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McLaughlin MT, Sun MR, Beames TG, Steward AC, Theisen JWM, Chung HM, Everson JL, Moskowitz IP, Sheets MD, Lipinski RJ. Frem1 activity is regulated by Sonic hedgehog signaling in the cranial neural crest mesenchyme during midfacial morphogenesis. Dev Dyn 2023; 252:483-494. [PMID: 36495293 PMCID: PMC10066825 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frem1 has been linked to human face shape variation, dysmorphology, and malformation, but little is known about its regulation and biological role in facial development. RESULTS During midfacial morphogenesis in mice, we observed Frem1 expression in the embryonic growth centers that form the median upper lip, nose, and palate. Expansive spatial gradients of Frem1 expression in the cranial neural crest cell (cNCC) mesenchyme of these tissues suggested transcriptional regulation by a secreted morphogen. Accordingly, Frem1 expression paralleled that of the conserved Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) target gene Gli1 in the cNCC mesenchyme. Suggesting direct transcriptional regulation by Shh signaling, we found that Frem1 expression is induced by SHH ligand stimulation or downstream pathway activation in cNCCs and observed GLI transcription factor binding at the Frem1 transcriptional start site during midfacial morphogenesis. Finally, we found that FREM1 is sufficient to induce cNCC proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner and that Shh pathway antagonism reduces Frem1 expression during pathogenesis of midfacial hypoplasia. CONCLUSIONS By demonstrating that the Shh signaling pathway regulates Frem1 expression in cNCCs, these findings provide novel insight into the mechanisms underlying variation in midfacial morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T. McLaughlin
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Miranda R. Sun
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Tyler G. Beames
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Austin C. Steward
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Joshua W. M. Theisen
- Department of Pediatrics, Pathology, Human Genetics and Genetic Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Hannah M. Chung
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Joshua L. Everson
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Ivan P. Moskowitz
- Department of Pediatrics, Pathology, Human Genetics and Genetic Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Michael D. Sheets
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Robert J. Lipinski
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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Wilson CL, Hung CF, Burkel BM, Ponik SM, Gharib SA, Schnapp LM. Nephronectin is required to maintain right lung lobar separation during embryonic development. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2023; 324:L335-L344. [PMID: 36719987 PMCID: PMC10027138 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00505.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Nephronectin (NPNT) is a basement membrane (BM) protein and high-affinity ligand of integrin α8β1 that is required for kidney morphogenesis in mice. In the lung, NPNT also localizes to BMs, but its potential role in pulmonary development has not been investigated. Mice with a floxed Npnt allele were used to generate global knockouts (KOs). Staged embryos were obtained by timed matings of heterozygotes and lungs were isolated for analysis. Although primary and secondary lung bud formation was normal in KO embryos, fusion of right lung lobes, primarily the medial and caudal, was first detected at E13.5 and persisted into adulthood. The lung parenchyma of KO mice was indistinguishable from wild-type (WT) and lobe fusion did not alter respiratory mechanics in adult KO mice. Interrogation of an existing single-cell RNA-seq atlas of embryonic and adult mouse lungs identified Npnt transcripts in mesothelial cells at E12.5 and into the early postnatal period, but not in adult lungs. KO embryonic lungs exhibited increased expression of laminin α5 and deposition of collagen IV in the mesothelial BM, accompanied by abnormalities in collagen fibrils in the adjacent stroma. Cranial and accessory lobes extracted from KO embryonic lungs fused ex vivo when cultured in juxtaposition, with the area of fusion showing loss of the mesothelial marker Wilms tumor 1. Because a similar pattern of lobe fusion was previously observed in integrin α8 KO embryos, our results suggest that NPNT signaling through integrin α8, likely in the visceral pleura, maintains right lung lobe separation during embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole L Wilson
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Chi F Hung
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Brian M Burkel
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Suzanne M Ponik
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Sina A Gharib
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Lynn M Schnapp
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
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3
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Friedmacher F, Rolle U, Puri P. Genetically Modified Mouse Models of Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia: Opportunities and Limitations for Studying Altered Lung Development. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:867307. [PMID: 35633948 PMCID: PMC9136148 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.867307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a relatively common and life-threatening birth defect, characterized by an abnormal opening in the primordial diaphragm that interferes with normal lung development. As a result, CDH is accompanied by immature and hypoplastic lungs, being the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with this condition. In recent decades, various animal models have contributed novel insights into the pathogenic mechanisms underlying CDH and associated pulmonary hypoplasia. In particular, the generation of genetically modified mouse models, which show both diaphragm and lung abnormalities, has resulted in the discovery of multiple genes and signaling pathways involved in the pathogenesis of CDH. This article aims to offer an up-to-date overview on CDH-implicated transcription factors, molecules regulating cell migration and signal transduction as well as components contributing to the formation of extracellular matrix, whilst also discussing the significance of these genetic models for studying altered lung development with regard to the human situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Friedmacher
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Udo Rolle
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Prem Puri
- Beacon Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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4
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Harding P, Cunha DL, Moosajee M. Animal and cellular models of microphthalmia. THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES IN RARE DISEASE 2021; 2:2633004021997447. [PMID: 37181112 PMCID: PMC10032472 DOI: 10.1177/2633004021997447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Microphthalmia is a rare developmental eye disorder affecting 1 in 7000 births. It is defined as a small (axial length ⩾2 standard deviations below the age-adjusted mean) underdeveloped eye, caused by disruption of ocular development through genetic or environmental factors in the first trimester of pregnancy. Clinical phenotypic heterogeneity exists amongst patients with varying levels of severity, and associated ocular and systemic features. Up to 11% of blind children are reported to have microphthalmia, yet currently no treatments are available. By identifying the aetiology of microphthalmia and understanding how the mechanisms of eye development are disrupted, we can gain a better understanding of the pathogenesis. Animal models, mainly mouse, zebrafish and Xenopus, have provided extensive information on the genetic regulation of oculogenesis, and how perturbation of these pathways leads to microphthalmia. However, differences exist between species, hence cellular models, such as patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) optic vesicles, are now being used to provide greater insights into the human disease process. Progress in 3D cellular modelling techniques has enhanced the ability of researchers to study interactions of different cell types during eye development. Through improved molecular knowledge of microphthalmia, preventative or postnatal therapies may be developed, together with establishing genotype-phenotype correlations in order to provide patients with the appropriate prognosis, multidisciplinary care and informed genetic counselling. This review summarises some key discoveries from animal and cellular models of microphthalmia and discusses how innovative new models can be used to further our understanding in the future. Plain language summary Animal and Cellular Models of the Eye Disorder, Microphthalmia (Small Eye) Microphthalmia, meaning a small, underdeveloped eye, is a rare disorder that children are born with. Genetic changes or variations in the environment during the first 3 months of pregnancy can disrupt early development of the eye, resulting in microphthalmia. Up to 11% of blind children have microphthalmia, yet currently no treatments are available. By understanding the genes necessary for eye development, we can determine how disruption by genetic changes or environmental factors can cause this condition. This helps us understand why microphthalmia occurs, and ensure patients are provided with the appropriate clinical care and genetic counselling advice. Additionally, by understanding the causes of microphthalmia, researchers can develop treatments to prevent or reduce the severity of this condition. Animal models, particularly mice, zebrafish and frogs, which can also develop small eyes due to the same genetic/environmental changes, have helped us understand the genes which are important for eye development and can cause birth eye defects when disrupted. Studying a patient's own cells grown in the laboratory can further help researchers understand how changes in genes affect their function. Both animal and cellular models can be used to develop and test new drugs, which could provide treatment options for patients living with microphthalmia. This review summarises the key discoveries from animal and cellular models of microphthalmia and discusses how innovative new models can be used to further our understanding in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mariya Moosajee
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath
Street, London, EC1V 9EL, UK
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust,
London, UK
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS
Foundation Trust, London, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
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5
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Xu XY, Guo WJ, Pan SH, Zhang Y, Gao FL, Wang JT, Zhang S, Li HY, Wang R, Zhang X. TILRR (FREM1 isoform 2) is a prognostic biomarker correlated with immune infiltration in breast cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:19335-19351. [PMID: 33031059 PMCID: PMC7732299 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In atherosclerosis, upregulated TILRR (FREM1 isoform 2) expression increases immune cell infiltration. We hypothesized that TILRR expression is also correlated with cancer progression. By analyzing data from Oncomine and the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource, we found that TILRR mRNA expression was significantly lower in breast cancer tissue than adjacent normal tissue. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and immunohistochemical staining revealed shortened overall survival and disease-free survival in patients with low TILRR expression. TILRR transcript expression was positively correlated with immune score, immune cell biomarkers and the expression of CXCL10 and CXCL11. TILRR expression was also positively correlated with CD8+ and CD4+ T-cell infiltration. These correlations were verified using the ESTIMATE algorithm, gene set enrichment analysis and Q-PCR. We concluded that impaired TILRR expression is correlated with breast cancer prognosis and immune cell infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yi Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen-Jing Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shi-Hua Pan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, Guangdong, China
| | - Feng-Lin Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiang-Tao Wang
- Department of Pathology, First People Hospital, Changde 415003, Hunan, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, Guangdong, China
| | - He-Ying Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ren Wang
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, Guangdong, China,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 510530, Guangdong, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, Guangdong, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, Guangdong, Guangdong, China
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6
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Nakamura H, Doi T, Puri P, Friedmacher F. Transgenic animal models of congenital diaphragmatic hernia: a comprehensive overview of candidate genes and signaling pathways. Pediatr Surg Int 2020; 36:991-997. [PMID: 32591848 PMCID: PMC7385019 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-020-04705-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a relatively common and life-threatening birth defect, characterized by incomplete formation of the diaphragm. Because CDH herniation occurs at the same time as preacinar airway branching, normal lung development becomes severely disrupted, resulting almost invariably in pulmonary hypoplasia. Despite various research efforts over the past decades, the pathogenesis of CDH and associated lung hypoplasia remains poorly understood. With the advent of molecular techniques, transgenic animal models of CDH have generated a large number of candidate genes, thus providing a novel basis for future research and treatment. This review article offers a comprehensive overview of genes and signaling pathways implicated in CDH etiology, whilst also discussing strengths and limitations of transgenic animal models in relation to the human condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Nakamura
- National Children’s Research Centre, Our Lady’s Children’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland ,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Doi
- National Children’s Research Centre, Our Lady’s Children’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland ,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Prem Puri
- National Children’s Research Centre, Our Lady’s Children’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland ,Beacon Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Florian Friedmacher
- National Children’s Research Centre, Our Lady’s Children’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland ,Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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7
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Familial tetrasomy 4q35.2 associated with congenital diaphragmatic hernia and unilateral renal agenesis: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2016; 10:76. [PMID: 27036947 PMCID: PMC4818464 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-016-0855-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous reports of chromosomal aberrations in different forms of congenital diaphragmatic hernia have been described as comprising aneuploidies (for example, trisomy 21), microdeletions, and duplications (for example, monosomy 15q24, 22q11.2). Case presentation We describe the first association of a de novo partial tetrasomy 4q35.2 in a father with left-sided, isolated renal agenesis and left-sided, isolated congenital diaphragmatic hernia in his son, who inherited the chromosomal aberration from his father. Conclusions Given that the aberration occurred de novo in the father and was transmitted to his son, with both presenting with unilateral left-sided developmental field defects, we suggest a gene dosage effect of the tetrasomic region to be involved in the phenotype of our two patients. Furthermore, we suggest performing a genetic workup in multiplex families with congenital malformations.
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8
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Takahashi T, Friedmacher F, Zimmer J, Puri P. Mesenchymal expression of the FRAS1/FREM2 gene unit is decreased in the developing fetal diaphragm of nitrofen-induced congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Pediatr Surg Int 2016; 32:135-40. [PMID: 26519041 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-015-3824-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Developmental mutations that inhibit normal formation of extracellular matrix (ECM) in fetal diaphragms have been identified in congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). FRAS1 and FRAS1-related extracellular matrix 2 (FREM2), which encode important ECM proteins, are secreted by mesenchymal cells during diaphragmatic development. The FRAS1/FREM2 gene unit has been shown to form a ternary complex with FREM1, which plays a crucial role during formation of human and rodent diaphragms. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that the diaphragmatic expression of FREM1 is decreased in the nitrofen-induced CDH model. We hypothesized that FRAS1 and FREM2 expression is decreased in the developing diaphragms of fetal rats with nitrofen-induced CDH. METHODS Pregnant rats were exposed to either nitrofen or vehicle on gestational day 9 (D9), and fetuses were harvested on D13, D15 and D18. Microdissected diaphragms were divided into nitrofen-exposed/CDH and control samples (n = 12 per time-point and experimental group, respectively). Diaphragmatic gene expression levels of FRAS1 and FREM2 were analyzed by qRT-PCR. Immunofluorescence double staining for FRAS1 and FREM2 was combined with the mesenchymal marker GATA4 in order to evaluate protein expression and localization in pleuroperitoneal folds (PPFs) and fetal diaphragmatic tissue. RESULTS Relative mRNA expression of FRAS1 and FREM2 were significantly reduced in PPFs of nitrofen-exposed fetuses on D13 (1.76 ± 0.86 vs. 3.09 ± 1.15; p < 0.05 and 0.47 ± 0.26 vs. 0.82 ± 0.36; p < 0.05), developing diaphragms of nitrofen-exposed fetuses on D15 (1.45 ± 0.80 vs. 2.63 ± 0.84; p < 0.05 and 0.41 ± 0.16 vs. 1.02 ± 0.49; p < 0.05) and fully muscularized diaphragms of CDH fetuses on D18 (1.35 ± 0.75 vs. 2.32 ± 0.92; p < 0.05 and 0.37 ± 0.24 vs. 0.70 ± 0.32; p < 0.05) compared to controls. Confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed markedly diminished FRAS1 and FREM2 immunofluorescence in diaphragmatic mesenchyme, which was associated with reduced proliferation of mesenchymal cells in nitrofen-exposed PPFs and fetal CDH diaphragms on D13, D15 and D18 compared to controls. CONCLUSION Decreased mesenchymal expression of FRAS1 and FREM2 in the nitrofen-induced CDH model may cause failure of the FRAS1/FREM2 gene unit to activate FREM1 signaling, disturbing the formation of diaphragmatic ECM and thus contributing to the development of diaphragmatic defects in CDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Takahashi
- National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland
| | - Florian Friedmacher
- National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland
| | - Julia Zimmer
- National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland
| | - Prem Puri
- National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland.
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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9
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Schiller HB, Fernandez IE, Burgstaller G, Schaab C, Scheltema RA, Schwarzmayr T, Strom TM, Eickelberg O, Mann M. Time- and compartment-resolved proteome profiling of the extracellular niche in lung injury and repair. Mol Syst Biol 2015; 11:819. [PMID: 26174933 PMCID: PMC4547847 DOI: 10.15252/msb.20156123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a key regulator of tissue morphogenesis and repair. However, its composition and architecture are not well characterized. Here, we monitor remodeling of the extracellular niche in tissue repair in the bleomycin-induced lung injury mouse model. Mass spectrometry quantified 8,366 proteins from total tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) over the course of 8 weeks, surveying tissue composition from the onset of inflammation and fibrosis to its full recovery. Combined analysis of proteome, secretome, and transcriptome highlighted post-transcriptional events during tissue fibrogenesis and defined the composition of airway epithelial lining fluid. To comprehensively characterize the ECM, we developed a quantitative detergent solubility profiling (QDSP) method, which identified Emilin-2 and collagen-XXVIII as novel constituents of the provisional repair matrix. QDSP revealed which secreted proteins interact with the ECM, and showed drastically altered association of morphogens to the insoluble matrix upon injury. Thus, our proteomic systems biology study assigns proteins to tissue compartments and uncovers their dynamic regulation upon lung injury and repair, potentially contributing to the development of anti-fibrotic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert B Schiller
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Isis E Fernandez
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, University Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Gerald Burgstaller
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, University Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Schaab
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Richard A Scheltema
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Thomas Schwarzmayr
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tim M Strom
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Oliver Eickelberg
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, University Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Mann
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
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10
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Beck TF, Campeau PM, Jhangiani SN, Gambin T, Li AH, Abo-Zahrah R, Jordan VK, Hernandez-Garcia A, Wiszniewski WK, Muzny D, Gibbs RA, Boerwinkle E, Lupski JR, Lee B, Reardon W, Scott DA. FBN1 contributing to familial congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Am J Med Genet A 2015; 167A:831-6. [PMID: 25736269 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a relatively common, life--threatening birth defect. We present a family with recurrent CDH--paraesophageal and central--for whom exome sequencing (ES) revealed a frameshift mutation (c.4969_4970insA, p.Ile1657Asnfs*30) in the fibrillin 1 gene (FBN1) that causes Marfan syndrome. A diagnosis of Marfan syndrome had not been considered previously in this family. However, a review of the literature demonstrated that FBN1 mutations have an unusual pattern of CDH in which paraesophageal hernias are particularly common. Subsequent clinical evaluations revealed evidence for ectopia lentis in affected family members supporting a clinical diagnosis of Marfan syndrome. Since only two other cases of familial CDH have been described in association with FBN1 mutations, we investigated an oligogenic hypothesis by examining ES data for deleterious sequence changes in other CDH-related genes. This search revealed putatively deleterious sequence changes in four other genes that have been shown to cause diaphragm defects in humans and/or mice--FREM1, DES, PAX3 and MET. It is unclear whether these changes, alone or in aggregate, are contributing to the development of CDH in this family. However, their individual contribution is likely to be small compared to that of the frameshift mutation in FBN1. We conclude that ES can be used to identify both major and minor genetic factors that may contribute to CDH. These results also suggest that ES should be considered in the diagnostic evaluation of individuals and families with CDH, particularly when other diagnostic modalities have failed to reveal a molecular etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler F Beck
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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Barthold JS, Robbins A, Wang Y, Pugarelli J, Mateson A, Anand-Ivell R, Ivell R, McCahan SM, Akins RE. Cryptorchidism in the orl rat is associated with muscle patterning defects in the fetal gubernaculum and altered hormonal signaling. Biol Reprod 2014; 91:41. [PMID: 24966393 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.114.119560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryptorchidism, or undescended testis, is a common male genital anomaly of unclear etiology. Hormonal stimulation of the developing fetal gubernaculum by testicular androgens and insulin-like 3 (INSL3) is required for testicular descent. In studies of the orl fetal rat, one of several reported strains with inherited cryptorchidism, we studied hormone levels, gene expression in intact and hormone-stimulated gubernaculum, and imaging of the developing cremaster muscle facilitated by a tissue clearing protocol to further characterize development of the orl gubernaculum. Abnormal localization of the inverted gubernaculum was visible soon after birth. In the orl fetus, testicular testosterone, gubernacular androgen-responsive transcript levels, and muscle-specific gene expression were reduced. However, the in vitro transcriptional response of the orl gubernaculum to androgen was largely comparable to wild type (wt). In contrast, increases in serum INSL3, gubernacular INSL3-responsive transcript levels, expression of the INSL3 receptor, Rxfp2, and the response of the orl gubernaculum to INSL3 in vitro all suggest enhanced activation of INSL3/RXFP2 signaling in the orl rat. However, DNA sequence analysis did not identify functional variants in orl Insl3. Finally, combined analysis of the present and previous studies of the orl transcriptome confirmed altered expression of muscle and cellular motility genes, and whole mount imaging revealed aberrant muscle pattern formation in the orl fetal gubernaculum. The nature and prevalence of developmental muscle defects in the orl gubernaculum are consistent with the cryptorchid phenotype in this strain. These data suggest impaired androgen and enhanced INSL3 signaling in the orl fetus accompanied by defective cremaster muscle development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia S Barthold
- Nemours Biomedical Research/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware
| | - Alan Robbins
- Nemours Biomedical Research/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware
| | - Yanping Wang
- Nemours Biomedical Research/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware
| | - Joan Pugarelli
- Nemours Biomedical Research/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware
| | - Abigail Mateson
- Nemours Biomedical Research/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware
| | - Ravinder Anand-Ivell
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Ivell
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Suzanne M McCahan
- Nemours Biomedical Research/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware
| | - Robert E Akins
- Nemours Biomedical Research/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware
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Slavotinek AM. The genetics of common disorders - congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Eur J Med Genet 2014; 57:418-23. [PMID: 24793812 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2014.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a common birth defect with a high mortality and morbidity. Although numerous chromosomal aberrations and gene mutations have been associated with CDH, the etiology of the diaphragmatic defect is identified in less than 50% of patients. This review discusses the some of the more frequent, recurrent karyotypic abnormalities in which CDH is a feature, including 15q26, 8p23.1 and 4p16.3 deletions and tetrasomy 12p (Pallister-Killian syndrome), together with some of the syndromes in which CDH is a relatively common feature, including Fryns syndrome, Matthew-Wood syndrome, overgrowth syndromes and Donnai-Barrow syndrome. In the era of genomic technologies, our knowledge of the genes and chromosome regions involved in pathogenesis of CDH is likely to advance significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Slavotinek
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics, University of California, MSC 2711, Rock Hall Room RH384D, 1550 4th St, San Francisco, CA 94143-2711, USA.
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