1
|
Quigley RM, Kearney M, Kennedy OD, Duncan HF. Tissue engineering approaches for dental pulp regeneration: The development of novel bioactive materials using pharmacological epigenetic inhibitors. Bioact Mater 2024; 40:182-211. [PMID: 38966600 PMCID: PMC11223092 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The drive for minimally invasive endodontic treatment strategies has shifted focus from technically complex and destructive root canal treatments towards more conservative vital pulp treatment. However, novel approaches to maintaining dental pulp vitality after disease or trauma will require the development of innovative, biologically-driven regenerative medicine strategies. For example, cell-homing and cell-based therapies have recently been developed in vitro and trialled in preclinical models to study dental pulp regeneration. These approaches utilise natural and synthetic scaffolds that can deliver a range of bioactive pharmacological epigenetic modulators (HDACis, DNMTis, and ncRNAs), which are cost-effective and easily applied to stimulate pulp tissue regrowth. Unfortunately, many biological factors hinder the clinical development of regenerative therapies, including a lack of blood supply and poor infection control in the necrotic root canal system. Additional challenges include a need for clinically relevant models and manufacturing challenges such as scalability, cost concerns, and regulatory issues. This review will describe the current state of bioactive-biomaterial/scaffold-based engineering strategies to stimulate dentine-pulp regeneration, explicitly focusing on epigenetic modulators and therapeutic pharmacological inhibition. It will highlight the components of dental pulp regenerative approaches, describe their current limitations, and offer suggestions for the effective translation of novel epigenetic-laden bioactive materials for innovative therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ross M. Quigley
- Division of Restorative Dentistry & Periodontology, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), University of Dublin, Lincoln Place, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michaela Kearney
- Division of Restorative Dentistry & Periodontology, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), University of Dublin, Lincoln Place, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Oran D. Kennedy
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
- The Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering (TCBE) and the Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) and Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Henry F. Duncan
- Division of Restorative Dentistry & Periodontology, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), University of Dublin, Lincoln Place, Dublin, Ireland
- The Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering (TCBE) and the Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) and Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lu M, Zhu M, Wu Z, Liu W, Cao C, Shi J. The role of YAP/TAZ on joint and arthritis. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23636. [PMID: 38752683 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202302273rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are two common forms of arthritis with undefined etiology and pathogenesis. Yes-associated protein (YAP) and its homolog transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), which act as sensors for cellular mechanical and inflammatory cues, have been identified as crucial players in the regulation of joint homeostasis. Current studies also reveal a significant association between YAP/TAZ and the pathogenesis of OA and RA. The objective of this review is to elucidate the impact of YAP/TAZ on different joint tissues and to provide inspiration for further studying the potential therapeutic implications of YAP/TAZ on arthritis. Databases, such as PubMed, Cochran Library, and Embase, were searched for all available studies during the past two decades, with keywords "YAP," "TAZ," "OA," and "RA."
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingcheng Lu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengqi Zhu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zuping Wu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chuwen Cao
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiejun Shi
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Logan NJ, Broda KL, Pantelireis N, Williams G, Higgins CA. Chromatin accessibility profiling reveals that human fibroblasts respond to mechanical stimulation in a cell-specific manner. JBMR Plus 2024; 8:ziae025. [PMID: 38682000 PMCID: PMC11055960 DOI: 10.1093/jbmrpl/ziae025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts in the skin are highly heterogeneous, both in vivo and in vitro. One difference between follicular (dermal papilla fibroblasts [DP]) and interfollicular fibroblasts (papillary fibroblasts [PFi]) in vitro is their ability to differentiate in response to osteogenic media (OM), or mechanical stimulation. Here, we asked whether differences in the ability of DP and PFi to respond to differentiation stimuli are due to differences in chromatin accessibility. We performed chromatin accessibility and transcriptional profiling of DP and PFi in human skin, which arise from a common progenitor during development, yet display distinct characteristics in adult tissue and in vitro. We found that cells cultured in growth media had unique chromatin accessibility profiles; however, these profiles control similar functional networks. Upon introduction of a chemical perturbation (OM) to promote differentiation, we observed a divergence not only in the accessible chromatin signatures but also in the functional networks controlled by these signatures. The biggest divergence between DP and PFi was observed when we applied 2 perturbations to cells: growth in OM and mechanical stimulation (a shock wave [OMSW]). DP readily differentiate into bone in OMSW conditions, while PFi lack differentiation capability in vitro. In the DP we found a number of uniquely accessible promoters that controlled osteogenic interaction networks associated with bone and differentiation functions. Using ATAC-seq and RNA-seq we found that the combination of 2 stimuli (OMSW) could result in significant changes in chromatin accessibility associated with osteogenic differentiation, but only within the DP (capable of osteogenic differentiation). De novo motif analysis identified enrichment of motifs bound by the TEA domain (TEAD) family of transcription factors, and inter-cell comparisons (UpSet analysis) displayed large groups of genes to be unique to single cell types and conditions. Our results suggest that these 2 stimuli (OMSW) elicit cell-specific responses by modifying chromatin accessibility of osteogenic-related gene promoters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niall J Logan
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Krystyna L Broda
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Nikolaos Pantelireis
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Greg Williams
- Farjo Hair Institute, Manchester, M3 3EJ, United Kingdom
| | - Claire A Higgins
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li Y, Yang S, Yang S. IFT20 and WWTR1 govern bone homeostasis via synchronously regulating the expression and stability of TβRII in osteoblast lineage cells. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4009802. [PMID: 38562782 PMCID: PMC10984095 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4009802/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Balance of bone and marrow fat formation is critical for bone homeostasis. The imbalance of bone homeostasis will cause various bone diseases, such as osteoporosis. However, the precise mechanisms governing osteoporotic bone loss and marrow adipose tissue (MAT) accumulation remain poorly understood. By analysis of publicly available databases from bone samples of osteoporosis patients, we found that the expression of intraflagellar transport 20 (IFT20) and WW domain containing transcription regulator 1 (WWTR1) were significantly downregulated in osteoblast lineage cells. Additionally, we found that double deletions of IFT20 and WWTR1 in osteoblasts resulted in a significant accumulation of MAT and bone loss. Moreover, IFT20 and WWTR1 deficiency in osteoblasts exacerbated bone-fat imbalance in ovariectomy (OVX)- and high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced osteoporosis mouse models. Mechanistically, we found that deletions of IFT20 and WWTR1 in osteoblasts synergistically inhibited osteogenesis and promoted adipogenesis and osteoclastogenesis. We also found that IFT20 interacted with TGF-β receptor type II (TβRII) to enhance TβRII stability by blocking c-Cbl-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of TβRII. WWTR1 transcriptionally upregulated TβRII expression by directly binding its promoter. These findings indicate that targeting IFT20/WWTR1 may be a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Basic & Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Shuting Yang
- Department of Basic & Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Shuying Yang
- Department of Basic & Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- The Penn Center for Musculoskeletal Disorders, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kwon Y. YAP/TAZ as Molecular Targets in Skeletal Muscle Atrophy and Osteoporosis. Aging Dis 2024:AD.2024.0306. [PMID: 38502585 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2024.0306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscles and bones are closely connected anatomically and functionally. Age-related degeneration in these tissues is associated with physical disability in the elderly and significantly impacts their quality of life. Understanding the mechanisms of age-related musculoskeletal tissue degeneration is crucial for identifying molecular targets for therapeutic interventions for skeletal muscle atrophy and osteoporosis. The Hippo pathway is a recently identified signaling pathway that plays critical roles in development, tissue homeostasis, and regeneration. The Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) are key downstream effectors of the mammalian Hippo signaling pathway. This review highlights the fundamental roles of YAP and TAZ in the homeostatic maintenance and regeneration of skeletal muscles and bones. YAP/TAZ play a significant role in stem cell function by relaying various environmental signals to stem cells. Skeletal muscle atrophy and osteoporosis are related to stem cell dysfunction or senescence triggered by YAP/TAZ dysregulation resulting from reduced mechanosensing and mitochondrial function in stem cells. In contrast, the maintenance of YAP/TAZ activation can suppress stem cell senescence and tissue dysfunction and may be used as a basis for the development of potential therapeutic strategies. Thus, targeting YAP/TAZ holds significant therapeutic potential for alleviating age-related muscle and bone dysfunction and improving the quality of life in the elderly.
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhao Z, Geng Y, Ni Q, Chen Y, Cao Y, Lu Y, Wang H, Wang R, Sun W. IFT80 promotes early bone healing of tooth sockets through the activation of TAZ/RUNX2 pathway. Oral Dis 2024. [PMID: 38287672 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Intraflagellar transport (IFT) proteins have been reported to regulate cell growth and differentiation as the essential functional component of primary cilia. The effects of IFT80 on early bone healing of extraction sockets have not been well studied. To investigate whether deletion of Ift80 in alveolar bone-derived mesenchymal stem cells (aBMSCs) affected socket bone healing, we generated a mouse model of specific knockout of Ift80 in Prx1 mesenchymal lineage cells (Prx1Cre ;IFT80f/f ). Our results demonstrated that deletion of IFT80 in Prx1 lineage cells decreased the trabecular bone volume, ALP-positive osteoblastic activity, TRAP-positive osteoclastic activity, and OSX-/COL I-/OCN-positive areas in tooth extraction sockets of Prx1Cre ; IFT80f/f mice compared with IFT80f/f littermates. Furthermore, aBMSCs from Prx1Cre ; IFT80f/f mice showed significantly decreased osteogenic markers and downregulated migration and proliferation capacity. Importantly, the overexpression of TAZ recovered significantly the expressions of osteogenic markers and migration capacity of aBMSCs. Lastly, the local administration of lentivirus for TAZ enhanced the expression of RUNX2 and OSX and promoted early bone healing of extraction sockets from Prx1Cre ; IFT80f/f mice. Thus, IFT80 promotes osteogenesis and early bone healing of tooth sockets through the activation of TAZ/RUNX2 pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Zhao
- Department of Basic Science of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Dental Implantology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Geng
- Department of Basic Science of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiaoqi Ni
- Department of Basic Science of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Basic Science of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanan Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Dental Implantology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yahui Lu
- Department of Basic Science of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Basic Science of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruixia Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Dental Implantology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen Sun
- Department of Basic Science of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Xiao Z, Cao L, Smith MD, Li H, Li W, Smith JC, Quarles LD. Genetic interactions between polycystin-1 and Wwtr1 in osteoblasts define a novel mechanosensing mechanism regulating bone formation in mice. Bone Res 2023; 11:57. [PMID: 37884491 PMCID: PMC10603112 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-023-00295-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular mechanisms transducing physical forces in the bone microenvironment to regulate bone mass are poorly understood. Here, we used mouse genetics, mechanical loading, and pharmacological approaches to test the possibility that polycystin-1 and Wwtr1 have interdependent mechanosensing functions in osteoblasts. We created and compared the skeletal phenotypes of control Pkd1flox/+;Wwtr1flox/+, Pkd1Oc-cKO, Wwtr1Oc-cKO, and Pkd1/Wwtr1Oc-cKO mice to investigate genetic interactions. Consistent with an interaction between polycystins and Wwtr1 in bone in vivo, Pkd1/Wwtr1Oc-cKO mice exhibited greater reductions of BMD and periosteal MAR than either Wwtr1Oc-cKO or Pkd1Oc-cKO mice. Micro-CT 3D image analysis indicated that the reduction in bone mass was due to greater loss in both trabecular bone volume and cortical bone thickness in Pkd1/Wwtr1Oc-cKO mice compared to either Pkd1Oc-cKO or Wwtr1Oc-cKO mice. Pkd1/Wwtr1Oc-cKO mice also displayed additive reductions in mechanosensing and osteogenic gene expression profiles in bone compared to Pkd1Oc-cKO or Wwtr1Oc-cKO mice. Moreover, we found that Pkd1/Wwtr1Oc-cKO mice exhibited impaired responses to tibia mechanical loading in vivo and attenuation of load-induced mechanosensing gene expression compared to control mice. Finally, control mice treated with a small molecule mechanomimetic, MS2 that activates the polycystin complex resulted in marked increases in femoral BMD and periosteal MAR compared to vehicle control. In contrast, Pkd1/Wwtr1Oc-cKO mice were resistant to the anabolic effects of MS2. These findings suggest that PC1 and Wwtr1 form an anabolic mechanotransduction signaling complex that mediates mechanical loading responses and serves as a potential novel therapeutic target for treating osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhousheng Xiao
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.
| | - Li Cao
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Micholas Dean Smith
- UT/ORNL Center for Molecular Biophysics, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, 37996-1939, USA
| | - Hanxuan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Jeremy C Smith
- UT/ORNL Center for Molecular Biophysics, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, 37996-1939, USA
| | - Leigh Darryl Quarles
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Feng Z, Tao S, Huang Z, Zheng B, Kong X, Xiang Y, Zhang Q, Song H, Xu Z, Wei X, Zhao F, Chen J. The deubiquitinase UCHL1 negatively controls osteoclastogenesis by regulating TAZ/NFATC1 signalling. Int J Biol Sci 2023; 19:2319-2332. [PMID: 37215988 PMCID: PMC10197889 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.82152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin‒proteasome system (UPS) plays a key role in maintaining protein homeostasis and bone remodelling. However, the role of deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) in bone resorption is still not well defined. Here, we identified the deubiquitinase ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase 1 (UCHL1) as a negative regulator of osteoclastogenesis by using the GEO database, proteomic analysis, and RNAi. Osteoclast-specific UCHL1 conditional knockout mice exhibited a severe osteoporosis phenotype in an ovariectomized model. Mechanistically, UCHL1 deubiquitinated and stabilized the transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) at the K46 residue, thereby inhibiting osteoclastogenesis. The TAZ protein underwent K48-linked polyubiquitination, which was degraded by UCHL1. As a substrate of UCHL1, TAZ regulates NFATC1 through a nontranscriptional coactivator function by competing with calcineurin A (CNA) for binding to NFATC1, which inhibits NFATC1 dephosphorylation and nuclear transport to impede osteoclastogenesis. Moreover, overexpression of UCHL1 locally alleviated acute and chronic bone loss. These findings suggest that activating UCHL1 may serve as a novel therapeutic approach targeting bone loss in various bone pathological states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Feng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Siyue Tao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhaobo Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bingjie Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangxi Kong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yufeng Xiang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qibin Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haixin Song
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhikun Xu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoan Wei
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fengdong Zhao
- ✉ Corresponding authors: Jian Chen () and Fengdong Zhao ()
| | - Jian Chen
- ✉ Corresponding authors: Jian Chen () and Fengdong Zhao ()
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yang Y, Yuan L, Cao H, Guo J, Zhou X, Zeng Z. Application and Molecular Mechanisms of Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Osteoporosis. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:6346-6367. [PMID: 36547094 PMCID: PMC9776574 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44120433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) is a chronic bone disease characterized by decreased bone mass, destroyed bone microstructure, and increased bone fragility. Accumulative evidence shows that extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) (MSC-EVs), especially exosomes (Exos), exhibit great potential in the treatment of OP. However, the research on MSC-EVs in the treatment of OP is still in the initial stage. The potential mechanism has not been fully clarified. Therefore, by reviewing the relevant literature of MSC-EVs and OP in recent years, we summarized the latest application of bone targeted MSC-EVs in the treatment of OP and further elaborated the potential mechanism of MSC-EVs in regulating bone formation, bone resorption, bone angiogenesis, and immune regulation through internal bioactive molecules to alleviate OP, providing a theoretical basis for the related research of MSC-EVs in the treatment of OP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Yang
- School of Sport Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
- Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen 518116, China
| | - Lei Yuan
- School of Sport Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hong Cao
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jianmin Guo
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xuchang Zhou
- School of Sport Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
- Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen 518116, China
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zhipeng Zeng
- School of Sport Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mechanical regulation of bone remodeling. Bone Res 2022; 10:16. [PMID: 35181672 PMCID: PMC8857305 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-022-00190-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone remodeling is a lifelong process that gives rise to a mature, dynamic bone structure via a balance between bone formation by osteoblasts and resorption by osteoclasts. These opposite processes allow the accommodation of bones to dynamic mechanical forces, altering bone mass in response to changing conditions. Mechanical forces are indispensable for bone homeostasis; skeletal formation, resorption, and adaptation are dependent on mechanical signals, and loss of mechanical stimulation can therefore significantly weaken the bone structure, causing disuse osteoporosis and increasing the risk of fracture. The exact mechanisms by which the body senses and transduces mechanical forces to regulate bone remodeling have long been an active area of study among researchers and clinicians. Such research will lead to a deeper understanding of bone disorders and identify new strategies for skeletal rejuvenation. Here, we will discuss the mechanical properties, mechanosensitive cell populations, and mechanotransducive signaling pathways of the skeletal system.
Collapse
|
11
|
Truong D, Cherradi-Lamhamedi SE, Ludwig JA. Targeting the IGF/PI3K/mTOR Pathway and AXL/YAP1/TAZ pathways in Primary Bone Cancer. J Bone Oncol 2022; 33:100419. [PMID: 35251924 PMCID: PMC8892134 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2022.100419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary bone cancers (PBC) belong to the family of mesenchymal tumors classified based on their cellular origin, extracellular matrix, genetic regulation, and epigenetic modification. The three major PBC types, Ewing sarcoma, osteosarcoma, and chondrosarcoma, are frequently aggressive tumors, highly metastatic, and typically occur in children and young adults. Despite their distinct origins and pathogenesis, these sarcoma subtypes rely upon common signaling pathways to promote tumor progression, metastasis, and survival. The IGF/PI3K/mTOR and AXL/YAP/TAZ pathways, in particular, have gained significant attention recently given their ties to oncogenesis, cell fate and differentiation, metastasis, and drug resistance. Naturally, these pathways – and their protein constituents – have caught the eye of the pharmaceutical industry, and a wide array of small molecule inhibitors and antibody drug-conjugates have emerged. Here, we review how the IGF/PI3K/mTOR and AXL/YAP/TAZ pathways promote PBC and highlight the drug candidates under clinical trial investigation.
Collapse
|
12
|
Zarka M, Haÿ E, Cohen-Solal M. YAP/TAZ in Bone and Cartilage Biology. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:788773. [PMID: 35059398 PMCID: PMC8764375 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.788773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
YAP and TAZ were initially described as the main regulators of organ growth during development and more recently implicated in bone biology. YAP and TAZ are regulated by mechanical and cytoskeletal cues that lead to the control of cell fate in response to the cellular microenvironment. The mechanical component represents a major signal for bone tissue adaptation and remodelling, so YAP/TAZ contributes significantly in bone and cartilage homeostasis. Recently, mice and cellular models have been developed to investigate the precise roles of YAP/TAZ in bone and cartilage cells, and which appear to be crucial. This review provides an overview of YAP/TAZ regulation and function, notably providing new insights into the role of YAP/TAZ in bone biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mylène Zarka
- INSERM UMR 1132 BIOSCAR, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France.,Faculté de Santé, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Eric Haÿ
- INSERM UMR 1132 BIOSCAR, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France.,Faculté de Santé, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Martine Cohen-Solal
- INSERM UMR 1132 BIOSCAR, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France.,Faculté de Santé, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Park BH, Jeong ES, Lee S, Jang JH. Bio-functionalization and in-vitro evaluation of titanium surface with recombinant fibronectin and elastin fragment in human mesenchymal stem cell. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260760. [PMID: 34914752 PMCID: PMC8675760 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Titanium is a biomaterial that meets a number of important requirements, including excellent mechanical and chemical properties, but has low bioactivity. To improve cellular response onto titanium surfaces and hence its osseointegration, the titanium surface was bio-functionalized to mimic an extracellular matrix (ECM)-like microenvironment that positively influences the behavior of stem cells. In this respect, fibronectin and elastin are important components of the ECM that regulate stem cell differentiation by supporting the biological microenvironment. However, each native ECM is unsuitable due to its high production cost and immunogenicity. To overcome these problems, a recombinant chimeric fibronectin type III9-10 and elastin-like peptide fragments (FN9-10ELP) was developed herein and applied to the bio-functionalized of the titanium surface. An evaluation of the biological activity and cellular responses with respect to bone regeneration indicated a 4-week sustainability on the FN9-10ELP functionalized titanium surface without an initial burst effect. In particular, the adhesion and proliferation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) was significantly increased on the FN9-10ELP coated titanium compared to that observed on the non-coated titanium. The FN9-10ELP coated titanium induced osteogenic differentiation such as the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mineralization activity. In addition, expressions of osteogenesis-related genes such as a collagen type I (Col I), Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), osteopontin (OPN), osteocalcin (OCN), bone sialo protein (BSP), and PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) were further increased. Thus, in vitro the FN9-10ELP functionalization titanium not only sustained bioactivity but also induced osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs to improve bone regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Hyun Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Eui-Seung Jeong
- Department of Biochemistry, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Sujin Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jun-Hyeog Jang
- Department of Biochemistry, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Luu AK, Wood GA, Viloria-Petit AM. Recent Advances in the Discovery of Biomarkers for Canine Osteosarcoma. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:734965. [PMID: 34660770 PMCID: PMC8517113 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.734965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine osteosarcoma (OSA) is an aggressive malignancy that frequently metastasizes to the lung and bone. Not only has there been essentially no improvement in therapeutic outcome over the past 3 decades, but there is also a lack of reliable biomarkers in clinical practice. This makes it difficult to discriminate which patients will most benefit from the standard treatment of amputation and adjuvant chemotherapy. The development of reliable diagnostic biomarkers could aid in the clinical diagnosis of primary OSA and metastasis; while prognostic, and predictive biomarkers could allow clinicians to stratify patients to predict response to treatment and outcome. This review summarizes biomarkers that have been explored in canine OSA to date. The focus is on molecular biomarkers identified in tumor samples as well as emerging biomarkers that have been identified in blood-based (liquid) biopsies, including circulating tumor cells, microRNAs, and extracellular vesicles. Lastly, we propose future directions in biomarker research to ensure they can be incorporated into a clinical setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anita K Luu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Geoffrey A Wood
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Alicia M Viloria-Petit
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zamuner A, Brun P, Ciccimarra R, Ravanetti F, Veschini L, Elsayed H, Sivolella S, Iucci G, Porzionato A, Silvio LD, Cacchioli A, Bernardo E, Dettin M. Biofunctionalization of bioactive ceramic scaffolds to increase the cell response for bone regeneration. Biomed Mater 2021; 16. [PMID: 34271554 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac1555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Biofunctionalization was investigated for polymers and metals considering their scarce integration ability. On the contrary few studies dealt with ceramic biofunctionalization because the bioactive and bioresorbable surfaces of ceramics are able to positively interact with biological environment. In this study the cell-response improvement on biofunctionalized wollastonite and diopside-based scaffolds was demonstrated. The ceramics were first obtained by heat treatment of a silicone embedding reactive oxide fillers and then biofunctionalized with adhesive peptides mapped on vitronectin. The most promisingin vitroresults, in terms of h-osteoblast proliferation and bone-related gene expression, were reached anchoring selectively a peptide stable toward proteolytic degradation induced by serum-enriched medium. Inin vivoassays the anchoring of this protease-stable adhesive peptide was combined with self-assembling peptides, for increasing cell viability and angiogenesis. The results demonstrated external and internal cell colonization of biofunctionalized scaffolds with formation of new blood vessels (neoangiogenesis) and stimulation of ectopic mineralization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annj Zamuner
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 9, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Paola Brun
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Gabelli 63, Padova 35127, Italy
| | - Roberta Ciccimarra
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, Parma 43126, Italy
| | - Francesca Ravanetti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, Parma 43126, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Veschini
- Academic Centre of Reconstructive Sciences, King's College, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Hamada Elsayed
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 9, Padova 35131, Italy.,Ceramics Department, National Research Centre, El-Bohous Street, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Stefano Sivolella
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Via Nicolò Giustiniani, 5, Padova 35128, Italy
| | - Giovanna Iucci
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University of Rome, Via della Vasca Navale 79, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Porzionato
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Via Nicolò Giustiniani, 5, Padova 35128, Italy
| | - Lucy Di Silvio
- Centre for Oral Clinical and Translational Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Antonio Cacchioli
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, Parma 43126, Italy
| | - Enrico Bernardo
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 9, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Monica Dettin
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 9, Padova 35131, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yang W, Lu X, Zhang T, Han W, Li J, He W, Jia Y, Zhao K, Qin A, Qian Y. TAZ inhibits osteoclastogenesis by attenuating TAK1/NF-κB signaling. Bone Res 2021; 9:33. [PMID: 34253712 PMCID: PMC8275679 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-021-00151-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is an osteolytic disorder commonly associated with excessive osteoclast formation. Transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) is a key downstream effector of the Hippo signaling pathway; it was suggested to be involved in the regulation of bone homeostasis. However, the exact role of TAZ in osteoclasts has not yet been established. In this study, we demonstrated that global knockout and osteoclast-specific knockout of TAZ led to a low-bone mass phenotype due to elevated osteoclast formation, which was further evidenced by in vitro osteoclast formation assays. Moreover, the overexpression of TAZ inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclast formation, whereas silencing of TAZ reduced it. Mechanistically, TAZ bound to TGF-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) and reciprocally inhibited NF-κB signaling, suppressing osteoclast differentiation. Collectively, our findings highlight an essential role of TAZ in the regulation of osteoclastogenesis in osteoporosis and its underlying mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanlei Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Xuanyuan Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Tan Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Weiqi Han
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Jianlei Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yewei Jia
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Kangxian Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - An Qin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yu Qian
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, Zhejiang, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Li Y, Yang S, Qin L, Yang S. TAZ is required for chondrogenesis and skeletal development. Cell Discov 2021; 7:26. [PMID: 33879790 PMCID: PMC8058044 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-021-00254-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Chondrogenesis is a major contributor to skeletal development and maintenance, as well as bone repair. Transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) is a key regulator of osteogenesis and adipogenesis, but how TAZ regulates chondrogenesis and skeletal development remains undefined. Here, we found that TAZ expression is gradually increased during chondrogenic differentiation. Deletion of TAZ in chondrocyte lineage impaired articular and growth plate, as well as the bone development in TAZ-deficient mice. Consistently, loss of TAZ impaired fracture healing. Mechanistically, we found that ectopic expression of TAZ markedly promoted chondroprogenitor proliferation, while deletion of TAZ impaired chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation. TAZ associated with Sox5 to regulate the expression and stability of Sox5 and downstream chondrocyte marker genes' expression. In addition, overexpression of TAZ enhanced Col10a1 expression and promoted chondrocyte maturation, which was blocked by deletion of TAZ. Overall, our findings demonstrated that TAZ is required for skeletal development and joint maintenance that provided new insights into therapeutic strategies for fracture healing, heterotopic ossification, osteoarthritis, and other bone diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Basic & Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Shuting Yang
- Department of Basic & Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ling Qin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Shuying Yang
- Department of Basic & Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- The Penn Center for Musculoskeletal Disorders, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Center for Innovation & Precision Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Jeong MG, Kim HK, Hwang ES. The essential role of TAZ in normal tissue homeostasis. Arch Pharm Res 2021; 44:253-262. [PMID: 33770379 PMCID: PMC8009801 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-021-01322-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) has been extensively characterized in organ development, tissue regeneration, and tumor progression. In particular, TAZ functions as a Hippo mediator that regulates organ size, tumor growth and migration. It is highly expressed in various types of human cancer, and has been reported to be associated with tumor metastasis and poor outcomes in cancer patients, suggesting that TAZ is an oncogenic regulator. Yes-associated protein (YAP) has 60% similarity in amino acid sequence to TAZ and plays redundant roles with TAZ in the regulation of cell proliferation and migration of cancer cells. Therefore, TAZ and YAP, which are encoded by paralogous genes, are referred to as TAZ/YAP and are suggested to be functionally equivalent. Despite its similarity to YAP, TAZ can be clearly distinguished from YAP based on its genetic, structural, and functional aspects. In addition, targeting superabundant TAZ can be a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment; however, persistent TAZ inactivation may cause failure of tissue homeostatic control. This review focuses primarily on TAZ, not YAP, discusses its structural features and physiological functions in the regulation of tissue homeostasis, and provides new insights into the drug development targeting TAZ to control reproductive and musculoskeletal disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi Gyeong Jeong
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, C206 Science building, 52 Ewhayeodae-Gil, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03760, Korea
| | - Hyo Kyeong Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, C206 Science building, 52 Ewhayeodae-Gil, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03760, Korea
| | - Eun Sook Hwang
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, C206 Science building, 52 Ewhayeodae-Gil, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03760, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Imerb N, Thonusin C, Chattipakorn N, Chattipakorn SC. Aging, obese-insulin resistance, and bone remodeling. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 191:111335. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
20
|
Kegelman CD, Collins JM, Nijsure MP, Eastburn EA, Boerckel JD. Gone Caving: Roles of the Transcriptional Regulators YAP and TAZ in Skeletal Development. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2020; 18:526-540. [PMID: 32712794 PMCID: PMC8040027 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-020-00605-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The development of the skeleton is controlled by cellular decisions determined by the coordinated activation of multiple transcription factors. Recent evidence suggests that the transcriptional regulator proteins, Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), could have important roles in directing the activity of these transcriptional programs. However, in vitro evidence for the roles of YAP and TAZ in skeletal cells has been hopelessly contradictory. The goals of this review are to provide a cross-sectional view on the state of the field and to synthesize the available data toward a unified perspective. RECENT FINDINGS YAP and TAZ are regulated by diverse upstream signals and interact downstream with multiple transcription factors involved in skeletal development, positioning YAP and TAZ as important signal integration nodes in an hourglass-shaped signaling pathway. Here, we provide a survey of putative transcriptional co-effectors for YAP and TAZ in skeletal cells. Synthesizing the in vitro data, we conclude that TAZ is consistently pro-osteogenic in function, while YAP can exhibit either pro- or anti-osteogenic activity depending on cell type and context. Synthesizing the in vivo data, we conclude that YAP and TAZ combinatorially promote developmental bone formation, bone matrix homeostasis, and endochondral fracture repair by regulating a variety of transcriptional programs depending on developmental stage. Here, we discuss the current understanding of the roles of the transcriptional regulators YAP and TAZ in skeletal development, and provide recommendations for continued study of molecular mechanisms, mechanotransduction, and therapeutic implications for skeletal disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Kegelman
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, 376A Stemmler Hall, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joseph M Collins
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, 376A Stemmler Hall, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Madhura P Nijsure
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, 376A Stemmler Hall, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Emily A Eastburn
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, 376A Stemmler Hall, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joel D Boerckel
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, 376A Stemmler Hall, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Heng BC, Zhang X, Aubel D, Bai Y, Li X, Wei Y, Fussenegger M, Deng X. Role of YAP/TAZ in Cell Lineage Fate Determination and Related Signaling Pathways. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:735. [PMID: 32850847 PMCID: PMC7406690 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The penultimate effectors of the Hippo signaling pathways YAP and TAZ, are transcriptional co-activator proteins that play key roles in many diverse biological processes, ranging from cell proliferation, tumorigenesis, mechanosensing and cell lineage fate determination, to wound healing and regeneration. In this review, we discuss the regulatory mechanisms by which YAP/TAZ control stem/progenitor cell differentiation into the various major lineages that are of interest to tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. Of particular interest is the key role of YAP/TAZ in maintaining the delicate balance between quiescence, self-renewal, proliferation and differentiation of endogenous adult stem cells within various tissues/organs during early development, normal homeostasis and regeneration/healing. Finally, we will consider how increasing knowledge of YAP/TAZ signaling might influence the trajectory of future progress in regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boon C. Heng
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Sunway University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Xuehui Zhang
- Department of Dental Materials & Dental Medical Devices Testing Center, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Dominique Aubel
- IUTA Department Genie Biologique, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Yunyang Bai
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaochan Li
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wei
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Martin Fussenegger
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH-Zürich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Xuliang Deng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wang Y, Hu B, Hu R, Tong X, Zhang M, Xu C, He Z, Zhao Y, Deng H. TAZ contributes to osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament cells under tensile stress. J Periodontal Res 2019; 55:152-160. [PMID: 31539181 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Bone remodeling during orthodontic treatment is achieved by the osteogenesis of human periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) subjected to mechanical loadings. Transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) mediates bone remodeling in response to extracellular mechanical signals. This study aims to investigate the role of TAZ in osteogenesis of PDLCs under tensile strain. MATERIALS AND METHODS A uniaxial cyclic tensile stress (CTS) at 12% elongation and 6 cycles/min (5 s on and 5 s off) was applied to PDLCs. The osteogenic differentiation was determined by the protein and gene expressions of osteogenic markers using qRT-PCR and Western blot, respectively, and further by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and Alizarin Red S staining. The interaction of TAZ with core-binding factor α1 (Cbfα1) was examined by co-immunoprecipitation. The immunofluorescence histochemistry was used to examine the nucleus aggregation of TAZ and the reorganization of actin filaments. Moreover, small interfering RNA-targeting TAZ (TAZsiRNA) was used for TAZ inhibition and Y-27632 was employed for Ras homologue-associated coiled-coil protein kinase (ROCK) signaling blockage. RESULTS CTS clearly stimulated the nucleus accumulation of TAZ and its interaction with Cbfα1. CTS-induced osteogenesis in PDLCs was significantly abrogated by the infection with TAZsiRNA, as shown by the decreased stained nodules and protein expressions of Cbfα1, collagen type I, osterix, and osteocalcin, along with the inhibition of β-catenin signaling. Moreover, ROCK inhibition by Y-27632 hindered TAZ nucleus aggregation and its binding with Cbfα1, which subsequently lead to the decreased osteoblastic differentiation of PDLCs. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, we propose that TAZ nucleus localization and its interaction with Cbfα1 are essential for the CTS-induced osteogenic differentiation in PDLCs. And such TAZ activation by CTS could be mediated by ROCK signaling, indicating the pivot role of ROCK-TAZ pathway for PDLCs differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Bibo Hu
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Rongdang Hu
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xianqin Tong
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Menghan Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chuchu Xu
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhiqi He
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ya Zhao
- Department of Periodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hui Deng
- Department of Periodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Gu K, Fu X, Tian H, Zhang Y, Li A, Wang Y, Wen Y, Gu W. TAZ promotes the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells via the p‐SMAD3. J Cell Biochem 2019; 121:1101-1113. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Gu
- Department of Oral Implant, School of Stomatology Shandong University Jinan Shandong China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration Shandong University Jinan China
| | - Xucheng Fu
- Department of Oral Implant, School of Stomatology Shandong University Jinan Shandong China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration Shandong University Jinan China
| | - Hui Tian
- Department of Oral Implant, School of Stomatology Shandong University Jinan Shandong China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration Shandong University Jinan China
| | - Yafei Zhang
- Department of Oral Implant, School of Stomatology Shandong University Jinan Shandong China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration Shandong University Jinan China
| | - Aonan Li
- Department of Oral Implant, School of Stomatology Shandong University Jinan Shandong China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration Shandong University Jinan China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Oral Implant, School of Stomatology Shandong University Jinan Shandong China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration Shandong University Jinan China
| | - Yong Wen
- Department of Oral Implant, School of Stomatology Shandong University Jinan Shandong China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration Shandong University Jinan China
| | - Weiting Gu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Qilu Hospital of Shandong University Jinan China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Crespo-Enriquez I, Hodgson T, Zakaria S, Cadoni E, Shah M, Allen S, Al-Khishali A, Mao Y, Yiu A, Petzold J, Villagomez-Olea G, Pitsillides AA, Irvine KD, Francis-West P. Dchs1-Fat4 regulation of osteogenic differentiation in mouse. Development 2019; 146:146/14/dev176776. [PMID: 31358536 DOI: 10.1242/dev.176776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In human, mutations of the protocadherins FAT4 and DCHS1 result in Van Maldergem syndrome, which is characterised, in part, by craniofacial abnormalities. Here, we analyse the role of Dchs1-Fat4 signalling during osteoblast differentiation in mouse. We show that Fat4 and Dchs1 mutants mimic the craniofacial phenotype of the human syndrome and that Dchs1-Fat4 signalling is essential for osteoblast differentiation. In Dchs1/Fat4 mutants, proliferation of osteoprogenitors is increased and osteoblast differentiation is delayed. We show that loss of Dchs1-Fat4 signalling is linked to increased Yap-Tead activity and that Yap is expressed and required for proliferation in osteoprogenitors. In contrast, Taz is expressed in more-committed Runx2-expressing osteoblasts, Taz does not regulate osteoblast proliferation and Taz-Tead activity is unaffected in Dchs1/Fat4 mutants. Finally, we show that Yap and Taz differentially regulate the transcriptional activity of Runx2, and that the activity of Yap-Runx2 and Taz-Runx2 complexes is altered in Dchs1/Fat4 mutant osteoblasts. In conclusion, these data identify Dchs1-Fat4 as a signalling pathway in osteoblast differentiation, reveal its crucial role within the early Runx2 progenitors, and identify distinct requirements for Yap and Taz during osteoblast differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Crespo-Enriquez
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, Floor 27, Guy's Tower, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Tina Hodgson
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, Floor 27, Guy's Tower, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Sana Zakaria
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, Floor 27, Guy's Tower, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Erika Cadoni
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, Floor 27, Guy's Tower, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Mittal Shah
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Camden, London, NW1 0TU, UK
| | - Stephen Allen
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Camden, London, NW1 0TU, UK
| | - Ayman Al-Khishali
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, Floor 27, Guy's Tower, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Yaopan Mao
- Waksman Institute and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Angela Yiu
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, Floor 27, Guy's Tower, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Jonna Petzold
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, Floor 27, Guy's Tower, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Guillermo Villagomez-Olea
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, Floor 27, Guy's Tower, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Andrew A Pitsillides
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Camden, London, NW1 0TU, UK
| | - Kenneth D Irvine
- Waksman Institute and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Karvande A, Kushwaha P, Ahmad N, Adhikary S, Kothari P, Tripathi AK, Khedgikar V, Trivedi R. Glucose dependent miR-451a expression contributes to parathyroid hormone mediated osteoblast differentiation. Bone 2018; 117:98-115. [PMID: 30218791 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone (PTH; amino acid 1-34, known as teriparatide) has reported promoting differentiation and glucose uptake in osteoblasts. However, how PTH regulates glucose metabolism to facilitate osteoblast differentiation is not understood. Here, we report that PTH promotes glucose dependent miR-451a expression which stimulates osteoblast differentiation. In addition to glucose uptake, PTH suppresses AMPK phosphorylation via PI3K-mTOR-AKT axis thereby preventing phosphorylation and inactivation of octamer-binding transcription factor 1 (OCT-1) which has been reported to act on the promoter region of miR-451a. Modulation of AMPK activity controls miR-451a levels in differentiating osteoblasts. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of PI3K-mTOR-AKT axis suppressed miR-451a via increased AMPK activity. We report that this glucose regulated miRNA is an anabolic target and transfection of miR-451a mimic induces osteoblast differentiation and mineralization in vitro. These actions were mediated through the suppression of Odd-skipped related 1 (Osr1) and activation of Runx2 transcription. When injected in vivo, the miR-451a mimic significantly increased osteoblastogenesis, mineralization, reversed ovariectomy induced bone loss and improved bone strength. Together, these findings suggest that enhanced osteoblast differentiation associated with bone formation in case of PTH therapy is also a consequence of elevated miR-451a levels via glucose regulation. Consequently, this miRNA has the potential to be a therapeutic target for conditions of bone loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anirudha Karvande
- Division of Endocrinology, Central Drug Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Priyanka Kushwaha
- Division of Endocrinology, Central Drug Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Naseer Ahmad
- Division of Endocrinology, Central Drug Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sulekha Adhikary
- Division of Endocrinology, Central Drug Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Priyanka Kothari
- Division of Endocrinology, Central Drug Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashish Kumar Tripathi
- Division of Endocrinology, Central Drug Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vikram Khedgikar
- Division of Endocrinology, Central Drug Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ritu Trivedi
- Division of Endocrinology, Central Drug Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ji Y, Zhang P, Xing Y, Jia L, Zhang Y, Jia T, Wu X, Zhao B, Xu X. Effect of 1α, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on the osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells and the underlying regulatory mechanism. Int J Mol Med 2018; 43:167-176. [PMID: 30365053 PMCID: PMC6257868 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
1α, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-D3), an active vitamin D metabolite, is a well-known regulator of osteogenic differentiation. However, how 1,25-D3 regulates osteogenic differentiation in human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) remains to be fully elucidated. The present study aimed to clarify this issue through well-controlled in vitro experiments. After hPDLSCs were treated with 1,25-D3, immunofluorescence and western blotting were used to detect the expression of vitamin D receptor; Cell Counting Kit-8 and western blotting were used to assay the cell proliferation ability. Alkaline phosphatase staining, Alizarin Red staining and western blotting were used to detect the osteogenic differentiation. It was found that treating hPDLSCs with 1,25-D3: i) Inhibited cell proliferation; ii) promoted osteogenic differentiation; iii) upregulated the expression of transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), an important downstream effector of Hippo signaling that has been demonstrated to be involved in the osteogenic differentiation of stem/progenitor cells; and iv) that co-treatment of TAZ-overexpressing hPDLSCs with 1,25-D3 synergistically stimulated the expression of osteogenic markers. These results suggested that the induction of osteogenic differentiation promoted by 1,25-D3 in hPDLSCs involves, at least in part, the action of TAZ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Ji
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Panpan Zhang
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Yixiao Xing
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Linglu Jia
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Yunpeng Zhang
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Jia
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Wu
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Bin Zhao
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Xin Xu
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
YAP promotes osteogenesis and suppresses adipogenic differentiation by regulating β-catenin signaling. Bone Res 2018; 6:18. [PMID: 29872550 PMCID: PMC5984632 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-018-0018-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
YAP (yes-associated protein) is a transcriptional factor that is negatively regulated by Hippo pathway, a conserved pathway for the development and size control of multiple organs. The exact function of YAP in bone homeostasis remains controversial. Here we provide evidence for YAP’s function in promoting osteogenesis, suppressing adipogenesis, and thus maintaining bone homeostasis. YAP is selectively expressed in osteoblast (OB)-lineage cells. Conditionally knocking out Yap in the OB lineage in mice reduces cell proliferation and OB differentiation and increases adipocyte formation, resulting in a trabecular bone loss. Mechanistically, YAP interacts with β-catenin and is necessary for maintenance of nuclear β-catenin level and Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Expression of β-catenin in YAP-deficient BMSCs (bone marrow stromal cells) diminishes the osteogenesis deficit. These results thus identify YAP-β-catenin as an important pathway for osteogenesis during adult bone remodeling and uncover a mechanism underlying YAP regulation of bone homeostasis. A key regulatory gene both promotes bone formation and suppresses production of fat-storing bone marrow cells, thus supporting the key process of bone remodeling. As adults, our bones are in a constant state of flux, constantly being dissolved and rebuilt to maintain a steady state known as homeostasis. An international team led by Wen-Cheng Xiong, of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, studied the role of the gene ‘yes-associated protein’ (YAP), a transcription factor (gene controlling the activity of other genes). Using mice, they found that YAP is essential for osteogenesis, and prevents adipocyte (fat-storing cell) formation. Without a functional YAP gene, mice experienced a loss of a softer type of bone known as trabecular bone. The molecular pathways controlled by YAP may thus be important for bone remodeling in vertebrates.
Collapse
|
28
|
Goto H, Nishio M, To Y, Oishi T, Miyachi Y, Maehama T, Nishina H, Akiyama H, Mak TW, Makii Y, Saito T, Yasoda A, Tsumaki N, Suzuki A. Loss of Mob1a/b in mice results in chondrodysplasia due to YAP1/TAZ-TEAD-dependent repression of SOX9. Development 2018; 145:dev.159244. [PMID: 29511023 DOI: 10.1242/dev.159244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Hippo signaling is modulated in response to cell density, external mechanical forces, and rigidity of the extracellular matrix (ECM). The Mps one binder kinase activator (MOB) adaptor proteins are core components of Hippo signaling and influence Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) and transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), which are potent transcriptional regulators. YAP1/TAZ are key contributors to cartilage and bone development but the molecular mechanisms by which the Hippo pathway controls chondrogenesis are largely unknown. Cartilage is rich in ECM and also subject to strong external forces - two upstream factors regulating Hippo signaling. Chondrogenesis and endochondral ossification are tightly controlled by growth factors, morphogens, hormones, and transcriptional factors that engage in crosstalk with Hippo-YAP1/TAZ signaling. Here, we generated tamoxifen-inducible, chondrocyte-specific Mob1a/b-deficient mice and show that hyperactivation of endogenous YAP1/TAZ impairs chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation/maturation, leading to chondrodysplasia. These defects were linked to suppression of SOX9, a master regulator of chondrogenesis, the expression of which is mediated by TEAD transcription factors. Our data indicate that a MOB1-dependent YAP1/TAZ-TEAD complex functions as a transcriptional repressor of SOX9 and thereby negatively regulates chondrogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Goto
- Division of Cancer Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.,Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
| | - Miki Nishio
- Division of Cancer Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.,Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yoko To
- Division of Cancer Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Oishi
- Division of Cancer Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yosuke Miyachi
- Division of Cancer Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.,Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Maehama
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishina
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Akiyama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Tak Wah Mak
- Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research at the Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto M5G 2C1, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, University Health Network, Toronto M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Yuma Makii
- Department of Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Taku Saito
- Department of Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Akihiro Yasoda
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Tsumaki
- Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Akira Suzuki
- Division of Cancer Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan .,Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Pharmacological activation of TAZ enhances osteogenic differentiation and bone formation of adipose-derived stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018. [PMID: 29514703 PMCID: PMC5842656 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0799-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are an attractive cell source for bone tissue engineering and have great potential for bone regeneration and defect repair. The transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) has been demonstrated to modulate osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. However, its roles during ADSC differentiation and therapeutic potentials for bone regeneration have as yet not been well established. Methods TAZ expression was measured during osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs in vitro. Both loss-of-function and gain-of-function approaches by TAZ knockdown or enforced overexpression were utilized to determine its functions during osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs. TM-25659, a chemical activator of TAZ, was used to determine whether pharmacological activation of TAZ in ADSCs enhanced osteogenic differentiation in vitro and bone formation in animal models. The molecular mechanisms underlying TAZ in promoting osteogenesis of ADSCs were also explored. Results Increased TAZ expression was observed during osteogenic differentiation of human ADSCs. TAZ knockdown resulted in compromised osteogenic differentiation and enhanced adipogenic differentiation of ADSCs. In contrast, enforced TAZ overexpression yielded increased osteogenic differentiation and bone regeneration in vivo, and impaired adipogenic differentiation of ADSCs. Pharmacological activation of TAZ by its chemical activator TM-25659 facilitated osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs. Noticeably, transient treatment of ADSCs with TM-25659 or intraperitoneal injection of TM-25659 significantly enhanced bone regeneration of ADSCs loaded with porous β-TCP in vivo. Mechanistically, TM-25659 exposure significantly promoted TAZ phosphorylation and nuclear translocation, and potentiated the assembly of the TAZ-Runx2 complex. Subsequently, the TAZ-Runx2 complex was further recruited to the promoter of osteocalcin and in turn enhanced its transcription. Conclusions Our findings indicate that TAZ is a key mediator that promotes ADSC commitment to the osteoblast lineage. Pharmacological activation of TAZ in ADSCs might become a feasible and promising approach to enhance bone regeneration and repair. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-018-0799-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
|
30
|
Kegelman CD, Mason DE, Dawahare JH, Horan DJ, Vigil GD, Howard SS, Robling AG, Bellido TM, Boerckel JD. Skeletal cell YAP and TAZ combinatorially promote bone development. FASEB J 2018; 32:2706-2721. [PMID: 29401582 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700872r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The functions of the paralogous transcriptional coactivators Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) in bone are controversial. Each has been observed to promote or inhibit osteogenesis in vitro, with reports of both equivalent and divergent functions. Their combinatorial roles in bone physiology are unknown. We report that combinatorial YAP/TAZ deletion from skeletal lineage cells, using Osterix-Cre, caused an osteogenesis imperfecta-like phenotype with severity dependent on allele dose and greater phenotypic expressivity with homozygous TAZ vs. YAP ablation. YAP/TAZ deletion decreased bone accrual and reduced intrinsic bone material properties through impaired collagen content and organization. These structural and material defects produced spontaneous fractures, particularly in mice with homozygous TAZ deletion and caused neonatal lethality in dual homozygous knockouts. At the cellular level in vivo, YAP/TAZ ablation reduced osteoblast activity and increased osteoclast activity, in an allele dose-dependent manner, impairing bone accrual and remodeling. Transcriptionally, YAP/TAZ deletion and small-molecule inhibition of YAP/TAZ interaction with the transcriptional coeffector TEAD reduced osteogenic and collagen-related gene expression, both in vivo and in vitro. These data demonstrate that YAP and TAZ combinatorially promote bone development through regulation of osteoblast activity, matrix quality, and osteoclastic remodeling.-Kegelman, C. D., Mason, D. E., Dawahare, J. H., Horan, D. J., Vigil, G. D., Howard, S. S., Robling, A. G., Bellido, T. M., Boerckel, J. D. Skeletal cell YAP and TAZ combinatorially promote bone development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Kegelman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Devon E Mason
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - James H Dawahare
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Daniel J Horan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Genevieve D Vigil
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Scott S Howard
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Alexander G Robling
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Teresita M Bellido
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Joel D Boerckel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Xiao Z, Baudry J, Cao L, Huang J, Chen H, Yates CR, Li W, Dong B, Waters CM, Smith JC, Quarles LD. Polycystin-1 interacts with TAZ to stimulate osteoblastogenesis and inhibit adipogenesis. J Clin Invest 2017; 128:157-174. [PMID: 29202470 DOI: 10.1172/jci93725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms that transduce the osteoblast response to physical forces in the bone microenvironment are poorly understood. Here, we used genetic and pharmacological experiments to determine whether the polycystins PC1 and PC2 (encoded by Pkd1 and Pkd2) and the transcriptional coactivator TAZ form a mechanosensing complex in osteoblasts. Compound-heterozygous mice lacking 1 copy of Pkd1 and Taz exhibited additive decrements in bone mass, impaired osteoblast-mediated bone formation, and enhanced bone marrow fat accumulation. Bone marrow stromal cells and osteoblasts derived from these mice showed impaired osteoblastogenesis and enhanced adipogenesis. Increased extracellular matrix stiffness and application of mechanical stretch to multipotent mesenchymal cells stimulated the nuclear translocation of the PC1 C-terminal tail/TAZ (PC1-CTT/TAZ) complex, leading to increased runt-related transcription factor 2-mediated (Runx2-mediated) osteogenic and decreased PPARγ-dependent adipogenic gene expression. Using structure-based virtual screening, we identified a compound predicted to bind to PC2 in the PC1:PC2 C-terminal tail region with helix:helix interaction. This molecule stimulated polycystin- and TAZ-dependent osteoblastogenesis and inhibited adipogenesis. Thus, we show that polycystins and TAZ integrate at the molecular level to reciprocally regulate osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation, indicating that the polycystins/TAZ complex may be a potential therapeutic target to increase bone mass.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhousheng Xiao
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jerome Baudry
- UT/ORNL Center for Molecular Biophysics, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Li Cao
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jinsong Huang
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and
| | | | - Wei Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and
| | - Brittany Dong
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Christopher M Waters
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jeremy C Smith
- UT/ORNL Center for Molecular Biophysics, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - L Darryl Quarles
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Wei Q, He M, Chen M, Chen Z, Yang F, Wang H, Zhang J, He W. Icariin stimulates osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow stromal stem cells by increasing TAZ expression. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 91:581-589. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
|
33
|
Abstract
The appearance of the first animal species on earth coincides with the emergence of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) pathways. The evolution of these animals into more complex organisms coincides with a progressively increased TGFβ repertoire through gene duplications and divergence, making secreted TGFβ molecules the largest family of morphogenetic proteins in humans. It is therefore not surprising that TGFβ pathways govern numerous aspects of human biology from early embryonic development to regeneration, hematopoiesis, neurogenesis, and immunity. Such heavy reliance on these pathways is reflected in the susceptibility to minor perturbations in pathway components that can lead to dysregulated signaling and a diverse range of human pathologies such as cancer, fibrosis, and developmental disorders. Attempts to comprehensively resolve these signaling cascades are complicated by the long-recognized paradoxical role the pathway plays in cell biology. Recently, several groups have probed examples of the disparate aspects of TGFβ biology in a variety of animal models and uncovered novel context-dependent regulatory mechanisms. Here, we briefly review recent advancements and discuss their overall impact in directing future TGFβ research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arshad Ayyaz
- Center for Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Liliana Attisano
- Department of Biochemistry and Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jeffrey L Wrana
- Center for Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Hang Pham LB, Yoo YR, Park SH, Back SA, Kim SW, Bjørge I, Mano J, Jang JH. Investigating the effect of fibulin-1 on the differentiation of human nasal inferior turbinate-derived mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 105:2291-2298. [PMID: 28445604 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Many extracellular matrix proteins have positive influences on the adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of stem cells into specific cell linages. Fibulin-1 (FBLN1), a member of a growing family of extracellular glycoproteins, contributes to the structure of the extracellular matrix. Here, we investigated the effect of FBLN1 on the ability of human nasal inferior turbinate-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hTMSCs) to undergo osteogenic differentiation. After we generated recombinant FBLN1, the characteristics of FBLN1-treated hTMSCs were evaluated using MTT assay, ALP and mineralization activities, and quantitative real-time PCR. FBLN1 significantly enhanced the adhesion activity (p < 0.001) and proliferation of hTMSCs (p < 0.05). The ALP and mineralization activities of cells were dramatically increased (p < 0.01) after 9 and 12 days of FBLN1 treatment, respectively. This indicated the ability of FBLN1 to induce hTMSCs to differentiate into osteoblasts. Furthermore, increasing the mRNA levels of osteogenic marker genes, such as a transcriptional coactivator with a PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), collagen type I (Col I), and osteocalcin (OCN), improved bone repair and regeneration. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 2291-2298, 2017.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Le B Hang Pham
- Department of Biochemistry, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, 22212, Korea
| | - Yie-Ri Yoo
- Department of Biochemistry, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, 22212, Korea
| | - Sun Hwa Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul Korea
| | - Sang A Back
- Department of Biomedical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul Korea
| | - Sung Won Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul Korea.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul Korea
| | - Isabel Bjørge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João Mano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Jun-Hyeog Jang
- Department of Biochemistry, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, 22212, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Nishio M, Maehama T, Goto H, Nakatani K, Kato W, Omori H, Miyachi Y, Togashi H, Shimono Y, Suzuki A. Hippo vs. Crab: tissue-specific functions of the mammalian Hippo pathway. Genes Cells 2017; 22:6-31. [PMID: 28078823 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Hippo signaling pathway is a vital suppressor of tumorigenesis that is often inactivated in human cancers. In normal cells, the Hippo pathway is triggered by external forces such as cell crowding, or changes to the extracellular matrix or cell polarity. Once activated, Hippo signaling down-regulates transcription supported by the paralogous cofactors YAP1 and TAZ. The Hippo pathway's functions in normal and cancer biology have been dissected by studies of mutant mice with null or conditional tissue-specific mutations of Hippo signaling elements. In this review, we attempt to systematically summarize results that have been gleaned from detailed in vivo characterizations of these mutants. Our goal is to describe the physiological roles of Hippo signaling in several normal organ systems, as well as to emphasize how disruption of the Hippo pathway, and particularly hyperactivation of YAP1/TAZ, can be oncogenic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miki Nishio
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.,Division of Cancer Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Maehama
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hiroki Goto
- Division of Cancer Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nakatani
- Division of Cancer Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Wakako Kato
- Division of Cancer Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Omori
- Division of Cancer Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yosuke Miyachi
- Division of Cancer Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hideru Togashi
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yohei Shimono
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Akira Suzuki
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.,Division of Cancer Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Chiba A, Watanabe-Takano H, Terai K, Fukui H, Miyazaki T, Uemura M, Hashimoto H, Hibi M, Fukuhara S, Mochizuki N. Osteocrin, a peptide secreted from the heart and other tissues, contributes to cranial osteogenesis and chondrogenesis in zebrafish. Development 2016; 144:334-344. [PMID: 27993976 DOI: 10.1242/dev.143354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The heart is an endocrine organ, as cardiomyocytes (CMs) secrete natriuretic peptide (NP) hormones. Since the discovery of NPs, no other peptide hormones that affect remote organs have been identified from the heart. We identified osteocrin (Ostn) as an osteogenesis/chondrogenesis regulatory hormone secreted from CMs in zebrafish. ostn mutant larvae exhibit impaired membranous and chondral bone formation. The impaired bones were recovered by CM-specific overexpression of OSTN. We analyzed the parasphenoid (ps) as a representative of membranous bones. In the shortened ps of ostn morphants, nuclear Yap1/Wwtr1-dependent transcription was increased, suggesting that Ostn might induce the nuclear export of Yap1/Wwtr1 in osteoblasts. Although OSTN is proposed to bind to NPR3 (clearance receptor for NPs) to enhance the binding of NPs to NPR1 or NPR2, OSTN enhanced C-type NP (CNP)-dependent nuclear export of YAP1/WWTR1 of cultured mouse osteoblasts stimulated with saturable CNP. OSTN might therefore activate unidentified receptors that augment protein kinase G signaling mediated by a CNP-NPR2 signaling axis. These data demonstrate that Ostn secreted from the heart contributes to bone formation as an endocrine hormone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayano Chiba
- Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan
| | - Haruko Watanabe-Takano
- Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan
| | - Kenta Terai
- Laboratory of Function and Morphology, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Hajime Fukui
- Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan
| | - Takahiro Miyazaki
- Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan
| | - Mami Uemura
- Laboratory of Function and Morphology, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Hisashi Hashimoto
- Laboratory of Organogenesis and Organ Function, Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chigusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8061, Japan.,Devision of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science Nagoya, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chigusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8061, Japan
| | - Masahiko Hibi
- Laboratory of Organogenesis and Organ Function, Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chigusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8061, Japan.,Devision of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science Nagoya, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chigusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8061, Japan
| | - Shigetomo Fukuhara
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Institute of Advanced Medical Science, Nippon Medical School, 1-396 Kosugi-machi, Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 211-8533, Japan
| | - Naoki Mochizuki
- Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan .,AMED-CREST, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Rundle CH, Xing W, Lau KHW, Mohan S. Bidirectional ephrin signaling in bone. Osteoporos Sarcopenia 2016; 2:65-76. [PMID: 30775469 PMCID: PMC6372807 DOI: 10.1016/j.afos.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between ephrin ligands (efn) and their receptors (Eph) is capable of inducing forward signaling, from ligand to receptor, as well as reverse signaling, from receptor to ligand. The ephrins are widely expressed in many tissues, where they mediate cell migration and adherence, properties that make the efn-Eph signaling critically important in establishing and maintaining tissue boundaries. The efn-Eph system has also received considerable attention in skeletal tissues, as ligand and receptor combinations are predicted to mediate interactions between the different types of cells that regulate bone development and homeostasis. This review summarizes our current understanding of efn-Eph signaling with a particular focus on the expression and functions of ephrins and their receptors in bone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles H Rundle
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, VA Loma Linda Healthcare System, 11201 Benton St, Loma Linda, CA 92357, USA.,Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Weirong Xing
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, VA Loma Linda Healthcare System, 11201 Benton St, Loma Linda, CA 92357, USA.,Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Kin-Hing William Lau
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, VA Loma Linda Healthcare System, 11201 Benton St, Loma Linda, CA 92357, USA.,Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Subburaman Mohan
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, VA Loma Linda Healthcare System, 11201 Benton St, Loma Linda, CA 92357, USA.,Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Zhang N, Gui Y, Qiu X, Tang W, Li L, Gober HJ, Li D, Wang L. DHEA prevents bone loss by suppressing the expansion of CD4 + T cells and TNFa production in the OVX-mouse model for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Biosci Trends 2016; 10:277-87. [DOI: 10.5582/bst.2016.01081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital & Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IBS, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College
- The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases
| | - Yuyan Gui
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital & Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IBS, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College
- The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases
| | - Xuemin Qiu
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital & Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IBS, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College
- The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases
| | - Wei Tang
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo
| | - Lisha Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital & Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IBS, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College
- The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases
| | - Hans-Jürgen Gober
- Department of Pharmacy, Wagner Jauregg Hospital and Children's Hospital
| | - Dajin Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital & Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IBS, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College
- The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University
| | - Ling Wang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital & Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IBS, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College
- The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Quarto N, Senarath-Yapa K, Renda A, Longaker MT. TWIST1 silencing enhances in vitro and in vivo osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells by triggering activation of BMP-ERK/FGF signaling and TAZ upregulation. Stem Cells 2015; 33:833-47. [PMID: 25446627 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) show promise for cellular therapy and regenerative medicine. Human adipose tissue-derived stem cells (hASCs) represent an attractive source of seed cells in bone regeneration. How to effectively improve osteogenic differentiation of hASCs in the bone tissue engineering has become a very important question with profound translational implications. Numerous regulatory pathways dominate osteogenic differentiation of hASCs involving transcriptional factors and signaling molecules. However, how these factors combine with each other to regulate hASCs osteogenic differentiation still remains to be illustrated. The highly conserved developmental proteins TWIST play key roles for transcriptional regulation in mesenchymal cell lineages. This study investigates TWIST1 function in hASCs osteogenesis. Our results show that TWIST1 shRNA silencing increased the osteogenic potential of hASCs in vitro and their skeletal regenerative ability when applied in vivo. We demonstrate that the increased osteogenic capacity observed with TWIST1 knockdown in hASCs is mediated through endogenous activation of BMP and ERK/FGF signaling leading, in turn, to upregulation of TAZ, a transcriptional modulator of MSCs differentiation along the osteoblast lineage. Inhibition either of BMP or ERK/FGF signaling suppressed TAZ upregulation and the enhanced osteogenesis in shTWIST1 hASCs. Cosilencing of both TWIST1 and TAZ abrogated the effect elicited by TWIST1 knockdown thus, identifying TAZ as a downstream mediator through which TWIST1 knockdown enhanced osteogenic differentiation in hASCs. Our functional study contributes to a better knowledge of molecular mechanisms governing the osteogenic ability of hASCs, and highlights TWIST1 as a potential target to facilitate in vivo bone healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalina Quarto
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Avanzate, Universita' degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Deel MD, Li JJ, Crose LES, Linardic CM. A Review: Molecular Aberrations within Hippo Signaling in Bone and Soft-Tissue Sarcomas. Front Oncol 2015; 5:190. [PMID: 26389076 PMCID: PMC4557106 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo signaling pathway is an evolutionarily conserved developmental network vital for the regulation of organ size, tissue homeostasis, repair and regeneration, and cell fate. The Hippo pathway has also been shown to have tumor suppressor properties. Hippo transduction involves a series of kinases and scaffolding proteins that are intricately connected to proteins in developmental cascades and in the tissue microenvironment. This network governs the downstream Hippo transcriptional co-activators, YAP and TAZ, which bind to and activate the output of TEADs, as well as other transcription factors responsible for cellular proliferation, self-renewal, differentiation, and survival. Surprisingly, there are few oncogenic mutations within the core components of the Hippo pathway. Instead, dysregulated Hippo signaling is a versatile accomplice to commonly mutated cancer pathways. For example, YAP and TAZ can be activated by oncogenic signaling from other pathways, or serve as co-activators for classical oncogenes. Emerging evidence suggests that Hippo signaling couples cell density and cytoskeletal structural changes to morphogenic signals and conveys a mesenchymal phenotype. While much of Hippo biology has been described in epithelial cell systems, it is clear that dysregulated Hippo signaling also contributes to malignancies of mesenchymal origin. This review will summarize the known molecular alterations within the Hippo pathway in sarcomas and highlight how several pharmacologic compounds have shown activity in modulating Hippo components, providing proof-of-principle that Hippo signaling may be harnessed for therapeutic application in sarcomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Deel
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine , Durham, NC , USA
| | - Jenny J Li
- Duke University School of Medicine , Durham, NC , USA
| | - Lisa E S Crose
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine , Durham, NC , USA
| | - Corinne M Linardic
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine , Durham, NC , USA ; Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine , Durham, NC , USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Wang L, Qiu XM, Gui YY, Xu YP, Gober HJ, Li DJ. Bu-Shen-Ning-Xin Decoction ameliorated the osteoporotic phenotype of ovariectomized mice without affecting the serum estrogen concentration or uterus. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2015; 9:5019-31. [PMID: 26357466 PMCID: PMC4560509 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s89505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bu-Shen-Ning-Xin Decoction (BSNXD), a traditional Chinese medicinal composition, has been used as a remedy for postmenopausal osteoporosis, but its effects on bone metabolism and the uterus have not been reported. PURPOSE We aimed to determine the respective effects of BSNXD on the bones and the uterus of ovariectomized (OVX) mice to evaluate the efficacy and safety of this herbal formula. MATERIALS AND METHODS Postmenopausal osteoporosis animal models that were generated by ovariectomy were treated with BSNXD. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was performed to analyze the bone mineral density, and histomorphometric analysis was performed to measure the parameters related to bone metabolism. Calcein labeling was performed to detect bone formation. The uteruses from the mice were weighed, and the histomorphometry was analyzed. Drug-derived serum was prepared to assess the 17-β-estradiol concentration via enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS BSNXD administration ameliorated the osteoporotic phenotype of OVX mice, as evidenced by an increase in the bone mineral density and bone volume; these effects could not be abolished by the administration of the aromatase inhibitor letrozole. Moreover, BSNXD had no effect on the serum estrogen concentration or uterus. CONCLUSION These results suggest that BSNXD has ameliorating effects on bone loss due to estrogen deprivation without affecting the peripheral blood estrogen concentration or the uterus in OVX mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IBS, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, People's Republic of China ; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Min Qiu
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IBS, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, People's Republic of China ; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Yan Gui
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IBS, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, People's Republic of China ; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Ping Xu
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IBS, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, People's Republic of China ; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hans-Jürgen Gober
- Department of Pharmacy, Wagner Jauregg Hospital and Children's Hospital, Linz, Austria
| | - Da-Jin Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IBS, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
Skeletal loading is an important physiological regulator of bone mass. Theoretically, mechanical forces or administration of drugs that activate bone mechanosensors would be a novel treatment for osteoporotic disorders, particularly age-related osteoporosis and other bone loss caused by skeletal unloading. Uncertainty regarding the identity of the molecular targets that sense and transduce mechanical forces in bone, however, has limited the therapeutic exploitation of mechanosesning pathways to control bone mass. Recently, two evolutionally conserved mechanosensing pathways have been shown to function as "physical environment" sensors in cells of the osteoblasts lineage. Indeed, polycystin-1 (Pkd1, or PC1) and polycystin-2 (Pkd2, or PC2' or TRPP2), which form a flow sensing receptor channel complex, and TAZ (transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif, or WWTR1), which responds to the extracellular matrix microenvironment act in concert to reciprocally regulate osteoblastogenesis and adipogenesis through co-activating Runx2 and a co-repressing PPARγ activities. Interactions of polycystins and TAZ with other putative mechanosensing mechanism, such as primary cilia, integrins and hemichannels, may create multifaceted mechanosensing networks in bone. Moreover, modulation of polycystins and TAZ interactions identify novel molecular targets to develop small molecules that mimic the effects of mechanical loading on bone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhousheng Xiao
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38165, USA
| | - Leigh Darryl Quarles
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38165, USA
- Coleman College of Medicine Building, Suite B216, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 956 Court Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Narimatsu M, Samavarchi-Tehrani P, Varelas X, Wrana J. Distinct Polarity Cues Direct Taz/Yap and TGFβ Receptor Localization to Differentially Control TGFβ-Induced Smad Signaling. Dev Cell 2015; 32:652-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2015.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
44
|
Xiao Z, Cao L, Liang Y, Huang J, Stern AR, Dallas M, Johnson M, Quarles LD. Osteoblast-specific deletion of Pkd2 leads to low-turnover osteopenia and reduced bone marrow adiposity. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114198. [PMID: 25464512 PMCID: PMC4252138 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystin-1 (Pkd1) interacts with polycystin-2 (Pkd2) to form an interdependent signaling complex. Selective deletion of Pkd1 in the osteoblast lineage reciprocally regulates osteoblastogenesis and adipogenesis. The role of Pkd2 in skeletal development has not been defined. To this end, we conditionally inactivated Pkd2 in mature osteoblasts by crossing Osteocalcin (Oc)-Cre;Pkd2+/null mice with floxed Pkd2 (Pkd2flox/flox) mice. Oc-Cre;Pkd2flox/null (Pkd2Oc-cKO) mice exhibited decreased bone mineral density, trabecular bone volume, cortical thickness, mineral apposition rate and impaired biomechanical properties of bone. Pkd2 deficiency resulted in diminished Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) expressions in bone and impaired osteoblastic differentiation ex vivo. Expression of osteoblast-related genes, including, Osteocalcin, Osteopontin, Bone sialoprotein (Bsp), Phosphate-regulating gene with homologies to endopeptidases on the X chromosome (Phex), Dentin matrix protein 1 (Dmp1), Sclerostin (Sost), and Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) were reduced proportionate to the reduction of Pkd2 gene dose in bone of Oc-Cre;Pkd2flox/+ and Oc-Cre;Pkd2flox/null mice. Loss of Pkd2 also resulted in diminished peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) expression and reduced bone marrow fat in vivo and reduced adipogenesis in osteoblast culture ex vivo. Transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) and Yes-associated protein (YAP), reciprocally acting as co-activators and co-repressors of Runx2 and PPARγ, were decreased in bone of Oc-Cre;Pkd2flox/null mice. Thus, Pkd1 and Pkd2 have coordinate effects on osteoblast differentiation and opposite effects on adipogenesis, suggesting that Pkd1 and Pkd2 signaling pathways can have independent effects on mesenchymal lineage commitment in bone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhousheng Xiao
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, 38165, United States of America
| | - Li Cao
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, 38165, United States of America
| | - Yingjuan Liang
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, 38165, United States of America
| | - Jinsong Huang
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, 38165, United States of America
| | - Amber Rath Stern
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, 64108, United States of America
- Engineering Systems, Inc., Charlotte, North Carolina, 28227, United States of America
| | - Mark Dallas
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, 64108, United States of America
| | - Mark Johnson
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, 64108, United States of America
| | - Leigh Darryl Quarles
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, 38165, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Byun MR, Sung MK, Kim AR, Lee CH, Jang EJ, Jeong MG, Noh M, Hwang ES, Hong JH. (-)-Epicatechin gallate (ECG) stimulates osteoblast differentiation via Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ)-mediated transcriptional activation. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:9926-35. [PMID: 24515112 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.522870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a degenerative bone disease characterized by low bone mass and is caused by an imbalance between osteoblastic bone formation and osteoclastic bone resorption. It is known that the bioactive compounds present in green tea increase osteogenic activity and decrease the risk of fracture by improving bone mineral density. However, the detailed mechanism underlying these beneficial effects has yet to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated the osteogenic effect of (-)-epicatechin gallate (ECG), a major bioactive compound found in green tea. We found that ECG effectively stimulates osteoblast differentiation, indicated by the increased expression of osteoblastic marker genes. Up-regulation of osteoblast marker genes is mediated by increased expression and interaction of the transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) and Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2). ECG facilitates nuclear localization of TAZ through PP1A. PP1A is essential for osteoblast differentiation because inhibition of PP1A activity was shown to suppress ECG-mediated osteogenic differentiation. Taken together, the results showed that ECG stimulates osteoblast differentiation through the activation of TAZ and RUNX2, revealing a novel mechanism for green tea-stimulated osteoblast differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi Ran Byun
- From the Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Canonical Wnt signalling activates TAZ through PP1A during osteogenic differentiation. Cell Death Differ 2014; 21:854-63. [PMID: 24510127 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2014.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
TAZ, a transcriptional modulator, has a key role in cell proliferation, differentiation and stem cell self-renewal. TAZ activity is regulated by several signalling pathways, including Hippo, GPCR and Wnt signalling, but the regulatory mechanisms of TAZ activation are not yet clearly understood. In this report, we show that TAZ is regulated by canonical Wnt signalling during osteogenic differentiation. Wnt3a increases TAZ expression and an inhibitor of GSK3β, a downstream effector of Wnt signalling, induces TAZ. Wnt3a facilitates the dephosphorylation of TAZ, which stabilises TAZ and prevents it from binding 14-3-3 proteins, thus inducing the nuclear localisation of TAZ. Dephosphorylation of TAZ occurs via PP1A, and depletion of PP1A blocks Wnt3a-induced TAZ stabilisation. Wnt3a-induced TAZ activates osteoblastic differentiation and siRNA-induced TAZ depletion decreases Wnt3a-induced osteoblast differentiation. Taken together, these results show that TAZ mediates Wnt3a-stimulated osteogenic differentiation through PP1A, suggesting that the Wnt signal regulates the Hippo pathway.
Collapse
|