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[Establishment and comparison of three human multiple myeloma cell line transplantation models in mice]. ZHONGHUA XUE YE XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA XUEYEXUE ZAZHI 2022; 43:414-419. [PMID: 35680600 PMCID: PMC9250955 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2022.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To establish three types of xenotransplantation models using human myeloma cell lines ARP1, MM.1S, and NCI-H929 and to compare the proliferation, tumor load, and biological characteristics of the three types of cells after transplantation. Methods: Suspensions of human myeloma cell lines ARP1, MM.1S, and NCI-H929 were implanted into NOD/SCID mice by subcutaneous injection or tail vein injection. The survival of the mice was observed weekly, and the tumor load was measured. Flow cytometry was used to detect the proportion of CD138(+) cells in tumor tissue or the mouse bone marrow. CD138(+) cells and light chains were detected by immunofluorescence. Light chains in bone marow and peipheral blood were measured by ELISA, and bone disease was assessed by micro-CT. Results: Mice injected with ARP1, MM.1S, and NCI-H929 cells all formed tumors subcutaneously in about 2 weeks. Immunofluorescence detection supported plasma cell tumors. Kappa light chains were detected in the peripheral blood of ARP1 mice on day 20 after tail vein transplantation (8.2±1.0 ng/ml) . After 6 weeks of tail vein transplantation, mice in the ARP1 group showed signs of weight loss, mental depression, and dragging legs, and human CD138(+)CD38(+) cells were detected in the bone marrow (BM) . Furthermore, bortezomib (BTZ) treatment given once the tumor was established significantly reduced the tumor burden[ (5.7±0.2) % vs (21.3±2.1) %, P<0.01]. Human CD138(+)CD38(+) cells were not detected in the BM of the MM.1S or NCI-H929 groups. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the mouse models constructed by the three cell lines (ARP1, MM.1S, and NCI-H929) can be used as models for the pathogenesis and clinical research of MM.
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Ghai A, Fettig N, Fontana F, DiPersio J, Rettig M, Neal JO, Achilefu S, Shoghi KI, Shokeen M. In vivo quantitative assessment of therapeutic response to bortezomib therapy in disseminated animal models of multiple myeloma with [ 18F]FDG and [ 64Cu]Cu-LLP2A PET. EJNMMI Res 2021; 11:97. [PMID: 34586539 PMCID: PMC8481408 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-021-00840-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple myeloma (MM) is a disease of cancerous plasma cells in the bone marrow. Imaging-based timely determination of therapeutic response is critical for improving outcomes in MM patients. Very late antigen-4 (VLA4, CD49d/CD29) is overexpressed in MM cells. Here, we evaluated [18F]FDG and VLA4 targeted [64Cu]Cu-LLP2A for quantitative PET imaging in disseminated MM models of variable VLA4 expression, following bortezomib therapy. Methods In vitro and ex vivo VLA4 expression was evaluated by flow cytometry. Human MM cells, MM.1S-CG and U266-CG (C: luciferase and G: green fluorescent protein), were injected intravenously in NOD-SCID gamma mice. Tumor progression was monitored by bioluminescence imaging (BLI). Treatment group received bortezomib (1 mg/kg, twice/week) intraperitoneally. All cohorts (treated, untreated and no tumor) were longitudinally imaged with [18F]FDG (7.4–8.0 MBq) and [64Cu]Cu-LLP2A (2–3 MBq; Molar Activity: 44.14 ± 1.40 MBq/nmol) PET, respectively. Results Flow cytometry confirmed high expression of CD49d in U266 cells (> 99%) and moderate expression in MM.1S cells (~ 52%). BLI showed decrease in total body flux in treated mice. In MM.1S-CG untreated versus treated mice, [64Cu]Cu-LLP2A localized with a significantly higher SUVmean in spine (0.58 versus 0.31, p < 0.01) and femur (0.72 versus 0.39, p < 0.05) at week 4 post-tumor inoculation. There was a four-fold higher uptake of [64Cu]Cu-LLP2A (SUVmean) in untreated U266-CG mice compared to treated mice at 3 weeks post-treatment. Compared to [64Cu]Cu-LLP2A, [18F]FDG PET detected treatment-related changes at later time points. Conclusion [64Cu]Cu-LLP2A is a promising tracer for timely in vivo assessment of therapeutic response in disseminated models of MM. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13550-021-00840-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anchal Ghai
- Department of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 4515 McKinley Avenue, 2nd floor, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Nikki Fettig
- Department of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 4515 McKinley Avenue, 2nd floor, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Francesca Fontana
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John DiPersio
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mike Rettig
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Julie O Neal
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Samuel Achilefu
- Department of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 4515 McKinley Avenue, 2nd floor, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kooresh I Shoghi
- Department of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 4515 McKinley Avenue, 2nd floor, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Monica Shokeen
- Department of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 4515 McKinley Avenue, 2nd floor, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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3
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Mehdi SH, Morris CA, Lee JA, Yoon D. An Improved Animal Model of Multiple Myeloma Bone Disease. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4277. [PMID: 34503090 PMCID: PMC8428359 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell malignancy that causes an accumulation of terminally differentiated monoclonal plasma cells in the bone marrow, accompanied by multiple myeloma bone disease (MMBD). MM animal models have been developed and enable to interrogate the mechanism of MM tumorigenesis. However, these models demonstrate little or no evidence of MMBD. We try to establish the MMBD model with severe bone lesions and easily accessible MM progression. 1 × 106 luciferase-expressing 5TGM1 cells were injected into 8-12 week-old NOD SCID gamma mouse (NSG) and C57BL/KaLwRij mouse via the tail vein. Myeloma progression was assessed weekly via in vivo bioluminescence (BL) imaging using IVIS-200. The spine and femur/tibia were extracted and scanned by the micro-computer tomography for bone histo-morphometric analyses at the postmortem. The median survivals were 56 days in NSG while 44.5 days in C57BL/KaLwRij agreed with the BL imaging results. Histomorphic and DEXA analyses demonstrated that NSG mice have severe bone resorption that occurred at the lumbar spine but no significance at the femur compared to C57BL/KaLwRij mice. Based on these, we conclude that the systemic 5TGM1 injected NSG mouse slowly progresses myeloma and develops more severe MMBD than the C57BL/KaLwRij model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Hassan Mehdi
- Myeloma Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
| | - Carol A Morris
- Graduate Program in Interdisciplinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
| | - Jung Ae Lee
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA;
| | - Donghoon Yoon
- Myeloma Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
- Graduate Program in Interdisciplinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
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4
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Mehdi SH, Nafees S, Mehdi SJ, Morris CA, Mashouri L, Yoon D. Animal Models of Multiple Myeloma Bone Disease. Front Genet 2021; 12:640954. [PMID: 34163520 PMCID: PMC8215650 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.640954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a clonal B-cell disorder characterized by the proliferation of malignant plasma cells (PCs) in the bone marrow, the presence of monoclonal serum immunoglobulin, and osteolytic lesions. It is the second most common hematological malignancy and considered an incurable disease despite significant treatment improvements. MM bone disease (MMBD) is defined as the presence of one or more osteolytic bone lesions or diffused osteoporosis with compression fracture attributable to the underlying clonal PC disorder. MMBD causes severe morbidity and increases mortality. Cumulative evidence shows that the interaction of MM cells and bone microenvironment plays a significant role in MM progression, suggesting that these interactions may be good targets for therapy. MM animal models have been developed and studied in various aspects of MM tumorigenesis. In particular, MMBD has been studied in various models, and each model has unique features. As the general features of MM animal models have been reviewed elsewhere, the current review will focus on the features of MMBD animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Hassan Mehdi
- Myeloma Center, The University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Sana Nafees
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Syed Jafar Mehdi
- Myeloma Center, The University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Carol A Morris
- Myeloma Center, The University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Ladan Mashouri
- Myeloma Center, The University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Donghoon Yoon
- Myeloma Center, The University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
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5
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Pisano M, Cheng Y, Sun F, Dhakal B, D’Souza A, Chhabra S, Knight JM, Rao S, Zhan F, Hari P, Janz S. Laboratory Mice - A Driving Force in Immunopathology and Immunotherapy Studies of Human Multiple Myeloma. Front Immunol 2021; 12:667054. [PMID: 34149703 PMCID: PMC8206561 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.667054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse models of human cancer provide an important research tool for elucidating the natural history of neoplastic growth and developing new treatment and prevention approaches. This is particularly true for multiple myeloma (MM), a common and largely incurable neoplasm of post-germinal center, immunoglobulin-producing B lymphocytes, called plasma cells, that reside in the hematopoietic bone marrow (BM) and cause osteolytic lesions and kidney failure among other forms of end-organ damage. The most widely used mouse models used to aid drug and immunotherapy development rely on in vivo propagation of human myeloma cells in immunodeficient hosts (xenografting) or myeloma-like mouse plasma cells in immunocompetent hosts (autografting). Both strategies have made and continue to make valuable contributions to preclinical myeloma, including immune research, yet are ill-suited for studies on tumor development (oncogenesis). Genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs), such as the widely known Vκ*MYC, may overcome this shortcoming because plasma cell tumors (PCTs) develop de novo (spontaneously) in a highly predictable fashion and accurately recapitulate many hallmarks of human myeloma. Moreover, PCTs arise in an intact organism able to mount a complete innate and adaptive immune response and tumor development reproduces the natural course of human myelomagenesis, beginning with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), progressing to smoldering myeloma (SMM), and eventually transitioning to frank neoplasia. Here we review the utility of transplantation-based and transgenic mouse models of human MM for research on immunopathology and -therapy of plasma cell malignancies, discuss strengths and weaknesses of different experimental approaches, and outline opportunities for closing knowledge gaps, improving the outcome of patients with myeloma, and working towards a cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Pisano
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Yan Cheng
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Fumou Sun
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Binod Dhakal
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Anita D’Souza
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Saurabh Chhabra
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Jennifer M. Knight
- Departments of Psychiatry, Medicine, and Microbiology & Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Sridhar Rao
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Marrow Transplant, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Fenghuang Zhan
- Myeloma Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Parameswaran Hari
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Siegfried Janz
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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6
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Hathi DK, Engelbach JA, Hillengass J, Veis D, Achilefu S, Garbow JR, Shokeen M. Longitudinal preclinical magnetic resonance imaging of diffuse tumor burden in intramedullary myeloma following bortezomib therapy. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2019; 32:e4122. [PMID: 31206946 PMCID: PMC6692195 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a largely incurable, debilitating hematologic malignancy of terminally differentiated plasma cells in the bone marrow (BM). Identification of therapeutic response is critical for improving outcomes and minimizing costs and off-target toxicities. To assess changes in BM environmental factors and therapy efficacy, there is a need for noninvasive, nonionizing, longitudinal, preclinical methods. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility of preclinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for longitudinal imaging of diffuse tumor burden in a syngeneic, immunocompetent model of intramedullary MM. C57Bl/KaLwRij mice were implanted intravenously with 5TGM1-GFP tumors and treated with a proteasome inhibitor, bortezomib, or vehicle control. MRI was performed weekly with a Helmholtz radiofrequency coil placed on the hind leg. Mean normalized T1-weighted signal intensities and T2 relaxation times were quantified for each animal following manual delineation of BM regions in the femur and tibia. Finally, tumor burden was quantified for each tissue using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Changes in T2 relaxation times correlated strongly to cell density and overall tumor burden in the BM. Median T2 relaxation times and regional T1-weighted contrast uptake were shown to be most relevant in identifying posttherapy disease stage in this model of intramedullary MM. In summary, our results highlighted potential preclinical MRI markers for assessing tumor burden and BM heterogeneity following bortezomib therapy, and demonstrated the application of longitudinal imaging with preclinical MRI in an immunocompetent, intramedullary setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deep K Hathi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America 63110
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America 63110
| | - John A. Engelbach
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America 63110
| | - Jens Hillengass
- Department of Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, United States of America 14203
| | - Deborah Veis
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America 63110
| | - Samuel Achilefu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America 63110
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America 63110
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America 63110
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center at Washington University School of Medicine and Barnes Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America 63110
| | - Joel R. Garbow
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America 63110
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center at Washington University School of Medicine and Barnes Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America 63110
| | - Monica Shokeen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America 63110
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America 63110
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center at Washington University School of Medicine and Barnes Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America 63110
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7
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Chen Z, He S, Zilberberg J, Lee W. Pumpless platform for high-throughput dynamic multicellular culture and chemosensitivity evaluation. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:254-261. [PMID: 30547180 PMCID: PMC6333476 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00872h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We report here a novel pumpless, 96-well plate-based platform for high-throughput dynamic multicellular culture and chemosensitivity evaluation. A gravity-driven flow strategy was developed to generate and sustain the flow rate of culture medium within 10% in the platform's 20 culture chambers. The ability of the platform to generate and sustain the medium flow was demonstrated by computational simulation, flow visualization, and ascertaining the previously known effect of flow-induced shear stress on the stimulated osteogenic differentiation of osteoblasts. The high-throughput utility of the platform was demonstrated by in situ cell staining and high content screening of chemosensitivity assays of multiple myeloma and osteoblast co-cultures. Endpoint characterization and data analyses for all 20 culture chambers required less than 1 hour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhehuan Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Stevens Institute of Technology, 1 Castle Point on Hudson, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, USA.
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8
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Nakagawa M, Fujita S, Katsumoto T, Yamagata K, Ogawara Y, Hattori A, Kagiyama Y, Honma D, Araki K, Inoue T, Kato A, Inaki K, Wada C, Ono Y, Yamamoto M, Miura O, Nakashima Y, Kitabayashi I. Dual inhibition of enhancer of zeste homolog 1/2 overactivates WNT signaling to deplete cancer stem cells in multiple myeloma. Cancer Sci 2018; 110:194-208. [PMID: 30343511 PMCID: PMC6317945 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable hematological malignancy caused by accumulation of abnormal clonal plasma cells. Despite the recent development of novel therapies, relapse of MM eventually occurs as a result of a remaining population of drug‐resistant myeloma stem cells. Side population (SP) cells show cancer stem cell‐like characteristics in MM; thus, targeting these cells is a promising strategy to completely cure this malignancy. Herein, we showed that SP cells expressed higher levels of enhancer of zeste homolog (EZH) 1 and EZH2, which encode the catalytic subunits of Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), than non‐SP cells, suggesting that EZH1 as well as EZH2 contributes to the stemness maintenance of the MM cells and that targeting both EZH1/2 is potentially a significant therapeutic approach for eradicating myeloma stem cells. A novel orally bioavailable EZH1/2 dual inhibitor, OR‐S1, effectively eradicated SP cells and had a greater antitumor effect than a selective EZH2 inhibitor in vitro and in vivo, including a unique patient‐derived xenograft model. Moreover, long‐term continuous dosing of OR‐S1 completely cured mice bearing orthotopic xenografts. Additionally, PRC2 directly regulated WNT signaling in MM, and overactivation of this signaling induced by dual inhibition of EZH1/2 eradicated myeloma stem cells and negatively affected tumorigenesis, suggesting that repression of WNT signaling by PRC2 plays an important role in stemness maintenance of MM cells. Our results show the role of EZH1/2 in the maintenance of myeloma stem cells and provide a preclinical rationale for therapeutic application of OR‐S1, leading to significant advances in the treatment of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Nakagawa
- Division of Hematological Malignancy, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shuhei Fujita
- Division of Hematological Malignancy, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuo Katsumoto
- Division of Hematological Malignancy, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazutsune Yamagata
- Division of Hematological Malignancy, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Ogawara
- Division of Hematological Malignancy, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayuna Hattori
- Division of Hematological Malignancy, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Kagiyama
- Division of Hematological Malignancy, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory of Oncology, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Honma
- Oncology Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazushi Araki
- Oncology Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Inoue
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Research Group, Discovery Science and Technology Department, Daiichi Sankyo RD Novare Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayako Kato
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Research Group, Discovery Science and Technology Department, Daiichi Sankyo RD Novare Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichiro Inaki
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Research Group, Discovery Science and Technology Department, Daiichi Sankyo RD Novare Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chisa Wada
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Research Group, Discovery Science and Technology Department, Daiichi Sankyo RD Novare Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Ono
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Research Group, Discovery Science and Technology Department, Daiichi Sankyo RD Novare Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahide Yamamoto
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Miura
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Nakashima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Issay Kitabayashi
- Division of Hematological Malignancy, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
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9
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Rossi M, Botta C, Arbitrio M, Grembiale RD, Tagliaferri P, Tassone P. Mouse models of multiple myeloma: technologic platforms and perspectives. Oncotarget 2018; 9:20119-20133. [PMID: 29732008 PMCID: PMC5929451 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Murine models of human multiple myeloma (MM) are key tools for the study of disease biology as well as for investigation and selection of novel candidate therapeutics for clinical translation. In the last years, a variety of pre-clinical models have been generated to recapitulate a wide spectrum of biological features of MM. These systems range from spontaneous or transgenic models of murine MM, to subcutaneous or orthothopic xenografts of human MM cell lines in immune compromised animals, to platform allowing the engraftment of primary/bone marrow-dependent MM cells within a human bone marrow milieu to fully recapitulate human disease. Selecting the right model for specific pre-clinical research is essential for the successful completion of investigation. We here review recent and most known pre-clinical murine, transgenic and humanized models of MM, focusing on major advantages and/or weaknesses in the light of different research aims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Rossi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Cirino Botta
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Mariamena Arbitrio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Pierosandro Tagliaferri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Pierfrancesco Tassone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.,Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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10
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Eugênio AIP, Fook-Alves VL, de Oliveira MB, Fernando RC, Zanatta DB, Strauss BE, Silva MRR, Porcionatto MA, Colleoni GWB. Proteasome and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) inhibitors as therapeutic alternative in multiple myeloma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:114698-114709. [PMID: 29383113 PMCID: PMC5777725 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
HSP70 connects multiple signaling pathways that work synergistically to protect tumor cells from death by proteotoxic stress and represents a possible target to establish a new approach for multiple myeloma treatment. Therefore, bioluminescent cell lines RPMI8226-LUC-PURO and U266-LUC-PURO were treated with HSP70 (VER155008) and/or proteasome (bortezomib) inhibitors and immunodeficient mice were used for subcutaneous xenograft models to evaluate tumor growth reduction and tumor growth inhibition after treatment. Bioluminescence imaging was used to follow tumor response. Treatment with bortezomib showed ∼60% of late apoptosis in RPMI8226-LUC-PURO (without additional benefit of VER155008 in this cell line). However, U266-LUC-PURO showed ∼60% of cell death after treatment with VER155008 (alone or with bortezomib). RPMI8226-LUC-PURO xenograft presented tumor reduction by bioluminescence imaging after treatment with bortezomib, VER155008 or drug combination compared to controls. Treatment with bortezomib, alone or combined with VER155008, showed inhibition of tumor growth assessed by bioluminescence imaging after one week in both RPMI8226-LUC-PURO and U266-LUC-PURO cell lines when compared to controls. In conclusion, our study shows that the combination of proteasome and HSP70 inhibitors induced cell death in tumor cells in vitro (late apoptosis induction) and in vivo (inhibition of tumor growth) with special benefit in U266-LUC-PURO, bearing 17p deletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Isabel Pereira Eugênio
- Discipline of Hematology e Hemotherapy, Department of Clinical and Experimental Oncology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Veruska Lia Fook-Alves
- Discipline of Hematology e Hemotherapy, Department of Clinical and Experimental Oncology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana Bleker de Oliveira
- Discipline of Hematology e Hemotherapy, Department of Clinical and Experimental Oncology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Carlini Fernando
- Discipline of Hematology e Hemotherapy, Department of Clinical and Experimental Oncology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniela B Zanatta
- Center of Translational Investigation in Oncology, Cancer Institute of the State of São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Bryan Eric Strauss
- Center of Translational Investigation in Oncology, Cancer Institute of the State of São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Gisele Wally Braga Colleoni
- Discipline of Hematology e Hemotherapy, Department of Clinical and Experimental Oncology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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11
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Her Z, Yong KSM, Paramasivam K, Tan WWS, Chan XY, Tan SY, Liu M, Fan Y, Linn YC, Hui KM, Surana U, Chen Q. An improved pre-clinical patient-derived liquid xenograft mouse model for acute myeloid leukemia. J Hematol Oncol 2017; 10:162. [PMID: 28985760 PMCID: PMC5639594 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-017-0532-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Xenotransplantation of patient-derived AML (acute myeloid leukemia) cells in NOD-scid Il2rγnull (NSG) mice is the method of choice for evaluating this human hematologic malignancy. However, existing models constructed using intravenous injection in adult or newborn NSG mice have inferior engraftment efficiency, poor peripheral blood engraftment, or are difficult to construct. Methods Here, we describe an improved AML xenograft model where primary human AML cells were injected into NSG newborn pups intrahepatically. Results Introduction of primary cells from AML patients resulted in high levels of engraftment in peripheral blood, spleen, and bone marrow (BM) of recipient mice. The phenotype of engrafted AML cells remained unaltered during serial transplantation. The mice developed features that are consistent with human AML including spleen enlargement and infiltration of AML cells into multiple organs. Importantly, we demonstrated that although leukemic stem cell activity is enriched and mediated by CD34+CD117+ subpopulation, CD34+CD117− subpopulation can acquire CD34+CD117+ phenotype through de-differentiation. Lastly, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of Sorafenib and Regorafenib in this AML model and found that periphery and spleen AML cells are sensitive to these treatments, whereas BM provides a protective environment to AML. Conclusions Collectively, our improved model is robust, easy-to-construct, and reliable for pre-clinical AML studies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13045-017-0532-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhisheng Her
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Proteos, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Kylie Su Mei Yong
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Proteos, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Kathirvel Paramasivam
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Proteos, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Wilson Wei Sheng Tan
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Proteos, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Xue Ying Chan
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Proteos, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Sue Yee Tan
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Proteos, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Min Liu
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Proteos, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138673, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yong Fan
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Yeh Ching Linn
- Department of Haematology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kam Man Hui
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Proteos, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138673, Singapore.,Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Uttam Surana
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Proteos, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138673, Singapore. .,Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Qingfeng Chen
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Proteos, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138673, Singapore. .,Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China. .,Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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12
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Cafforio P, Viggiano L, Mannavola F, Pellè E, Caporusso C, Maiorano E, Felici C, Silvestris F. pIL6-TRAIL-engineered umbilical cord mesenchymal/stromal stem cells are highly cytotoxic for myeloma cells both in vitro and in vivo. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:206. [PMID: 28962646 PMCID: PMC5622499 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0655-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal/stromal stem cells (MSCs) are favorably regarded in anti-cancer cytotherapies for their spontaneous chemotaxis toward inflammatory and tumor environments associated with an intrinsic cytotoxicity against tumor cells. Placenta-derived or TRAIL-engineered adipose MSCs have been shown to exert anti-tumor activity in both in-vitro and in-vivo models of multiple myeloma (MM) while TRAIL-transduced umbilical cord (UC)-MSCs appear efficient inducers of apoptosis in a few solid tumors. However, apoptosis is not selective for cancer cells since specific TRAIL receptors are also expressed by a number of normal cells. To overcome this drawback, we propose to transduce UC-MSCs with a bicistronic vector including the TRAIL sequence under the control of IL-6 promoter (pIL6) whose transcriptional activation is promoted by the MM milieu. Methods UC-MSCs were transduced with a bicistronic retroviral vector (pMIGR1) encoding for green fluorescent protein (GFP) and modified to include the pIL6 sequence upstream of the full-length human TRAIL cDNA. TRAIL expression after stimulation with U-266 cell conditioned medium, or IL-1α/IL-1β, was evaluated by flow cytometry, confocal microscopy, real-time PCR, western blot analysis, and ELISA. Apoptosis in MM cells was assayed by Annexin V staining and by caspase-8 activation. The cytotoxic effect of pIL6-TRAIL+-GFP+-UC-MSCs on MM growth was evaluated in SCID mice by bioluminescence and ex vivo by caspase-3 activation and X-ray imaging. Statistical analyses were performed by Student’s t test, ANOVA, and logrank test for survival curves. Results pIL6-TRAIL+-GFP+-UC-MSCs significantly expressed TRAIL after stimulation by either conditioned medium or by IL-1α/IL-1β, and induced apoptosis in U-266 cells. Moreover, when systemically injected in SCID mice intratibially xenografted with U-266, those cells underwent within MM tibia lesions and significantly reduced the tumor burden by specific induction of apoptosis in MM cells as revealed by caspase-3 activation. Conclusions Our tumor microenvironment-sensitive model of anti-MM cytotherapy is regulated by the axis pIL6/IL-1α/IL-1β and appears suitable for further preclinical investigation not only in myeloma bone disease in which UC-MSCs would even participate to bone healing as described, but also in other osteotropic tumors whose milieu is enriched of cytokines triggering the pIL6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Cafforio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, P.za G. Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy.
| | - Luigi Viggiano
- Department of Biology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Mannavola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, P.za G. Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Eleonora Pellè
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, P.za G. Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Concetta Caporusso
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantations, Section of Pathological Anatomy, University of Bari Aldo Moro, P.za G. Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Eugenio Maiorano
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantations, Section of Pathological Anatomy, University of Bari Aldo Moro, P.za G. Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Claudia Felici
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, P.za G. Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Silvestris
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, P.za G. Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
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13
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Eiamboonsert S, Salama Y, Watarai H, Dhahri D, Tsuda Y, Okada Y, Hattori K, Heissig B. The role of plasmin in the pathogenesis of murine multiple myeloma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 488:387-392. [PMID: 28501622 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Aside from a role in clot dissolution, the fibrinolytic factor, plasmin is implicated in tumorigenesis. Although abnormalities of coagulation and fibrinolysis have been reported in multiple myeloma patients, the biological roles of fibrinolytic factors in multiple myeloma (MM) using in vivo models have not been elucidated. In this study, we established a murine model of fulminant MM with bone marrow and extramedullar engraftment after intravenous injection of B53 cells. We found that the fibrinolytic factor expression pattern in murine B53 MM cells is similar to the expression pattern reported in primary human MM cells. Pharmacological targeting of plasmin using the plasmin inhibitors YO-2 did not change disease progression in MM cell bearing mice although systemic plasmin levels was suppressed. Our findings suggest that although plasmin has been suggested to be a driver for disease progression using clinical patient samples in MM using mostly in vitro studies, here we demonstrate that suppression of plasmin generation or inhibition of plasmin cannot alter MM progression in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salita Eiamboonsert
- Division of Stem Cell Dynamics, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Yousef Salama
- Division of Stem Cell Dynamics, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Watarai
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Douaa Dhahri
- Division of Stem Cell Dynamics, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Yuko Tsuda
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, 1-1-3 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe 850-8586, Japan
| | - Yoshio Okada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, 1-1-3 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe 850-8586, Japan
| | - Koichi Hattori
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; Center for Genome and Regenerative Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Beate Heissig
- Division of Stem Cell Dynamics, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; Atopy Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
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14
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Elmore SA, Chen VS, Hayes-Bouknight S, Hoane JS, Janardhan K, Kooistra LH, Nolte T, Szabo KA, Willson GA, Wolf JC, Malarkey DE. Proceedings of the 2016 National Toxicology Program Satellite Symposium. Toxicol Pathol 2016; 45:11-51. [PMID: 27821709 DOI: 10.1177/0192623316672074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The 2016 annual National Toxicology Program Satellite Symposium, entitled "Pathology Potpourri" was held in San Diego, CA, at the Society of Toxicologic Pathology's (STP) 35th annual meeting. The goal of this symposium was to present and discuss challenging diagnostic pathology and/or nomenclature issues. This article presents summaries of the speakers' talks, along with select images that were used by the audience for voting and discussion. Some lesions and topics covered during the symposium included malignant glioma and histiocytic sarcoma in the rodent brain; a new statistical method designed for histopathology data evaluation; uterine stromal/glandular polyp in a rat; malignant plasma cell tumor in a mouse brain; Schwann cell proliferative lesions in rat hearts; axillary schwannoma in a cat; necrosis and granulomatous inflammation in a rat brain; adenoma/carcinoma in a rat adrenal gland; hepatocyte maturation defect and liver/spleen hematopoietic defects in an embryonic mouse; distinguishing malignant glioma, malignant mixed glioma, and malignant oligodendroglioma in the rat; comparison of mammary gland whole mounts and histopathology from mice; and discussion of the International Harmonization of Nomenclature and Diagnostic Criteria collaborations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan A Elmore
- 1 National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Vivian S Chen
- 2 Charles River Laboratories, Inc., Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Jessica S Hoane
- 2 Charles River Laboratories, Inc., Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | - Thomas Nolte
- 4 Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Ingelheim, Germany
| | | | - Gabrielle A Willson
- 5 Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Wolf
- 6 Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Inc., Sterling, Virginia, USA
| | - David E Malarkey
- 1 National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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15
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Preclinical animal models of multiple myeloma. BONEKEY REPORTS 2016; 5:772. [PMID: 26909147 DOI: 10.1038/bonekey.2015.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is an incurable plasma-cell malignancy characterized by osteolytic bone disease and immunosuppression. Murine models of multiple myeloma and myeloma bone disease are critical tools for an improved understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease and the development of novel therapeutic strategies. This review will cover commonly used immunocompetent and xenograft models of myeloma, describing the advantages and disadvantages of each model system. In addition, this review provides detailed protocols for establishing systemic and local models of myeloma using both murine and human myeloma cell lines.
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16
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Zhang W, Gu Y, Sun Q, Siegel DS, Tolias P, Yang Z, Lee WY, Zilberberg J. Ex Vivo Maintenance of Primary Human Multiple Myeloma Cells through the Optimization of the Osteoblastic Niche. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125995. [PMID: 25973790 PMCID: PMC4431864 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported a new approach for culturing difficult-to-preserve primary patient-derived multiple myeloma cells (MMC) using an osteoblast (OSB)-derived 3D tissue scaffold constructed in a perfused microfluidic environment and a culture medium supplemented with patient plasma. In the current study, we used this biomimetic model to show, for the first time, that the long-term survival of OSB is the most critical factor in maintaining the ex vivo viability and proliferative capacity of MMC. We found that the adhesion and retention of MMC to the tissue scaffold was meditated by osteoblastic N-cadherin, as one of potential mechanisms that regulate MMC-OSB interactions. However, in the presence of MMC and patient plasma, the viability and osteogenic activity of OSB became gradually compromised, and consequently MMC could not remain viable over 3 weeks. We demonstrated that the long-term survival of both OSB and MMC could be enhanced by: (1) optimizing perfusion flow rate and patient-derived plasma composition in the culture medium and (2) replenishing OSB during culture as a practical means of prolonging MMC's viability beyond several weeks. These findings were obtained using a high-throughput well plate-based perfusion device from the perspective of optimizing the ex vivo preservation of patient-derived MM biospecimens for downstream use in biological studies and chemosensitivity analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Stevens Institute of Technology, 1 Castle Point on Hudson, Hoboken, New Jersey, 07030, United States of America
| | - Yexin Gu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Stevens Institute of Technology, 1 Castle Point on Hudson, Hoboken, New Jersey, 07030, United States of America
| | - Qiaoling Sun
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Stevens Institute of Technology, 1 Castle Point on Hudson, Hoboken, New Jersey, 07030, United States of America
| | - David S. Siegel
- John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, New Jersey, 07601, United States of America
| | - Peter Tolias
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biology, and Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey, 07030, United States of America
- Center for Healthcare Innovation, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey, 07030, United States of America
| | - Zheng Yang
- Research Department, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, New Jersey, 07601, United States of America
| | - Woo Y. Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Stevens Institute of Technology, 1 Castle Point on Hudson, Hoboken, New Jersey, 07030, United States of America
| | - Jenny Zilberberg
- John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, New Jersey, 07601, United States of America
- Research Department, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, New Jersey, 07601, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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17
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Lawson MA, Paton-Hough JM, Evans HR, Walker RE, Harris W, Ratnabalan D, Snowden JA, Chantry AD. NOD/SCID-GAMMA mice are an ideal strain to assess the efficacy of therapeutic agents used in the treatment of myeloma bone disease. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119546. [PMID: 25768011 PMCID: PMC4358985 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal models of multiple myeloma vary in terms of consistency of onset, degree of tumour burden and degree of myeloma bone disease. Here we describe five pre-clinical models of myeloma in NOD/SCID-GAMMA mice to specifically study the effects of therapeutic agents on myeloma bone disease. Groups of 7–8 week old female irradiated NOD/SCID-GAMMA mice were injected intravenously via the tail vein with either 1x106 JJN3, U266, XG-1 or OPM-2 human myeloma cell lines or patient-derived myeloma cells. At the first signs of morbidity in each tumour group all animals were sacrificed. Tumour load was measured by histological analysis, and bone disease was assessed by micro-CT and standard histomorphometric methods. Mice injected with JJN3, U266 or OPM-2 cells showed high tumour bone marrow infiltration of the long bones with low variability, resulting in osteolytic lesions. In contrast, mice injected with XG-1 or patient-derived myeloma cells showed lower tumour bone marrow infiltration and less bone disease with high variability. Injection of JJN3 cells into NOD/SCID-GAMMA mice resulted in an aggressive, short-term model of myeloma with mice exhibiting signs of morbidity 3 weeks later. Treating these mice with zoledronic acid at the time of tumour cell injection or once tumour was established prevented JJN3-induced bone disease but did not reduce tumour burden, whereas, carfilzomib treatment given once tumour was established significantly reduced tumour burden. Injection of U266, XG-1, OPM-2 and patient-derived myeloma cells resulted in less aggressive longer-term models of myeloma with mice exhibiting signs of morbidity 8 weeks later. Treating U266-induced disease with zoledronic acid prevented the formation of osteolytic lesions and trabecular bone loss as well as reducing tumour burden whereas, carfilzomib treatment only reduced tumour burden. In summary, JJN3, U266 or OPM-2 cells injected into NOD/SCID-GAMMA mice provide robust models to study anti-myeloma therapies, particularly those targeting myeloma bone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A. Lawson
- Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Julia M. Paton-Hough
- Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Holly R. Evans
- Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca E. Walker
- Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - William Harris
- Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Dharshi Ratnabalan
- Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - John A. Snowden
- Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew D. Chantry
- Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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18
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Waizenegger JS, Ben-Batalla I, Weinhold N, Meissner T, Wroblewski M, Janning M, Riecken K, Binder M, Atanackovic D, Taipaleenmaeki H, Schewe D, Sawall S, Gensch V, Cubas-Cordova M, Seckinger A, Fiedler W, Hesse E, Kröger N, Fehse B, Hose D, Klein B, Raab MS, Pantel K, Bokemeyer C, Loges S. Role of Growth arrest-specific gene 6-Mer axis in multiple myeloma. Leukemia 2014; 29:696-704. [PMID: 25102945 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2014.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is a mostly incurable malignancy characterized by the expansion of a malignant plasma cell (PC) clone in the human bone marrow (BM). Myeloma cells closely interact with the BM stroma, which secretes soluble factors that foster myeloma progression and therapy resistance. Growth arrest-specific gene 6 (Gas6) is produced by BM-derived stroma cells and can promote malignancy. However, the role of Gas6 and its receptors Axl, Tyro3 and Mer (TAM receptors) in myeloma is unknown. We therefore investigated their expression in myeloma cell lines and in the BM of myeloma patients and healthy donors. Gas6 showed increased expression in sorted BMPCs of myeloma patients compared with healthy controls. The fraction of Mer(+) BMPCs was increased in myeloma patients in comparison with healthy controls whereas Axl and Tyro3 were not expressed by BMPCs in the majority of patients. Downregulation of Gas6 and Mer inhibited the proliferation of different myeloma cell lines, whereas knocking down Axl or Tyro3 had no effect. Inhibition of the Gas6 receptor Mer or therapeutic targeting of Gas6 by warfarin reduced myeloma burden and improved survival in a systemic model of myeloma. Thus, the Gas6-Mer axis represents a novel candidate for therapeutic intervention in this incurable malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Waizenegger
- 1] Department of Hematology and Oncology, BMT with Section of Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum, University Comprehensive Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany [2] Department of Tumor Biology, Center of Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - I Ben-Batalla
- 1] Department of Hematology and Oncology, BMT with Section of Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum, University Comprehensive Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany [2] Department of Tumor Biology, Center of Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - N Weinhold
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T Meissner
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - M Wroblewski
- 1] Department of Hematology and Oncology, BMT with Section of Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum, University Comprehensive Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany [2] Department of Tumor Biology, Center of Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Janning
- 1] Department of Hematology and Oncology, BMT with Section of Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum, University Comprehensive Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany [2] Department of Tumor Biology, Center of Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - K Riecken
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Binder
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, BMT with Section of Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum, University Comprehensive Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - D Atanackovic
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, BMT with Section of Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum, University Comprehensive Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - H Taipaleenmaeki
- Heisenberg-Group for Molecular Skeletal Biology, Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - D Schewe
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - S Sawall
- 1] Department of Hematology and Oncology, BMT with Section of Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum, University Comprehensive Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany [2] Department of Tumor Biology, Center of Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - V Gensch
- 1] Department of Hematology and Oncology, BMT with Section of Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum, University Comprehensive Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany [2] Department of Tumor Biology, Center of Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Cubas-Cordova
- 1] Department of Hematology and Oncology, BMT with Section of Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum, University Comprehensive Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany [2] Department of Tumor Biology, Center of Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Seckinger
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - W Fiedler
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, BMT with Section of Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum, University Comprehensive Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - E Hesse
- Heisenberg-Group for Molecular Skeletal Biology, Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - N Kröger
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - B Fehse
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - D Hose
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B Klein
- Institute of Research in Biotherapy, University Hospital of Montpellier (CHU), Montpellier, France
| | - M S Raab
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Pantel
- Department of Tumor Biology, Center of Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - C Bokemeyer
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, BMT with Section of Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum, University Comprehensive Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Loges
- 1] Department of Hematology and Oncology, BMT with Section of Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum, University Comprehensive Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany [2] Department of Tumor Biology, Center of Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Melchor L, Brioli A, Wardell CP, Murison A, Potter NE, Kaiser MF, Fryer RA, Johnson DC, Begum DB, Hulkki Wilson S, Vijayaraghavan G, Titley I, Cavo M, Davies FE, Walker BA, Morgan GJ. Single-cell genetic analysis reveals the composition of initiating clones and phylogenetic patterns of branching and parallel evolution in myeloma. Leukemia 2014; 28:1705-15. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2014.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Schueler J, Wider D, Klingner K, Siegers GM, May AM, Wäsch R, Fiebig HH, Engelhardt M. Intratibial injection of human multiple myeloma cells in NOD/SCID IL-2Rγ(null) mice mimics human myeloma and serves as a valuable tool for the development of anticancer strategies. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79939. [PMID: 24223204 PMCID: PMC3819303 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We systematically analyzed multiple myeloma (MM) cell lines and patient bone marrow cells for their engraftment capacity in immunodeficient mice and validated the response of the resulting xenografts to antimyeloma agents. DESIGN AND METHODS Using flow cytometry and near infrared fluorescence in-vivo-imaging, growth kinetics of MM cell lines L363 and RPMI8226 and patient bone marrow cells were investigated with use of a murine subcutaneous bone implant, intratibial and intravenous approach in NOD/SCID, NOD/SCID treated with CD122 antibody and NOD/SCID IL-2Rγ(null) mice (NSG). RESULTS Myeloma growth was significantly increased in the absence of natural killer cell activity (NSG or αCD122-treated NOD/SCID). Comparison of NSG and αCD122-treated NOD/SCID revealed enhanced growth kinetics in the former, especially with respect to metastatic tumor sites which were exclusively observed therein. In NSG, MM cells were more tumorigenic when injected intratibially than intravenously. In NOD/SCID in contrast, the use of juvenile long bone implants was superior to intratibial or intravenous cancer cell injection. Using the intratibial NSG model, mice developed typical disease symptoms exclusively when implanted with human MM cell lines or patient-derived bone marrow cells, but not with healthy bone marrow cells nor in mock-injected animals. Bortezomib and dexamethasone delayed myeloma progression in L363- as well as patient-derived MM cell bearing NSG. Antitumor activity could be quantified via flow cytometry and in vivo imaging analyses. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the intratibial NSG MM model mimics the clinical situation of the disseminated disease and serves as a valuable tool in the development of novel anticancer strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Schueler
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
- Department for Invivo Tumorbiology, Oncotest, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dagmar Wider
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Gabrielle M. Siegers
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Annette M. May
- Department of Pathology, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ralph Wäsch
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Monika Engelhardt
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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