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Xu Y, Li J, Wang J, Deng F. A novel CAF-cancer cell crosstalk-related gene prognostic index based on machine learning: prognostic significance and prediction of therapeutic response in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. J Transl Med 2024; 22:645. [PMID: 38982511 PMCID: PMC11234636 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05447-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF)-cancer cell crosstalk (CCCT) plays an important role in tumor microenvironment shaping and immunotherapy response. Current prognostic indexes are insufficient to accurately assess immunotherapy response in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). This study aimed to develop a CCCT-related gene prognostic index (CCRGPI) for assessing the prognosis and response to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy of HNSCC patients. METHODS Two cellular models, the fibroblast-cancer cell indirect coculture (FCICC) model, and the fibroblast-cancer cell organoid (FC-organoid) model, were constructed to visualize the crosstalk between fibroblasts and cancer cells. Based on a HNSCC scRNA-seq dataset, the R package CellChat was used to perform cell communication analysis to identify gene pairs involved in CCCT. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was then applied to further refine the selection of these gene pairs. The selected gene pairs were subsequently subjected to stepwise regression to develop CCRGPI. We further performed a comprehensive analysis to determine the molecular and immune characteristics, and prognosis associated with ICI therapy in different CCRGPI subgroups. Finally, the connectivity map (CMap) analysis and molecular docking were used to screen potential therapeutic drugs. RESULTS FCICC and FC-organoid models showed that cancer cells promoted the activation of fibroblasts into CAFs, that CAFs enhanced the invasion of cancer cells, and that CCCT was somewhat heterogeneous. The CCRGPI was developed based on 4 gene pairs: IGF1-IGF1R, LGALS9-CD44, SEMA5A-PLXNA1, and TNXB-SDC1. Furthermore, a high CCRGPI score was identified as an adverse prognostic factor for overall survival (OS). Additionally, a high CCRGPI was positively correlated with the activation of the P53 pathway, a high TP53 mutation rate, and decreased benefit from ICI therapy but was inversely associated with the abundance of various immune cells, such as CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and B cells. Moreover, Ganetespib was identified as a potential drug for HNSCC combination therapy. CONCLUSIONS The CCRGPI is reliable for predicting the prognosis and immunotherapy response of HSNCC patients and may be useful for guiding the individualized treatment of HNSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Xu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Junda Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Jinming Wang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, China.
| | - Feilong Deng
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, China.
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Liu J, Zheng R, Zhang Y, Jia S, He Y, Liu J. The Cross Talk between Cellular Senescence and Melanoma: From Molecular Pathogenesis to Target Therapies. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092640. [PMID: 37174106 PMCID: PMC10177054 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a malignant skin tumor that originates from melanocytes. The pathogenesis of melanoma involves a complex interaction that occurs between environmental factors, ultraviolet (UV)-light damage, and genetic alterations. UV light is the primary driver of the skin aging process and development of melanoma, which can induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the presence of DNA damage in the cells, and results in cell senescence. As cellular senescence plays an important role in the relationship that exists between the skin aging process and the development of melanoma, the present study provides insight into the literature concerning the topic at present and discusses the relationship between skin aging and melanoma, including the mechanisms of cellular senescence that drive melanoma progression, the microenvironment in relation to skin aging and melanoma factors, and the therapeutics concerning melanoma. This review focuses on defining the role of cellular senescence in the process of melanoma carcinogenesis and discusses the targeting of senescent cells through therapeutic approaches, highlighting the areas that require more extensive research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahua Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging and Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Runzi Zheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging and Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yanghuan Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging and Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Shuting Jia
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging and Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yonghan He
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging and Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
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3
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Nardou K, Nicolas M, Kuttler F, Cisarova K, Celik E, Quinodoz M, Riggi N, Michielin O, Rivolta C, Turcatti G, Moulin AP. Identification of New Vulnerabilities in Conjunctival Melanoma Using Image-Based High Content Drug Screening. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061575. [PMID: 35326726 PMCID: PMC8946509 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that numerous similarities exist between the genomic landscapes of both conjunctival and cutaneous melanoma. Since alterations of several components of the MAP kinases, PI3K/mTOR, and cell cycle pathways have been reported in conjunctival melanoma, we decided to assess the sensitivity of conjunctival melanoma to targeted inhibition mostly of kinase inhibitors. A high content drug screening assay based on automated fluorescence microscopy was performed in three conjunctival melanoma cell lines with different genomic backgrounds with 489 kinase inhibitors and 53 other inhibitors. IC50 and apoptosis induction were respectively assessed for 53 and 48 compounds. The genomic background influenced the response to MAK and PI3K/mTOR inhibition, more specifically cell lines with BRAF V600E mutations were more sensitive to BRAF/MEK inhibition, while CRMM2 bearing the NRASQ61L mutation was more sensitive to PI3k/mTOR inhibition. All cell lines demonstrated sensitivity to cell cycle inhibition, being more pronounced in CRMM2, especially with polo-like inhibitors. Our data also revealed new vulnerabilities to Hsp90 and Src inhibition. This study demonstrates that the genomic background partially influences the response to targeted therapy and uncovers a large panel of potential vulnerabilities in conjunctival melanoma that may expand available options for the management of this tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katya Nardou
- Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, University of Lausanne, 1004 Lausanne, Switzerland; (K.N.); (M.N.)
| | - Michael Nicolas
- Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, University of Lausanne, 1004 Lausanne, Switzerland; (K.N.); (M.N.)
| | - Fabien Kuttler
- Biomolecular Screening Facility, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (F.K.); (G.T.)
| | - Katarina Cisarova
- Medical Genetics Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Elifnaz Celik
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (E.C.); (M.Q.); (C.R.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mathieu Quinodoz
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (E.C.); (M.Q.); (C.R.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Nicolo Riggi
- Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Lausanne University, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Olivier Michielin
- Oncology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Carlo Rivolta
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (E.C.); (M.Q.); (C.R.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Gerardo Turcatti
- Biomolecular Screening Facility, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (F.K.); (G.T.)
| | - Alexandre Pierre Moulin
- Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, University of Lausanne, 1004 Lausanne, Switzerland; (K.N.); (M.N.)
- Correspondence:
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Mathien S, Tesnière C, Meloche S. Regulation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Pathways by the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System and Its Pharmacological Potential. Pharmacol Rev 2021; 73:263-296. [PMID: 34732541 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are evolutionarily conserved signaling pathways that play essential roles in transducing extracellular environmental signals into diverse cellular responses to maintain homeostasis. These pathways are classically organized into an architecture of three sequentially acting protein kinases: a MAPK kinase kinase that phosphorylates and activates a MAPK kinase, which in turn phosphorylates and activates the effector MAPK. The activity of MAPKs is tightly regulated by phosphorylation of their activation loop, which can be modulated by positive and negative feedback mechanisms to control the amplitude and duration of the signal. The signaling outcomes of MAPK pathways are further regulated by interactions of MAPKs with scaffolding and regulatory proteins. Accumulating evidence indicates that, in addition to these mechanisms, MAPK signaling is commonly regulated by ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS)-mediated control of the stability and abundance of MAPK pathway components. Notably, the biologic activity of some MAPKs appears to be regulated mainly at the level of protein turnover. Recent studies have started to explore the potential of targeted protein degradation as a powerful strategy to investigate the biologic functions of individual MAPK pathway components and as a new therapeutic approach to overcome resistance to current small-molecule kinase inhibitors. Here, we comprehensively review the mechanisms, physiologic importance, and pharmacological potential of UPS-mediated protein degradation in the control of MAPK signaling. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Accumulating evidence highlights the importance of targeted protein degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome system in regulating and fine-tuning the signaling output of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. Manipulating protein levels of MAPK cascade components may provide a novel approach for the development of selective pharmacological tools and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Mathien
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (S.Ma., C.T., S.Me.); and Molecular Biology Program, Faculty of Medicine (C.T., S.Me.) and Department of Pharmacology and Physiology (S.Me.), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Chloé Tesnière
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (S.Ma., C.T., S.Me.); and Molecular Biology Program, Faculty of Medicine (C.T., S.Me.) and Department of Pharmacology and Physiology (S.Me.), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sylvain Meloche
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (S.Ma., C.T., S.Me.); and Molecular Biology Program, Faculty of Medicine (C.T., S.Me.) and Department of Pharmacology and Physiology (S.Me.), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Abstract
HSP90 (heat shock protein 90) is an ATP-dependent molecular chaperone involved in a proper folding and maturation of hundreds of proteins. HSP90 is abundantly expressed in cancer, including melanoma. HSP90 client proteins are the key oncoproteins of several signaling pathways controlling melanoma development, progression and response to therapy. A number of natural and synthetic compounds of different chemical structures and binding sites within HSP90 have been identified as selective HSP90 inhibitors. The majority of HSP90-targeting agents affect N-terminal ATPase activity of HSP90. In contrast to N-terminal inhibitors, agents interacting with the middle and C-terminal domains of HSP90 do not induce HSP70-dependent cytoprotective response. Several inhibitors of HSP90 were tested against melanoma in pre-clinical studies and clinical trials, providing evidence that these agents can be considered either as single or complementary therapeutic strategy. This review summarizes current knowledge on the role of HSP90 protein in cancer with focus on melanoma, and provides an overview of structurally different HSP90 inhibitors that are considered as potential therapeutics for melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariusz L Hartman
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka Street, 92-215, Lodz, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Czyz
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka Street, 92-215, Lodz, Poland.
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Proietti I, Skroza N, Bernardini N, Tolino E, Balduzzi V, Marchesiello A, Michelini S, Volpe S, Mambrin A, Mangino G, Romeo G, Maddalena P, Rees C, Potenza C. Mechanisms of Acquired BRAF Inhibitor Resistance in Melanoma: A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2801. [PMID: 33003483 PMCID: PMC7600801 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This systematic review investigated the literature on acquired v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF) inhibitor resistance in patients with melanoma. We searched MEDLINE for articles on BRAF inhibitor resistance in patients with melanoma published since January 2010 in the following areas: (1) genetic basis of resistance; (2) epigenetic and transcriptomic mechanisms; (3) influence of the immune system on resistance development; and (4) combination therapy to overcome resistance. Common resistance mutations in melanoma are BRAF splice variants, BRAF amplification, neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog (NRAS) mutations and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1/2 (MEK1/2) mutations. Genetic and epigenetic changes reactivate previously blocked mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, activate alternative signaling pathways, and cause epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Once BRAF inhibitor resistance develops, the tumor microenvironment reverts to a low immunogenic state secondary to the induction of programmed cell death ligand-1. Combining a BRAF inhibitor with a MEK inhibitor delays resistance development and increases duration of response. Multiple other combinations based on known mechanisms of resistance are being investigated. BRAF inhibitor-resistant cells develop a range of 'escape routes', so multiple different treatment targets will probably be required to overcome resistance. In the future, it may be possible to personalize combination therapy towards the specific resistance pathway in individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Proietti
- Dermatology Unit “Daniele Innocenzi”, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Bio-Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Fiorini Hospital, Polo Pontino, 04019 Terracina, Italy; (N.S.); (N.B.); (E.T.); (V.B.); (A.M.); (S.M.); (S.V.); (A.M.); (P.M.); (C.P.)
| | - Nevena Skroza
- Dermatology Unit “Daniele Innocenzi”, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Bio-Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Fiorini Hospital, Polo Pontino, 04019 Terracina, Italy; (N.S.); (N.B.); (E.T.); (V.B.); (A.M.); (S.M.); (S.V.); (A.M.); (P.M.); (C.P.)
| | - Nicoletta Bernardini
- Dermatology Unit “Daniele Innocenzi”, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Bio-Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Fiorini Hospital, Polo Pontino, 04019 Terracina, Italy; (N.S.); (N.B.); (E.T.); (V.B.); (A.M.); (S.M.); (S.V.); (A.M.); (P.M.); (C.P.)
| | - Ersilia Tolino
- Dermatology Unit “Daniele Innocenzi”, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Bio-Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Fiorini Hospital, Polo Pontino, 04019 Terracina, Italy; (N.S.); (N.B.); (E.T.); (V.B.); (A.M.); (S.M.); (S.V.); (A.M.); (P.M.); (C.P.)
| | - Veronica Balduzzi
- Dermatology Unit “Daniele Innocenzi”, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Bio-Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Fiorini Hospital, Polo Pontino, 04019 Terracina, Italy; (N.S.); (N.B.); (E.T.); (V.B.); (A.M.); (S.M.); (S.V.); (A.M.); (P.M.); (C.P.)
| | - Anna Marchesiello
- Dermatology Unit “Daniele Innocenzi”, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Bio-Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Fiorini Hospital, Polo Pontino, 04019 Terracina, Italy; (N.S.); (N.B.); (E.T.); (V.B.); (A.M.); (S.M.); (S.V.); (A.M.); (P.M.); (C.P.)
| | - Simone Michelini
- Dermatology Unit “Daniele Innocenzi”, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Bio-Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Fiorini Hospital, Polo Pontino, 04019 Terracina, Italy; (N.S.); (N.B.); (E.T.); (V.B.); (A.M.); (S.M.); (S.V.); (A.M.); (P.M.); (C.P.)
| | - Salvatore Volpe
- Dermatology Unit “Daniele Innocenzi”, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Bio-Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Fiorini Hospital, Polo Pontino, 04019 Terracina, Italy; (N.S.); (N.B.); (E.T.); (V.B.); (A.M.); (S.M.); (S.V.); (A.M.); (P.M.); (C.P.)
| | - Alessandra Mambrin
- Dermatology Unit “Daniele Innocenzi”, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Bio-Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Fiorini Hospital, Polo Pontino, 04019 Terracina, Italy; (N.S.); (N.B.); (E.T.); (V.B.); (A.M.); (S.M.); (S.V.); (A.M.); (P.M.); (C.P.)
| | - Giorgio Mangino
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.M.); (G.R.)
| | - Giovanna Romeo
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.M.); (G.R.)
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Maddalena
- Dermatology Unit “Daniele Innocenzi”, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Bio-Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Fiorini Hospital, Polo Pontino, 04019 Terracina, Italy; (N.S.); (N.B.); (E.T.); (V.B.); (A.M.); (S.M.); (S.V.); (A.M.); (P.M.); (C.P.)
| | | | - Concetta Potenza
- Dermatology Unit “Daniele Innocenzi”, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Bio-Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Fiorini Hospital, Polo Pontino, 04019 Terracina, Italy; (N.S.); (N.B.); (E.T.); (V.B.); (A.M.); (S.M.); (S.V.); (A.M.); (P.M.); (C.P.)
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Krawczyk MA, Pospieszynska A, Styczewska M, Bien E, Sawicki S, Marino Gammazza A, Fucarino A, Gorska-Ponikowska M. Extracellular Chaperones as Novel Biomarkers of Overall Cancer Progression and Efficacy of Anticancer Therapy. APPLIED SCIENCES 2020; 10:6009. [DOI: 10.3390/app10176009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Exosomal heat shock proteins (Hsps) are involved in intercellular communication both in physiological and pathological conditions. They play a role in key processes of carcinogenesis including immune system regulation, cell differentiation, vascular homeostasis and metastasis formation. Thus, exosomal Hsps are emerging biomarkers of malignancies and possible therapeutic targets. Adolescents and young adults (AYAs) are patients aged 15–39 years. This age group, placed between pediatric and adult oncology, pose a particular challenge for cancer management. New biomarkers of cancer growth and progression as well as prognostic factors are desperately needed in AYAs. In this review, we attempted to summarize the current knowledge on the role of exosomal Hsps in selected solid tumors characteristic for the AYA population and/or associated with poor prognosis in this age group. These included malignant melanoma, brain tumors, and breast, colorectal, thyroid, hepatocellular, lung and gynecological tract carcinomas. The studies on exosomal Hsps in these tumors are limited; however; some have provided promising results. Although further research is needed, there is potential for future clinical applications of exosomal Hsps in AYA cancers, both as novel biomarkers of disease presence, progression or relapse, or as therapeutic targets or tools for drug delivery.
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Guan L, Zou Q, Liu Q, Lin Y, Chen S. HSP90 Inhibitor Ganetespib (STA-9090) Inhibits Tumor Growth in c-Myc-Dependent Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:2997-3011. [PMID: 32308431 PMCID: PMC7156265 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s245813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Currently, the paucity of classical effective pharmacological drugs to treat esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a major problem. The c-Myc (MYC) protein is a promising target as it is overexpressed in ESCC. MYC is a sensitive client protein of the heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) and, therefore, targeting the HSP90-MYC axis by inhibition of HSP90 is a potential therapeutic strategy for ESCC. Here, we evaluated the clinical application value of the HSP90 inhibitor (Ganetespib, STA-9090) as an anti-cancer agent for MYC-positive ESCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS We first analyzed ESCC tissue microarrays and clinical tissue samples to determine MYC expression. The relationship between MYC and HSP90 was analyzed by co-immunoprecipitation assays and immunofluorescence. In in vitro cell models, cell growth was analyzed using the CCK-8 kit, and MYC protein expression was analyzed by Western blot. The in vivo antitumor activity of STA-9090 was assessed in two xenograft animal models. RESULTS We demonstrated that MYC-overexpressing ESCC cells were highly sensitive to STA-9090 treatment through suppressing ESCC cell proliferation, cell cycle progression and survival. Moreover, STA-9090 treatment decreased MYC expression, reducing the half-life of the MYC protein. We further established two xenograft mouse models using ESCC cells and clinical ESCC samples to validate the effectiveness of STA-9090 in vivo. In both xenograft models, STA-9090 substantially inhibited the growth of MYC-positive ESCC tumors in vivo. In contrast, STA-9090 treatment demonstrated no beneficial effects in mice with low-MYC expressing ESCC tumors. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our data support that the HSP90 inhibitor, STA-9090, suppresses the expression of the MYC protein and interferes with HSP90-MYC protein-protein interaction. This, in turn, leads to inhibition of ESCC cell proliferation and promotion of apoptosis in ESCC cells in vitro and reduction of ESCC tumors in vivo. We propose, based on our findings, that STA-9090 is a potential novel therapeutic target for MYC-positive ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuliu Guan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Esophageal Cancer Precise Therapy, Guangzhou, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingqing Zou
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Esophageal Cancer Precise Therapy, Guangzhou, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Esophageal Cancer Precise Therapy, Guangzhou, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, People’s Republic of China
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiguang Lin
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Correspondence: Yiguang Lin School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW2007, AustraliaTel +61 2 95142223Fax +61 2 95148206 Email
| | - Size Chen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Esophageal Cancer Precise Therapy, Guangzhou, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, People’s Republic of China
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Size Chen Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 19 NonglinXia Road, Guangzhou510080, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 20 61325337 Email
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9
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Ice RJ, Chen M, Sidorov M, Le Ho T, Woo RWL, Rodriguez-Brotons A, Luu T, Jian D, Kim KB, Leong SP, Kim H, Kim A, Stone D, Nazarian A, Oh A, Tranah GJ, Nosrati M, de Semir D, Dar AA, Chang S, Desprez PY, Kashani-Sabet M, Soroceanu L, McAllister SD. Drug responses are conserved across patient-derived xenograft models of melanoma leading to identification of novel drug combination therapies. Br J Cancer 2019; 122:648-657. [PMID: 31857724 PMCID: PMC7054294 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0696-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse tumour models can predict response to therapy in patients. Predictions made from PDX cultures (PDXC) would allow for more rapid and comprehensive evaluation of potential treatment options for patients, including drug combinations. METHODS We developed a PDX library of BRAF-mutant metastatic melanoma, and a high-throughput drug-screening (HTDS) platform utilising clinically relevant drug exposures. We then evaluated 34 antitumor agents across eight melanoma PDXCs, compared drug response to BRAF and MEK inhibitors alone or in combination with PDXC and the corresponding PDX, and investigated novel drug combinations targeting BRAF inhibitor-resistant melanoma. RESULTS The concordance of cancer-driving mutations across patient, matched PDX and subsequent PDX generations increases as variant allele frequency (VAF) increases. There was a high correlation in the magnitude of response to BRAF and MEK inhibitors between PDXCs and corresponding PDXs. PDXCs and corresponding PDXs from metastatic melanoma patients that progressed on standard-of-care therapy demonstrated similar resistance patterns to BRAF and MEK inhibitor therapy. Importantly, HTDS identified novel drug combinations to target BRAF-resistant melanoma. CONCLUSIONS The biological consistency observed between PDXCs and PDXs suggests that PDXCs may allow for a rapid and comprehensive identification of treatments for aggressive cancers, including combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Ice
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA
| | - Michelle Chen
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA
| | - Max Sidorov
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA
| | - Tam Le Ho
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA
| | - Rinette W L Woo
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA
| | | | - Tri Luu
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA
| | - Damon Jian
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA
| | - Kevin B Kim
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA
| | - Stanley P Leong
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA
| | - HanKyul Kim
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA
| | - Angela Kim
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA
| | - Des Stone
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA
| | - Ari Nazarian
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA
| | - Alyssia Oh
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA
| | - Gregory J Tranah
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA
| | - Mehdi Nosrati
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA
| | - David de Semir
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA
| | - Altaf A Dar
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA
| | - Stephen Chang
- University of California at San Francisco, School of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Pierre-Yves Desprez
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA
| | | | - Liliana Soroceanu
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA
| | - Sean D McAllister
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA.
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10
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Fujimura T, Fujisawa Y, Kambayashi Y, Aiba S. Significance of BRAF Kinase Inhibitors for Melanoma Treatment: From Bench to Bedside. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11091342. [PMID: 31514399 PMCID: PMC6770075 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
According to clinical trials, BRAF kinase inhibitors in combination with MEK kinase inhibitors are among the most promising chemotherapy regimens for the treatment of advanced BRAF-mutant melanoma, though the rate of BRAF mutation gene-bearing cutaneous melanoma is limited, especially in the Asian population. In addition, drug resistance sometimes abrogates the persistent efficacy of combined therapy with BRAF and MEK inhibitors. Therefore, recent pre-clinical study-based clinical trials have attempted to identify optimal drugs (e.g., immune checkpoint inhibitors or histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors) that improve the anti-melanoma effects of BRAF and MEK inhibitors. In addition, the development of novel protocols to avoid resistance of BRAF inhibitors is another purpose of recent pre-clinical and early clinical trials. This review focuses on pre-clinical studies and early to phase III clinical trials to discuss the development of combined therapy based on BRAF inhibitors for BRAF-mutant advanced melanoma, as well as mechanisms of resistance to BRAF inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taku Fujimura
- Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8574, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiro Fujisawa
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8576, Japan.
| | - Yumi Kambayashi
- Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8574, Japan.
| | - Setsuya Aiba
- Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8574, Japan.
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11
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Ganetespib targets multiple levels of the receptor tyrosine kinase signaling cascade and preferentially inhibits ErbB2-overexpressing breast cancer cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6829. [PMID: 29717218 PMCID: PMC5931511 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25284-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Although ErbB2-targeted therapeutics have significantly improved ErbB2+ breast cancer patient outcomes, therapeutic resistance remains a significant challenge. Therefore, the development of novel ErbB2-targeting strategies is necessary. Importantly, ErbB2 is a sensitive client protein of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), which regulates client protein folding, maturation, and stabilization. HSP90 inhibition provides an alternative therapeutic strategy for ErbB2-targeted degradation. In particular, ganetespib, a novel HSP90 inhibitor, is a promising agent for ErbB2+ cancers. Nevertheless, the anti-cancer efficacy and clinical application of ganetespib for ErbB2+ breast cancer is largely unknown. In our study, we examined the anti-cancer effects of ganetespib on ErbB2+ BT474 and SKBR3 breast cancer cells, and isogenic paired cancer cell lines with lentivirus-mediated ErbB2 overexpression. Ganetespib potently inhibited cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, survival, and activation/phosphorylation of ErbB2 and key downstream effectors in ErbB2+ breast cancer cells. Moreover, ganetespib decreased the total protein levels of HSP90 client proteins and reduced ErbB2 protein half-life. ErbB2-overexpressing cancer cells were also more sensitive to ganetespib-mediated growth inhibition than parental cells. Ganetespib also strikingly potentiated the inhibitory effects of lapatinib in BT474 and SKBR3 cells. Ultimately, our results support the application of ganetespib-mediated HSP90 inhibition as a promising therapeutic strategy for ErbB2+ breast cancer.
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12
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Chatterjee S, Huang EHB, Christie I, Burns TF. Reactivation of the p90RSK-CDC25C Pathway Leads to Bypass of the Ganetespib-Induced G 2-M Arrest and Mediates Acquired Resistance to Ganetespib in KRAS-Mutant NSCLC. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:1658-1668. [PMID: 28566436 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A subset of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) are dependent upon oncogenic driver mutations, including the most frequently observed driver mutant KRAS, which is associated with a poor prognosis. As direct RAS targeting in the clinic has been unsuccessful to date, use of Hsp90 inhibitors appeared to be a promising therapy for KRAS-mutant NSCLC; however, limited clinical efficacy was observed due to rapid resistance. Furthermore, the combination of the Hsp90 inhibitor (Hsp90i), ganetespib, and docetaxel was tested in a phase III clinical trial and failed to demonstrate benefit. Here, we investigated the mechanism(s) of resistance to ganetespib and explored why the combination with docetaxel failed in the clinic. We have not only identified a critical role for the bypass of the G2-M cell-cycle checkpoint as a mechanism of ganetespib resistance (GR) but have also found that GR leads to cross-resistance to docetaxel. Reactivation of p90RSK and its downstream target, CDC25C, was critical for GR and mediated the bypass of a G2-M arrest. Overexpression of either p90RSK or CDC25C lead to bypass of G2-M arrest and induced ganetespib resistance in vitro and in vivo Moreover, resistance was dependent on p90RSK/CDC25C signaling, as synthetic lethality to ERK1/2, p90RSK, or CDC25C inhibitors was observed. Importantly, the combination of ganetespib and p90RSK or CDC25C inhibitors was highly efficacious in parental cells. These studies provide a way forward for Hsp90 inhibitors through the development of novel rationally designed Hsp90 inhibitor combinations that may prevent or overcome resistance to Hsp90i. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(8); 1658-68. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Chatterjee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Eric H-B Huang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ian Christie
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Timothy F Burns
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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13
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Yamada-Kanazawa S, Kajihara I, Fukushima S, Jinnin M, Masuzawa M, Masuzawa M, Amoh Y, Hoshina D, Abe R, Ihn H. Inhibition of heat shock protein 90 exerts an antitumour effect in angiosarcoma: involvement of the vascular endothelial growth factor signalling pathway. Br J Dermatol 2017; 177:456-469. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.15303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Yamada-Kanazawa
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery; Faculty of Life Sciences; Kumamoto University; Kumamoto Japan
| | - I. Kajihara
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery; Faculty of Life Sciences; Kumamoto University; Kumamoto Japan
| | - S. Fukushima
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery; Faculty of Life Sciences; Kumamoto University; Kumamoto Japan
| | - M. Jinnin
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery; Faculty of Life Sciences; Kumamoto University; Kumamoto Japan
| | - M. Masuzawa
- Department of Dermatology; Kitasato University School of Medicine; Sagamihara Kanagawa Japan
| | - M. Masuzawa
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics; School of Allied Health Sciences; Kitasato University; Sagamihara Kanagawa Japan
| | - Y. Amoh
- Department of Dermatology; Kitasato University School of Medicine; Sagamihara Kanagawa Japan
| | - D. Hoshina
- Department of Dermatology; Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine; Hokkaido Japan
| | - R. Abe
- Department of Dermatology; Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Niigata Japan
| | - H. Ihn
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery; Faculty of Life Sciences; Kumamoto University; Kumamoto Japan
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14
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Wu X, Giobbie-Hurder A, Liao X, Connelly C, Connolly EM, Li J, Manos MP, Lawrence D, McDermott D, Severgnini M, Zhou J, Gjini E, Lako A, Lipschitz M, Pak CJ, Abdelrahman S, Rodig S, Hodi FS. Angiopoietin-2 as a Biomarker and Target for Immune Checkpoint Therapy. Cancer Immunol Res 2016; 5:17-28. [PMID: 28003187 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-16-0206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint therapies targeting CTLA-4 and PD-1 have proven effective in cancer treatment. However, the identification of biomarkers for predicting clinical outcomes and mechanisms to overcome resistance remain as critical needs. Angiogenesis is increasingly appreciated as an immune modulator with potential for combinatorial use with checkpoint blockade. Angiopoietin-2 (ANGPT2) is an immune target in patients and is involved in resistance to anti-VEGF treatment with the monoclonal antibody bevacizumab. We investigated the predictive and prognostic value of circulating ANGPT2 in metastatic melanoma patients receiving immune checkpoint therapy. High pretreatment serum ANGPT2 was associated with reduced overall survival in CTLA-4 and PD-1 blockade-treated patients. These treatments also increased serum ANGPT2 in many patients early after treatment initiation, whereas ipilimumab plus bevacizumab treatment decreased serum concentrations. ANGPT2 increases were associated with reduced response and/or overall survival. Ipilimumab increased, and ipilimumab plus bevacizumab decreased, tumor vascular ANGPT2 expression in a subset of patients, which was associated with increased and decreased tumor infiltration by CD68+ and CD163+ macrophages, respectively. In vitro, bevacizumab blocked VEGF-induced ANGPT2 expression in tumor-associated endothelial cells, whereas ANGPT2 increased PD-L1 expression on M2-polarized macrophages. Treatments elicited long-lasting and functional antibody responses to ANGPT2 in a subset of patients receiving clinical benefit. Our findings suggest that serum ANGPT2 may be considered as a predictive and prognostic biomarker for immune checkpoint therapy and may contribute to treatment resistance via increasing proangiogenic and immunosuppressive activities in the tumor microenvironment. Targeting ANGPT2 provides a rational combinatorial approach to improve the efficacy of immune therapy. Cancer Immunol Res; 5(1); 17-28. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinqi Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Anita Giobbie-Hurder
- Center for Immuno-oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xiaoyun Liao
- Center for Immuno-oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Courtney Connelly
- Center for Immuno-oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Erin M Connolly
- Center for Immuno-oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Melanoma Disease Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael P Manos
- Center for Immuno-oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Donald Lawrence
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Mariano Severgnini
- Center for Immuno-oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Evisa Gjini
- Center for Immuno-oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ana Lako
- Center for Immuno-oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mikel Lipschitz
- Center for Immuno-oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christine J Pak
- Center for Immuno-oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sara Abdelrahman
- Center for Immuno-oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Scott Rodig
- Center for Immuno-oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - F Stephen Hodi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
- Center for Immuno-oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Melanoma Disease Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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15
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Cavanaugh A, Juengst B, Sheridan K, Danella JF, Williams H. Combined inhibition of heat shock proteins 90 and 70 leads to simultaneous degradation of the oncogenic signaling proteins involved in muscle invasive bladder cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:39821-38. [PMID: 26556859 PMCID: PMC4741863 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) plays a critical role in the survival of cancer cells including muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). The addiction of tumor cells to HSP90 has promoted the development of numerous HSP90 inhibitors and their use in clinical trials. This study evaluated the role of inhibiting HSP90 using STA9090 (STA) alone or in combination with the HSP70 inhibitor VER155008 (VER) in several human MIBC cell lines. While both STA and VER inhibited MIBC cell growth and migration and promoted apoptosis, combination therapy was more effective. Therefore, the signaling pathways involved in MIBC were systematically interrogated following STA and/or VER treatments. STA and not VER reduced the expression of proteins in the p53/Rb, PI3K and SWI/SWF pathways. Interestingly, STA was not as effective as VER or combination therapy in degrading proteins involved in the histone modification pathway such as KDM6A (demethylase) and EP300 (acetyltransferase) as predicted by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data. This data suggests that dual HSP90 and HSP70 inhibition can simultaneously disrupt the key signaling pathways in MIBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Cavanaugh
- Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, USA
| | - Brendon Juengst
- Penn State University, Department of Plant Biology, State College, PA, USA
| | - Kathleen Sheridan
- Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, USA
| | - John F Danella
- Department of Urology, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, USA
| | - Heinric Williams
- Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, USA.,Department of Urology, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, USA
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16
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Wu X, Giobbie-Hurder A, Liao X, Lawrence D, McDermott D, Zhou J, Rodig S, Hodi FS. VEGF Neutralization Plus CTLA-4 Blockade Alters Soluble and Cellular Factors Associated with Enhancing Lymphocyte Infiltration and Humoral Recognition in Melanoma. Cancer Immunol Res 2016; 4:858-868. [PMID: 27549123 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-16-0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Immune recognition of tumor targets by specific cytotoxic lymphocytes is essential for the effective rejection of tumors. A phase I clinical trial of ipilimumab (an antibody that blocks CTLA-4 function) in combination with bevacizumab (an antibody that inhibits angiogenesis) in patients with metastatic melanoma found favorable clinical outcomes were associated with increased tumor endothelial activation and lymphocyte infiltration. To better understand the underlying mechanisms, we sought features and factors that changed as a function of treatment in patients. Ipilimumab plus bevacizumab (Ipi-Bev) increased tumor vascular expression of ICAM1 and VCAM1. Treatment also altered concentrations of many circulating cytokines and chemokines, including increases of CXCL10, IL1α, TNFα, CXCL1, IFNα2, and IL8, with decreases in VEGF-A in most patients. IL1α and TNFα induced expression of E-selectin, CXCL1, and VCAM1 on melanoma tumor-associated endothelial cells (TEC) in vitro and promoted adhesion of activated T cells onto TEC. VEGFA inhibited TNFα-induced expression of ICAM1 and VCAM1 and T-cell adhesion, which was blocked by bevacizumab. CXCL10 promoted T-cell migration across TEC in vitro, was frequently expressed by melanoma cells, and was upregulated in a subset of tumors in treated patients. Robust upregulation of CXCL10 in tumors was accompanied by increased T-cell infiltration. Ipi-Bev also augmented humoral immune responses recognizing targets in melanoma, tumor endothelial, and tumor mesenchymal stem cells. Our findings suggest that Ipi-Bev therapy augments immune recognition in the tumor microenvironment through enhancing lymphocyte infiltration and antibody responses. IL1α, TNFα, and CXCL10, together with VEGF neutralization, contribute to Ipi-Bev-induced melanoma immune recognition. Cancer Immunol Res; 4(10); 858-68. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinqi Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Anita Giobbie-Hurder
- Center for Immuno-oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Biostatistics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xiaoyun Liao
- Center for Immuno-oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Donald Lawrence
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Scott Rodig
- Center for Immuno-oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - F Stephen Hodi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Melanoma Disease Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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17
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Shatzer A, Ali MA, Chavez M, Dowdell K, Lee MJ, Tomita Y, El-Hariry I, Trepel JB, Proia DA, Cohen JI. Ganetespib, an HSP90 inhibitor, kills Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-infected B and T cells and reduces the percentage of EBV-infected cells in the blood. Leuk Lymphoma 2016; 58:923-931. [PMID: 27686857 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2016.1213823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
HSP90 inhibitors have been shown to kill Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-infected cells by reducing the level of EBV EBNA-1 and/or LMP1. We treated virus-infected cells with ganetespib, an HSP90 inhibitor currently being evaluated in multiple clinical trials for cancer and found that the drug killed EBV-positive B and T cells and reduced the level of both EBV EBNA-1 and LMP1. Treatment of cells with ganetespib also reduced the level of pAkt. Ganetespib delayed the onset of EBV-positive lymphomas and prolonged survival in SCID mice inoculated with one EBV-transformed B-cell line, but not another B-cell line. The former cell line showed lower levels of EBNA-1 after treatment with ganetespib in vitro. Treatment of a patient with T-cell chronic active EBV with ganetespib reduced the percentage of EBV-positive cells in the peripheral blood. These data indicate that HSP90 inhibitors may have a role in the therapy of certain EBV-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Shatzer
- a Laboratory of Infectious Diseases , National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Mir A Ali
- a Laboratory of Infectious Diseases , National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Mayra Chavez
- a Laboratory of Infectious Diseases , National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Kennichi Dowdell
- a Laboratory of Infectious Diseases , National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Min-Jung Lee
- b Developmental Therapeutics Branch , National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Yusuke Tomita
- b Developmental Therapeutics Branch , National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | | | - Jane B Trepel
- b Developmental Therapeutics Branch , National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | | | - Jeffrey I Cohen
- a Laboratory of Infectious Diseases , National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
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18
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Nagaraju GP, Mezina A, Shaib WL, Landry J, El-Rayes BF. Targeting the Janus-activated kinase-2-STAT3 signalling pathway in pancreatic cancer using the HSP90 inhibitor ganetespib. Eur J Cancer 2015; 52:109-19. [PMID: 26682870 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2015.10.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer (PC) is an aggressive malignancy characterised by chemoresistance. HSP90 is important for stabilisation of proteins, cell signalling and malignant growth. We hypothesised that ganetespib, an HSP90 inhibitor, can inhibit PC cell growth by interfering with multiple signalling cascades, including the Janus-activated kinase (JAK)-STAT pathway, and act synergistically with chemotherapeutic drugs. METHODS The effects of ganetespib were evaluated in ASPC-1, HPAC, MIA PaCA-2 and PANC-1 cell lines using a cell proliferation assay. Effects on the expression of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and JAK-STAT pathways were examined by Western blot. JAK2 and STAT3 were knocked down by transient transfection with JAK2 or STAT3 small interfering RNA. ASPC-1 and HPAC cell lines were tested for sensitivity to ganetespib, 5-fluorouracil/oxaliplatin, and gemcitabine/paclitaxel, alone and in combination, using an in vivo tumour xenograft model. RESULTS Ganetespib significantly decreased cell proliferation in all tested PC cell lines. Ganetespib decreased the activation of extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK), PI3K/AKT, and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) signalling molecules and diminished the activation of STAT3 in an additive manner with isolated downregulation of JAK2 expression. In animal models, ganetespib potentiated the effects of 5-fluouracil/oxaliplatin and gemcitabine/paclitaxel, as measured by tumour volume. Western blot analysis from tumours removed from animals confirmed the effects of ganetespib on PI3K/AKT, ERK and JNK pathways. CONCLUSIONS Ganetespib inhibits the growth of PC cells, an effect associated with downregulation of signalling through the JAK2-STAT3, PI3K/AKT and MAPK pathways. This provides preclinical proof-of-principle that ganetespib enhances the activity of chemotherapeutic agents and warrants further evaluation in PC clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anya Mezina
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Walid L Shaib
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jerome Landry
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Bassel F El-Rayes
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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19
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González-Cao M, Rodón J, Karachaliou N, Sánchez J, Santarpia M, Viteri S, Pilotto S, Teixidó C, Riso A, Rosell R. Other targeted drugs in melanoma. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2015; 3:266. [PMID: 26605312 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2015.08.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Targeted therapy drugs are developed against specific molecular alterations on cancer cells. Because they are "targeted" to the tumor, these therapies are more effective and better tolerated than conventional therapies such as chemotherapy. In the last decade, great advances have been made in understanding of melanoma biology and identification of molecular mechanisms involved in malignant transformation of cells. The identification of oncogenic mutated kinases involved in this process provides an opportunity for development of new target therapies. The dependence of melanoma on BRAF-mutant kinase has provided an opportunity for development of mutation-specific inhibitors with high activity and excellent tolerance that are now being used in clinical practice. This marked a new era in the treatment of metastatic melanoma and much research is now ongoing to identify other "druggable" kinases and transduction signaling networking. It is expected that in the near future the spectrum of target drugs for melanoma treatment will increase. Herein, we review the most relevant potential novel drugs for melanoma treatment based on preclinical data and the results of early clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- María González-Cao
- 1 Translational Cancer Research Unit, Instituto Oncológico Dr Rosell, Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain ; 2 Vall D'Hebron Institute of Oncology and Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ; 3 Immunology Department, CNICV, Madrid, Spain ; 4 Medical Oncology Unit, Human Pathology Department, University of Messina, Messina, Italy ; 5 Department of Medical Oncology, University of Verona, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy ; 6 Pangaea Biotech S.L, Barcelona, Spain ; 7 Cancer Biology and Precision Medicine Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Sciences Institute and Hospital, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain ; 8 Fundación Molecular Oncology Research, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Rodón
- 1 Translational Cancer Research Unit, Instituto Oncológico Dr Rosell, Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain ; 2 Vall D'Hebron Institute of Oncology and Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ; 3 Immunology Department, CNICV, Madrid, Spain ; 4 Medical Oncology Unit, Human Pathology Department, University of Messina, Messina, Italy ; 5 Department of Medical Oncology, University of Verona, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy ; 6 Pangaea Biotech S.L, Barcelona, Spain ; 7 Cancer Biology and Precision Medicine Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Sciences Institute and Hospital, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain ; 8 Fundación Molecular Oncology Research, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Niki Karachaliou
- 1 Translational Cancer Research Unit, Instituto Oncológico Dr Rosell, Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain ; 2 Vall D'Hebron Institute of Oncology and Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ; 3 Immunology Department, CNICV, Madrid, Spain ; 4 Medical Oncology Unit, Human Pathology Department, University of Messina, Messina, Italy ; 5 Department of Medical Oncology, University of Verona, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy ; 6 Pangaea Biotech S.L, Barcelona, Spain ; 7 Cancer Biology and Precision Medicine Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Sciences Institute and Hospital, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain ; 8 Fundación Molecular Oncology Research, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús Sánchez
- 1 Translational Cancer Research Unit, Instituto Oncológico Dr Rosell, Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain ; 2 Vall D'Hebron Institute of Oncology and Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ; 3 Immunology Department, CNICV, Madrid, Spain ; 4 Medical Oncology Unit, Human Pathology Department, University of Messina, Messina, Italy ; 5 Department of Medical Oncology, University of Verona, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy ; 6 Pangaea Biotech S.L, Barcelona, Spain ; 7 Cancer Biology and Precision Medicine Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Sciences Institute and Hospital, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain ; 8 Fundación Molecular Oncology Research, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariacarmela Santarpia
- 1 Translational Cancer Research Unit, Instituto Oncológico Dr Rosell, Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain ; 2 Vall D'Hebron Institute of Oncology and Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ; 3 Immunology Department, CNICV, Madrid, Spain ; 4 Medical Oncology Unit, Human Pathology Department, University of Messina, Messina, Italy ; 5 Department of Medical Oncology, University of Verona, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy ; 6 Pangaea Biotech S.L, Barcelona, Spain ; 7 Cancer Biology and Precision Medicine Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Sciences Institute and Hospital, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain ; 8 Fundación Molecular Oncology Research, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Santiago Viteri
- 1 Translational Cancer Research Unit, Instituto Oncológico Dr Rosell, Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain ; 2 Vall D'Hebron Institute of Oncology and Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ; 3 Immunology Department, CNICV, Madrid, Spain ; 4 Medical Oncology Unit, Human Pathology Department, University of Messina, Messina, Italy ; 5 Department of Medical Oncology, University of Verona, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy ; 6 Pangaea Biotech S.L, Barcelona, Spain ; 7 Cancer Biology and Precision Medicine Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Sciences Institute and Hospital, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain ; 8 Fundación Molecular Oncology Research, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Pilotto
- 1 Translational Cancer Research Unit, Instituto Oncológico Dr Rosell, Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain ; 2 Vall D'Hebron Institute of Oncology and Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ; 3 Immunology Department, CNICV, Madrid, Spain ; 4 Medical Oncology Unit, Human Pathology Department, University of Messina, Messina, Italy ; 5 Department of Medical Oncology, University of Verona, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy ; 6 Pangaea Biotech S.L, Barcelona, Spain ; 7 Cancer Biology and Precision Medicine Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Sciences Institute and Hospital, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain ; 8 Fundación Molecular Oncology Research, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Teixidó
- 1 Translational Cancer Research Unit, Instituto Oncológico Dr Rosell, Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain ; 2 Vall D'Hebron Institute of Oncology and Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ; 3 Immunology Department, CNICV, Madrid, Spain ; 4 Medical Oncology Unit, Human Pathology Department, University of Messina, Messina, Italy ; 5 Department of Medical Oncology, University of Verona, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy ; 6 Pangaea Biotech S.L, Barcelona, Spain ; 7 Cancer Biology and Precision Medicine Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Sciences Institute and Hospital, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain ; 8 Fundación Molecular Oncology Research, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aldo Riso
- 1 Translational Cancer Research Unit, Instituto Oncológico Dr Rosell, Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain ; 2 Vall D'Hebron Institute of Oncology and Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ; 3 Immunology Department, CNICV, Madrid, Spain ; 4 Medical Oncology Unit, Human Pathology Department, University of Messina, Messina, Italy ; 5 Department of Medical Oncology, University of Verona, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy ; 6 Pangaea Biotech S.L, Barcelona, Spain ; 7 Cancer Biology and Precision Medicine Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Sciences Institute and Hospital, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain ; 8 Fundación Molecular Oncology Research, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Rosell
- 1 Translational Cancer Research Unit, Instituto Oncológico Dr Rosell, Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain ; 2 Vall D'Hebron Institute of Oncology and Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ; 3 Immunology Department, CNICV, Madrid, Spain ; 4 Medical Oncology Unit, Human Pathology Department, University of Messina, Messina, Italy ; 5 Department of Medical Oncology, University of Verona, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy ; 6 Pangaea Biotech S.L, Barcelona, Spain ; 7 Cancer Biology and Precision Medicine Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Sciences Institute and Hospital, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain ; 8 Fundación Molecular Oncology Research, Barcelona, Spain
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Lazenby M, Hills R, Burnett AK, Zabkiewicz J. The HSP90 inhibitor ganetespib: A potential effective agent for Acute Myeloid Leukemia in combination with cytarabine. Leuk Res 2015; 39:617-24. [PMID: 25882550 PMCID: PMC4452084 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2015.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
HSP90 is a multi-client chaperone involved in regulating a large array of cellular processes and is commonly overexpressed in many different cancer types including hematological malignancies. Inhibition of HSP90 holds promise for targeting multiple molecular abnormalities and is therefore an attractive target for heterogeneous malignancies such as Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). Ganetespib is a highly potent second generation HSP90 inhibitor which we show is significantly more effective against primary AML blasts at nanomolar concentrations when compared with cytarabine (p<0.001). Dose dependant cytotoxicity was observed with an apoptotic response coordinate with the loss of pro-survival signaling through the client protein AKT. Combination treatment of primary blasts with ganetespib and cytarabine showed good synergistic interaction (combination index (CI): 0.47) across a range of drug effects with associated reduction in HSP70 feedback and AKT signaling levels. In summary, we show ganetespib to have high activity in primary AMLs as a monotherapy and a synergistic relationship with cytarabine when combined. The combination of cytotoxic cell death, suppression of cytoprotective/drug resistance mechanisms such as AKT and reduced clinical toxicity compared to other HSP90 inhibitors provide strong rationale for the clinical assessment of ganetespib in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lazenby
- Cardiff Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (ECMC), Department of Haematology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - R Hills
- Cardiff Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (ECMC), Department of Haematology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - A K Burnett
- Cardiff Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (ECMC), Department of Haematology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - J Zabkiewicz
- Cardiff Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (ECMC), Department of Haematology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
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21
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Hao M, Song F, Du X, Wang G, Yang Y, Chen K, Yang J. Advances in targeted therapy for unresectable melanoma: new drugs and combinations. Cancer Lett 2015; 359:1-8. [PMID: 25578781 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is the most deadly cutaneous cancer primarily derived from melanocytes with a poor prognosis in advanced stage. The therapy regimen for early stage melanoma patients is surgical resection with adjuvant IFN-alpha-2b therapy. For metastatic lesions, standard chemotherapy such as dacarbazine (DTIC) has not achieved a satisfying response rate. Therefore, new approaches to manage this deadly disease are highly expected to enhance the cure rate and to extend clinical benefits to patients with unresectable melanoma. Fortunately, the targeted therapeutic drugs and immunotherapy such as vemurafenib, dabrafenib, ipilimumab, and trametinib have shown their special advantage in the treatment of advanced melanoma. This article is to overview the advances in targeted therapy for unresectable melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengze Hao
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Tianjin 30060, PR China; National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute &Hospital, Tianjin 300060, PR China
| | - Fengju Song
- National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute &Hospital, Tianjin 300060, PR China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Tianjin 30060, PR China
| | - Xiaoling Du
- Department of Diagnostics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 30060, PR China
| | - Guowen Wang
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Tianjin 30060, PR China; National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute &Hospital, Tianjin 300060, PR China
| | - Yun Yang
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Tianjin 30060, PR China; National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute &Hospital, Tianjin 300060, PR China
| | - Kexin Chen
- National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute &Hospital, Tianjin 300060, PR China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Tianjin 30060, PR China
| | - Jilong Yang
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Tianjin 30060, PR China; National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute &Hospital, Tianjin 300060, PR China.
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22
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Abstract
The use of small molecule BRAF inhibitors has revolutionized the treatment of advanced melanoma. Despite this, resistance is commonplace and associated with a median progression-free survival of >5 months. Major resistance mechanisms include reactivation of the MAPK pathway and increased PI3K/AKT signaling. Here we review some of the combination therapeutic strategies currently undergoing evaluation for the management of acquired drug resistance in melanoma.
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23
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Lee SL, Dempsey-Hibbert NC, Vimalachandran D, Wardle TD, Sutton P, Williams JHH. Targeting Heat Shock Proteins in Colorectal Cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-17211-8_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Smyth T, Paraiso KHT, Hearn K, Rodriguez-Lopez AM, Munck JM, Haarberg HE, Sondak VK, Thompson NT, Azab M, Lyons JF, Smalley KSM, Wallis NG. Inhibition of HSP90 by AT13387 delays the emergence of resistance to BRAF inhibitors and overcomes resistance to dual BRAF and MEK inhibition in melanoma models. Mol Cancer Ther 2014; 13:2793-2804. [PMID: 25349308 PMCID: PMC4263034 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-14-0452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Emergence of clinical resistance to BRAF inhibitors, alone or in combination with MEK inhibitors, limits clinical responses in melanoma. Inhibiting HSP90 offers an approach to simultaneously interfere with multiple resistance mechanisms. Using the HSP90 inhibitor AT13387, which is currently in clinical trials, we investigated the potential of HSP90 inhibition to overcome or delay the emergence of resistance to these kinase inhibitors in melanoma models. In vitro, treating vemurafenib-sensitive cells (A375 or SK-MEL-28) with a combination of AT13387 and vemurafenib prevented colony growth under conditions in which vemurafenib treatment alone generated resistant colonies. In vivo, when AT13387 was combined with vemurafenib in a SK-MEL-28, vemurafenib-sensitive model, no regrowth of tumors was observed over 5 months, although 2 of 7 tumors in the vemurafenib monotherapy group relapsed in this time. Together, these data suggest that the combination of these agents can delay the emergence of resistance. Cell lines with acquired vemurafenib resistance, derived from these models (A375R and SK-MEL-28R) were also sensitive to HSP90 inhibitor treatment; key clients were depleted, apoptosis was induced, and growth in 3D culture was inhibited. Similar effects were observed in cell lines with acquired resistance to both BRAF and MEK inhibitors (SK-MEL-28RR, WM164RR, and 1205LuRR). These data suggest that treatment with an HSP90 inhibitor, such as AT13387, is a potential approach for combating resistance to BRAF and MEK inhibition in melanoma. Moreover, frontline combination of these agents with an HSP90 inhibitor could delay the emergence of resistance, providing a strong rationale for clinical investigation of such combinations in BRAF-mutated melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Smyth
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, CB4 0QA, UK
| | - Kim H T Paraiso
- The Department of Molecular Oncology, The Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL33612, USA
| | - Keisha Hearn
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, CB4 0QA, UK
| | - Ana M Rodriguez-Lopez
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, CB4 0QA, UK
| | - Joanne M Munck
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, CB4 0QA, UK
| | - H Eirik Haarberg
- The Department of Molecular Oncology, The Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL33612, USA
| | - Vernon K Sondak
- The Department of Cutaneous Oncology, The Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL33612, USA
| | - Neil T Thompson
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, CB4 0QA, UK
| | - Mohammad Azab
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 4140 Dublin Blvd, Suite 200, Dublin, CA94568, USA
| | - John F Lyons
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, CB4 0QA, UK
| | - Keiran S M Smalley
- The Department of Molecular Oncology, The Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL33612, USA
- The Department of Cutaneous Oncology, The Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL33612, USA
| | - Nicola G Wallis
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, CB4 0QA, UK
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Ruan Y, Kovalchuk A, Jayanthan A, Lun X, Nagashima Y, Kovalchuk O, Wright JR, Pinto A, Kirton A, Anderson R, Narendran A. Druggable targets in pediatric neurocutaneous melanocytosis: Molecular and drug sensitivity studies in xenograft and ex vivo tumor cell culture to identify agents for therapy. Neuro Oncol 2014; 17:822-31. [PMID: 25395461 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurocutaneous melanocytosis (NCM) is a rare congenital disorder that presents with pigmented cell lesions of the brain or leptomeninges in children with large or multiple congenital melanocytic nevi. Although the exact pathological processes involved are currently unclear, NCM appears to arise from an abnormal development of melanoblasts or melanocyte precursors. Currently, it has an extremely poor prognosis due to rapid disease progression and lack of effective treatment modalities. METHODS In this study, we report on an experimental approach to examining NCM cells by establishing subcutaneous tumors in nude mice, which can be further expanded for conducting molecular and drug sensitivity experiments. RESULTS Analysis of the NRAS gene-coding sequences of an established NCM cell line (YP-MEL) and NCM patient cells revealed heterogeneity in NRAS Q61K that activated mutation and possibly consequential differential sensitivity to MEK inhibition. Gene expression studies were performed to compare the molecular profiles of NCM cells with normal skin fibroblasts. In vitro cytotoxicity screens of libraries of targeted small-molecule inhibitors revealed prospective agents for further evaluation. CONCLUSIONS Our studies provide an experimental platform for the generation of NCM cells for preclinical studies and the production of molecular and in vitro data with which to identify druggable targets for the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibing Ruan
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Alberta Children's Hospital and POETIC Laboratory for Preclinical and Drug Discovery Studies, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (Y.R., A.J., X.L., R.A., A.N.); Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Canada (A.K., O.K.); Department of Pathology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine and Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.N.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital and Calgary Laboratory Services, Calgary, Canada (J.R.W., A.P.); Department of Neurology, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Canada (A.K.)
| | - Anna Kovalchuk
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Alberta Children's Hospital and POETIC Laboratory for Preclinical and Drug Discovery Studies, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (Y.R., A.J., X.L., R.A., A.N.); Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Canada (A.K., O.K.); Department of Pathology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine and Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.N.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital and Calgary Laboratory Services, Calgary, Canada (J.R.W., A.P.); Department of Neurology, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Canada (A.K.)
| | - Aarthi Jayanthan
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Alberta Children's Hospital and POETIC Laboratory for Preclinical and Drug Discovery Studies, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (Y.R., A.J., X.L., R.A., A.N.); Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Canada (A.K., O.K.); Department of Pathology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine and Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.N.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital and Calgary Laboratory Services, Calgary, Canada (J.R.W., A.P.); Department of Neurology, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Canada (A.K.)
| | - Xueqing Lun
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Alberta Children's Hospital and POETIC Laboratory for Preclinical and Drug Discovery Studies, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (Y.R., A.J., X.L., R.A., A.N.); Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Canada (A.K., O.K.); Department of Pathology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine and Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.N.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital and Calgary Laboratory Services, Calgary, Canada (J.R.W., A.P.); Department of Neurology, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Canada (A.K.)
| | - Yoji Nagashima
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Alberta Children's Hospital and POETIC Laboratory for Preclinical and Drug Discovery Studies, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (Y.R., A.J., X.L., R.A., A.N.); Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Canada (A.K., O.K.); Department of Pathology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine and Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.N.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital and Calgary Laboratory Services, Calgary, Canada (J.R.W., A.P.); Department of Neurology, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Canada (A.K.)
| | - Olga Kovalchuk
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Alberta Children's Hospital and POETIC Laboratory for Preclinical and Drug Discovery Studies, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (Y.R., A.J., X.L., R.A., A.N.); Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Canada (A.K., O.K.); Department of Pathology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine and Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.N.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital and Calgary Laboratory Services, Calgary, Canada (J.R.W., A.P.); Department of Neurology, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Canada (A.K.)
| | - James R Wright
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Alberta Children's Hospital and POETIC Laboratory for Preclinical and Drug Discovery Studies, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (Y.R., A.J., X.L., R.A., A.N.); Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Canada (A.K., O.K.); Department of Pathology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine and Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.N.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital and Calgary Laboratory Services, Calgary, Canada (J.R.W., A.P.); Department of Neurology, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Canada (A.K.)
| | - Alfredo Pinto
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Alberta Children's Hospital and POETIC Laboratory for Preclinical and Drug Discovery Studies, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (Y.R., A.J., X.L., R.A., A.N.); Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Canada (A.K., O.K.); Department of Pathology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine and Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.N.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital and Calgary Laboratory Services, Calgary, Canada (J.R.W., A.P.); Department of Neurology, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Canada (A.K.)
| | - Adam Kirton
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Alberta Children's Hospital and POETIC Laboratory for Preclinical and Drug Discovery Studies, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (Y.R., A.J., X.L., R.A., A.N.); Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Canada (A.K., O.K.); Department of Pathology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine and Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.N.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital and Calgary Laboratory Services, Calgary, Canada (J.R.W., A.P.); Department of Neurology, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Canada (A.K.)
| | - Ronald Anderson
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Alberta Children's Hospital and POETIC Laboratory for Preclinical and Drug Discovery Studies, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (Y.R., A.J., X.L., R.A., A.N.); Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Canada (A.K., O.K.); Department of Pathology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine and Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.N.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital and Calgary Laboratory Services, Calgary, Canada (J.R.W., A.P.); Department of Neurology, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Canada (A.K.)
| | - Aru Narendran
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Alberta Children's Hospital and POETIC Laboratory for Preclinical and Drug Discovery Studies, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (Y.R., A.J., X.L., R.A., A.N.); Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Canada (A.K., O.K.); Department of Pathology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine and Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.N.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital and Calgary Laboratory Services, Calgary, Canada (J.R.W., A.P.); Department of Neurology, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Canada (A.K.)
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Beyond BRAF: where next for melanoma therapy? Br J Cancer 2014; 112:217-26. [PMID: 25180764 PMCID: PMC4453440 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, melanoma has become a poster-child for the development of oncogene-directed targeted therapies. This approach, which has been exemplified by the development of small-molecule BRAF inhibitors and the BRAF/MEK inhibitor combination for BRAF-mutant melanoma, has brought new hope to patients. Despite these successes, treatment failure seems near inevitable in the majority of cases—even in individuals treated with the BRAF/MEK inhibitor doublet. In the current review, we discuss the future of combination strategies for patients with BRAF-mutant melanoma as well as the emerging therapeutic options for patients with NRAS-mutant and BRAF/NRAS-wild-type melanoma. We also outline some of the newest developments in the in-depth personalisation of therapy that should allow melanoma treatment to continue shaping the field precision cancer medicine.
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27
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Rebecca VW, Smalley KSM. Change or die: targeting adaptive signaling to kinase inhibition in cancer cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 91:417-25. [PMID: 25107706 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Small molecule kinase inhibitors have proven enormously successful at delivering impressive responses in patients with cancers as diverse as chronic myeloid-leukemia, melanoma, breast cancer and small cell lung cancer. Despite this, resistance is commonplace and most patients ultimately fail therapy. One emerging observation is the rapid rewiring of signaling that occurs across multiple cancer types when driver oncogene function is inhibited. These adaptive signaling changes seem critical in delivering some of the earliest survival signals that allow small numbers of cells to evade therapy. In this commentary we review the mechanisms that contribute to the robustness of signaling networks within cancer cells and suggest new therapeutic strategies to limit treatment failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito W Rebecca
- The Department of Molecular Oncology, The Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, United States
| | - Keiran S M Smalley
- The Department of Molecular Oncology, The Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, United States; Department of Cutaneous Oncology, The Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, United States.
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28
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Xue L, Hou J, Wang Q, Yao L, Xu S, Ge D. RNAi screening identifies HAT1 as a potential drug target in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2014; 7:3898-3907. [PMID: 25120766 PMCID: PMC4129001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal carcinoma (EC) is one of the most fatal carcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract. Aberrant activity of histone acetyltransferases (HATs)/deacetylases (HDACs) play a critical role in carcinogenesis through the regulation of the genes involved in cell differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. However, cellular functions of HATs/HDACs in esophageal cancer and its molecular mechanisms remain unclear. An RNAi screen was used in this study to identify the histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and deacetylases (HDACs) that could be critical for the survival of EC cells. We demonstrated that HAT1 (histone acetyltransferase 1) was an important determinant to regulate the proliferation of human EC Eca-109 cells. Furthermore, we showed that the knockdown of HAT1 induced a G2/M cell cycle arrest, which was associated with the disruption of cell cycle-related events, including the decrease of cyclinD1 as well as alteration in cyclinB1 expression. The expression of HAT1 was validated to be higher in the primary tumors and adjacent tissue as compared to that of the normal esophageal tissue. Furthermore, we found that HAT1 expression was directly correlated with the poor tumor differentiation of EC tissue, which suggested that HAT1 played an important role in esophageal carcinoma and that it could be a novel EC therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xue
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan HospitalShanghai 200032, China
| | - Jun Hou
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan HospitalShanghai 200032, China
| | - Qun Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan HospitalShanghai 200032, China
| | - Liqing Yao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan HospitalShanghai 200032, China
| | - Songtao Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan HospitalShanghai 200032, China
| | - Di Ge
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan HospitalShanghai 200032, China
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29
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Rebecca VW, Wood E, Fedorenko IV, Paraiso KHT, Haarberg HE, Chen Y, Xiang Y, Sarnaik A, Gibney GT, Sondak VK, Koomen JM, Smalley KSM. Evaluating melanoma drug response and therapeutic escape with quantitative proteomics. Mol Cell Proteomics 2014; 13:1844-54. [PMID: 24760959 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m113.037424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolution of cancer therapy into complex regimens with multiple drugs requires novel approaches for the development and evaluation of companion biomarkers. Liquid chromatography-multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry (LC-MRM) is a versatile platform for biomarker measurement. In this study, we describe the development and use of the LC-MRM platform to study the adaptive signaling responses of melanoma cells to inhibitors of HSP90 (XL888) and MEK (AZD6244). XL888 had good anti-tumor activity against NRAS mutant melanoma cell lines as well as BRAF mutant cells with acquired resistance to BRAF inhibitors both in vitro and in vivo. LC-MRM analysis showed HSP90 inhibition to be associated with decreased expression of multiple receptor tyrosine kinases, modules in the PI3K/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway, and the MAPK/CDK4 signaling axis in NRAS mutant melanoma cell lines and the inhibition of PI3K/AKT signaling in BRAF mutant melanoma xenografts with acquired vemurafenib resistance. The LC-MRM approach targeting more than 80 cancer signaling proteins was highly sensitive and could be applied to fine needle aspirates from xenografts and clinical melanoma specimens (using 50 μg of total protein). We further showed MEK inhibition to be associated with signaling through the NFκB and WNT signaling pathways, as well as increased receptor tyrosine kinase expression and activation. Validation studies identified PDGF receptor β signaling as a potential escape mechanism from MEK inhibition, which could be overcome through combined use of AZD6244 and the PDGF receptor inhibitor, crenolanib. Together, our studies show LC-MRM to have unique value as a platform for the systems level understanding of the molecular mechanisms of drug response and therapeutic escape. This work provides the proof-of-principle for the future development of LC-MRM assays for monitoring drug responses in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yi Chen
- From the ‡Departments of Molecular Oncology
| | - Yun Xiang
- From the ‡Departments of Molecular Oncology
| | | | | | | | - John M Koomen
- From the ‡Departments of Molecular Oncology, ‖Chemical Biology and Molecular Medicine, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612
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30
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Bucheit AD, Davies MA. Emerging insights into resistance to BRAF inhibitors in melanoma. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 87:381-9. [PMID: 24291778 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2013] [Revised: 11/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer. The treatment of patients with advanced melanoma is rapidly evolving due to an improved understanding of molecular drivers of this disease. Somatic mutations in BRAF are the most common genetic alteration found in these tumors. Recently, two different mutant-selective small molecule inhibitors of BRAF, vemurafenib and dabrafenib, have gained regulatory approval based on positive results in randomized phase III trials. While the development of these agents represents a landmark in the treatment of melanoma, the benefit of these agents is limited by the frequent and rapid onset of resistance. The identification of several molecular mechanisms of resistance to BRAF inhibitors is rapidly leading to the clinical testing of combinatorial strategies to improve the clinical benefit of these agents. These mechanisms, and the lessons learned from the initial testing of the BRAF inhibitors, provide multiple insights that may facilitate the development of targeted therapies against other oncogenic mutations in melanoma, as well as in other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda D Bucheit
- Department of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Michael A Davies
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, United States; Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, United States.
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31
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Acquaviva J, Smith DL, Jimenez JP, Zhang C, Sequeira M, He S, Sang J, Bates RC, Proia DA. Overcoming Acquired BRAF Inhibitor Resistance in Melanoma via Targeted Inhibition of Hsp90 with Ganetespib. Mol Cancer Ther 2014; 13:353-63. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-13-0481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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32
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Liu H, Xiao F, Serebriiskii IG, O’Brien SW, Maglaty MA, Astsaturov I, Litwin S, Martin LP, Proia DA, Golemis EA, Connolly DC. Network analysis identifies an HSP90-central hub susceptible in ovarian cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:5053-67. [PMID: 23900136 PMCID: PMC3778161 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-1115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is usually detected at an advanced stage and is frequently lethal. Although many patients respond to initial surgery and standard chemotherapy consisting of a platinum-based agent and a taxane, most experience recurrence and eventually treatment-resistant disease. Although there have been numerous efforts to apply protein-targeted agents in EOC, these studies have so far documented little efficacy. Our goal was to identify broadly susceptible signaling proteins or pathways in EOC. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN As a new approach, we conducted data-mining meta-analyses integrating results from multiple siRNA screens to identify gene targets that showed significant inhibition of cell growth. On the basis of this meta-analysis, we established that many genes with such activity were clients of the protein chaperone HSP90. We therefore assessed ganetespib, a clinically promising second-generation small-molecule HSP90 inhibitor, for activity against EOC, both as a single agent and in combination with cytotoxic and targeted therapeutic agents. RESULTS Ganetespib significantly reduced cell growth, induced cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in vitro, inhibited growth of orthotopic xenografts and spontaneous ovarian tumors in transgenic mice in vivo, and inhibited expression and activation of numerous proteins linked to EOC progression. Importantly, paclitaxel significantly potentiated ganetespib activity in cultured cells and tumors. Moreover, combined treatment of cells with ganetespib and siRNAs or small molecules inhibiting genes identified in the meta-analysis in several cases resulted in enhanced activity. CONCLUSION These results strongly support investigation of ganetespib, a single-targeted agent with effects on numerous proteins and pathways, in augmenting standard EOC therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanqing Liu
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Fang Xiao
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ilya G. Serebriiskii
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shane W. O’Brien
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marisa A. Maglaty
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Igor Astsaturov
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Samuel Litwin
- Biostatistics Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lainie P. Martin
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Erica A. Golemis
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Denise C. Connolly
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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