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Talamonti E, Jacobsson A, Chiurchiù V. Impairment of Endogenous Synthesis of Omega-3 DHA Exacerbates T-Cell Inflammatory Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043717. [PMID: 36835128 PMCID: PMC9966148 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 (ω-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids, including docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are involved in numerous biological processes and have a range of health benefits. DHA is obtained through the action of elongases (ELOVLs) and desaturases, among which Elovl2 is the key enzyme involved in its synthesis, and can be further metabolized into several mediators that regulate the resolution of inflammation. Our group has recently reported that ELOVL2 deficient mice (Elovl2-/-) not only display reduced DHA levels in several tissues, but they also have higher pro-inflammatory responses in the brain, including the activation of innate immune cells such as macrophages. However, whether impaired synthesis of DHA affects cells of adaptive immunity, i.e., T lymphocytes, is unexplored. Here we show that Elovl2-/- mice have significantly higher lymphocytes in peripheral blood and that both CD8+ and CD4+ T cell subsets produce greater amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines in both blood and spleen compared to wild type mice, with a higher percentage of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells (CTLs) as well as IFN-γ-producing Th1 and IL-17-producing Th17 CD4+ cells. Furthermore, we also found that DHA deficiency impacts the cross-talk between dendritic cells (DC) and T cells, inasmuch as mature DCs of Elovl2-/- mice bear higher expression of activation markers (CD80, CD86 and MHC-II) and enhance the polarization of Th1 and Th17 cells. Reintroducing DHA back into the diets of Elovl2-/- mice reversed the exacerbated immune responses observed in T cells. Hence, impairment of endogenous synthesis of DHA exacerbates T cell inflammatory responses, accounting for an important role of DHA in regulating adaptive immunity and in potentially counteracting T-cell-mediated chronic inflammation or autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Talamonti
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, 114 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 114 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Jacobsson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 114 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Valerio Chiurchiù
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Resolution of Neuroinflammation, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: or
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2
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Möbs C, Salheiser M, Bleise F, Witt M, Mayer JU. Basophils control T cell priming through soluble mediators rather than antigen presentation. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1032379. [PMID: 36846020 PMCID: PMC9950813 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1032379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Basophils play an important role in the development of type 2 immunity and have been linked to protective immunity against parasites but also inflammatory responses in allergic diseases. While typically classified as degranulating effector cells, different modes of cellular activation have been identified, which together with the observation that different populations of basophils exist in the context of disease suggest a multifunctional role. In this review we aim to highlight the role of basophils play in antigen presentation of type 2 immunity and focus on the contribution basophils play in the context of antigen presentation and T cell priming. We will discuss evidence suggesting that basophils perform a direct role in antigen presentation and relate it to findings that indicate cellular cooperation with professional antigen-presenting cells, such as dendritic cells. We will also highlight tissue-specific differences in basophil phenotypes that might lead to distinct roles in cellular cooperation and how these distinct interactions might influence immunological and clinical outcomes of disease. This review thus aims to consolidate the seemingly conflicting literature on the involvement of basophils in antigen presentation and tries to find a resolution to the discussion whether basophils influence antigen presentation through direct or indirect mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Johannes U. Mayer
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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3
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Subirada PV, Tovo A, Vaglienti MV, Luna Pinto JD, Saragovi HU, Sánchez MC, Anastasía A, Barcelona PF. Etiological Roles of p75 NTR in a Mouse Model of Wet Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Cells 2023; 12:cells12020297. [PMID: 36672232 PMCID: PMC9856885 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is a pathological angiogenesis of the choroidal plexus of the retina and is a key feature in the wet form of age-related macular degeneration. Mononuclear phagocytic cells (MPCs) are known to accumulate in the subretinal space, generating a chronic inflammatory state that promotes the growth of the choroidal neovasculature. However, how the MPCs are recruited and activated to promote CNV pathology is not fully understood. Using genetic and pharmacological tools in a mouse model of laser-induced CNV, we demonstrate a role for the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) in the recruitment of MPCs, in glial activation, and in vascular alterations. After laser injury, expression of p75NTR is increased in activated Muller glial cells near the CNV area in the retina and the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE)-choroid. In p75NTR knockout mice (p75NTR KO) with CNV, there is significantly reduced recruitment of MPCs, reduced glial activation, reduced CNV area, and the retinal function is preserved, as compared to wild type mice with CNV. Notably, a single intravitreal injection of a pharmacological p75NTR antagonist in wild type mice with CNV phenocopied the results of the p75NTR KO mice. Our results demonstrate that p75NTR is etiological in the development of CNV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Albana Tovo
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba 5016, Argentina
| | - María Victoria Vaglienti
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba 5016, Argentina
| | | | - Horacio Uri Saragovi
- Lady Davis Research Institute-Jewish General Hospital, Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Maria Cecilia Sánchez
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba 5016, Argentina
| | - Agustín Anastasía
- Instituto Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba 5016, Argentina
- Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Biomédicas de Córdoba (IUCBC), Córdoba 5016, Argentina
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (P.F.B.)
| | - Pablo Federico Barcelona
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba 5016, Argentina
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (P.F.B.)
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4
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Han Lew M, Nor Norazmi M, Nordin F, Jun Tye G. A novel peptide vaccination augments cytotoxic CD8+ T-cell responses against Mycobacterium tuberculosis HspX antigen. Immunobiology 2022; 227:152201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2022.152201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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5
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Tiberi M, Evron T, Saracini S, Boffa L, Mercuri NB, Chintalacharuvu SR, Atamas SP, Chiurchiù V. Potent T cell-mediated anti-inflammatory role of the selective CB2 agonist lenabasum in multiple sclerosis. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2021; 48:e12768. [PMID: 34543449 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lenabasum is a synthetic cannabinoid receptor type-2 (CB2) agonist able to exert potent anti-inflammatory effects, but its role on T cells remains unknown. OBJECTIVES The present study was undertaken to investigate anti-inflammatory mechanisms of lenabasum in T lymphocyte subsets and its in vivo therapeutic efficacy in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). METHODS Mononuclear cells from 17 healthy subjects (HS) and 25 relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients were activated in presence or absence of lenabasum and analysed by flow cytometry and qRT-PCR. EAE mice were treated with lenabasum, and clinical score and neuroinflammation were evaluated. RESULTS Lenabasum significantly reduced TNF-a production from CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells in a dose-dependent manner in both HS and RRMS patients. In MS patients, lenabasum also reduced activation marker CD25 and inhibited IL-2 production from both T cell subsets and IFN-γ and IL-17 from committed Th1 and Th17 cells, respectively. These effects were blocked by the pretreatment with selective CB2 inverse agonist SR144528. In vivo treatment of EAE mice with lenabasum significantly ameliorated disease severity, reduced neuroinflammation and demyelination in spinal cord. CONCLUSION Lenabasum exerts potent T cell-mediated immunomodulatory effects, suggesting CB2 as a promising pharmacological target to counteract neuroinflammation in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Tiberi
- Laboratory of Resolution of Neuroinflammation, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Tama Evron
- Department of Discovery and Preclinical Development, Corbus Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Norwood, MA, USA
| | - Stefano Saracini
- Laboratory of Resolution of Neuroinflammation, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Boffa
- Neurology Unit, Tor Vergata Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Biagio Mercuri
- Neurology Unit, Tor Vergata Hospital, Rome, Italy.,Department of Experimental Neuroscience, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Subba R Chintalacharuvu
- Department of Discovery and Preclinical Development, Corbus Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Norwood, MA, USA
| | - Sergei P Atamas
- Department of Discovery and Preclinical Development, Corbus Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Norwood, MA, USA
| | - Valerio Chiurchiù
- Laboratory of Resolution of Neuroinflammation, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.,Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
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6
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Jia X, Chua BY, Loh L, Koutsakos M, Kedzierski L, Olshansky M, Heath WR, Chang SY, Xu J, Wang Z, Kedzierska K. High expression of CD38 and MHC class II on CD8 + T cells during severe influenza disease reflects bystander activation and trogocytosis. Clin Transl Immunology 2021; 10:e1336. [PMID: 34522380 PMCID: PMC8426257 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Although co‐expression of CD38 and HLA‐DR reflects T‐cell activation during viral infections, high and prolonged CD38+HLA‐DR+ expression is associated with severe disease. To date, the mechanism underpinning expression of CD38+HLA‐DR+ is poorly understood. Methods We used mouse models of influenza A/H9N2, A/H7N9 and A/H3N2 infection to investigate mechanisms underpinning CD38+MHC‐II+ phenotype on CD8+ T cells. To further understand MHC‐II trogocytosis on murine CD8+ T cells as well as the significance behind the scenario, we used adoptively transferred transgenic OT‐I CD8+ T cells and A/H3N2‐SIINKEKL infection. Results Analysis of influenza‐specific immunodominant DbNP366+CD8+ T‐cell responses showed that CD38+MHC‐II+ co‐expression was detected on both virus‐specific and bystander CD8+ T cells, with increased numbers of both CD38+MHC‐II+CD8+ T‐cell populations observed in immune organs including the site of infection during severe viral challenge. OT‐I cells adoptively transferred into MHC‐II−/− mice had no MHC‐II after infection, suggesting that MHC‐II was acquired via trogocytosis. The detection of CD19 on CD38+MHC‐II+ OT‐I cells supports the proposition that MHC‐II was acquired by trogocytosis sourced from B cells. Co‐expression of CD38+MHC‐II+ on CD8+ T cells was needed for optimal recall following secondary infection. Conclusions Overall, our study demonstrates that both virus‐specific and bystander CD38+MHC‐II+ CD8+ T cells are recruited to the site of infection during severe disease, and that MHC‐II presence occurs via trogocytosis from antigen‐presenting cells. Our findings highlight the importance of the CD38+MHC‐II+ phenotype for CD8+ T‐cell recall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Jia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Brendon Y Chua
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Liyen Loh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Marios Koutsakos
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Lukasz Kedzierski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity Parkville VIC Australia.,Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Moshe Olshansky
- Department of Microbiology Monash University Clayton VIC Australia
| | - William R Heath
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity Parkville VIC Australia
| | - So Young Chang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Jianqing Xu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Health Shanghai Medical College Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Zhongfang Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity Parkville VIC Australia.,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Katherine Kedzierska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity Parkville VIC Australia
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7
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Gérard A, Cope AP, Kemper C, Alon R, Köchl R. LFA-1 in T cell priming, differentiation, and effector functions. Trends Immunol 2021; 42:706-722. [PMID: 34266767 PMCID: PMC10734378 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The integrin LFA-1 is crucial for T cell entry into mammalian lymph nodes and tissues, and for promoting interactions with antigen-presenting cells (APCs). However, it is increasingly evident that LFA-1 has additional key roles beyond the mere support of adhesion between T cells, the endothelium, and/or APCs. These include roles in homotypic T cell-T cell (T-T) communication, the induction of intracellular complement activity underlying Th1 effector cell polarization, and the support of long-lasting T cell memory. Here, we briefly summarize current knowledge of LFA-1 biology, discuss novel cytoskeletal regulators of LFA-1 functions, and review new aspects of LFA-1 mechanobiology that are relevant to its function in immunological synapses and in specific pathologies arising from LFA-1 dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Gérard
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew P Cope
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Claudia Kemper
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institute of Health (NIH), Complement and Inflammation Research Section (CIRS), Bethesda, MD, USA; Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ronen Alon
- The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Robert Köchl
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, London, UK.
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8
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Reed J, Reichelt M, Wetzel SA. Lymphocytes and Trogocytosis-Mediated Signaling. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061478. [PMID: 34204661 PMCID: PMC8231098 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Trogocytosis is the intercellular transfer of membrane and membrane-associated molecules. This underappreciated process has been described in a variety of biological settings including neuronal remodeling, fertilization, viral and bacterial spread, and cancer, but has been most widely studied in cells of the immune system. Trogocytosis is performed by multiple immune cell types, including basophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, natural killer cells, B cells, γδ T cells, and CD4+ and CD8+ αβ T cells. Although not expressed endogenously, the presence of trogocytosed molecules on cells has the potential to significantly impact an immune response and the biology of the individual trogocytosis-positive cell. Many studies have focused on the ability of the trogocytosis-positive cells to interact with other immune cells and modulate the function of responders. Less understood and arguably equally important is the impact of these molecules on the individual trogocytosis-positive cell. Molecules that have been reported to be trogocytosed by cells include cognate ligands for receptors on the individual cell, such as activating NK cell ligands and MHC:peptide. These trogocytosed molecules have been shown to interact with receptors on the trogocytosis-positive cell and mediate intracellular signaling. In this review, we discuss the impact of this trogocytosis-mediated signaling on the biology of the individual trogocytosis-positive cell by focusing on natural killer cells and CD4+ T lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim Reed
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA; (J.R.); (M.R.)
| | - Madison Reichelt
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA; (J.R.); (M.R.)
| | - Scott A. Wetzel
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA; (J.R.); (M.R.)
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
- Correspondence:
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9
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Miyake K, Karasuyama H. The Role of Trogocytosis in the Modulation of Immune Cell Functions. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051255. [PMID: 34069602 PMCID: PMC8161413 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Trogocytosis is an active process, in which one cell extracts the cell fragment from another cell, leading to the transfer of cell surface molecules, together with membrane fragments. Recent reports have revealed that trogocytosis can modulate various biological responses, including adaptive and innate immune responses and homeostatic responses. Trogocytosis is evolutionally conserved from protozoan parasites to eukaryotic cells. In some cases, trogocytosis results in cell death, which is utilized as a mechanism for antibody-dependent cytotoxicity (ADCC). In other cases, trogocytosis-mediated intercellular protein transfer leads to both the acquisition of novel functions in recipient cells and the loss of cellular functions in donor cells. Trogocytosis in immune cells is typically mediated by receptor–ligand interactions, including TCR–MHC interactions and Fcγ receptor-antibody-bound molecule interactions. Additionally, trogocytosis mediates the transfer of MHC molecules to various immune and non-immune cells, which confers antigen-presenting activity on non-professional antigen-presenting cells. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in our understanding of the role of trogocytosis in immune modulation.
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10
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Boccasavia VL, Bovolenta ER, Villanueva A, Borroto A, Oeste CL, van Santen HM, Prieto C, Alonso-López D, Diaz-Muñoz MD, Batista FD, Alarcón B. Antigen presentation between T cells drives Th17 polarization under conditions of limiting antigen. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108861. [PMID: 33730591 PMCID: PMC7972993 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
T cells form immunological synapses with professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) resulting in T cell activation and the acquisition of peptide antigen-MHC (pMHC) complexes from the plasma membrane of the APC. They thus become APCs themselves. We investigate the functional outcome of T-T cell antigen presentation by CD4 T cells and find that the antigen-presenting T cells (Tpres) predominantly differentiate into regulatory T cells (Treg), whereas T cells that have been stimulated by Tpres cells predominantly differentiate into Th17 pro-inflammatory cells. Using mice deficient in pMHC uptake by T cells, we show that T-T antigen presentation is important for the development of experimental autoimmune encephalitis and Th17 cell differentiation in vivo. By varying the professional APC:T cell ratio, we can modulate Treg versus Th17 differentiation in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that T-T antigen presentation underlies proinflammatory responses in conditions of antigen scarcity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viola L Boccasavia
- Interactions with the Environment Program, Centro Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena R Bovolenta
- Interactions with the Environment Program, Centro Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Villanueva
- Interactions with the Environment Program, Centro Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Aldo Borroto
- Interactions with the Environment Program, Centro Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara L Oeste
- Interactions with the Environment Program, Centro Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Hisse M van Santen
- Interactions with the Environment Program, Centro Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Prieto
- Interactions with the Environment Program, Centro Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Alonso-López
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cancer, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), CSIC-University of Salamanca, Campus Unamuno s/n, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Manuel D Diaz-Muñoz
- Center for Physiopathology Toulouse-Purpan, INSERM UMR1043/CNRS UMR5282, CHU Purpan, BP3028, 31024 Toulouse, France
| | | | - Balbino Alarcón
- Interactions with the Environment Program, Centro Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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11
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Yan LH, Liu XL, Mo SS, Zhang D, Mo XW, Tang WZ. OX40 as a novel target for the reversal of immune escape in colorectal cancer. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:923-934. [PMID: 33841630 PMCID: PMC8014382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
First-generation immunological checkpoint inhibitors, such as CTLA-4, PD-L1 and PD-1 exhibit significant advantages over conventional cytotoxic drugs, such as oxaliplatin and 5-FU, for the treatment of colorectal cancer. However, these inhibitors are not ideal due to their low objective response rate and the vulnerability of these treatment methods when faced with emerging drug resistant cancers. This study summarizes the immunological characteristics of colorectal cancer treatment, and analyzes the ways in which OX40 may improve the efficacy of these treatments. Activation of the OX40 signaling pathway can enhance the activity of CD4+/CD8+ T cells and inhibit the function of Treg. Simultaneously, OX40 can directly inhibit the expression of Foxp3, affect the inhibitory function of Treg, and inhibit the immunosuppressive factors in the tumor microenvironment so as to reverse immune escape and reverse drug resistance. Therefore, OX40 is an important target for treating colorectal cancer in "cold tumors" with less immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Hai Yan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer HospitalNanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Colorectal CancerNanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xiao-Liang Liu
- Department of Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer HospitalNanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Si-Si Mo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer HospitalNanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Colorectal CancerNanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer HospitalNanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Colorectal CancerNanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xian-Wei Mo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer HospitalNanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Colorectal CancerNanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Wei-Zhong Tang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer HospitalNanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Colorectal CancerNanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
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12
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Zhu C, Shi Y, You J. Immune Cell Connection by Tunneling Nanotubes: The Impact of Intercellular Cross-Talk on the Immune Response and Its Therapeutic Applications. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:772-786. [PMID: 33529022 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c01248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Direct intercellular communication is an important prerequisite for the development of multicellular organisms, the regeneration of tissue, and the maintenance of various physiological activities. Tunnel nanotubes (TNTs), which have diameters of approximately 50-1500 nm and lengths of up to several cell diameters, can connect cells over long distances and have emerged as one of the most important recently discovered types of efficient communication between cells. Moreover, TNTs can also directly transfer organelles, vehicles, proteins, genetic material, ions, and small molecules from one cell to adjacent and even distant cells. However, the mechanism of intercellular communication between various immune cells within the complex immune system has not been fully elucidated. Studies in the past decades have confirmed the existence of TNTs in many types of cells, especially in various kinds of immune cells. TNTs display different structural and functional characteristics between and within different immunocytes, playing a major role in the transmission of signals across various kinds of immune cells. In this review, we introduce the discovery and structure of TNTs, as well as their different functional properties within different immune cells. We also discuss the roles of TNTs in potentiating the immune response and their potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunqi Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Shi
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian You
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
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Reed J, Wetzel SA. Assessing in vitro and in vivo Trogocytosis By Murine CD4 + T cells. Bio Protoc 2020; 10:e3607. [PMID: 33659572 PMCID: PMC7842502 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.3607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Recognition of antigens by lymphocytes (B, T, and NK) on the surface of an antigen-presenting cell (APC) leads to lymphocyte activation and the formation of an immunological synapse between the lymphocyte and the APC. At the immunological synapse APC membrane and associated membrane proteins can be transferred to the lymphocyte in a process called trogocytosis. The detection of trogocytosed molecules provides insights to the activation state, antigen specificity, and effector functions and differentiation of the lymphocytes. Here we outline our protocol for identifying trogocytosis-positive CD4+ T cells in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, antigen presenting cells are surface biotinylated and pre-loaded with magnetic polystyrene beads before incubating for a short time with in vitro activated CD4+ T cell blasts (90 min) or naïve T cells (3-24 h). After T cell recovery and APC depletion by magnetic separation trogocytosis positive (trog+) cells are identified by streptavidin staining of trogocytosed, biotinylated APC membrane proteins. Their activation phenotype, effector function, and effector differentiation are subsequently analyzed by flow cytometry immediately or after subsequent incubation. Similarly, trogocytosis-positive cells can be identified and similarly analyzed by flow cytometry. Previous studies have described methods for analyzing T cell trogocytosis to identify antigen-specific cells or the antigenic epitopes recognized by the cells. With the current protocol, the effects of trogocytosis on the individual T cell or the ability of trog+ T cells to modulate the activation and function of other immune cells can be assessed over an extended period of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim Reed
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Scott A. Wetzel
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
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14
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Zeng H, Zhang W, Gong Y, Xie C. Radiotherapy activates autophagy to increase CD8 + T cell infiltration by modulating major histocompatibility complex class-I expression in non-small cell lung cancer. J Int Med Res 2019; 47:3818-3830. [PMID: 31187666 PMCID: PMC6726798 DOI: 10.1177/0300060519855595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Radiotherapy is reported to enhance immune responses in cancer, but appropriate doses and mechanisms remain to be investigated. This study explored whether autophagy is involved in the regulation of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) expression and CD8+ T cell infiltration at different radiation doses. Methods Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines A549 and H1975 were exposed to different doses of radiation. The levels of autophagy and MHC-I expression were examined 6 hours after irradiation. The effects of the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ) on MHC-I expression were also investigated, as well as the relationship between autophagy and MHC-1 expression. Pathological specimens from 69 NSCLC patients were collected, and immunohistochemistry was used to detect MHC-1 expression and CD8+ T cell infiltration in tumors. Results Irradiation induced autophagy and MHC-I expression during a single radiation dose from 2 to 20 Gy in a dose-dependent manner. CQ downregulated MHC-I expression. Immunohistochemistry indicated that MHC-I levels were positively correlated with the infiltration of CD8+ T cells in NSCLC cells (R2 = 0.713). Conclusions Autophagy induced MHC-I expression and increased CD8+ T cell infiltration. A single radiation dose of 20 Gy induced the strongest CD8+ T cell infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Zeng
- 1 Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,2 Department of Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Jingzhou, Jingzhou, China
| | - Weijia Zhang
- 2 Department of Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Jingzhou, Jingzhou, China
| | - Yan Gong
- 3 Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Conghua Xie
- 1 Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,4 Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,5 Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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15
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Reed J, Wetzel SA. Trogocytosis-Mediated Intracellular Signaling in CD4 + T Cells Drives T H2-Associated Effector Cytokine Production and Differentiation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 202:2873-2887. [PMID: 30962293 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
CD4+ T cells have been observed to acquire APC-derived membrane and membrane-associated molecules through trogocytosis in diverse immune settings. Despite this, the consequences of trogocytosis on the recipient T cell remain largely unknown. We previously reported that trogocytosed molecules on CD4+ T cells engage their respective surface receptors, leading to sustained TCR signaling and survival after APC removal. Using peptide-pulsed bone marrow-derived dendritic cells and transfected murine fibroblasts expressing antigenic MHC:peptide complexes as APC, we show that trogocytosis-positive CD4+ T cells display effector cytokines and transcription factor expression consistent with a TH2 phenotype. In vitro-polarized TH2 cells were found to be more efficient at performing trogocytosis than TH1 or nonpolarized CD4+ cells, whereas subsequent trogocytosis-mediated signaling induced TH2 differentiation in polarized TH1 and nonpolarized cells. Trogocytosis-positive CD4+ T cells generated in vivo also display a TH2 phenotype in both TCR-transgenic and wild-type models. These findings suggest that trogocytosis-mediated signaling impacts CD4+ T cell differentiation and effector cytokine production and may play a role in augmenting or shaping a TH2-dominant immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim Reed
- Program in Cellular, Molecular and Microbial Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812; and
| | - Scott A Wetzel
- Program in Cellular, Molecular and Microbial Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812; and .,Center for Environmental Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812
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16
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Extracellular vesicle-mediated MHC cross-dressing in immune homeostasis, transplantation, infectious diseases, and cancer. Semin Immunopathol 2018; 40:477-490. [PMID: 29594331 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-018-0679-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells employ different types of extracellular vesicles (EVs) to exchange proteins, mRNAs, non-coding regulatory RNAs, carbohydrates, and lipids. Cells of the immune system, in particular antigen (Ag)-presenting cells (APCs), acquire major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II molecules loaded with antigenic peptides from leukocytes and tissue parenchymal and stromal cells, through a mechanism known as MHC cross-dressing. Increasing evidence indicates that cross-dressing of APCs with pre-formed Ag-peptide/MHC complexes (pMHCs) is mediated via passage of clusters of EVs with characteristics of exosomes. A percentage of the transferred EVs remain attached to the acceptor APCs, with the appropriate orientation, at sufficient concentration within localized areas of the plasma membrane, and for sufficient time, so the preformed pMHCs carried by the EVs are presented without further processing, to cognate T cells. Although its biological relevance is not fully understood, numerous studies have demonstrated that MHC cross-dressing of APCs represents a pathway of Ag presentation of acquired pre-formed pMHCs to T cells-alternative to direct and cross-presentation-participate in immune homeostasis and T cell tolerance, cross-regulate alloreactive T cells with different MHC restricted specificities, and is a mechanism of Ag spreading for autologous, allogeneic, microbial, tumor, or vaccine-delivered Ags. Here, we compare MHC cross-dressing with other mechanisms and terminologies used for pMHC transfer, including trogocytosis. We discuss the experimental evidence, mostly from in vitro and ex vivo studies, of the role of MHC cross-dressing of APCs via EVs in positive or negative regulation of T cell immunity in the steady state, transplantation, microbial diseases, and cancer.
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Chiurchiù V, Leuti A, Dalli J, Jacobsson A, Battistini L, Maccarrone M, Serhan CN. Proresolving lipid mediators resolvin D1, resolvin D2, and maresin 1 are critical in modulating T cell responses. Sci Transl Med 2017; 8:353ra111. [PMID: 27559094 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf7483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Resolution of inflammation is a finely regulated process mediated by specialized proresolving lipid mediators (SPMs), including docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-derived resolvins and maresins. The immunomodulatory role of SPMs in adaptive immune cells is of interest. We report that D-series resolvins (resolvin D1 and resolvin D2) and maresin 1 modulate adaptive immune responses in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. These lipid mediators reduce cytokine production by activated CD8(+) T cells and CD4(+) T helper 1 (TH1) and TH17 cells but do not modulate T cell inhibitory receptors or abrogate their capacity to proliferate. Moreover, these SPMs prevented naïve CD4(+) T cell differentiation into TH1 and TH17 by down-regulating their signature transcription factors, T-bet and Rorc, in a mechanism mediated by the GPR32 and ALX/FPR2 receptors; they concomitantly enhanced de novo generation and function of Foxp3(+) regulatory T (Treg) cells via the GPR32 receptor. These results were also supported in vivo in a mouse deficient for DHA synthesis (Elovl2(-/-)) that showed an increase in TH1/TH17 cells and a decrease in Treg cells compared to wild-type mice. Additionally, either DHA supplementation in Elovl2(-/-) mice or in vivo administration of resolvin D1 significantly reduced cytokine production upon specific stimulation of T cells. These findings demonstrate actions of specific SPMs on adaptive immunity and provide a new avenue for SPM-based approaches to modulate chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Chiurchiù
- Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy. European Center for Brain Research, Laboratory of Neurochemistry of Lipids, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143 Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Leuti
- Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy. European Center for Brain Research, Laboratory of Neurochemistry of Lipids, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Jesmond Dalli
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anders Jacobsson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Luca Battistini
- European Center for Brain Research, Neuroimmunology Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Maccarrone
- Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy. European Center for Brain Research, Laboratory of Neurochemistry of Lipids, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Charles N Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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18
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Barinov A, Galgano A, Krenn G, Tanchot C, Vasseur F, Rocha B. CD4/CD8/Dendritic cell complexes in the spleen: CD8+ T cells can directly bind CD4+ T cells and modulate their response. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180644. [PMID: 28686740 PMCID: PMC5501581 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
CD4+ T cell help to CD8+ T cell responses requires that CD4+ and CD8+ T cells interact with the same antigen presenting dendritic cell (Ag+DC), but it remains controversial whether helper signals are delivered indirectly through a licensed DC and/or involve direct CD4+/CD8+ T cell contacts and/or the formation of ternary complexes. We here describe the first in vivo imaging of the intact spleen, aiming to evaluate the first interactions between antigen-specific CD4+, CD8+ T cells and Ag+DCs. We show that in contrast to CD4+ T cells which form transient contacts with Ag+DC, CD8+ T cells form immediate stable contacts and activate the Ag+DC, acquire fragments of the DC membranes by trogocytosis, leading to their acquisition of some of the DC properties. They express MHC class II, and become able to present the specific Marilyn peptide to naïve Marilyn CD4+ T cells, inducing their extensive division. In vivo, these CD8+ T cells form direct stable contacts with motile naïve CD4+ T cells, recruiting them to Ag+DC binding and to the formation of ternary complexes, where CD4+ and CD8+ T cells interact with the DC and with one another. The presence of CD8+ T cells during in vivo immune responses leads to the early activation and up-regulation of multiple functions by CD4+ T lymphocytes. Thus, while CD4+ T cell help is important to CD8+ T cell responses, CD8+ T cells can interact directly with naïve CD4+ T cells impacting their recruitment and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessia Galgano
- INSERM, U1020, Faculté de Médecine René Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Gerald Krenn
- INSERM, U1020, Faculté de Médecine René Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Corinne Tanchot
- INSERM, U970, Université Paris Descartes, Centre de recherche Cardiovasculaire à l’HEGP, Paris, France
| | - Florence Vasseur
- INSERM, U1020, Faculté de Médecine René Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Benedita Rocha
- INSERM, U1020, Faculté de Médecine René Descartes, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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Expression of CD11c Is Associated with Unconventional Activated T Cell Subsets with High Migratory Potential. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154253. [PMID: 27119555 PMCID: PMC4847787 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
CD11c is an α integrin classically employed to define myeloid dendritic cells. Although there is little information about CD11c expression on human T cells, mouse models have shown an association of CD11c expression with functionally relevant T cell subsets. In the context of genital tract infection, we have previously observed increased expression of CD11c in circulating T cells from mice and women. Microarray analyses of activated effector T cells expressing CD11c derived from naïve mice demonstrated enrichment for natural killer (NK) associated genes. Here we find that murine CD11c+ T cells analyzed by flow cytometry display markers associated with non-conventional T cell subsets, including γδ T cells and invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells. However, in women, only γδ T cells and CD8+ T cells were enriched within the CD11c fraction of blood and cervical tissue. These CD11c+ cells were highly activated and had greater interferon (IFN)-γ secretory capacity than CD11c- T cells. Furthermore, circulating CD11c+ T cells were associated with the expression of multiple adhesion molecules in women, suggesting that these cells have high tissue homing potential. These data suggest that CD11c expression distinguishes a population of circulating T cells during bacterial infection with innate capacity and mucosal homing potential.
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20
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Kloc M, Kubiak JZ, Li XC, Ghobrial RM. Noncanonical intercellular communication in immune response. World J Immunol 2016; 6:67-74. [DOI: 10.5411/wji.v6.i1.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The classical view of signaling between cells of immune system includes two major routes of intercellular communication: Through the release of extracellular molecules or a direct interaction between membrane bound receptor and its membrane bound ligand, which initiate a cascade of signaling in target cell. However, recent studies indicate that besides these canonical modes of signaling there are also noncanonical routs of intercellular communications through membrane stripping/membrane exchange/trogocytosis, extracellular traps, exosomes and ectososmes/microparticles. In this review we discuss what are the components of noncanonical pathways of signaling and what role they play in immune cells interactions.
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21
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Conti P, Kempuraj D. Important role of mast cells in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2015; 5:77-80. [PMID: 26856948 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmunity is a disease that occurs when the body tissue is attacked by its own immune system. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune illness which triggers neurological progressive and persistent functions. MS is associated with an abnormal B-cell response and upregulation of T-cell reactivity against a multitude of antigens. Mast cells are the first line of the innate immune system and act by degranulating and secreting chemical mediators and cytokines. Their participation on the central nervous system has been recognized since the beginning of the last century. They have an important role in autoimmune disease, including MS where they mediate inflammation and demyelinization by presenting myelin antigens to T cells or disrupting the blood-brain barrier and permitting entry of inflammatory cells and cytokines. The participation of mast cells in MS is demonstrated by gene overexpression of chemical mediators and inflammatory cytokines. Here we report the relationship and involvement between mast cells and multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Conti
- Postgraduate, Medical School, University of Chieti-Pescara, Viale Unità dell'Italia 73, 66013 Chieti, Italy.
| | - D Kempuraj
- Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, IA, USA.
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22
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Dhainaut M, Coquerelle C, Uzureau S, Denoeud J, Acolty V, Oldenhove G, Galuppo A, Sparwasser T, Thielemans K, Pays E, Yagita H, Borst J, Moser M. Thymus-derived regulatory T cells restrain pro-inflammatory Th1 responses by downregulating CD70 on dendritic cells. EMBO J 2015; 34:1336-48. [PMID: 25787857 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201490312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The severity and intensity of autoimmune disease in immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked (IPEX) patients and in scurfy mice emphasize the critical role played by thymus-derived regulatory T cells (tTregs) in maintaining peripheral immune tolerance. However, although tTregs are critical to prevent lethal autoimmunity and excessive inflammatory responses, their suppressive mechanism remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate that tTregs selectively inhibit CD27/CD70-dependent Th1 priming, while leaving the IL-12-dependent pathway unaffected. Immunized mice depleted of tTregs showed an increased response of IFN-γ-secreting CD4(+) T cells that was strictly reliant on a functional CD27/CD70 pathway. In vitro studies revealed that tTregs downregulate CD70 from the plasma membrane of dendritic cells (DCs) in a CD27-dependent manner. CD70 downregulation required contact between Tregs and DCs and resulted in endocytosis of CD27 and CD70 into the DC. These findings reveal a novel mechanism by which tTregs can maintain tolerance or prevent excessive, proinflammatory Th1 responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Dhainaut
- Department of Molecular Biology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Caroline Coquerelle
- Department of Molecular Biology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Sophie Uzureau
- Department of Molecular Biology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Julie Denoeud
- Department of Molecular Biology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Valérie Acolty
- Department of Molecular Biology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Guillaume Oldenhove
- Department of Molecular Biology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Adrien Galuppo
- Department of Molecular Biology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging, Gosselies, Belgium
| | | | - Kris Thielemans
- Medical School, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Etienne Pays
- Department of Molecular Biology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Hideo Yagita
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jannie Borst
- Division of Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Muriel Moser
- Department of Molecular Biology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
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23
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Abstract
Professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) such as conventional dendritic cells (DCs) process protein antigens to MHC-bound peptides and then present the peptide–MHC complexes to T cells. In addition to this canonical antigen presentation pathway, recent studies have revealed that DCs and non-APCs can acquire MHC class I (MHCI) and/or MHC class II (MHCII) from neighboring cells through a process of cell–cell contact-dependent membrane transfer called trogocytosis. These MHC-dressed cells subsequently activate or regulate T cells via the preformed antigen peptide–MHC complexes without requiring any further processing. In addition to trogocytosis, intercellular transfer of MHCI and MHCII can be mediated by secretion of membrane vesicles such as exosomes from APCs, generating MHC-dressed cells. This review focuses on the physiological role of antigen presentation by MHCI- or MHCII-dressed cells, and also discusses differences and similarities between trogocytosis and exosome-mediated transfer of MHC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Nakayama
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University , Sendai , Japan
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24
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Dhainaut M, Moser M. Regulation of immune reactivity by intercellular transfer. Front Immunol 2014; 5:112. [PMID: 24734030 PMCID: PMC3975099 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
It was recently proposed that T lymphocytes, which closely interact with APCs, can extract surface molecules from the presenting cells when they dissociate. These observations question the classical view of discrete interactions between phenotypically defined cell populations. In this review, we summarize some reports suggesting that membrane exchange at the immune synapse can be a vector for intercellular communication and envisage some consequences on the biology of T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Dhainaut
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Université Libre de Bruxelles , Gosselies , Belgium
| | - Muriel Moser
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Université Libre de Bruxelles , Gosselies , Belgium
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Su Y, Jevnikar AM, Huang X, Lian D, Zhang ZX. Spi6 protects alloreactive CD4(+) but not CD8 (+) memory T cell from granzyme B attack by double-negative T regulatory cell. Am J Transplant 2014; 14:580-93. [PMID: 24730048 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.12614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Memory T (Tm) cells pose a major barrier to long-term transplant survival. Whether regulatory T cells (Tregs)can control them remains poorly defined. Previously,we established that double-negative (DN) Tregs suppress effector T (Teff) cells. Here, we demonstrate that DNTregs effectively suppress CD4+/CD8+Teff and CD8+Tm but not CD4+Tm cells, whereas the suppression on CD8+Tm is abrogated by perforin (PFN) deficiency in DNTregs. Consistently, in a BALB/c to B6-Rag1-/-skin transplantation, transfer of DN Tregs suppressed the rejection mediated by CD4þ/CD8+Teff and CD8+Tmcells (76.0±4.9, 87.5±5.0 and 63.0±4.7 days, respectively)but not CD4þTmcells (25.3±1.4 days). Both CD8þ effector memory T and central memory T compartments significantly reduced after DN Treg transfer. CD4+Tm highly expresses granzyme B (GzmB) inhibitor serine protease inhibitor-6 (Spi6). Spi6 deficiency renders CD4þTm susceptible to DN Treg suppression. In addition,transfer of WT DN Tregs, but not PFN-/-DN Tregs,inhibited the skin allograft rejection mediated by Spi6-/-CD4þTm(75.5±7.9 days). In conclusion, CD4+ and CD8+Tm cells differentially respond toDNTregs’ suppression.The GzmB resistance conferred by Spi6 in CD4þTm cells might hint at the physiological significance of Tmpersistence
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26
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Bedenikovic G, Crouse J, Oxenius A. T-cell help dependence of memory CD8+T-cell expansion upon vaccinia virus challenge relies on CD40 signaling. Eur J Immunol 2013; 44:115-26. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201343805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Josh Crouse
- Institute of Microbiology; ETH Zürich; Zürich Switzerland
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