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González-Suárez M, Aguilar-Arnal L. Histone methylation: at the crossroad between circadian rhythms in transcription and metabolism. Front Genet 2024; 15:1343030. [PMID: 38818037 PMCID: PMC11137191 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1343030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms, essential 24-hour cycles guiding biological functions, synchronize organisms with daily environmental changes. These rhythms, which are evolutionarily conserved, govern key processes like feeding, sleep, metabolism, body temperature, and endocrine secretion. The central clock, located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), orchestrates a hierarchical network, synchronizing subsidiary peripheral clocks. At the cellular level, circadian expression involves transcription factors and epigenetic remodelers, with environmental signals contributing flexibility. Circadian disruption links to diverse diseases, emphasizing the urgency to comprehend the underlying mechanisms. This review explores the communication between the environment and chromatin, focusing on histone post-translational modifications. Special attention is given to the significance of histone methylation in circadian rhythms and metabolic control, highlighting its potential role as a crucial link between metabolism and circadian rhythms. Understanding these molecular intricacies holds promise for preventing and treating complex diseases associated with circadian disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lorena Aguilar-Arnal
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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Zhang ZB, Sinha J, Bahrami-Nejad Z, Teruel MN. The circadian clock mediates daily bursts of cell differentiation by periodically restricting cell-differentiation commitment. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2204470119. [PMID: 35939672 PMCID: PMC9388110 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2204470119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Most mammalian cells have an intrinsic circadian clock that coordinates metabolic activity with the daily rest and wake cycle. The circadian clock is known to regulate cell differentiation, but how continuous daily oscillations of the internal clock can control a much longer, multiday differentiation process is not known. Here, we simultaneously monitor circadian clock and adipocyte-differentiation progression live in single cells. Strikingly, we find a bursting behavior in the cell population whereby individual preadipocytes commit to differentiate primarily during a 12-h window each day, corresponding to the time of rest. Daily gating occurs because cells irreversibly commit to differentiate within only a few hours, which is much faster than the rest phase and the overall multiday differentiation process. The daily bursts in differentiation commitment result from a differentiation-stimulus driven variable and slow increase in expression of PPARG, the master regulator of adipogenesis, overlaid with circadian boosts in PPARG expression driven by fast, clock-driven PPARG regulators such as CEBPA. Our finding of daily bursts in cell differentiation only during the circadian cycle phase corresponding to evening in humans is broadly relevant, given that most differentiating somatic cells are regulated by the circadian clock. Having a restricted time each day when differentiation occurs may open therapeutic strategies to use timed treatment relative to the clock to promote tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Bo Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065
- The Ira & Gale Drukier Institute of Children’s Health, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Joydeb Sinha
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Zahra Bahrami-Nejad
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Mary N. Teruel
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065
- The Ira & Gale Drukier Institute of Children’s Health, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
- Weill Center for Metabolic Health, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
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Enyama Y, Takeshita Y, Tanaka T, Sako S, Kanamori T, Takamura T. Distinct effects of carbohydrate ingestion timing on glucose fluctuation and energy metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled study. Endocr J 2021; 68:1225-1236. [PMID: 34121047 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej20-0623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This randomized, open-label, and parallel-group study aimed to investigate the effects of altering the timing of carbohydrate intake at breakfast or dinner on blood glucose fluctuations and energy metabolism. A total of 43 participants with type 2 diabetes were assigned to either the breakfast or dinner group. Participants were provided an isocaloric carbohydrate-restricted diet constituting 10% carbohydrate only at breakfast or dinner for 2 days during the study. Glucose fluctuations were compared using a continuous glucose monitoring system (iPro2) and body composition, energy expenditure, blood biochemistry, and endocrine function changes. The carbohydrate restriction either at breakfast or dinner significantly decreased postprandial glucose excursion and mean 24-h blood glucose levels. The incremental blood glucose area under the curve (AUC) for 2 h (iAUC0-2h) at lunch significantly increased in the breakfast group, whereas no significant differences were observed in the iAUC0-2h between breakfast and lunch in the dinner group. Carbohydrate restriction reduced diet-induced thermogenesis at breakfast (intragroup comparison; 223 ± 117 to 109 ± 104 kcal, p = 0.002) but did not affect diet-induced thermogenesis at dinner. However, fasting plasma free fatty acids were comparable in both groups, prelunch free fatty acids increased significantly only in the breakfast group (0.20 ± 0.09 to 0.63 ± 0.19 mEq/L, p < 0.001). Carbohydrate restriction in the diet once daily decreases mean 24-h blood glucose levels and exerts unique metabolic effects depending on the timing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasufumi Enyama
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Yumie Takeshita
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Takeo Tanaka
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Saori Sako
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Takehiro Kanamori
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Toshinari Takamura
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
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Kiehn JT, Tsang AH, Heyde I, Leinweber B, Kolbe I, Leliavski A, Oster H. Circadian Rhythms in Adipose Tissue Physiology. Compr Physiol 2017; 7:383-427. [PMID: 28333377 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c160017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The different types of adipose tissues fulfill a wide range of biological functions-from energy storage to hormone secretion and thermogenesis-many of which show pronounced variations over the course of the day. Such 24-h rhythms in physiology and behavior are coordinated by endogenous circadian clocks found in all tissues and cells, including adipocytes. At the molecular level, these clocks are based on interlocked transcriptional-translational feedback loops comprised of a set of clock genes/proteins. Tissue-specific clock-controlled transcriptional programs translate time-of-day information into physiologically relevant signals. In adipose tissues, clock gene control has been documented for adipocyte proliferation and differentiation, lipid metabolism as well as endocrine function and other adipose oscillations are under control of systemic signals tied to endocrine, neuronal, or behavioral rhythms. Circadian rhythm disruption, for example, by night shift work or through genetic alterations, is associated with changes in adipocyte metabolism and hormone secretion. At the same time, adipose metabolic state feeds back to central and peripheral clocks, adjusting behavioral and physiological rhythms. In this overview article, we summarize our current knowledge about the crosstalk between circadian clocks and energy metabolism with a focus on adipose physiology. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 7:383-427, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana-Thabea Kiehn
- Chronophysiology Group, Medical Department I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Anthony H Tsang
- Chronophysiology Group, Medical Department I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Isabel Heyde
- Chronophysiology Group, Medical Department I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Brinja Leinweber
- Chronophysiology Group, Medical Department I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Isa Kolbe
- Chronophysiology Group, Medical Department I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Alexei Leliavski
- Institute of Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Henrik Oster
- Chronophysiology Group, Medical Department I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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Nohara K, Shin Y, Park N, Jeong K, He B, Koike N, Yoo SH, Chen Z. Ammonia-lowering activities and carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1 (Cps1) induction mechanism of a natural flavonoid. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2015; 12:23. [PMID: 26075008 PMCID: PMC4465466 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-015-0020-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ammonia detoxification is essential for physiological well-being, and the urea cycle in liver plays a predominant role in ammonia disposal. Nobiletin (NOB), a natural dietary flavonoid, is known to exhibit various physiological efficacies. In the current study, we investigated a potential role of NOB in ammonia control and the underlying cellular mechanism. MATERIALS/METHODS C57BL/6 mice were fed with regular chow (RC), high-fat (HFD) or high-protein diet (HPD) and treated with either vehicle or NOB. Serum and/or urine levels of ammonia and urea were measured. Liver expression of genes encoding urea cycle enzymes and C/EBP transcription factors was determined over the circadian cycle. Luciferase reporter assays were carried out to investigate function of CCAAT consensus elements on the carbamoyl phosphate synthetase (Cps1) gene promoter. A circadian clock-deficient mouse mutant, Clock (Δ19/Δ19) , was utilized to examine a requisite role of the circadian clock in mediating NOB induction of Cps1. RESULTS NOB was able to lower serum ammonia levels in mice fed with RC, HFD or HPD. Compared with RC, HFD repressed the mRNA and protein expression of Cps1, encoding the rate-limiting enzyme of the urea cycle. Interestingly, NOB rescued CPS1 protein levels under the HFD condition via induction of the transcription factors C/EBPα and C/EBPβ. Expression of other urea cycle genes was also decreased by HFD relative to RC and again restored by NOB to varying degrees, which, in conjunction with Cps1 promoter reporter analysis, suggested a C/EBP-dependent mechanism for the co-induction of urea cycle genes by NOB. In comparison, HPD markedly increased CPS1 levels relative to RC, yet NOB did not further enrich CPS1 to a significant extent. Using the circadian mouse mutant Clock (Δ19/Δ19) , we also showed that a functional circadian clock, known to modulate C/EBP and CPS1 expression, was required for NOB induction of CPS1 under the HFD condition. CONCLUSION NOB, a dietary flavonoid, exhibits a broad activity in ammonia control across varying diets, and regulates urea cycle function via C/EBP-and clock-dependent regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunari Nohara
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, MSB 6.200, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Youngmin Shin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, MSB 6.200, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Noheon Park
- Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390 USA
| | - Kwon Jeong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, MSB 6.200, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Baokun He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, MSB 6.200, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Nobuya Koike
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566 Japan
| | - Seung-Hee Yoo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, MSB 6.200, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, MSB 6.200, Houston, TX 77030 USA
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Lin LL, Huang HC, Juan HF. Circadian systems biology in Metazoa. Brief Bioinform 2015; 16:1008-24. [PMID: 25758249 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbv006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Systems biology, which can be defined as integrative biology, comprises multistage processes that can be used to understand components of complex biological systems of living organisms and provides hierarchical information to decoding life. Using systems biology approaches such as genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics, it is now possible to delineate more complicated interactions between circadian control systems and diseases. The circadian rhythm is a multiscale phenomenon existing within the body that influences numerous physiological activities such as changes in gene expression, protein turnover, metabolism and human behavior. In this review, we describe the relationships between the circadian control system and its related genes or proteins, and circadian rhythm disorders in systems biology studies. To maintain and modulate circadian oscillation, cells possess elaborative feedback loops composed of circadian core proteins that regulate the expression of other genes through their transcriptional activities. The disruption of these rhythms has been reported to be associated with diseases such as arrhythmia, obesity, insulin resistance, carcinogenesis and disruptions in natural oscillations in the control of cell growth. This review demonstrates that lifestyle is considered as a fundamental factor that modifies circadian rhythm, and the development of dysfunctions and diseases could be regulated by an underlying expression network with multiple circadian-associated signals.
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