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Zechner C, Rhee EP. Phosphate sensing in health and disease. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2024; 33:361-367. [PMID: 38572729 DOI: 10.1097/mnh.0000000000000984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Disruptions of phosphate homeostasis are associated with a multitude of diseases with insufficient treatments. Our knowledge regarding the mechanisms underlying metazoan phosphate homeostasis and sensing is limited. Here, we highlight four major advancements in this field during the last 12-18 months. RECENT FINDINGS First, kidney glycolysis senses filtered phosphate, which results in the release of glycerol 3-phosphate (G-3-P). Circulating G-3-P then stimulates synthesis of the phosphaturic hormone fibroblast growth factor 23 in bone. Second, the liver serves as a postprandial phosphate reservoir to limit serum phosphate excursions. It senses phosphate ingestion and triggers renal excretion of excess phosphate through a nerve-dependent mechanism. Third, phosphate-starvation in cells massively induces the phosphate transporters SLC20A1/PiT1 and SLC20A2/PiT2, implying direct involvement of cellular phosphate sensing. Under basal phosphate-replete conditions, PiT1 is produced but immediately destroyed, which suggests a novel mechanism for the regulation of PiT1 abundance. Fourth, Drosophila melanogaster intestinal cells contain novel organelles called PXo bodies that limit intracellular phosphate excursions. Phosphate starvation leads to PXo body dissolution, which triggers midgut proliferation. SUMMARY These studies have opened novel avenues to dissect the mechanisms that govern metazoan phosphate sensing and homeostasis with the potential to identify urgently needed therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Zechner
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine; Department of Pharmacology; Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Eugene P Rhee
- Nephrology Division and Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Ouyang Y, Jeong MY, Cunningham CN, Berg JA, Toshniwal AG, Hughes CE, Seiler K, Van Vranken JG, Cluntun AA, Lam G, Winter JM, Akdogan E, Dove KK, Nowinski SM, West M, Odorizzi G, Gygi SP, Dunn CD, Winge DR, Rutter J. Phosphate starvation signaling increases mitochondrial membrane potential through respiration-independent mechanisms. eLife 2024; 13:e84282. [PMID: 38251707 PMCID: PMC10846858 DOI: 10.7554/elife.84282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial membrane potential directly powers many critical functions of mitochondria, including ATP production, mitochondrial protein import, and metabolite transport. Its loss is a cardinal feature of aging and mitochondrial diseases, and cells closely monitor membrane potential as an indicator of mitochondrial health. Given its central importance, it is logical that cells would modulate mitochondrial membrane potential in response to demand and environmental cues, but there has been little exploration of this question. We report that loss of the Sit4 protein phosphatase in yeast increases mitochondrial membrane potential, both by inducing the electron transport chain and the phosphate starvation response. Indeed, a similarly elevated mitochondrial membrane potential is also elicited simply by phosphate starvation or by abrogation of the Pho85-dependent phosphate sensing pathway. This enhanced membrane potential is primarily driven by an unexpected activity of the ADP/ATP carrier. We also demonstrate that this connection between phosphate limitation and enhancement of mitochondrial membrane potential is observed in primary and immortalized mammalian cells as well as in Drosophila. These data suggest that mitochondrial membrane potential is subject to environmental stimuli and intracellular signaling regulation and raise the possibility for therapeutic enhancement of mitochondrial function even in defective mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeyun Ouyang
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Mi-Young Jeong
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Corey N Cunningham
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Jordan A Berg
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Ashish G Toshniwal
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Casey E Hughes
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Kristina Seiler
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | | | - Ahmad A Cluntun
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Geanette Lam
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Jacob M Winter
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Emel Akdogan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koç UniversityİstanbulTurkey
| | - Katja K Dove
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Sara M Nowinski
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Matthew West
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, BoulderBoulderUnited States
| | - Greg Odorizzi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, BoulderBoulderUnited States
| | - Steven P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard University School of MedicineBostonUnited States
| | - Cory D Dunn
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koç UniversityİstanbulTurkey
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Dennis R Winge
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
- Department of Medicine, The University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Jared Rutter
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
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Zechner C, Henne WM, Sathe AA, Xing C, Hernandez G, Sun S, Cheong MC. Cellular abundance of sodium phosphate cotransporter SLC20A1/PiT1 and phosphate uptake are controlled post-transcriptionally by ESCRT. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101945. [PMID: 35447110 PMCID: PMC9123275 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Inorganic phosphate is essential for human life. The widely expressed mammalian sodium/phosphate cotransporter SLC20A1/PiT1 mediates phosphate uptake into most cell types; however, while SLC20A1 is required for development, and elevated SLC20A1 expression is associated with vascular calcification and aggressive tumor growth, the mechanisms regulating SLC20A1 protein abundance are unknown. Here, we found that SLC20A1 protein expression is low in phosphate-replete cultured cells but is strikingly induced following phosphate starvation, whereas mRNA expression is high in phosphate-replete cells and only mildly increased by phosphate starvation. To identify regulators of SLC20A1 protein levels, we performed a genome-wide CRISPR-based loss-of-function genetic screen in phosphate-replete cells using SLC20A1 protein induction as readout. Our screen revealed that endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) machinery was essential for proper SLC20A1 protein downregulation in phosphate-replete cells. We show that SLC20A1 colocalizes with ESCRT and that ESCRT deficiency increases SLC20A1 protein and phosphate uptake into cells. We also found numerous additional candidate regulators of mammalian phosphate homeostasis, including genes modifying protein ubiquitination and the Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation pathways. Many of these targets have not been previously implicated in this process. We present here a model in which SLC20A1 protein abundance and phosphate uptake are tonically negatively regulated post-transcriptionally in phosphate-replete cells through direct ESCRT-mediated SLC20A1 degradation. Moreover, our screening results provide a comprehensive resource for future studies to elucidate the mechanisms governing cellular phosphate homeostasis. We conclude that genome-wide CRISPR-based genetic screening is a powerful tool to discover proteins and pathways relevant to physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Zechner
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA; Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
| | - W Mike Henne
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Adwait A Sathe
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Chao Xing
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA; Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA; Department of Population and Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Genaro Hernandez
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Shengyi Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA; Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Mi Cheong Cheong
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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Ebrahimi M, Habernig L, Broeskamp F, Aufschnaiter A, Diessl J, Atienza I, Matz S, Ruiz FA, Büttner S. Phosphate Restriction Promotes Longevity via Activation of Autophagy and the Multivesicular Body Pathway. Cells 2021; 10:3161. [PMID: 34831384 PMCID: PMC8620443 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutrient limitation results in an activation of autophagy in organisms ranging from yeast, nematodes and flies to mammals. Several evolutionary conserved nutrient-sensing kinases are critical for efficient adaptation of yeast cells to glucose, nitrogen or phosphate depletion, subsequent cell-cycle exit and the regulation of autophagy. Here, we demonstrate that phosphate restriction results in a prominent extension of yeast lifespan that requires the coordinated activity of autophagy and the multivesicular body pathway, enabling efficient turnover of cytoplasmic and plasma membrane cargo. While the multivesicular body pathway was essential during the early days of aging, autophagy contributed to long-term survival at later days. The cyclin-dependent kinase Pho85 was critical for phosphate restriction-induced autophagy and full lifespan extension. In contrast, when cell-cycle exit was triggered by exhaustion of glucose instead of phosphate, Pho85 and its cyclin, Pho80, functioned as negative regulators of autophagy and lifespan. The storage of phosphate in form of polyphosphate was completely dispensable to in sustaining viability under phosphate restriction. Collectively, our results identify the multifunctional, nutrient-sensing kinase Pho85 as critical modulator of longevity that differentially coordinates the autophagic response to distinct kinds of starvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Ebrahimi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; (M.E.); (L.H.); (F.B.); (J.D.); (S.M.)
| | - Lukas Habernig
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; (M.E.); (L.H.); (F.B.); (J.D.); (S.M.)
| | - Filomena Broeskamp
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; (M.E.); (L.H.); (F.B.); (J.D.); (S.M.)
| | - Andreas Aufschnaiter
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Jutta Diessl
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; (M.E.); (L.H.); (F.B.); (J.D.); (S.M.)
| | - Isabel Atienza
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INIBICA), University of Cadiz, 11001 Cadiz, Spain; (I.A.); (F.A.R.)
| | - Steffen Matz
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; (M.E.); (L.H.); (F.B.); (J.D.); (S.M.)
| | - Felix A. Ruiz
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INIBICA), University of Cadiz, 11001 Cadiz, Spain; (I.A.); (F.A.R.)
| | - Sabrina Büttner
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; (M.E.); (L.H.); (F.B.); (J.D.); (S.M.)
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Studies of the genetic model organism, Drosophila melanogaster, have unraveled molecular pathways relevant to human physiology and disease. The Malpighian tubule, the Drosophila renal epithelium, is described here, including tools available to study transport; conserved transporters, channels, and the signaling pathways regulating them; and fly models of kidney stone disease. RECENT FINDINGS Tools to measure Malpighian tubule transport continue to advance, including use of a transgenic sensor to quantify intracellular pH and proton fluxes. A recent study generated an RNA-sequencing-based atlas of tissue-specific gene expression, with resulting insights into Malpighian tubule gene expression of transporters and channels. Advances have been made in understanding the molecular physiology of the With No Lysine kinase-Ste20-related proline/alanine rich kinase/oxidative stress response kinase cascade that regulates epithelial ion transport in flies and mammals. New studies in Drosophila kidney stone models have characterized zinc transporters and used Malpighian tubules to study the efficacy of a plant metabolite in decreasing stone burden. SUMMARY Study of the Drosophila Malpighian tubule affords opportunities to better characterize the molecular physiology of epithelial transport mechanisms relevant to mammalian renal physiology.
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Rose E, Lee D, Xiao E, Zhao W, Wee M, Cohen J, Bergwitz C. Endocrine regulation of MFS2 by branchless controls phosphate excretion and stone formation in Drosophila renal tubules. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8798. [PMID: 31217461 PMCID: PMC6584732 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45269-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
How inorganic phosphate (Pi) homeostasis is regulated in Drosophila is currently unknown. We here identify MFS2 as a key Pi transporter in fly renal (Malpighian) tubules. Consistent with its role in Pi excretion, we found that dietary Pi induces MFS2 expression. This results in the formation of Malpighian calcium-Pi stones, while RNAi-mediated knockdown of MFS2 increases blood (hemolymph) Pi and decreases formation of Malpighian tubule stones in flies cultured on high Pi medium. Conversely, microinjection of adults with the phosphaturic human hormone fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) induces tubule expression of MFS2 and decreases blood Pi. This action of FGF23 is blocked by genetic ablation of MFS2. Furthermore, genetic overexpression of the fly FGF branchless (bnl) in the tubules induces expression of MFS2 and increases Malpighian tubule stones suggesting that bnl is the endogenous phosphaturic hormone in adult flies. Finally, genetic ablation of MFS2 increased fly life span, suggesting that Malpighian tubule stones are a key element whereby high Pi diet reduces fly longevity previously reported by us. In conclusion, MFS2 mediates excretion of Pi in Drosophila, which is as in higher species under the hormonal control of FGF-signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Rose
- Section Endocrinology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Daniela Lee
- Section Endocrinology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Emily Xiao
- Section Endocrinology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Wenzhen Zhao
- Section Endocrinology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mark Wee
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan Cohen
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Clemens Bergwitz
- Section Endocrinology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Michigami T, Kawai M, Yamazaki M, Ozono K. Phosphate as a Signaling Molecule and Its Sensing Mechanism. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:2317-2348. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00022.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, phosphate balance is maintained by influx and efflux via the intestines, kidneys, bone, and soft tissue, which involves multiple sodium/phosphate (Na+/Pi) cotransporters, as well as regulation by several hormones. Alterations in the levels of extracellular phosphate exert effects on both skeletal and extra-skeletal tissues, and accumulating evidence has suggested that phosphate itself evokes signal transduction to regulate gene expression and cell behavior. Several in vitro studies have demonstrated that an elevation in extracellular Piactivates fibroblast growth factor receptor, Raf/MEK (mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK kinase)/ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) pathway and Akt pathway, which might involve the type III Na+/Picotransporter PiT-1. Excessive phosphate loading can lead to various harmful effects by accelerating ectopic calcification, enhancing oxidative stress, and dysregulating signal transduction. The responsiveness of mammalian cells to altered extracellular phosphate levels suggests that they may sense and adapt to phosphate availability, although the precise mechanism for phosphate sensing in mammals remains unclear. Unicellular organisms, such as bacteria and yeast, use some types of Pitransporters and other molecules, such as kinases, to sense the environmental Piavailability. Multicellular animals may need to integrate signals from various organs to sense the phosphate levels as a whole organism, similarly to higher plants. Clarification of the phosphate-sensing mechanism in humans may lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies to prevent and treat diseases caused by phosphate imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshimi Michigami
- Department of Bone and Mineral Research, Research Institute, Osaka Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Osaka Prefectural Hospital Organization, Izumi, Osaka, Japan; and Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masanobu Kawai
- Department of Bone and Mineral Research, Research Institute, Osaka Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Osaka Prefectural Hospital Organization, Izumi, Osaka, Japan; and Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Miwa Yamazaki
- Department of Bone and Mineral Research, Research Institute, Osaka Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Osaka Prefectural Hospital Organization, Izumi, Osaka, Japan; and Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keiichi Ozono
- Department of Bone and Mineral Research, Research Institute, Osaka Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Osaka Prefectural Hospital Organization, Izumi, Osaka, Japan; and Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Hernando N, Wagner CA. Mechanisms and Regulation of Intestinal Phosphate Absorption. Compr Physiol 2018; 8:1065-1090. [PMID: 29978897 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c170024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
States of hypo- and hyperphosphatemia have deleterious consequences including rickets/osteomalacia and renal/cardiovascular disease, respectively. Therefore, the maintenance of appropriate plasma levels of phosphate is an essential requirement for health. This control is executed by the collaborative action of intestine and kidney whose capacities to (re)absorb phosphate are regulated by a number of hormonal and metabolic factors, among them parathyroid hormone, fibroblast growth factor 23, 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 , and dietary phosphate. The molecular mechanisms responsible for the transepithelial transport of phosphate across enterocytes are only partially understood. Indeed, whereas renal reabsorption entirely relies on well-characterized active transport mechanisms of phosphate across the renal proximal epithelia, intestinal absorption proceeds via active and passive mechanisms, with the molecular identity of the passive component still unknown. The active absorption of phosphate depends mostly on the activity and expression of the sodium-dependent phosphate cotransporter NaPi-IIb (SLC34A2), which is highly regulated by many of the factors, mentioned earlier. Physiologically, the contribution of NaPi-IIb to the maintenance of phosphate balance appears to be mostly relevant during periods of low phosphate availability. Therefore, its role in individuals living in industrialized societies with high phosphate intake is probably less relevant. Importantly, small increases in plasma phosphate, even within normal range, associate with higher risk of cardiovascular disease. Therefore, therapeutic approaches to treat hyperphosphatemia, including dietary phosphate restriction and phosphate binders, aim at reducing intestinal absorption. Here we review the current state of research in the field. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 8:1065-1090, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nati Hernando
- National Center for Competence in Research NCCR Kidney.CH, Institute of Physiology, University Zurich-Irchel, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carsten A Wagner
- National Center for Competence in Research NCCR Kidney.CH, Institute of Physiology, University Zurich-Irchel, Zurich, Switzerland
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Dewer Y, Pottier MA, Lalouette L, Maria A, Dacher M, Belzunces LP, Kairo G, Renault D, Maibeche M, Siaussat D. Behavioral and metabolic effects of sublethal doses of two insecticides, chlorpyrifos and methomyl, in the Egyptian cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:3086-3096. [PMID: 26566611 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5710-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Insecticides have long been used as the main method in limiting agricultural pests, but their widespread use has resulted in environmental pollution, development of resistances, and biodiversity reduction. The effects of insecticides at low residual doses on both the targeted crop pest species and beneficial insects have become a major concern. In particular, these low doses can induce unexpected positive (hormetic) effects on pest insects, such as surges in population growth exceeding what would have been observed without pesticide application. Methomyl and chlorpyrifos are two insecticides commonly used to control the population levels of the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis, a major pest moth. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of sublethal doses of these two pesticides, known to present a residual activity and persistence in the environment, on the moth physiology. Using a metabolomic approach, we showed that sublethal doses of methomyl and chlorpyrifos have a systemic effect on the treated insects. We also demonstrated a behavioral disruption of S. littoralis larvae exposed to sublethal doses of methomyl, whereas no effects were observed for the same doses of chlorpyrifos. Interestingly, we highlighted that sublethal doses of both pesticides did not induce a change in acetylcholinesterase activity in head of exposed larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef Dewer
- Bioassay Research Department, Central Agricultural Pesticides Laboratory (CAPL), Sabahia Research Station, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Sabahia, Baccous, P.O. Box 21616, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Marie-Anne Pottier
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (iEES Paris) - Sensory Ecology Department - UMR UPMC 113, CNRS, IRD, INRA, PARIS 7, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UPEC - 7 Quai Saint Bernard, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Lisa Lalouette
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (iEES Paris) - Sensory Ecology Department - UMR UPMC 113, CNRS, IRD, INRA, PARIS 7, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UPEC - 7 Quai Saint Bernard, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Annick Maria
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (iEES Paris) - Sensory Ecology Department - UMR UPMC 113, CNRS, IRD, INRA, PARIS 7, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UPEC - 7 Quai Saint Bernard, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Dacher
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (iEES Paris) - Sensory Ecology Department - UMR UPMC 113, CNRS, IRD, INRA, PARIS 7, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UPEC - 7 Quai Saint Bernard, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Luc P Belzunces
- INRA, Laboratoire de Toxicologie Environnementale, UR 406 A&E, 228 Route de l'Aérodrome, CS 40509, 84914, Avignon Cedex 9, France
| | - Guillaume Kairo
- INRA, Laboratoire de Toxicologie Environnementale, UR 406 A&E, 228 Route de l'Aérodrome, CS 40509, 84914, Avignon Cedex 9, France
| | - David Renault
- Université de Rennes 1, UMR CNRS 6553 Ecobio 263 Avenue du Gal Leclerc, CS 74205, 35042, Rennes, France
| | - Martine Maibeche
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (iEES Paris) - Sensory Ecology Department - UMR UPMC 113, CNRS, IRD, INRA, PARIS 7, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UPEC - 7 Quai Saint Bernard, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - David Siaussat
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (iEES Paris) - Sensory Ecology Department - UMR UPMC 113, CNRS, IRD, INRA, PARIS 7, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UPEC - 7 Quai Saint Bernard, F-75005, Paris, France.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Maintaining phosphate homeostasis is essential and any deviation can lead to several acute and chronic disease states. To maintain normal physiological levels, phosphate needs to be tightly regulated. This is achieved through a complex relationship of organ cross-talk via hormonal regulation of the type II sodium-dependent phosphate co-transporters. This editorial provides evidence of the importance of intestinal NPT2b in health and chronic kidney disease (CKD). RECENT FINDINGS The advent of the different Npt2b knockout mice has increased our understanding of how the intestinal phosphate co-transporter contributes to the regulation of systemic phosphate. In addition, these studies have suggested that Npt2b may participate in the phosphate-sensing machinery important for organ cross-talk. Studies using Drosophila have expanded our knowledge of phosphate sensing mechanisms and may provide a foundation for delineating these pathways in humans. Several preclinical studies using different agents to modulate Npt2b, and clinical studies using nicotinamide, have provided evidence that Npt2b is a viable therapeutic target for the management of hyperphosphatemia. SUMMARY Over the last couple of years, new experimental approaches have increased our understanding of the important role of Npt2b in maintaining phosphate homeostasis. In addition, several clinical studies have associated the detrimental effects of elevated phosphate with cardiovascular events, and decreased lifespan. Although several key questions about intestinal phosphate transport remain to be answered, it is clear that the intestine is an important player, with current evidence suggesting that it is a prime target for regulating phosphate uptake and improving health outcomes in CKD.
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Synthesis and Characterization of Cell-Permeable Caged Phosphates that Can Be Photolyzed by Visible Light or 800 nm Two-Photon Photolysis. Chembiochem 2013; 14:2277-83. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201300425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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