothesis will be confirmed, the TCI-based assessment of alcoholics would allow an optimization of the treatment. Clinicians understanding these newer concepts will be able to translate this information to their patients and potentially enhance clinical outcome (s), because it could suggest a functional hypothesis of neurotransmitter circuits that helps to frame the patient in his/her history of addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Vitali
- Alcohol Addiction Program Latium Region Referral Center, Sapienza University of Rome
| | - Carmen Napolitano
- Alcohol Addiction Program Latium Region Referral Center, Sapienza University of Rome
| | - Marlene Oscar Berman
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine and Veterans Administration System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Gemma Battagliese
- Alcohol Addiction Program Latium Region Referral Center, Sapienza University of Rome
| | - Maria Luisa Attilia
- Alcohol Addiction Program Latium Region Referral Center, Sapienza University of Rome
| | - Eric R Braverman
- Department of Psychiatry & McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Department of Clinical Neurology, Path Foundation, NY, New York, New York, USA
| | - Marina Romeo
- Alcohol Addiction Program Latium Region Referral Center, Sapienza University of Rome
| | - Kenneth Blum
- Department of Psychiatry & McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Department of Clinical Neurology, Path Foundation, NY, New York, New York, USA; Department of Addiction Research & Therapy, Malibu Beach Recovery Center, Malibu Beach, California, USA; Department of Psychiatry & Human Integrated Services Unit University of Vermont Center for Clinical & Translational Science, College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, USA; Department of Nutrigenomics, RD Solutions, LLC, La Jolla, California, USA; Department of Personalized Medicine, IGENE, LLC, Austin, Texas, USA; Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, Rhode Island, USA; Basic & Clinical Research Center, Victory Nutrition, LLC., Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Mauro Ceccanti
- Alcohol Addiction Program Latium Region Referral Center, Sapienza University of Rome
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Braverman ER, Blum K, Hussman KL, Han D, Dushaj K, Li M, Marin G, Badgaiyan RD, Smayda R, Gold MS. Evoked Potentials and Memory/Cognition Tests Validate Brain Atrophy as Measured by 3T MRI (NeuroQuant) in Cognitively Impaired Patients. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0133609. [PMID: 26244349 PMCID: PMC4526533 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
To our knowledge, this is the largest study evaluating relationships between 3T Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and P300 and memory/cognitive tests in the literature. The 3T MRI using NeuroQuant has an increased resolution 15 times that of 1.5T MRI. Utilizing NeuroQuant 3T MRI as a diagnostic tool in primary care, subjects (N=169; 19–90 years) displayed increased areas of anatomical atrophy: 34.62% hippocampal atrophy (N=54), 57.14% central atrophy (N=88), and 44.52% temporal atrophy (N=69). A majority of these patients exhibited overlap in measured areas of atrophy and were cognitively impaired. These results positively correlated with decreased P300 values and WMS-III (WMS-III) scores differentially across various brain loci. Delayed latency (p=0.0740) was marginally associated with temporal atrophy; reduced fractional anisotropy (FA) in frontal lobes correlated with aging, delayed P300 latency, and decreased visual and working memory (p=0.0115). Aging and delayed P300 latency correlated with lower FA. The correlation between working memory and reduced FA in frontal lobes is marginally significant (p=0.0787). In the centrum semiovale (CS), reduced FA correlated with visual memory (p=0.0622). Lower demyelination correlated with higher P300 amplitude (p=0.0002). Compared to males, females have higher demyelination (p=0.0064). Along these lines, the higher the P300 amplitude, the lower the bilateral atrophy (p=0.0165). Hippocampal atrophy correlated with increased auditory memory and gender, especially in males (p=0.0087). In considering temporal lobe atrophy correlations: delayed P300 latency and high temporal atrophy (p=0.0740); high auditory memory and low temporal atrophy (p=0.0417); and high working memory and low temporal atrophy (p=0.0166). Central atrophy correlated with aging and immediate memory (p=0.0294): the higher the immediate memory, the lower the central atrophy. Generally, the validation of brain atrophy by P300 and WMS-III could lead to cost-effective methods utilizable in primary care medicine following further confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric R. Braverman
- Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Clinical Neurology, PATH Foundation NY, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Kenneth Blum
- Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Clinical Neurology, PATH Foundation NY, New York, New York, United States of America
- Human Integrated Services, University of Vermont, Center for Clinical and Translational Science, College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
- Department of Addiction Services, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC., North Kingstown, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Karl L. Hussman
- Alpha 3T MRI & Diagnostic Imaging, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - David Han
- Department of Management Science and Statistics, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kristina Dushaj
- Department of Clinical Neurology, PATH Foundation NY, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Mona Li
- Department of Clinical Neurology, PATH Foundation NY, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Gabriela Marin
- Department of Clinical Neurology, PATH Foundation NY, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Rajendra D. Badgaiyan
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuroimaging Center, University Of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Richard Smayda
- Department of Clinical Neurology, PATH Foundation NY, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Mark S. Gold
- Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
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Braverman ER, Han D, Oscar-Berman M, Karikh T, Truesdell C, Dushaj K, Kreuk F, Li M, Stratton D, Blum K. Menopause Analytical Hormonal Correlate Outcome Study (MAHCOS) and the association to brain electrophysiology (P300) in a clinical setting. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105048. [PMID: 25251414 PMCID: PMC4174522 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Various studies have demonstrated that increased leptin levels and obesity are inversely related to cognitive decline in menopausal women. It is hypothesized that adiposity is inversely correlated with cognitive decline, as women with increased weight are less vulnerable to diminishing cognition. However, it is increasingly observed that menopausal women, even with increased adiposity, experience significant cognitive decline. Positron emission tomography (PET) has been used to analyze cognitive function and processing in menopausal women. Evoked potentials (P300) and neurophysiologic tests have validated brain metabolism in cognitively impaired patients. Post-hoc analyses of 796 female patients entering PATH Medical Clinic, between January 4, 2009 and February 24, 2013, were performed as part of the "Menopause Analytical Hormonal Correlate Outcome Study" (MAHCOS). Patient age range was 39-76 years (46.7 ± 0.2). P300 latency and amplitude correlated with a number of hormones: follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol, estrone, estriol, DHEA, pregnenolone, progesterone, free and total testosterone, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), Vitamins D 1.25 and D 25OH, leptin, and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 (IGF-BP3). Corrected statistics did not reveal significant associations with P300 latency or amplitude for these hormones except for leptin plasma levels. However, factor analysis showed that FSH and LH clustered together with Vitamin D1.25 and Vitamin D25OH, P300 latency (not amplitude), and log leptin were found to be associated in the same cluster. Utilizing regression analysis, once age adjusted, leptin was the only significant predictor for latency or speed (p = 0.03) with an effect size of 0.23. Higher plasma leptin levels were associated with abnormal P300 speed (OR = 0.98). Our findings show a significant relationship of higher plasma leptin levels, potentially due to leptin resistance, and prolonged P300 latency. This suggests leptin resistance may delay electrophysiological processing of memory and attention, which appears to be the first of such an association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric R. Braverman
- Department of Clinical Neurology, PATH Foundation NY, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, College of Medicine and McKnight Brain Institute, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - David Han
- Department of Management Science and Statistics, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Marlene Oscar-Berman
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, and Boston VA Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Tatiana Karikh
- Department of Clinical Neurology, PATH Foundation NY, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Courtney Truesdell
- Department of Clinical Neurology, PATH Foundation NY, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Kristina Dushaj
- Department of Clinical Neurology, PATH Foundation NY, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Florian Kreuk
- Department of Clinical Neurology, PATH Foundation NY, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Mona Li
- Department of Clinical Neurology, PATH Foundation NY, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Danielle Stratton
- Department of Clinical Neurology, PATH Foundation NY, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Kenneth Blum
- Department of Clinical Neurology, PATH Foundation NY, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, College of Medicine and McKnight Brain Institute, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Human Integrated Services Unit, University of Vermont, Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
- Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology, Nonakuri, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal, India
- Dominion Diagnostics, LLC., North Kingstown, Rhode Island, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Whelan R, Garavan H. When optimism hurts: inflated predictions in psychiatric neuroimaging. Biol Psychiatry 2014; 75:746-8. [PMID: 23778288 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The ability to predict outcomes from neuroimaging data has the potential to answer important clinical questions such as which depressed patients will respond to treatment, which abstinent drug users will relapse, or which patients will convert to dementia. However, many prediction analyses require methods and techniques, not typically required in neuroimaging, to accurately assess a model's predictive ability. Regression models will tend to fit to the idiosyncratic characteristics of a particular sample and consequently will perform worse on unseen data. Failure to account for this inherent optimism is especially pernicious when the number of possible predictors is high relative to the number of participants, a common scenario in psychiatric neuroimaging. We show via simulated data that models can appear predictive even when data and outcomes are random, and we note examples of optimistic prediction in the literature. We provide some recommendations for assessment of model performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Whelan
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.
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9
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Profiling of the soluble proteome in rat hippocampus post propofol anesthesia. Neurochem Res 2013; 38:2661-7. [PMID: 24214022 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-013-1184-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The current study was designed to initially observe the changes in soluble proteome in rat hippocampus post anesthesia, trying to explore possible clues for elucidating the effects of propofol. Soluble proteins were separated by 2-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE). Their expressions were observed at 1, 6, 24 h and 7 days after 3 h of propofol anesthesia. Spots exhibiting significant changes among different time-points were submitted to matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometer (MALDI-TOF MS) assay and peptide mass fingerprinting identification. The expression changes of selected proteins were further assayed using Western blot and RT-PCR. Twenty-six differentially expressed proteins were found and 19 were successfully identified with MALDI-TOF MS. Gene ontology analysis revealed these identified proteins were mainly cytosol (5) and/or cytoskeleton fractions (5). According to biological processes category, 9 proteins take part in development process, 12 are involved in metabolic process and 6 in regulatory function. Functionally, 17 proteins were involved in binding activities among which 12 possessed catalytic activities. Most changes took place within 24 h. Change patterns of selected proteins were identical in 2-DE and Western blot. Three mRNA of 5 selected proteins exhibited similar change patterns with those of their protein expressions. Soluble proteome in rat hippocampus are dynamically affected by propofol, with multiple processes being involved. They are possible explanations for propofol effects but further investigations are required.
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