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Szafoni S, Gręblowski P, Grabowska K, Więckiewicz G. Unlocking the healing power of psilocybin: an overview of the role of psilocybin therapy in major depressive disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder and substance use disorder. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1406888. [PMID: 38919636 PMCID: PMC11196758 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1406888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Resistance to traditional treatment methods is still a major obstacle in modern psychiatry. As a result, several studies are currently being conducted to find effective alternatives to traditional therapies. One of these alternatives is psilocybin, a psychedelic substance that has been tested in clinical trials as an adjunct to psychotherapy. These studies focus on patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and substance use disorder (SUD), particularly alcohol and nicotine dependence. This article looks at the current understanding of psilocybin, including data from clinical trials conducted, psilocybin's mechanism of action, its safety and the level of risk associated with it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Szafoni
- Students’ Scientific Circle in Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Piotr Gręblowski
- Students’ Scientific Circle in Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Klaudia Grabowska
- Students’ Scientific Circle in Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Gniewko Więckiewicz
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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Maurage P, Creupelandt C, Bollen Z, Pabst A, Fontesse S, Laniepce A, Douilliez C. Greater self-oriented and socially prescribed perfectionism in severe alcohol use disorder. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2022; 46:1340-1347. [PMID: 35913501 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perfectionistic individuals present exaggerated performance standards, generating a constant search for flawlessness and a high tendency to self-criticize. Dominant models distinguish three dimensions of perfectionism: namely, self-oriented, socially prescribed and other-oriented. Perfectionism constitutes a vulnerability factor for psychopathological disorders, but its role in severe alcohol use disorder (SAUD) remains unexplored. METHODS Sixty-five recently detoxified patients with SAUD and 65 matched controls completed a perfectionism questionnaire (the Hewitt Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale), together with measures of psychopathology. RESULTS SAUD was associated with greater self-oriented and socially prescribed perfectionism, with no group differences on other-oriented perfectionism. This differential pattern persisted when controlling for depression and anxiety levels, and there was no correlation with alcohol consumption. CONCLUSION This specific perfectionistic profile is consistent with those of previous studies showing lower self-evaluation (e.g., higher self-blame and reduced self-esteem) and impaired social cognition (e.g., unrealistic social standards and greater social isolation) in SAUD. In view of its potential role in the development and maintenance of SAUD, perfectionism may constitute a valuable treatment target in patients with this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Maurage
- Louvain Experimental Psychopathology research group (LEP), Psychological Science Research Institute, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Coralie Creupelandt
- Louvain Experimental Psychopathology research group (LEP), Psychological Science Research Institute, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.,Univ. Lille, Lille, France
| | - Zoé Bollen
- Louvain Experimental Psychopathology research group (LEP), Psychological Science Research Institute, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Arthur Pabst
- Louvain Experimental Psychopathology research group (LEP), Psychological Science Research Institute, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Sullivan Fontesse
- Louvain Experimental Psychopathology research group (LEP), Psychological Science Research Institute, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.,Univ. Lille, Lille, France
| | - Alice Laniepce
- Louvain Experimental Psychopathology research group (LEP), Psychological Science Research Institute, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.,Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, CRFDP (EA 7475), Rouen, France
| | - Céline Douilliez
- Louvain Experimental Psychopathology research group (LEP), Psychological Science Research Institute, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Wong QJJ, Heeren A. Understanding the Dynamic Interaction of Maladaptive Social-Evaluative Beliefs and Social Anxiety: A Latent Change Score Model Approach. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10608-021-10219-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Maurage P, Pabst A, Lannoy S, D'Hondt F, de Timary P, Gaudelus B, Peyroux E. Tackling heterogeneity: Individual variability of emotion decoding deficits in severe alcohol use disorder. J Affect Disord 2021; 279:299-307. [PMID: 33096328 PMCID: PMC7738413 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe alcohol use disorder (SAUD) is associated with social cognition deficits. Patients with SAUD are impaired for the recognition of emotional facial expressions, particularly at early stages of abstinence. These deficits damage interpersonal relations and increase relapse risk. However, uncertainties still abound on their variation across emotions and on the heterogeneity of emotional impairments across patients. We addressed these questions by exploring how the deficit varies according to emotions' type/intensity and patients' heterogeneity. METHODS Sixty-five recently detoxified patients with SAUD and 65 matched healthy controls performed the Facial Emotion Recognition Test, assessing the ability to identify six emotions (anger, contempt, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness) displayed by morphed faces with various intensities. Accuracy scores and detection thresholds were collected for each emotion. Beyond group comparisons, multiple single-case analyses determined the percentage of patients presenting decoding deficits for each emotion. RESULTS When current depression and anxiety symptoms were controlled for, patients did not present a general emotion decoding deficit, but were rather characterized by specific deficits for disgust/contempt in accuracy, and for disgust in detection threshold scores. Single-case analyses showed that only a third of patients presented a clinically significant emotional deficit. CONCLUSIONS Patients with SAUD only present emotional decoding deficits for specific interpersonal emotions (disgust/contempt) when subclinical psychopathological states are controlled for, and show no general emotional impairment. This goes against the proposal of a generalized social cognition deficit in this population. This group effect moreover masks a massive heterogeneity across patients, which has implications at experimental and clinical levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Maurage
- Louvain Experimental Psychopathology research group (LEP), Psychological Sciences Research Institute, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Arthur Pabst
- Louvain Experimental Psychopathology research group (LEP), Psychological Sciences Research Institute, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Séverine Lannoy
- Louvain Experimental Psychopathology research group (LEP), Psychological Sciences Research Institute, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; Stanford University, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Fabien D'Hondt
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 - LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France; CHU Lille, Clinique de Psychiatrie, CURE, Lille, France; Centre National de Ressources et de Résilience Lille-Paris (CN2R), Lille, France
| | - Philippe de Timary
- Louvain Experimental Psychopathology research group (LEP), Psychological Sciences Research Institute, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; Department of Adult Psychiatry, Saint-Luc Academic Hospital & Institute of Neuroscience, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Baptiste Gaudelus
- Centre de Neurosciences Cognitives, UMR 5229, CNRS, Bron, France; Service Universitaire de Réhabilitation, SUR-CL3R, Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Lyon, France
| | - Elodie Peyroux
- Centre de Neurosciences Cognitives, UMR 5229, CNRS, Bron, France; Service Universitaire de Réhabilitation, SUR-CL3R, Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Lyon, France
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Heeren A, Bernstein EE, McNally RJ. Bridging maladaptive social self-beliefs and social anxiety: a network perspective. J Anxiety Disord 2020; 74:102267. [PMID: 32599433 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The Clark and Wells (1995) model of social anxiety disorder postulates that three types of maladaptive social self-beliefs (high standard, conditional, and unconditional beliefs) play a crucial role in the development of fear and avoidance of social-evaluative situations-i.e., the hallmark symptoms of social anxiety disorder. In this project, we examined associations between the three types of maladaptive social self-beliefs and fear and avoidance of social-evaluative situations in a nonclinical community sample (n = 389). We used network analysis to estimate functional relations among aspects of maladaptive self-beliefs, fear, and avoidance and computed two different network models, a graphical Gaussian model (GGM) and a directed acyclic graph (DAG). Each model estimates edges and the importance of nodes in different ways. Both GGM and DAG pointed to fear and conditional beliefs as especially potent bridges between maladaptive social self-beliefs and social anxiety in our nonclinical sample. Altogether, these results offer data-driven heuristics in the field's larger, ongoing effort to illuminate pathways at play in the development of social anxiety. We situate this study within novel network approaches for developing theory-driven models and tests of the instigation and interactions of maladaptive social self-beliefs and social anxiety. However, because this is the first study to combine GGM and DAG in social anxiety research, we also discussed the caveats to this approach to help to usher the field forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Heeren
- Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Emily E Bernstein
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Richard J McNally
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
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Luca M. Maladaptive Rumination as a Transdiagnostic Mediator of Vulnerability and Outcome in Psychopathology. J Clin Med 2019; 8:314. [PMID: 30841644 PMCID: PMC6463018 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8030314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maladaptive rumination is a form of negative repetitive thinking which has attracted the interest of researchers, as it is considered a cognitive vulnerability to depression. Some of the original beliefs regarding rumination, in particular its exclusive link with depression, have been questioned in the light of research findings. At present, the very concept of rumination is still unclear, so research has been investigating this topic from different, and somewhat inconsistent, perspectives. METHODS A literature review was performed in order to outline some core characteristics of rumination, explain its determinants, and discuss its possible role as a transdiagnostic mediator of vulnerability and outcome in psychopathology. RESULTS Maladaptive rumination could be interpreted as a dysfunctional coping strategy strictly linked to emotion regulation and metacognition that may occur in several psychopathological conditions, such as psychosis, eating disorders, and alcohol dependence. CONCLUSION Evidence allows the interpretation of maladaptive rumination as a transdiagnostic mediator of vulnerability and outcome in psychopathology. Therefore, investigating it from a dimensional perspective may represent a valid research strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luca
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95125 Catania, Italy.
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Grynberg D, de Timary P, Van Heuverswijn A, Maurage P. Prone to feel guilty: Self-evaluative emotions in alcohol-dependence. Drug Alcohol Depend 2017; 179:78-82. [PMID: 28756103 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior research has repeatedly shown that alcohol-dependence is associated with interpersonal difficulties. However, guilt and shame, two crucial self-evaluative emotions triggered by the transgression of social norms, have not been explored among alcohol-dependent individuals despite their important role in psychiatric disorders. The present study thus aimed to investigate whether alcohol-dependence is associated with greater proneness to negatively evaluate one's own behaviors (guilt) or the entire self (shame). METHODS 25 alcohol-dependent individuals (ADI) and 25 matched healthy individuals completed a scenario-based inventory (TOSCA-3), requiring from participants to rate the extent they will react to each scenario in terms of (contextualized) guilt and shame. Participants also completed a list of adjectives related to the frequency at which they generally experience (uncontextualized) guilt and shame (PFQ-2). RESULTS When controlling for possible confounds (i.e., depression and anxiety), ADI reported greater proneness to experience guilt at the TOSCA-3 (η2=.22) compared to healthy individuals. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to show that alcohol-dependence is associated with greater contextualized guilt-proneness, i.e., negative evaluation of one's own behaviors that transgress social norms. Therefore, these results reinforce the relevance of social disorders in alcohol-dependence and indicate that ADI may benefit of therapeutic programs to avoid a generalization of guilt towards shame.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Grynberg
- Univ. Lille, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, F-59000, Lille, France.
| | - Philippe de Timary
- Laboratory for Experimental Psychopathology, Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, 10 Place C. Mercier, B-1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; Department of Adult Psychiatry, Saint-Luc Academic Hospital, 10 Avenue Hippocrate, B-1200, Brussels, Belgium; Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, 10 Avenue Hippocrate, B-1200, Belgium.
| | - Aude Van Heuverswijn
- Laboratory for Experimental Psychopathology, Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, 10 Place C. Mercier, B-1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Pierre Maurage
- Laboratory for Experimental Psychopathology, Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, 10 Place C. Mercier, B-1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, 10 Avenue Hippocrate, B-1200, Belgium.
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8
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Heterogeneity of emotional and interpersonal difficulties in alcohol-dependence: A cluster analytic approach. J Affect Disord 2017; 217:163-173. [PMID: 28411505 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emotional and interpersonal impairments have been largely reported in alcohol-dependence, and their role in its development and maintenance is widely established. However, earlier studies have exclusively focused on group comparisons between healthy controls and alcohol-dependent individuals, considering them as a homogeneous population. The variability of socio-emotional profiles in this disorder thus remains totally unexplored. The present study used a cluster analytic approach to explore the heterogeneity of affective and social disorders in alcohol-dependent individuals. METHODS 296 recently-detoxified alcohol-dependent patients were first compared with 246 matched healthy controls regarding self-reported emotional (i.e. alexithymia) and social (i.e. interpersonal problems) difficulties. Then, a cluster analysis was performed, focusing on the alcohol-dependent sample, to explore the presence of differential patterns of socio-emotional deficits and their links with demographic, psychopathological and alcohol-related variables. RESULTS The group comparison between alcohol-dependent individuals and controls clearly confirmed that emotional and interpersonal difficulties constitute a key factor in alcohol-dependence. However, the cluster analysis identified five subgroups of alcohol-dependent individuals, presenting distinct combinations of alexithymia and interpersonal problems ranging from a total absence of reported impairment to generalized socio-emotional difficulties. CONCLUSIONS Alcohol-dependent individuals should no more be considered as constituting a unitary group regarding their affective and interpersonal difficulties, but rather as a population encompassing a wide variety of socio-emotional profiles. Future experimental studies on emotional and social variables should thus go beyond mere group comparisons to explore this heterogeneity, and prevention programs proposing an individualized evaluation and rehabilitation of these deficits should be promoted.
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Grynberg D, Maurage P, Nandrino JL. Preserved Affective Sharing But Impaired Decoding of Contextual Complex Emotions in Alcohol Dependence. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2017; 41:779-785. [PMID: 28092119 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior research has repeatedly shown that alcohol dependence is associated with a large range of impairments in psychological processes, which could lead to interpersonal deficits. Specifically, it has been suggested that these interpersonal difficulties are underpinned by reduced recognition and sharing of others' emotional states. However, this pattern of deficits remains to be clarified. This study thus aimed to investigate whether alcohol dependence is associated with impaired abilities in decoding contextual complex emotions and with altered sharing of others' emotions. METHODS Forty-one alcohol-dependent individuals (ADI) and 37 matched healthy individuals completed the Multifaceted Empathy Test, in which they were instructed to identify complex emotional states expressed by individuals in contextual scenes and to state to what extent they shared them. RESULTS Compared to healthy individuals, ADI were impaired in identifying negative (Cohen's d = 0.75) and positive (Cohen's d = 0.46) emotional states but, conversely, presented preserved abilities in sharing others' emotional states. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that alcohol dependence is characterized by an impaired ability to decode complex emotional states (both positive and negative), despite the presence of complementary contextual cues, but by preserved emotion-sharing. Therefore, these results extend earlier data describing an impaired ability to decode noncontextualized emotions toward contextualized and ecologically valid emotional states. They also indicate that some essential emotional competences such as emotion-sharing are preserved in alcohol dependence, thereby offering potential therapeutic levers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Grynberg
- Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, CNRS, CHU Lille, UMR 9193, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Pierre Maurage
- Laboratory for Experimental Psychopathology, Psychological Science Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Jean-Louis Nandrino
- Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, CNRS, CHU Lille, UMR 9193, Université de Lille, Lille, France
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Maeda S, Shimada H, Sato T, Tashiro K, Tanaka Y. Translation and Initial Validation of the Japanese Version of the Self-Beliefs Related to Social Anxiety Scale. Psychol Rep 2017; 120:305-318. [PMID: 28558622 DOI: 10.1177/0033294116686037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive models of social anxiety posit that there are several types of maladaptive beliefs responsible for persistent social anxiety. Although these beliefs are theoretically important, currently there is no validated measure of these beliefs in Japan. In the present study, we translated into Japanese a well-validated measure of these beliefs, the Self-Beliefs Related to Social Anxiety (SBSA) Scale. The psychometric properties of the scale were also examined in two nonclinical samples ( ns = 401 and 30). Using confirmatory factor analysis, the Japanese version of the SBSA was found to have a correlated three-factor structure that consisted of "conditional beliefs," "unconditional beliefs," and "high standard beliefs." In addition, the Japanese version of the SBSA and its subscales demonstrated good internal consistency reliability and test-retest reliability. The Japanese version of the SBSA also demonstrated good convergent and divergent validity. Future applications of the Japanese version of the SBSA are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunta Maeda
- Graduate School of Human Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan; Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
| | - Hironori Shimada
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tomoya Sato
- Institute of Humanities, Social Sciences and Education, Niigata University, Japan
| | - Kyoko Tashiro
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yuki Tanaka
- Graduate School of Human Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan; Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
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Maurage P, D'Hondt F, de Timary P, Mary C, Franck N, Peyroux E. Dissociating Affective and Cognitive Theory of Mind in Recently Detoxified Alcohol-Dependent Individuals. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2016; 40:1926-34. [DOI: 10.1111/acer.13155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Maurage
- Laboratory for Experimental Psychopathology; Psychological Sciences Research Institute; Université catholique de Louvain; Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium
| | - Fabien D'Hondt
- Laboratory for Experimental Psychopathology; Psychological Sciences Research Institute; Université catholique de Louvain; Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium
| | - Philippe de Timary
- Laboratory for Experimental Psychopathology; Psychological Sciences Research Institute; Université catholique de Louvain; Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium
- Department of Psychiatry; Saint-Luc University Hospital; Brussels Belgium
| | - Charlotte Mary
- Laboratory for Experimental Psychopathology; Psychological Sciences Research Institute; Université catholique de Louvain; Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium
| | - Nicolas Franck
- Centre de Neurosciences Cognitives; UMR 5229; CNRS; Bron Cedex France
- Service Universitaire de Réhabilitation; Centre Référent Lyonnais en Réhabilitation et en Remédiation Cognitive (SUR-CL3R); Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier; Lyon France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Villeurbanne Cedex France
| | - Elodie Peyroux
- Centre de Neurosciences Cognitives; UMR 5229; CNRS; Bron Cedex France
- Service Universitaire de Réhabilitation; Centre Référent Lyonnais en Réhabilitation et en Remédiation Cognitive (SUR-CL3R); Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier; Lyon France
- GDR 3557; SHU-Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Anne; Paris France
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12
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Poncin M, Neumann A, Luminet O, Vande Weghe N, Philippot P, de Timary P. Disease recognition is related to specific autobiographical memory deficits in alcohol-dependence. Psychiatry Res 2015; 230:157-64. [PMID: 26365688 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The particularly high treatment gap in alcohol-dependence suggests the existence of important barriers to treatment decision and in particular difficulties in problem recognition. This study tested the relation between problem recognition and self-related memories. Forty-one recently detoxified alcohol-dependent individuals (AD) were compared to twenty alcoholic subjects that were abstinent for 6 months or more (recruited among alcoholics-anonymous (AA)), and to twenty controls on autobiographical memories elicited by pictures depicting or not alcohol using the autobiographical memory test. Autonoetic consciousness was measured with the Remember/Know paradigm. We tested whether memories performances were related with data obtained on the readiness to change questionnaire (RCQ) or with consciousness of the severity of drinking. AD subjects provided less specific memories than control and AA subjects, and fewer Remember responses than controls. The deficits in AD subjects were not specific for memories elicited by pictures depicting alcohol, suggesting a global deficit. Autobiographical memories specificity was negatively correlated to scores of consciousness of the severity of drinking but not to RCQ. Our results support potential recovery of autobiographical memory with abstinence. AD's deficits in autobiographical memory were related to capacities to recognize the severity and therefore may be a barrier to treatment decision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Poncin
- Laboratory for Experimental Psychopathology, Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Aurore Neumann
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Hôpital universitaire Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olivier Luminet
- Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; The Belgian Fund for Scientific Research (FRS-FNRS), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Noémie Vande Weghe
- Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; Department of Adult Psychiatry, Hôpital universitaire Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Philippot
- Laboratory for Experimental Psychopathology, Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Philippe de Timary
- Laboratory for Experimental Psychopathology, Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Adult Psychiatry, Hôpital universitaire Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium.
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13
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D'Hondt F, Campanella S, Kornreich C, Philippot P, Maurage P. Below and beyond the recognition of emotional facial expressions in alcohol dependence: from basic perception to social cognition. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2014; 10:2177-82. [PMID: 25429220 PMCID: PMC4242687 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s74963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies that have carried out experimental evaluation of emotional skills in alcohol-dependence have, up to now, been mainly focused on the exploration of emotional facial expressions (EFE) decoding. In the present paper, we provide some complements to the recent systematic literature review published by Donadon and de Lima Osório on this crucial topic. We also suggest research avenues that must be, in our opinion, considered in the coming years. More precisely, we propose, first, that a battery integrating a set of emotional tasks relating to different processes should be developed to better systemize EFE decoding measures in alcohol-dependence. Second, we propose to go below EFE recognition deficits and to seek for the roots of those alterations, particularly by investigating the putative role played by early visual processing and vision-emotion interactions in the emotional impairment observed in alcohol-dependence. Third, we insist on the need to go beyond EFE recognition deficits by suggesting that they only constitute a part of wider emotional deficits in alcohol-dependence. Importantly, since the efficient decoding of emotions is a crucial ability for the development and maintenance of satisfactory interpersonal relationships, we suggest that disruption of this ability in alcohol-dependent individuals may have adverse consequences for their social integration. One way to achieve this research agenda would be to develop the field of affective and social neuroscience of alcohol-dependence, which could ultimately lead to major advances at both theoretical and therapeutic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien D'Hondt
- Laboratory for Experimental Psychopathology, Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Salvatore Campanella
- Laboratory of Medical Psychology and Addictology, ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Charles Kornreich
- Laboratory of Medical Psychology and Addictology, ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Philippot
- Laboratory for Experimental Psychopathology, Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Pierre Maurage
- Laboratory for Experimental Psychopathology, Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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de Timary P, Cordovil de Sousa Uva M, Denoël C, Hebborn L, Derely M, Desseilles M, Luminet O. The associations between self-consciousness, depressive state and craving to drink among alcohol dependent patients undergoing protracted withdrawal. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71560. [PMID: 24013131 PMCID: PMC3754944 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Context In order to understand how certain personality traits influence the relation between depression symptoms and craving for alcohol, trait self-consciousness (trait SC) was examined during a withdrawal and detoxification program. Methods Craving (Obsessive and Compulsive Drinking Scale), depressive state (Beck Depression Inventory) and trait SC (Revised Self-Consciousness Scale) were assessed in alcohol-dependent inpatients (DSM-IV, N = 30) both at the beginning (T1: day 1 or 2) and at the end (T2: day 14 to18) of protracted withdrawal during rehabilitation. Results A significant decrease in craving and depressive symptoms was observed from T1 to T2, while SC scores remained stable. At both times, strong positive correlations were observed between craving and depression. Moreover, regression analyses indicated that trait SC significantly moderated the impact of depression on cravings for alcohol. Limitations This study was performed on a relatively small sample size. Administration of medications during detoxification treatment can also be a confounding factor. Finally, craving could have been evaluated through other types of measurements. Conclusions During protracted withdrawal, alcohol craving decreased with the same magnitude as depressive mood. Depressive symptoms were related to alcohol craving but only among patients with high trait SC scores. Our results suggest that metacognitive approaches targeting SC could decrease craving and, in turn, prevent future relapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe de Timary
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- The Belgian National Fund for Scientific Research (FRS-FNRS), Brussels, Belgium
- Unité d'Hépatologie Intégrée Department of Adult Psychiatry and Institute of Neuroscience, Academic Hospital Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| | - Mariana Cordovil de Sousa Uva
- Research Institute for Psychological Sciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Unité d'Hépatologie Intégrée Department of Adult Psychiatry and Institute of Neuroscience, Academic Hospital Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Catherine Denoël
- Research Institute for Psychological Sciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Ludger Hebborn
- Psychiatry Ward, Clinique Europe St Michel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marc Derely
- The Alcohol Dependence Unit, Clinique La Ramée, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Martin Desseilles
- The Belgian National Fund for Scientific Research (FRS-FNRS), Brussels, Belgium
- Depression Clinical and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Psychology, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Olivier Luminet
- Research Institute for Psychological Sciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- The Belgian National Fund for Scientific Research (FRS-FNRS), Brussels, Belgium
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Maurage P, Campanella S. Experimental and clinical usefulness of crossmodal paradigms in psychiatry: an illustration from emotional processing in alcohol-dependence. Front Hum Neurosci 2013; 7:394. [PMID: 23898250 PMCID: PMC3722513 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Crossmodal processing (i.e., the construction of a unified representation stemming from distinct sensorial modalities inputs) constitutes a crucial ability in humans' everyday life. It has been extensively explored at cognitive and cerebral levels during the last decade among healthy controls. Paradoxically however, and while difficulties to perform this integrative process have been suggested in a large range of psychopathological states (e.g., schizophrenia and autism), these crossmodal paradigms have been very rarely used in the exploration of psychiatric populations. The main aim of the present paper is thus to underline the experimental and clinical usefulness of exploring crossmodal processes in psychiatry. We will illustrate this proposal by means of the recent data obtained in the crossmodal exploration of emotional alterations in alcohol-dependence. Indeed, emotional decoding impairments might have a role in the development and maintenance of alcohol-dependence, and have been extensively investigated by means of experiments using separated visual or auditory stimulations. Besides these unimodal explorations, we have recently conducted several studies using audio-visual crossmodal paradigms, which has allowed us to improve the ecological validity of the unimodal experimental designs and to offer new insights on the emotional alterations among alcohol-dependent individuals. We will show how these preliminary results can be extended to develop a coherent and ambitious research program using crossmodal designs in various psychiatric populations and sensory modalities. We will finally end the paper by underlining the various potential clinical applications and the fundamental implications that can be raised by this emerging project.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Maurage
- Laboratory for Experimental Psychopathology, Faculty of Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Université Catholique de Louvain Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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