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Ye W, Hou K, Tao N, Li W, Tan Z, Huang Q, Yang D, Lin H, Deng Z, Xia Y, Yu G. Association between CD4 + T cells ATP levels and disease progression in patients with non‑small cell lung cancer. Oncol Lett 2024; 28:369. [PMID: 38933807 PMCID: PMC11200158 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2024.14502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Introducing the exploration of stimulated CD4+ cells adenosine triphosphate (sATPCD4) levels for immune monitoring post non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) chemotherapy, the present study aimed to investigate its efficacy in gauging the potential risk of disease progression (PD) in patients with NSCLC. Therefore, a total of 89 patients with advanced NSCLC, who underwent chemotherapy between August 15 2022 and August 30 2023 at the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou, China), were retrospectively studied. Patients were divided into the PD (n=21) and disease stability (non-PD; n=68) groups and their clinical data were compared. The thresholds for predicting PD were identified using receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was carried out to assess the association between peripheral blood markers and the incidence of PD. Therefore, post-chemotherapy, significant differences in white blood cell count, non-stimulated CD4+ cells ATP and sATPCD4 levels were obtained between patients in the PD and non-PD groups (P<0.05). In addition, sATPCD4 levels were notably decreased in the PD group compared with the non-PD group. Furthermore, ROC analysis revealed that the predictive threshold for PD was 224.5 ng/ml [area under the curve=0.887; 95% confidence interval, 0.811-0.963]. Additionally, patients with low immunity (ATP <224.5 ng/ml) exhibited a higher risk of PD compared with the high-immunity group (ATP >224.5 ng/ml; P<0.0001). Finally, multivariate logistic regression analysis suggested that sATPCD4 could serve as an independent factor for predicting NSCLC progression. Overall, the current study predicted that immune function could be possibly associated with the risk of PD in patients with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weipeng Ye
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Huangpu, Guangzhou 510700, P.R. China
| | - Kailian Hou
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Huangpu, Guangzhou 510700, P.R. China
| | - Na Tao
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Huangpu, Guangzhou 510700, P.R. China
| | - Weiyi Li
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Huangpu, Guangzhou 510700, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqiong Tan
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Huangpu, Guangzhou 510700, P.R. China
| | - Qunfeng Huang
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Huangpu, Guangzhou 510700, P.R. China
| | - Dongheng Yang
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Huangpu, Guangzhou 510700, P.R. China
| | - Haoxin Lin
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Huangpu, Guangzhou 510700, P.R. China
| | - Zihao Deng
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Huangpu, Guangzhou 510700, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Xia
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Huangpu, Guangzhou 510700, P.R. China
| | - Guifang Yu
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Huangpu, Guangzhou 510700, P.R. China
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Kong F, Yang H, Wang Q, Wei Z, Ye X. A prognostic model for predicting progression-free survival in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer after image-guided microwave ablation plus chemotherapy. Eur Radiol 2023; 33:7438-7449. [PMID: 37318606 PMCID: PMC10598089 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-023-09804-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to build and validate a prediction model that can predict progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after image-guided microwave ablation (MWA) plus chemotherapy. METHODS Data from a previous multi-center randomized controlled trial (RCT) was used and assigned to either the training data set or the external validation data set according to the location of the centers. Potential prognostic factors were identified by multivariable analysis in the training data set and used to construct a nomogram. After bootstraps internal and external validation, the predictive performance was evaluated by concordance index (C-index), Brier Score, and calibration curves. Risk group stratification was conducted using the score calculated by the nomogram. Then a simplified scoring system was built to make risk group stratification more convenient. RESULTS In total, 148 patients (training data set: n = 112; external validation data set: n = 36) were enrolled for analysis. Six potential predictors were identified and entered into the nomogram, including weight loss, histology, clinical TNM stage, clinical N category, tumor location, and tumor size. The C-indexes were 0.77 (95% CI, 0.65-0.88, internal validation) and 0.64 (95% CI, 0.43-0.85, external validation). The survival curves of different risk groups also displayed significant distinction (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS We found weight loss, histology, clinical TNM stage, clinical N category, tumor location, and tumor size were prognostic factors of progression after receiving MWA plus chemotherapy and constructed a prediction model that can predict PFS. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT The nomogram and scoring system will assist physicians to predict the individualized PFS of their patients and decide whether to perform or terminate MWA and chemotherapy according to the expected benefits. KEY POINTS • Build and validate a prognostic model using the data from a previous randomized controlled trial to predict progression-free survival after receiving MWA plus chemotherapy. • Weight loss, histology, clinical TNM stage, clinical N category, tumor location, and tumor size were prognostic factors. • The nomogram and scoring system published by the prediction model can be used to assist physicians to make clinical decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanhao Kong
- The First Clinical Department, China Medical University, 155 Nanjingbei Road, Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China.
| | - Honglan Yang
- Department of Oncology, Dongying People's Hospital, 317 Nanyi Road, Dongying, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qiaoxia Wang
- Department of Respiratory, Dongying People's Hospital, 317 Nanyi Road, Shandong Province, Dongying, China
| | - Zhigang Wei
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Lung Cancer Institute, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Xin Ye
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Lung Cancer Institute, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.
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Sari B, Gulbey O, Hamill KJ. Laminin 332 expression levels predict clinical outcomes and chemotherapy response in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1242706. [PMID: 37779898 PMCID: PMC10540629 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1242706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Poor outcomes and chemotherapy resistance for patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) are a challenge worldwide, and new or improved prognostic biomarkers are urgently required. Individual laminin family members have been established as cancer-associated markers, predicting patient outcomes in many cancer types, including PAAD. Here, we used multiple modalities including RNAseq and gene chip, and genomic and proteomic data to examine the relationships of all laminin genes in PAAD with clinical outcomes. These analyses identified that LAMA3, LAMB3, and LAMC2 expression levels are increased at the mRNA and protein levels in PAAD tumours with evidence of co-regulation. Increased expression of all three genes was associated with decreased promoter methylation status, TP53 mutations, and altered receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) pathways. Clinically, high LAMA3, LAMB3, and LAMC2 transcript abundance was each related to an advanced histological grade. Moreover, high expression of these genes individually predicted poor patient survival, while a signature of combined high expression of LAMA3, LAMB3, and LAMC2 was a stronger predictor of patient outcomes than each gene alone. Interestingly, cell lines with high expression of LM332 chains were not sensitive to the commonly used PAAD chemotherapy drugs paclitaxel and gemcitabine; however, increased sensitivity was evident for erlotinib, afatinib, gefitinib, and cetuximab epidermal growth factor (EGFR) RTK inhibitors. To explore possible mechanisms, we investigated co-expressed genes, identifying eight hub genes, namely, GJB3, ITGB6, SERPINB5, GPRC5A, PLEK2, TMPRSS4, P2RY2, and TRIM29, which are co-expressed with all three of LAMA3, LAMB3, and LAMC2. Of these, only SERPINB5 provided a stronger predictive value than the laminin-encoding genes. Together, these multiple integrated analyses suggest that the combined expression of LM332 is a useful prognostic biomarker for PAAD and could help patient stratification and therapeutic selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilge Sari
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Ozcan Gulbey
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin J. Hamill
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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4
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Djulbegovic B, Hozo I. Formulating Management Strategies Using Fast-and-Frugal Trees (A Decision Tool to Transform Clinical Practice Guidelines and Clinical Pathways into Decision Support at the Point of Care). Cancer Treat Res 2023; 189:67-75. [PMID: 37789161 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-37993-2_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Clinical management is rarely based on the collection of one data item. Instead, it is typically characterized by the continuous collection and evaluation of clinical data (symptoms, signs, laboratory, imaging tests, etc.) to establish a platform for further management decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Djulbegovic
- Hematology Stewardship Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Iztok Hozo
- Department of Mathematics, Indiana University Northwest, Gary, IN, USA
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Shan Y, Cheung L, Zhou Y, Huang Y, Huang RS. A systematic review on sex differences in adverse drug reactions related to psychotropic, cardiovascular, and analgesic medications. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1096366. [PMID: 37201021 PMCID: PMC10185891 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1096366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objective: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are the main safety concerns of clinically used medications. Accumulating evidence has shown that ADRs can affect men and women differently, which suggests sex as a biological predictor in the risk of ADRs. This review aims to summarize the current state of knowledge on sex differences in ADRs with the focus on the commonly used psychotropic, cardiovascular, and analgesic medications, and to aid clinical decision making and future mechanistic investigations on this topic. Methods: PubMed search was performed with combinations of the following terms: over 1,800 drugs of interests, sex difference (and its related terms), and side effects (and its related terms), which yielded over 400 unique articles. Articles related to psychotropic, cardiovascular, and analgesic medications were included in the subsequent full-text review. Characteristics and the main findings (male-biased, female-biased, or not sex biased ADRs) of each included article were collected, and the results were summarized by drug class and/or individual drug. Results: Twenty-six articles studying sex differences in ADRs of six psychotropic medications, ten cardiovascular medications, and one analgesic medication were included in this review. The main findings of these articles suggested that more than half of the ADRs being evaluated showed sex difference pattern in occurrence rate. For instance, lithium was found to cause more thyroid dysfunction in women, and amisulpride induced prolactin increase was more pronounced in women than in men. Some serious ADRs were also found to exert sex difference pattern, such as clozapine induced neutropenia was more prevalent in women whereas simvastatin/atorvastatin-related abnormal liver functions were more pronounced in men.
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6
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Wang R, Wu Q. Efficacy and Safety of Gefitinib Plus Pemetrexed/Platinum in Advanced EGFR-Mutated Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients: A Real-World Observational Study. Onco Targets Ther 2022; 15:31-39. [PMID: 35046665 PMCID: PMC8763260 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s332998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent clinical trials illustrated that gefitinib plus pemetrexed/platinum regimen improves survival in advanced lung adenocarcinoma patients with EGFR mutation, while data on its efficacy and safety in a real clinical setting are limited. Thus, this real-world observational study aimed to explore this issue. Methods Fifty-one advanced lung adenocarcinoma patients with EGFR mutation who received gefitinib plus pemetrexed/platinum (GPP) were enrolled as GPP group, meanwhile 30 patients who only received gefitinib were retrospectively recruited as control group. Progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and adverse events were assessed. Results PFS was prolonged in GPP group compared to control group (P=0.013) (median PFS: 23.0 vs 14.0 months, 1-year PFS rate: 78.4% vs 60.0%, 3-year PFS rate: 19.6% vs 5.3%). Furthermore, OS was longer in GPP group compared to control group (P=0.023) (median PFS: 42.0 vs 28.0 months, 1-year PFS rate: 94.1% vs 86.7%, 3-year PFS rate: 56.9% vs 32.7%). After adjustment by multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression, GPP group vs control group was independent predictive factor of prolonged PFS (P=0.004, hazard ratio (HR)=0.450) and OS (P=0.031, HR=0.462). Moreover, the most common adverse events among patients in GPP group included myelosuppression (66.7%), digestive toxicity (62.7%), renal toxicity (31.4%), and hepatotoxicity (23.5%), and most of them were grade 1–2. Conclusion Gefitinib plus pemetrexed/platinum exhibits favorable efficacy with low occurrence of severe adverse events in advanced lung adenocarcinoma patients with EGFR mutation, suggesting it could be a potential option for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, People's Republic of China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Anhui Chest Hospital, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, People's Republic of China
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Das S, Bhattacharya B, Das B, Sinha B, Jamatia T, Paul K. Etiologic Role of Kinases in the Progression of Human Cancers and Its Targeting Strategies. Indian J Surg Oncol 2019; 12:34-45. [PMID: 33994726 DOI: 10.1007/s13193-019-00972-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the dominant causes of death worldwide while lifelong prognosis is still inauspicious. The maturation of the cancer is seen as a process of transformation of a healthy cell into a tumor-sensitive cell, which is held entirely at the cellular, molecular, and genetic levels of the organism. Tyrosine kinases can play a major, etiologic role in the inception of malignancy and devote to the uncontrolled proliferation of cancerous cells and the progression of a tumor as well as the development of metastatic disease. Angiogenesis and oncogene activation are the major event in cell proliferation. The growth of a tumor and metastasis are fully depending on angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis triggered by chemical signals from tumor cells in a phase of rapid growth. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors are compounds that inhibit tyrosine kinases and effective in targeting angiogenesis and blocking the signaling pathways of oncogenes. Small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors like afatinib, erlotinib, crizotinib, gefitinib, and cetuximab are shown to a selective cut off tactic toward the constitutive activation of an oncogene in tumor cells, and thus contemplated as promising therapeutic approaches for the diagnosis of cancer and malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjoy Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam 786004 India
| | - Bireswar Bhattacharya
- Regional Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Agartala, Tripura 799005 India
| | - Biplajit Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam 786004 India
| | - Bibek Sinha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam 786004 India
| | - Taison Jamatia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam 786004 India
| | - Kishan Paul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam 786004 India
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8
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Kumar R, Dubashi B, Kayal S, Lazzar SC, Barathi D, Kumar V. Study of gefitinib maintenance in unselected patients with metastatic primary lung adenocarcinoma: A descriptive study. Indian J Cancer 2018; 54:188-192. [PMID: 29199688 DOI: 10.4103/ijc.ijc_46_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maintenance treatment of patients with advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) without disease progression after first-line chemotherapy is a subject of ongoing research. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine-kinase inhibitor, i.e., gefitinib in the maintenance setting irrespective of EGFR status. METHODS Patients aged 18 years or older of Indian origin, who had a life expectancy of >12 weeks with histologically or cytologically confirmed Stage IV NSCLC, the WHO performance status of 0-2, and who had completed four to six cycles of first-line platinum-based doublet chemotherapy without disease progression or unacceptable toxic effects were included in the study. The primary endpoint of the study was progression-free survival in the intention-to-treat population. RESULTS Twenty-five patients with a median age of 55 years (40-68) were included in the study. The median progression-free survival (PFS) for the entire group was 8 months (95% confidence interval [CI] =1.45-14.54) had not reached for EGFR-positive patient, but in the EGFR negative cohort, the PFS was 4.98 months (hazard ratio = 0.092, 95% CI = 3.4-6.5, P = 0.01). The median overall survival (OS) of the study group was 15 months (95% CI = 3.7-26.4), all patients with EGFR positive were alive (100% survival). The median OS for EGFR negative group was about 6.3 months. The major toxicity observed was rash/acne in 15 patients, pruritus in 7 patients, and one patient had Grade 4 pneumonitis. CONCLUSION Gefitinib maintenance is safe, well-tolerated therapy, produces significant PFS and OS benefit in EGFR mutation-positive patient. It is definitely not a choice for EGFR negative group. In EGFR unknown group, the role of maintenance still needs to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kumar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - B Dubashi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - S Kayal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - S C Lazzar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - D Barathi
- Department of Radio-diagnosis and Imaging, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - V Kumar
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
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Mapping Bone Marrow Response in the Vertebral Column by Positron Emission Tomography Following Radiotherapy and Erlotinib Therapy of Lung Cancer. Mol Imaging Biol 2018; 21:391-398. [DOI: 10.1007/s11307-018-1226-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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10
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Wang TF, Chu SC, Lee JJ, Yang GG, Huang WH, Chang ET, Low T, Wu YF, Kao RH, Lin CB. Presence of pleural effusion is associated with a poor prognosis in patients with epidermal growth factor receptor-mutated lung cancer receiving tyrosine kinase inhibitors as first-line treatment. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2017; 13:304-313. [PMID: 28124437 DOI: 10.1111/ajco.12658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of clinical factors on the treatment outcomes of lung cancer patients with active epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations treated by first-line tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). METHODS Patients of stage IIIb or IV lung adenocarcinoma harboring mutated EGFR were enrolled between March 2010 and June 2014 and followed up until December 2015. The effects of various clinical features, such as age, sex, smoking history, EGFR mutation types, TKIs used, presence of pleural effusion, metastatic sites on progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS A total of 104 patients were included in this study. Patients with pleural effusion at initial diagnosis had significantly shorter PFS and OS than those without pleural effusion (median PFS: 8.2 months vs 15.3 months, P = 0.0004; median OS: 16.3 months vs 28.2 months, P = 0.0003). Univariate analysis revealed that being male or a smoker was associated with short PFS, whereas smoking history, bony metastasis and malignant pleural effusion were associated with poor OS. Stepwise multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the presence of pleural effusion and different TKI use were independent prognostic factors for PFS [hazard ratio [HR] = 2.50 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.53-4.10), P = 0.0003 and HR = 0.55 (95% CI, 0.31-0.97), P = 0.0396, respectively], whereas the presence of pleural effusion and liver metastasis were associated with poor OS [HR = 2.79 (95% CI: 1.46-5.30), P = 0.0018 and HR = 2.12 (95% CI, 1.02-4.40), P = 0.0440, respectively]. CONCLUSION The presence of pleural effusion predicts poor PFS and OS in lung adenocarcinoma patients receiving TKIs as the first-line treatment. Additional studies are warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and determine novel strategies for improving the outcome of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tso-Fu Wang
- Departments of Hematology and Oncology, Buddhist Tzu-Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Chao Chu
- Departments of Hematology and Oncology, Buddhist Tzu-Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Jyh Lee
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Buddhist Tzu-Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Gee-Gwo Yang
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Buddhist Tzu-Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Han Huang
- Departments of Hematology and Oncology, Buddhist Tzu-Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan.,Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Buddhist Tzu-Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - En-Ting Chang
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Buddhist Tzu-Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Tissot Low
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Buddhist Tzu-Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Feng Wu
- Departments of Hematology and Oncology, Buddhist Tzu-Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Ho Kao
- Departments of Hematology and Oncology, Buddhist Tzu-Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Bin Lin
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Buddhist Tzu-Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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11
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Xu W, Jiang X, Xu Z, Ye T, Shi Q. The Efficacy of Brucea javanica Oil Emulsion Injection as Adjunctive Therapy for Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Meta-Analysis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2016; 2016:5928562. [PMID: 28050192 PMCID: PMC5168483 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5928562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Purpose. To evaluate the efficacy of Brucea javanica oil emulsion injection (BJOEI) in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) during chemotherapy. Method. Electronic database of EMBASE and PubMed and the conference proceeding of ASCO, CNKI, CBMdisc, VIP, and Wanfang database were searched to select RCTs comparing BJOEI plus chemotherapy with chemotherapy alone in the treatment of advanced NSCLC, until June 1, 2016. Two reviewers independently performed the analysis according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Review Manager 5.3 and STATA 12.0 were employed for data analysis. Result. Twenty-one studies including 2234 cases were included. The pooled result indicated that there were significant differences in ORR (RR = 1.25; 95% CI: 1.14-1.36; P < 0.00001), improvement of QOL (RR = 1.87; 95% CI: 1.63-2.15; P < 0.00001), nausea and vomiting (RR = 0.67; 95% CI: 0.46-0.98; P = 0.04), leukopenia (RR = 0.63; 95% CI: 0.52-0.75; P < 0.00001), but there was no difference in thrombocytopenia (RR = 0.78; 95% CI: 0.49-1.23; P = 0.29). Begg's funnel plot and Egger's test indicated that no publication bias was found. The sensitivity analysis suggested the stability of the pooled result. Conclusion. The addition of BJOEI can enhance efficacy, improve QOL, and decrease incidence of nausea and vomiting and leukopenia for advanced NSCLC patients. However, higher quality RCTs are needed to further confirm this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- School of International Pharmaceutical Business, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Xinchan Jiang
- School of International Pharmaceutical Business, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Zhengyuan Xu
- School of International Pharmaceutical Business, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Tong Ye
- School of International Pharmaceutical Business, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Qionghua Shi
- School of International Pharmaceutical Business, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
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Yang S, Zhang Y, Zhao X, Wang J, Shang J. microRNA-361 targets Wilms' tumor 1 to inhibit the growth, migration and invasion of non-small-cell lung cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:5415-5421. [PMID: 27779659 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression and functions of microRNA-361 (miR-361) have been studied in various human cancers. However, its expression and role in non‑small‑cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains unclear. In the present study, the expression levels of miR‑361 in NSCLC tissues and cell lines were determined using reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‑qPCR). In addition, the effect of miR‑361 on the proliferation, migration and invasion of NSCLC cells was assessed. Furthermore, a dual‑Luciferase reporter assay, RT‑qPCR and western blotting were performed to investigate whether miR‑361 directly targeted the 3' untranslated region of Wilms' tumor 1 (WT1). The results of the present study revealed that miR‑361 was downregulated in NSCLC tissues and cell lines. Enforced expression of miR‑361 suppressed the proliferation, migration and invasion of NSCLC cells. WT1 was identified as a direct target gene of miR‑361 in NSCLC. Furthermore, knockdown of WT1 had similar effects to miR‑361 overexpression in NSCLC cells. The present study provided novel insights into the molecular mechanism underlying the rapid growth and metastasis of NSCLC, and identified the association between miR‑361 and WT1 as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxiang Yang
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300211, P.R. China
| | - Yingchao Zhang
- Department of Respiration, Tianjin Baodi Hospital, Tianjin 301800, P.R. China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Baodi Hospital, Tianjin 301800, P.R. China
| | - Jingzheng Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Dongping People's Hospital, Tai'an, Shandong 271500, P.R. China
| | - Jianjing Shang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Dongping People's Hospital, Tai'an, Shandong 271500, P.R. China
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Schedule-dependent cytotoxicity of sunitinib and TRAIL in human non-small cell lung cancer cells with or without EGFR and KRAS mutations. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2016; 39:343-52. [PMID: 27016208 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-016-0278-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTACT BACKGROUND Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who do initially respond to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) may eventually develop resistance, which may at least partly be due to the acquisition of a secondary EGFR mutation (T790M). Additionally, it has been found that KRAS mutations may serve as poor prognostic biomarkers. Here, we aimed at establishing a suitable treatment regimen for the multi-target TKI sunitinib and the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) in NSCLC-derived cells with or without EGFR and KRAS mutations. METHODS Four NSCLC-derived cell lines with or without EGFR and KRAS mutations were exposed to different sunitinib and TRAIL treatment regimens. Alterations in cell viability, cell cycle distribution, apoptosis, phosphorylation of AKT and expression of the death receptors DR4 and DR5 were evaluated using CCK8, flow cytometry and Western blotting assays, respectively. RESULTS A synergistic cytotoxic effect was observed in all four cell lines treated with sunitinib (1 nM) followed by TRAIL (100 ng/ml), as well as after simultaneous treatment with both agents. We found that sunitinib enhances TRAIL-induced G0/G1-phase cell cycle arrest and blocks TRAIL-triggered activation of AKT as the underlying mechanism. In contrast, we observed antagonistic effects when sunitinib was administered after TRAIL to the cell lines tested. A decreased DR4 and DR5 expression was found to be correlated with this antagonism. CONCLUSION From our data we conclude that administration of sunitinib followed by TRAIL, as well as a simultaneous administration of both agents, serve as favorable treatment regimens for NSCLC-derived cells, irrespective of their EGFR and/or KRAS mutation status.
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The Effect of ShenQi FuZheng Injection in Combination with Chemotherapy versus Chemotherapy Alone on the Improvement of Efficacy and Immune Function in Patients with Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Meta-Analysis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152270. [PMID: 27015629 PMCID: PMC4807845 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the effect of ShenQi FuZheng Injection (SFI) on cellular immunity and clinical efficacy in patients with advanced non small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) when combined with chemotherapy. Methods Electronic databases including EMBASE, PUBMED, the conference proceedings of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), Cochrane, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Chinese Biological Medical disc(CBM) were searched, until July, 2015. The randomized controlled clinical studies reporting results of efficacy and immune function were collected according to the inclusion criteria. Cochrane handbook 5.1.0 was applied to assess the quality of included trials and Revman 5 software was used for data analysis. Results Fifteen studies including 1006 cases of advanced NSCLC were included based on the inclusion criteria. The results of meta-analysis showed that there were significant differences in percentages of CD3+ cells (SMD = 13.48; 95%CI: 8.11–18.85; p<0.01), CD4+ cells (SMD = 10.78; 95%CI, 6.38–15.18; p<0.01), NK [WMD = 8.59, 95% CI(3.97, 13.21), p = 0.003], and ratio of CD4+/ CD8+ (SMD = 0.32; 95%: 0.28–0.36; p<0.01) between SFI combination group and control group, whereas the difference was not significant in CD8+ (SMD = -1.44; 95%CI, -4.53–1.65; p = 0.36). Funnel plot, Begg's rank correlation test and Egger's linear regression analysis indicated that there was significant publication bias across studies. Conclusion SFI is effective to improve the efficacy of chemotherpay and function of cellular immunity in NSCLC patients, however, high quality RCTs are needed to further confirm the findings.
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Zhang Y, Zhang G, Li X, Li B, Zhang X. The effect of ribosomal protein S15a in lung adenocarcinoma. PeerJ 2016; 4:e1792. [PMID: 26989627 PMCID: PMC4793315 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: RPS15A (Ribosomal Protein S15A) promotes mRNA/ribosome interactions in translation. It is critical for the process of eukaryotic protein biosynthesis. Recently, aberrantly expressed RPS15A was found in the hepatitis virus and in malignant tumors. However, the role of RPS15A has not been fully revealed on the development of lung cancer. Method: In this study, a Tissue Microarray (TMA) of primary lung adenocarcinoma tissue specimens was carried out. Furthermore, to further investigate the function of RPS15A in lung cancer, RPS15A-specific short hairpin RNA (shRNA) expressing lentivirus (Lv-shRPS15A) was constructed and used to infect H1299 and A549 cells. Result: Our data showed that RPS15A expression was increased in tumor tissues. Furthermore, the knockdown of RSP15A inhibited cancer cell growth and induced apoptosis in the cancer cells. Gene expression profile microarray also revealed that the P53 signaling pathway was activated in Lv-shRPS15A-infected cancer cells. Conclusion: Taken together, our results demonstrate that RPS15A is a novel oncogene in non-small cell lung cancer and may be a potential therapeutic target in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun, Jilin , China
| | - Guangxin Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun, Jilin , China
| | - Xin Li
- Jilin provincial key laboratory on molecular and chemical genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , China
| | - Bingjin Li
- Jilin provincial key laboratory on molecular and chemical genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , China
| | - Xingyi Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun, Jilin , China
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Youssef G, Wallace WAH, Dagleish MP, Cousens C, Griffiths DJ. Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma: a large animal model for human lung cancer. ILAR J 2016; 56:99-115. [PMID: 25991702 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilv014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Recent progress in understanding the molecular pathogenesis of this disease has resulted in novel therapeutic strategies targeting specific groups of patients. Further studies are required to provide additional advances in diagnosis and treatment. Animal models are valuable tools for studying oncogenesis in lung cancer, particularly during the early stages of disease where tissues are rarely available from human cases. Mice have traditionally been used for studying lung cancer in vivo, and a variety of spontaneous and transgenic models are available. However, it is recognized that other species may also be informative for studies of cancer. Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA) is a naturally occurring lung cancer of sheep caused by retrovirus infection and has several features in common with adenocarcinoma of humans, including a similar histological appearance and activation of common cell signaling pathways. Additionally, the size and organization of human lungs are much closer to those of sheep lungs than to those of mice, which facilitates experimental approaches in sheep that are not available in mice. Thus OPA presents opportunities for studying lung tumor development that can complement conventional murine models. Here we describe the potential applications of OPA as a model for human lung adenocarcinoma with an emphasis on the various in vivo and in vitro experimental systems available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gehad Youssef
- Gehad Youssef, BSc, is a research scientist at the Moredun Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK. William A. H. Wallace, MBChB(Hons), PhD, FRCPE, FRCPath, is a consultant pathologist at the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh and Honorary Reader in Pathology, Edinburgh University, UK; Mark P. Dagleish BVM&S, PhD, MRCVS, FRCPath, is Head of Pathology at the Moredun Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK. Chris Cousens, PhD, is a senior research scientist at the Moredun Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK, and David J. Griffiths, PhD, is a principal research scientist at the Moredun Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - William A H Wallace
- Gehad Youssef, BSc, is a research scientist at the Moredun Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK. William A. H. Wallace, MBChB(Hons), PhD, FRCPE, FRCPath, is a consultant pathologist at the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh and Honorary Reader in Pathology, Edinburgh University, UK; Mark P. Dagleish BVM&S, PhD, MRCVS, FRCPath, is Head of Pathology at the Moredun Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK. Chris Cousens, PhD, is a senior research scientist at the Moredun Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK, and David J. Griffiths, PhD, is a principal research scientist at the Moredun Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mark P Dagleish
- Gehad Youssef, BSc, is a research scientist at the Moredun Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK. William A. H. Wallace, MBChB(Hons), PhD, FRCPE, FRCPath, is a consultant pathologist at the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh and Honorary Reader in Pathology, Edinburgh University, UK; Mark P. Dagleish BVM&S, PhD, MRCVS, FRCPath, is Head of Pathology at the Moredun Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK. Chris Cousens, PhD, is a senior research scientist at the Moredun Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK, and David J. Griffiths, PhD, is a principal research scientist at the Moredun Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Chris Cousens
- Gehad Youssef, BSc, is a research scientist at the Moredun Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK. William A. H. Wallace, MBChB(Hons), PhD, FRCPE, FRCPath, is a consultant pathologist at the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh and Honorary Reader in Pathology, Edinburgh University, UK; Mark P. Dagleish BVM&S, PhD, MRCVS, FRCPath, is Head of Pathology at the Moredun Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK. Chris Cousens, PhD, is a senior research scientist at the Moredun Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK, and David J. Griffiths, PhD, is a principal research scientist at the Moredun Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David J Griffiths
- Gehad Youssef, BSc, is a research scientist at the Moredun Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK. William A. H. Wallace, MBChB(Hons), PhD, FRCPE, FRCPath, is a consultant pathologist at the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh and Honorary Reader in Pathology, Edinburgh University, UK; Mark P. Dagleish BVM&S, PhD, MRCVS, FRCPath, is Head of Pathology at the Moredun Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK. Chris Cousens, PhD, is a senior research scientist at the Moredun Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK, and David J. Griffiths, PhD, is a principal research scientist at the Moredun Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
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Goss GD, Spaans JN. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibition in the Management of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lung. Oncologist 2016; 21:205-13. [PMID: 26768483 PMCID: PMC4746081 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2015-0209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Molecular therapies targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) have had a profound impact on the management of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). EGFR inhibition with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) and anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in squamous NSCLC (sqNSCLC) remains controversial in patients whose tumors are not known to harbor EGFR mutations. Recent meta-analyses of EGFR-inhibition randomized trials that are adequately powered for histological subgroup analysis and anti-EGFR trials limited to patients with squamous histology afford the opportunity to revisit EGFR treatment in sqNSCLC. In unselected patients with sqNSCLC who are not eligible for chemotherapy, EGFR-TKI therapy is a valid treatment option over placebo or best supportive care, with improved progression-free survival noted in randomized controlled trials in both the first- and second-line setting and improved overall survival (OS) in the second-line setting. In patients eligible for chemotherapy, first-line combination regimens with anti-EGFR mAbs have been shown to improve OS over chemotherapy alone in patients with squamous histology in meta-analysis and more recently in the SQUIRE sqNSCLC trial (chemotherapy with and without necitumumab). In sqNSCLC patients who respond to induction chemotherapy, maintenance therapy with erlotinib delays disease progression and may improve the survival of patients with stable disease. In the second-line setting, survival outcomes are comparable between chemotherapy and EGFR-TKIs in meta-analysis, with the latter being more tolerable as a second-line therapy. Newer-generation EGFR-TKI therapies may further benefit patients with sqNSCLC who have failed first-line chemotherapy, given the positive trial results from LUX-Lung 8 (afatinib vs. erlotinib). EGFR is a valid therapeutic target in unselected/EGFR wild-type patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. With the recent approval of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the second-line management of advanced sqNSCLC and their adoption as a new standard of care, there exists an opportunity for novel combination therapies to increase therapeutic efficacy and durable tumor control. As more targeted agents are approved, combination regimens that include an anti-EGFR agent should be evaluated, and the optimal sequencing of targeted therapies should be defined. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) therapies remain controversial in unselected/wild-type EGFR squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Recent meta-analyses and squamous-only NSCLC EGFR-inhibition trials have overcome the power limitations of early trials and can now inform the management of squamous NSCLC with anti-EGFR therapies. With the approval of immunotherapeutics in the second-line management of squamous NSCLC, there exists an opportunity for novel combination therapies to improve efficacy and durable tumor control. The optimal timing and sequencing of available second-line targeted therapies, however, have yet to be defined. This review analyzes randomized clinical trials of EGFR inhibition in NSCLC and meta-analyses of these trials, with a focus on patients with squamous histology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenwood D Goss
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Koyi H, Johansson L, From J, Nyrén S. Biopsy testing in an inoperable, non-small cell lung cancer population-a retrospective, real-life study in Sweden. J Thorac Dis 2016; 7:2226-33. [PMID: 26793344 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2015.12.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Correct diagnosis and staging are required for optimal treatment choice in lung cancer patients. This retrospective, patient medical records study investigated the clinical practice of lung cancer biopsy procedures and testing in Sweden. METHODS Consecutive patients with a recorded inoperable, malignant tumour of bronchus and lung were retrospectively identified at geographically widespread pulmonology clinics (NCT01139619). Data, including diagnostic sampling methodology [bronchoscopy, biopsy by pulmonologist and computed tomography (CT)-guided biopsy], were collected for patients diagnosed between 1 June 2009-31 May 2010, and analysed using descriptive statistics. A study-predefined algorithm, including six criteria on tumour localization and size, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), blood saturation and risk of bleeding theoretically categorizing patient suitability for CT-guided biopsy, was used. RESULTS In total, 132 patients (mean age 68 years, 48% women, 61% adenocarcinoma, 86% current/ former smokers, 96% performance status ≤2, mean FEV1 volume ≥2 L) were included. The majority were examined by >1 diagnostic procedure (29% by CT-guided biopsy). Median overall time from first hospital contact to established diagnosis was 12.0 days (10.0 and 28.0 days for bronchoscopy and CT-guided biopsy, respectively). No major differences in lung function, age, performance status or predefined algorithm criteria were noted for patients examined by CT-guided biopsy versus bronchoscopy or biopsy. Complications were reported for 11 patients, including pneumothorax in six patients. Histopathology was used most frequently to diagnose and subtype (70%), although 66% of patients examined solely by bronchoscopy were diagnosed by cytology. For 26.5% of patients, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation testing was recorded. CONCLUSIONS No limitations regarding patient suitability or methodological complications were noted in this real-life, observational study. The CT-guided biopsy is a relatively safe and well-established method, and may need to be utilized further to fulfil current and future demands for faster diagnosis and high quality tissue as new tumour markers and targeted therapies become available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirsh Koyi
- 1 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Gävle Hospital; Centre for Research and Development Uppsala University, County Council of Gävleborg; and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden ; 2 Department of Pathology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden ; 3 AstraZeneca NordicBaltic, Södertälje, Sweden ; 4 Department of Radiology, Solna, Karolinska University Hospital; and Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Leif Johansson
- 1 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Gävle Hospital; Centre for Research and Development Uppsala University, County Council of Gävleborg; and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden ; 2 Department of Pathology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden ; 3 AstraZeneca NordicBaltic, Södertälje, Sweden ; 4 Department of Radiology, Solna, Karolinska University Hospital; and Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jesper From
- 1 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Gävle Hospital; Centre for Research and Development Uppsala University, County Council of Gävleborg; and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden ; 2 Department of Pathology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden ; 3 AstraZeneca NordicBaltic, Södertälje, Sweden ; 4 Department of Radiology, Solna, Karolinska University Hospital; and Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sven Nyrén
- 1 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Gävle Hospital; Centre for Research and Development Uppsala University, County Council of Gävleborg; and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden ; 2 Department of Pathology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden ; 3 AstraZeneca NordicBaltic, Södertälje, Sweden ; 4 Department of Radiology, Solna, Karolinska University Hospital; and Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Pan LJ, Zhong TF, Tang RX, Li P, Dang YW, Huang SN, Chen G. Upregulation and clinicopathological significance of long non-coding NEAT1 RNA in NSCLC tissues. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16:2851-5. [PMID: 25854373 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.7.2851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent reports have shown that nuclear enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEAT1), a long non- coding RNA (lncRNA), contributes to the precise control of gene expression and is related to several human malignancies. However, limited data are available on the expression and function of NEAT1 in lung cancer. The major objective of the current study was to profile the expression and clinicopathological significance of NEAT1 in non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS NEAT1 expression in 125 NSCLC cases and paired adjacent non-cancer tissues was assessed by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR). Relationships between NEAT1 and clinicopathological factors were also investigated. RESULTS The relative level of NEAT1 was 6.98±3.74 in NSCLC tissues, significantly elevated as compared to that of the adjacent non-cancer lung tissues (4.83±2.98, p<0.001). The area under curve (AUC) of high expression of NEAT1 to diagnose NSCLC was 0.684 (95% CI: 0.619~0.750, p<0.001). NEAT1 expression was positively correlated with patient age (r=-2.007, p=0.047), lymphatic metastasis (r=-2.731, p=0.007), vascular invasion (r=-3.617, p=0.001) and clinical TNM stage (r=-4.134, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that NEAT1 might be associated with oncogenesis and progression in NSCLC, and suggests application in molecular targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Jiang Pan
- Department of Radiotherapy, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China E-mail :
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Inhibition of microRNA-196a might reverse cisplatin resistance of A549/DDP non-small-cell lung cancer cell line. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:2387-94. [PMID: 26376998 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4017-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to explore the possible mechanism of microRNA-196a (miR-196a) inhibition and reversion of drug resistance to cisplatin (DDP) of the A549/DDP non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell line. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect expression differences of miR-196a in the drug-resistant A549/DDP NLCLC cell line and the parental A549 cell line, and expressions of miR-196a in the A549/DDP NLCLC cell line transfected with miR-196a inhibitor (anti-miR-196a group) and the miR-196a negative control (miR-NC) group and blank group (without transfection). 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) test was applied in examining the cell viability of A549/DDP cell line before and after transfection. Clonogenic assay was used to detect cell proliferation ability. Flow cytometry was applied in detecting apoptosis rate of assayed tumor cell and rhodamine-123 changes in cells. Western blot was applied in detecting proteins of drug-resistant related gene in A549/DDP cell line. Significantly higher expression of miR-196a was detected in the drug-resistant A549/DDP cell line than that in the parental A549 cell line (P < 0.05). However, miR-196a expression in the anti-miR-196a group decreased obviously compared to that in the blank group and the miR-NC group (both P < 0.05); The value of IC50 in the anti-miR-196a group showed remarkably lower than that in the blank group and the miR-NC group (both P < 0.05); Rh-123 absorbing ability in the anti-miR-196a group increased 2.51 times and 2.49 times respectively compared to that in the blank group and the miR-NC group (both P < 0.05). No statistical differences in the apoptosis rate of A549/DDP cell line in the early stage were found among the three groups (all P > 0.05), but the late-stage apoptosis rate in the anti-miR-196a group was significantly higher than that in the blank group and the miR-NC group (both P < 0.05); The expressions of human multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1), multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1), excision repair cross-complementation 1 (ERCC1), survivin, and B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) decreased significantly while RhoE increased significantly in the anti-miR-196a group than the blank group and the miR-NC group (all P < 0.05). Inhibition of miR-196a could reverse cisplatin resistance of A549/DDP cell lines, which might relate with inhibition of drug efflux, down-regulation of drug-resistant protein expression, cell apoptosis, and cell proliferation suppression.
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Association between downexpression of MiR-203 and poor prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer patients. Clin Transl Oncol 2015; 18:360-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s12094-015-1377-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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22
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Stella GM, Valizia C, Zorzetto M, Inghilleri S, Valentini A, Dore R, Colombo S, Valentino F, Orlandoni G, Morbini P. Unexpected responses to EGFR inhibition in NSCLC. Respir Med Case Rep 2015; 16:32-4. [PMID: 26744648 PMCID: PMC4681892 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of activating mutations of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-gene identifies a distinct and clinically relevant molecular subset of non-small-cell lung cancer. It is now well demonstrated that EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) gefitinib and erlotinib are superior to standard chemotherapy in this subset of tumors. Nevertheless, in many cases, responses are not durable and last for 6–12 months due to the occurrence of secondary or acquired resistance. Here we present three cases of EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinomas (ADC), that showed an unexpected response to anti-EGFR small molecules. The first patient presented a continued 89 month-long response to erlotinib in a tumor recurred after surgery and conventional chemotherapy. In the other cases, subclinically persistent tumor in the lung tissue was documented histologically in lung resections performed after partial response to TKI treatment. The persistence of interstitial and endolymphatic tumor cells after TKI treatment might explain the common observation of tumor relapse after TKI discontinuation, and sustain the decision to continue treatment in responsive patients as in our first case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia M Stella
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Genetics, Pneumology Unit, University and Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Claudio Valizia
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Genetics, Pneumology Unit, University and Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Michele Zorzetto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Genetics, Pneumology Unit, University and Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Simona Inghilleri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Genetics, Pneumology Unit, University and Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Adele Valentini
- Institute of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Roberto Dore
- Institute of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Sara Colombo
- Department of Hemato-oncology, Radiation Therapy, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesco Valentino
- Department of Hemato-oncology, Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giulio Orlandoni
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Patrizia Morbini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Section of Pathology, University of Pavia and Foundation IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy
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Gallagher-Colombo SM, Miller J, Cengel KA, Putt ME, Vinogradov SA, Busch TM. Erlotinib Pretreatment Improves Photodynamic Therapy of Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma Xenografts via Multiple Mechanisms. Cancer Res 2015; 75:3118-26. [PMID: 26054596 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-3304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a common characteristic of many cancers, including non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, and ovarian cancer. Although EGFR is currently a favorite molecular target for the treatment of these cancers, inhibition of the receptor with small-molecule inhibitors (i.e., erlotinib) or monoclonal antibodies (i.e., cetuximab) does not provide long-term therapeutic benefit as standalone treatment. Interestingly, we have found that addition of erlotinib to photodynamic therapy (PDT) can improve treatment response in typically erlotinib-resistant NSCLC tumor xenografts. Ninety-day complete response rates of 63% are achieved when erlotinib is administered in three doses before PDT of H460 human tumor xenografts, compared with 16% after PDT-alone. Similar benefit is found when erlotinib is added to PDT of A549 NCSLC xenografts. Improved response is accompanied by increased vascular shutdown, and erlotinib increases the in vitro cytotoxicity of PDT to endothelial cells. Tumor uptake of the photosensitizer (benzoporphyrin derivative monoacid ring A; BPD) is increased by the in vivo administration of erlotinib; nevertheless, this elevation of BPD levels only partially accounts for the benefit of erlotinib to PDT. Thus, pretreatment with erlotinib augments multiple mechanisms of PDT effect that collectively lead to large improvements in therapeutic efficacy. These data demonstrate that short-duration administration of erlotinib before PDT can greatly improve the responsiveness of even erlotinib-resistant tumors to treatment. Results will inform clinical investigation of EGFR-targeting therapeutics in conjunction with PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon M Gallagher-Colombo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Joann Miller
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Keith A Cengel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mary E Putt
- Department of Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sergei A Vinogradov
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Theresa M Busch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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Vaccaro V, Sperduti I, Vari S, Bria E, Melisi D, Garufi C, Nuzzo C, Scarpa A, Tortora G, Cognetti F, Reni M, Milella M. Metastatic pancreatic cancer: Is there a light at the end of the tunnel? World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:4788-4801. [PMID: 25944992 PMCID: PMC4408451 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i16.4788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to extremely poor prognosis, pancreatic cancer (PDAC) represents the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death in Western countries. For more than a decade, gemcitabine (Gem) has been the mainstay of first-line PDAC treatment. Many efforts aimed at improving single-agent Gem efficacy by either combining it with a second cytotoxic/molecularly targeted agent or pharmacokinetic modulation provided disappointing results. Recently, the field of systemic therapy of advanced PDAC is finally moving forward. Polychemotherapy has shown promise over single-agent Gem: regimens like PEFG-PEXG-PDXG and GTX provide significant potential advantages in terms of survival and/or disease control, although sometimes at the cost of poor tolerability. The PRODIGE 4/ACCORD 11 was the first phase III trial to provide unequivocal benefit using the polychemotherapy regimen FOLFIRINOX; however the less favorable safety profile and the characteristics of the enrolled population, restrict the use of FOLFIRINOX to young and fit PDAC patients. The nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-Paclitaxel) formulation was developed to overcome resistance due to the desmoplastic stroma surrounding pancreatic cancer cells. Regardless of whether or not this is its main mechanisms of action, the combination of nab-Paclitaxel plus Gem showed a statistically and clinically significant survival advantage over single agent Gem and significantly improved all the secondary endpoints. Furthermore, recent findings on maintenance therapy are opening up potential new avenues in the treatment of advanced PDAC, particularly in a new era in which highly effective first-line regimens allow patients to experience prolonged disease control. Here, we provide an overview of recent advances in the systemic treatment of advanced PDAC, mostly focusing on recent findings that have set new standards in metastatic disease. Potential avenues for further development in the metastatic setting and current efforts to integrate new effective chemotherapy regimens in earlier stages of disease (neoadjuvant, adjuvant, and multimodal approaches in both resectable and unresectable patients) are also briefly discussed.
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Paget-Bailly S, Paulus V, Pana-Katatali H, Agazzi GM, Trinquart L, Calais F, Westeel V. Maintenance therapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Hippokratia 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd011631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Paget-Bailly
- University Hospital of Besançon; Methodological and Quality of Life in Oncology Unit; 2 Place Saint Jacques Besançon France 25030
| | - Valérie Paulus
- University Hospital of Besançon; Thoracic Oncology; 3, Boulevard Alexandre Fleming Besançon France 25030
| | - Héloïse Pana-Katatali
- University Hospital of Besançon; Thoracic Oncology; 3, Boulevard Alexandre Fleming Besançon France 25030
| | | | | | - François Calais
- University of Franche-Comté; University Library; Besançon France
| | - Virginie Westeel
- University Hospital of Besançon; Thoracic Oncology; 3, Boulevard Alexandre Fleming Besançon France 25030
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26
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Fukuda N, Honda S. Rapid evaluation of tyrosine kinase activity of membrane-integrated human epidermal growth factor receptor using the yeast Gγ recruitment system. ACS Synth Biol 2015; 4:421-9. [PMID: 25006755 DOI: 10.1021/sb500083t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a member of the receptor tyrosine kinase family and plays key roles in the regulation of fundamental cellular processes, including cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, and survival. Deregulation of EGFR tyrosine kinase activity is involved in the development and progression of human cancers. In the present study, we attempted to develop a method to evaluate the tyrosine kinase activity of human EGFR using the yeast Gγ recruitment system. Autophosphorylation of tyrosine residues on the cytoplasmic tail of EGFR induces recruitment of Grb2-fused Gγ subunits to the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane in yeast cells, which leads to G-protein signal transduction and activation of downstream signaling events, including mating and diploid cell growth. We demonstrate that our system is applicable for the evaluation of tyrosine kinase inhibitors, which are regarded as promising drug candidates to prevent the growth of tumor cells. This approach provides a rapid and easy-to-use tool to select EGFR-targeting tyrosine kinase inhibitors that are able to permeate eukaryotic membranes and function in intracellular environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuo Fukuda
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Higashi,
Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Shinya Honda
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Higashi,
Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
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Li Z, Zhang Y, Jin T, Men J, Lin Z, Qi P, Piao Y, Yan G. NQO1 protein expression predicts poor prognosis of non-small cell lung cancers. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:207. [PMID: 25880877 PMCID: PMC4396547 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1227-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-level expression of NAD(P)H quinoneoxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) has been correlated with many types of human cancers, suggesting that NQO1 plays important roles in tumor occurrence and progression. This study attempted to explore the role of NQO1 in tumor progression and prognostic evaluation of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS Total 164 tissue samples, including 150 NSCLC paired with the adjacent non-tumor tissues and 14 normal lung tissues, were picked-up for immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of the NQO1 protein, and immunofluorescence (IF) staining was also performed to detect the subcellular localization of the NQO1 protein in A549 human lung cancer cells. The correlation between NQO1 expression and clinicopathological characteristics were evaluated by Chi-square test and Fisher's exact tests. The disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) rates of NSCLC patients were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method, and univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using the Cox proportional hazards regression model. RESULTS The NQO1 protein showed a mainly cytoplasmic staining pattern in lung cancer cells, including adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Both positive rate and strongly positive rate of NQO1 protein expression were significantly higher in NSCLC (59.3% and 28.0%) than that in adjacent non tumor (8.0% and 1.3%) and normal lung tissues (0%). The positive rate of NQO1 was related with clinical stage and lymph node metastasis, and the strongly positive rate of NQO1 protein was significantly correlated with tumor size, poor differentiation, advanced clinical stage and lymph node metastasis in NSCLC. Additionally, survival analyses showed that the patients with NQO1 positive expression had lower OS rates compared with those with NQO1 negative expression in the groups of T1-2, T3-4, without LN metastasis and stage I-II of NSCLC, respectively; however, in the groups of patients with LN metastasis or III-IV stages, OS rate was not correlated with NQO1 expression status. Moreover, multivariate analysis suggested that NQO1 emerged as a significant independent prognostic factor along with tumor size, differentiation, lymph node metastasis and clinical stage in patients with NSCLC. CONCLUSIONS NQO1 is upregulated in NSCLC, and it may be a useful poor prognostic biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for patients with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenling Li
- Department of Pathology & Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, 133002, China.
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of TCM, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, 130012, China.
| | - Tiefeng Jin
- Department of Pathology & Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, 133002, China.
| | - Jiguang Men
- Department of Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, 133002, China.
| | - Zhenhua Lin
- Department of Pathology & Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, 133002, China.
| | - Peng Qi
- Department of Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, 133002, China.
| | - Yingshi Piao
- Department of Pathology & Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, 133002, China. .,Department of Pathophysiology, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, 133002, China.
| | - Guanghai Yan
- Department of Pathology & Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, 133002, China. .,Department of Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, 133002, China.
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Zhang S, Hu Y, Huang Y, Xu H, Wu G, Dai H. Heat shock protein 27 promotes cell proliferation through activator protein-1 in lung cancer. Oncol Lett 2015; 9:2572-2576. [PMID: 26137108 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) is an important regulator involved in the development of lung cancer. However, limited evidence exists concerning the underlying molecular mechanisms of its action. The results of the present study revealed that HSP27 was highly expressed in the lung cancer tissues of mice. In an in vitro model, the overexpression of HSP27 promoted cell proliferation, while HSP27 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation. HSP27 promoted cell proliferation in vitro by directly upregulating the expression of HSP27 target genes, which required the activation of the activator protein-1 (AP-1) signaling pathway. This was evaluated by the phosphorylation status of an important pathway component, c-Jun in lung cancer tissue and cells. These results suggested that HSP27 has a promotional role in lung cancer, and therefore indicated a novel mechanism involving lung cancer cell proliferation, which may underlie poor responses to therapy. Therefore, HSP27 may be a suitable therapeutic target for the treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Yangmin Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Yuwen Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Huimin Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Gongxiong Wu
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Haibin Dai
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
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Dempke WCM. Gefitinib in non-small-cell lung cancer-an old lesson new re-visited. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2015; 2:435-8. [PMID: 25806264 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2218-6751.2013.10.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 80-85% of all cases of lung cancer, and it is the most common cause of death in men and second only to breast cancer in women. Combination chemotherapy, usually platinum-based, is currently the first-line therapy of choice, however, the prognosis for patients with advanced NSCLC remains poor with a median survival time of 8-11 months and a 1-year survival rate of 30%. Maintenance therapy is a treatment strategy that has been investigated extensively in NSCLC and has been the subject of considerable recent debate. The outstanding results of the JMEN study proved that maintenance of pemetrexed significantly improved the overall survival (OS) in advanced NSCLC patients was a proof of principle. Subsequently, the results of the SATURN study also showed a significant prolongation of progression-free survival (PFS) and OS with maintenance erlotinib compared with placebo. Despite considerable controversy, it has become an acceptable treatment paradigm and both drugs are approved for maintenance therapy of advanced NSCLC patients in Europe and the USA. In addition, several large phase III clinical trials (e.g., INFORM trial) provided evidence that maintenance therapy with gefitinib also significantly improved PFS in NSCLC patients, with greatest PFS benefit in patients harboring EGF-R mutations. However, OS was unchanged. The question still remains whether the benefit of maintenance therapy for NSCLC is best defined by PFS. Truely, PFS is the best predictor for improved OS (and is independent of subsequent treatment), but OS is acknowledged as the key clinical outcome in the treatment of advanced NSCLC. The approval of pemetrexed and erlotinib by the FDA and the EMEA and the promising data with gefitinib have certainly shifted the pendulum towards maintenance therapy, however, the precise role for the treatment strategy of NSCLC in terms of a maintenance approach is far from being clear and additional studies are warranted to further clarify this option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfram C M Dempke
- University of Munich, University Hospital of Grosshadern (Hematology and Oncology), D-81377 Munich, Germany ; ; Medical Oncology Department, Industriestrasse E2, D-01612 Glaubitz, Germany
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30
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Burotto M, Manasanch EE, Wilkerson J, Fojo T. Gefitinib and erlotinib in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis of toxicity and efficacy of randomized clinical trials. Oncologist 2015; 20:400-10. [PMID: 25795635 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2014-0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) have been evaluated in patients with metastatic and advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The U.S. Food and Drug Administration initially granted accelerated approval to gefitinib but subsequently rescinded the authorization. Erlotinib and afatinib are similar compounds approved for the treatment of metastatic NSCLC. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy and toxicity of erlotinib, gefitinib, and afatinib in NSCLC. METHODS We tabulated efficacy variables including overall response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) and quantitated toxicities and rates of dose reductions and discontinuation. Summary odds ratios were calculated using random and fixed-effects models. An odds ratio was the summary measure used for pooling of studies. RESULTS We examined 28 studies including three randomized trials with afatinib. Clinical toxicities, including pruritus, rash, anorexia, diarrhea, nausea, fatigue, mucositis, paronychia, and anemia, were similar between erlotinib and gefitinib, although some statistical differences were observed. Afatinib treatment resulted in more diarrhea, rash, and paronychia compared with erlotinib and gefitinib. Regarding efficacy, similar outcomes were recorded for ORR, PFS, or OS in the total population and in specific subgroups of patients between erlotinib and gefitinib. All three TKIs demonstrated higher ORRs in first line in tumors harboring EGFR mutations. CONCLUSION Gefitinib has similar activity and toxicity compared with erlotinib and offers a valuable alternative to patients with NSCLC. Afatinib has similar efficacy compared with erlotinib and gefitinib in first-line treatment of tumors harboring EGFR mutations but may be associated with more toxicity, although further studies are needed. Gefitinib deserves consideration for U.S. marketing as a primary treatment for EGFR-mutant NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Burotto
- Medical Oncology and Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Elisabet E Manasanch
- Medical Oncology and Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Julia Wilkerson
- Medical Oncology and Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Tito Fojo
- Medical Oncology and Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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31
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Yang X, Yang K, Kuang K. The efficacy and safety of EGFR inhibitor monotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review. Curr Oncol Rep 2014; 16:390. [PMID: 24807015 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-014-0390-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been extensively investigated in previously treated advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but what it is still unclear is the efficacy of (EFGR-TKIs: gefitinib or erlotinib) monotherapy in previously treated non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In December 2013, we performed a search in the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane library databases and Web of Science for randomized trials exploring the role of gefitinib or erlotinib in advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Through strict inclusion and exclusion criteria, fourteen trials (three front-line, two second-line, nine maintenance, n = 8970 patients) were eligible. EGFR-TKIs significantly increased overall survival (OS) [hazard ratio (HR) 0.88, 95%confidence interval (CI) 0.82-0.96, I (2) = 50.5%] and progression-free survival (PFS) (HR 0.71, 95% CI 0.63-0.81, I (2) = 81.2%] compared with placebo or best support care (BSC). Patients with clinical features such as never smoker, adenocarcinoma, Asian ethnicity and EGFR mutation positive had more pronounced OS and PFS benefit. The main adverse reactions were diarrhea, rashes, anorexia and anemia, [odds ratio (OR) = 3.635, 95% confidence interval (CI) = (2.377 to 5.557)], [OR = 15.664, 95%CI = (8.869 to 27.665)], [OR = 1.555, 95%CI = (1.060 to 2.283)], [OR = 1.481, 95%CI = (1.114 to 1.969)], respectively. The results show that monotherapy therapy with EFGR-TKIs produce a significant OS and PFS benefit for patients with NSCLC compared with placebo or BSC, especially for the patients who had adenocarcinomas, non-smokers and patients with EGFR gene mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- XiongWen Yang
- Medical College of NanChang University, No.461 Bayi Road, NanChang, China
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Burotto M, Ali SA, O’Sullivan Coyne G. Class act: safety comparison of approved tyrosine kinase inhibitors for non-small-cell lung carcinoma. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2014; 14:97-110. [DOI: 10.1517/14740338.2014.973400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Zhang X, Dang Y, Li P, Rong M, Chen G. Expression of IRAK1 in lung cancer tissues and its clinicopathological significance: a microarray study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2014; 7:8096-8104. [PMID: 25550857 PMCID: PMC4270603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The interleukin-1 receptor associated kinases 1 (IRAK1) is a down stream effector molecule of the toll like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway, which is involved in inflammation, autoimmunity and cancer. However, the role of IRAK1 in lung cancer remains unclarified. Herein, we investigated the protein expression and the clinicopathological significance of IRAK1 in 3 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded lung cancer tissue microarrays by using immunohistochemistry, which included 365 tumor and 30 normal lung tissues. We found that the expression of IRAK1 in lung cancer was significantly higher compared with that in normal lung tissues (P=0.002). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated to evaluate the power of IRAK1 to distinguish lung cancer from non-cancerous lung tissue. The area under curve (AUC) of ROC of IRAK1 was 0.643 (95% CI 0.550~0.735, P=0.009). Additionally, IRAK1 expression was related to clinical TNM stage (r=0.241, P < 0.001), lymph node metastasis (r=0.279, P < 0.001) and tumor size (r=0.299, P < 0.001) in lung cancer. In the subgroup of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC), the positive rates of IRAK1 were both higher than that in the normal lung tissues (P=0.003, P=0.002, respectively). Further spearman analysis showed that IRAK1 protein in NSCLC was positive correlated with clinical TNM stage (r=0.222, P < 0.001), lymph node metastasis (r=0.277, P < 0.001), tumor size (r=0.292, P < 0.001) and distal metastasis (r=0.110, P=0.043). In conclusion, the expression of IRAK1 protein might be valuable in identifying patients with increased risks of lung cancer and might act as a target for diagnosis and gene therapy for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuling Zhang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P. R. China
| | - Yiwu Dang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P. R. China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P. R. China
| | - Minhua Rong
- Department of Medical Research, Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Guangxi Medical University71 Hedi Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P. R. China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P. R. China
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Kerkentzes K, Lagani V, Tsamardinos I, Vyberg M, Røe OD. Hidden treasures in "ancient" microarrays: gene-expression portrays biology and potential resistance pathways of major lung cancer subtypes and normal tissue. Front Oncol 2014; 4:251. [PMID: 25325012 PMCID: PMC4178426 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Novel statistical methods and increasingly more accurate gene annotations can transform “old” biological data into a renewed source of knowledge with potential clinical relevance. Here, we provide an in silico proof-of-concept by extracting novel information from a high-quality mRNA expression dataset, originally published in 2001, using state-of-the-art bioinformatics approaches. Methods: The dataset consists of histologically defined cases of lung adenocarcinoma (AD), squamous (SQ) cell carcinoma, small-cell lung cancer, carcinoid, metastasis (breast and colon AD), and normal lung specimens (203 samples in total). A battery of statistical tests was used for identifying differential gene expressions, diagnostic and prognostic genes, enriched gene ontologies, and signaling pathways. Results: Our results showed that gene expressions faithfully recapitulate immunohistochemical subtype markers, as chromogranin A in carcinoids, cytokeratin 5, p63 in SQ, and TTF1 in non-squamous types. Moreover, biological information with putative clinical relevance was revealed as potentially novel diagnostic genes for each subtype with specificity 93–100% (AUC = 0.93–1.00). Cancer subtypes were characterized by (a) differential expression of treatment target genes as TYMS, HER2, and HER3 and (b) overrepresentation of treatment-related pathways like cell cycle, DNA repair, and ERBB pathways. The vascular smooth muscle contraction, leukocyte trans-endothelial migration, and actin cytoskeleton pathways were overexpressed in normal tissue. Conclusion: Reanalysis of this public dataset displayed the known biological features of lung cancer subtypes and revealed novel pathways of potentially clinical importance. The findings also support our hypothesis that even old omics data of high quality can be a source of significant biological information when appropriate bioinformatics methods are used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Kerkentzes
- Department of Computer Science, University of Crete , Heraklion , Greece ; Institute of Computer Science, Foundation of Research and Technology - Hellas , Heraklion , Greece
| | - Vincenzo Lagani
- Institute of Computer Science, Foundation of Research and Technology - Hellas , Heraklion , Greece
| | - Ioannis Tsamardinos
- Department of Computer Science, University of Crete , Heraklion , Greece ; Institute of Computer Science, Foundation of Research and Technology - Hellas , Heraklion , Greece
| | - Mogens Vyberg
- Institute of Pathology, Aalborg University Hospital , Aalborg , Denmark
| | - Oluf Dimitri Røe
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology , Trondheim , Norway ; Department of Oncology, Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital , Aalborg , Denmark ; Cancer Clinic, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Health Trust , Levanger , Norway
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Ameratunga M, Pavlakis N, Gebski V, Broad A, Khasraw M. Epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors in advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the lung: A meta-analysis. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2014; 10:273-8. [DOI: 10.1111/ajco.12231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Malaka Ameratunga
- Andrew Love Cancer Centre; Barwon Health; Geelong Victoria Australia
| | - Nick Pavlakis
- Royal North Shore Hospital; Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Val Gebski
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre; University of Sydney; Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Adam Broad
- Andrew Love Cancer Centre; Barwon Health; Geelong Victoria Australia
| | - Mustafa Khasraw
- Andrew Love Cancer Centre; Barwon Health; Geelong Victoria Australia
- Deakin University; Geelong Victoria Australia
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre; University of Sydney; Sydney New South Wales Australia
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Zheng Y, Fang W, Deng J, Zhao P, Xu N, Zhou J. Sequential treatment of icotinib after first-line pemetrexed in advanced lung adenocarcinoma with unknown EGFR gene status. J Thorac Dis 2014; 6:958-64. [PMID: 25093093 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2014.07.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the well-developed epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is an important therapeutic target. EGFR activating gene mutations have been proved strongly predictive of response to EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) in NSCLC. However, both in daily clinical practice and clinical trials, patients with unknown EGFR gene status (UN-EGFR-GS) are very common. In this study, we assessed efficacy and tolerability of sequential treatment of first-line pemetrexed followed by icotinib in Chinese advanced lung adenocarcinoma with UN-EGFR-GS. PATIENTS AND METHODS We analyzed 38 patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma with UN-EGFR-GS treated with first-line pemetrexed-based chemotherapy followed by icotinib as maintenance or second-line therapy. RESULTS The response rates to pemetrexed and icotinib were 21.1% and 42.1%, respectively. The median overall survival was 27.0 months (95% CI, 19.7-34.2 months). The 12-month overall survival probability was 68.4%. The most common toxicities observed in icotinib phase were rashes, diarrheas, and elevated aminotransferase. Subgroup analysis indicated that the overall survival is correlated with response to icotinib. CONCLUSIONS The sequence of first-line pemetrexed-based chemotherapy followed by icotinib treatment is a promising option for advanced lung adenocarcinoma with UN-EGFR-GS in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Zheng
- 1 Department of Medical Oncology, 2 Department of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Weijia Fang
- 1 Department of Medical Oncology, 2 Department of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jing Deng
- 1 Department of Medical Oncology, 2 Department of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- 1 Department of Medical Oncology, 2 Department of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Nong Xu
- 1 Department of Medical Oncology, 2 Department of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jianying Zhou
- 1 Department of Medical Oncology, 2 Department of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
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Meader N, King K, Llewellyn A, Norman G, Brown J, Rodgers M, Moe-Byrne T, Higgins JP, Sowden A, Stewart G. A checklist designed to aid consistency and reproducibility of GRADE assessments: development and pilot validation. Syst Rev 2014; 3:82. [PMID: 25056145 PMCID: PMC4124503 DOI: 10.1186/2046-4053-3-82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 368] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The grading of recommendation, assessment, development and evaluation (GRADE) approach is widely implemented in health technology assessment and guideline development organisations throughout the world. GRADE provides a transparent approach to reaching judgements about the quality of evidence on the effects of a health care intervention, but is complex and therefore challenging to apply in a consistent manner. METHODS We developed a checklist to guide the researcher to extract the data required to make a GRADE assessment. We applied the checklist to 29 meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials on the effectiveness of health care interventions. Two reviewers used the checklist for each paper and used these data to rate the quality of evidence for a particular outcome. RESULTS For most (70%) checklist items, there was good agreement between reviewers. The main problems were for items relating to indirectness where considerable judgement is required. CONCLUSIONS There was consistent agreement between reviewers on most items in the checklist. The use of this checklist may be an aid to improving the consistency and reproducibility of GRADE assessments, particularly for inexperienced users or in rapid reviews without the resources to conduct assessments by two researchers independently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Meader
- Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK.
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Szejniuk WM, McCulloch T, Røe OD. Effective ultra-low doses of erlotinib in patients with EGFR sensitising mutation. BMJ Case Rep 2014; 2014:bcr2014204809. [PMID: 25056302 PMCID: PMC4112306 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2014-204809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe three cases of patients with advanced adenocarcinoma of the lung and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation treated with erlotinib 25 mg/day and 25 mg every second day, being equal to one-sixth and one-twelfth of the recommended dose. The mean age of our patients was above 70 with a WHO performance status 1 before and during the treatment. The reasons for erlotinib dose reduction were rash, diarrhoea and fatigue. The decision was a result of lack of other treatment options and radiological response on standard doses. We did not observe any liver enzyme abnormalities. However, the post-treatment creatinine increased significantly. As of February 2014, our patients are still on treatment with tolerable side effects and improved quality of life. These findings indicate that some patients responding to erlotinib with noxious side effects could have clinical benefit in doses much lower than recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Maria Szejniuk
- Department of Oncology, Aalborg University Hospital, Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Tine McCulloch
- Department of Oncology, Aalborg University Hospital, Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Oluf Dimitri Røe
- Department of Oncology, Aalborg University Hospital, Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg, Denmark
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Chen X, Zhu Q, Liu Y, Liu P, Yin Y, Guo R, Lu K, Gu Y, Liu L, Wang J, Wang Z, Røe OD, Shu Y, Zhu L. Icotinib is an active treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer: a retrospective study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95897. [PMID: 24836053 PMCID: PMC4023939 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Icotinib hydrochloride is a novel epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) with preclinical and clinical activity in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This retrospective analysis was performed to assess the efficacy of icotinib on patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS 82 consecutive patients treated with icotinib as first (n = 24) or second/third line (n = 58) treatment at three hospitals in Nanjing were enrolled into our retrospective research. The Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) was used to evaluate the tumor responses and the progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) was evaluated by the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS Median PFS was 4.0 months (95% CI 2.311-5.689). Median OS was 11.0 months (95% CI 8.537-13.463) in this cohort. Median PFS for first and second/third line were 7.0 months (95% CI 2.151-11.8) and 3.0 months (95% CI 1.042-4.958), respectively. Median OS for first and second/third line were 13.0 months (95% CI 10.305-15.695) and 10.0 months (95% CI 7.295-12.70), respectively. In patients with EGFR mutation (n = 19), icotinib significantly reduced the risk of progression (HR 0.36, 95% CI 0.18-0.70, p = 0.003) and death (HR 0.10, 95% CI 0.02-0.42, p = 0.002) compared with those EGFR status unknown (n = 63). The most common adverse events were acne-like rash (39.0%) and diarrhea (20.7%). CONCLUSIONS Icotinib is active in the treatment of patients with NSCLC both in first or second/third line, especially in those patients harbouring EGFR mutations, with an acceptable adverse event profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Chen
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Quan Zhu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yiqian Liu
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongmei Yin
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Renhua Guo
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kaihua Lu
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanhong Gu
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lianke Liu
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinghua Wang
- Department of Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaoxia Wang
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Oluf Dimitri Røe
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway, Cancer Clinic, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Health Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Yongqian Shu
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (YS); (LZ)
| | - Lingjun Zhu
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (YS); (LZ)
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Langer NH, Christensen TN, Langer SW, Kjaer A, Fischer BM. PET/CT in therapy evaluation of patients with lung cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2014; 14:595-620. [PMID: 24702537 DOI: 10.1586/14737140.2014.883280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
FDG-PET/CT is a well documented and widespread used imaging modality for the diagnosis and staging of patient with lung cancer. FDG-PET/CT is increasingly used for the assessment of treatment effects during and after chemotherapy. However, PET is not an accepted surrogate end-point for assessment of response rate in clinical trials. The aim of this review is to present current evidence on the use of PET in response evaluation of patients with lung cancer and to introduce the pearls and pitfalls of the PET-technology relating to response assessment. Based on this and relating to validation criteria, including stable technology, standardization, reproducibility and broad availability, the review discusses why, despite numerous studies on response assessment indicating a possible role for FDG-PET/CT, PET still has no place in guidelines relating to response evaluation in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Hemicke Langer
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Jin T, Jin J, Li X, Zhang S, Choi YH, Piao Y, Shen X, Lin Z. Prognostic implications of ezrin and phosphorylated ezrin expression in non-small cell lung cancer. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:191. [PMID: 24629131 PMCID: PMC3985600 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cytoskeletal organizer ezrin is a member of the ezrin-radixin-moesin (ERM) family and plays important roles in not only cell motility, cell adhesion, and apoptosis, but also in various cell signaling pathways. Phosphorylation at Thr-567 and Tyr-353 are key regulatory events in the transition of the dormant to active form of ezrin. This study investigated the prognostic implications of ezrin and phosphorylated ezrin (p-ezrin) expression in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). METHODS Ezrin and p-ezrin protein expressions were examined by immunohistochemistry in 150 NSCLC and adjacent non-tumor tissues and 14 normal lung tissues. qRT-PCR was used to determine ezrin mRNA expression levels in fresh tissues. The correlations between overexpression of ezrin and p-ezrin and the clinicopathological features of NSCLC were analyzed. The survival rates were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method for 108 NSCLC cases. RESULTS Ezrin and ezrinThr-567 proteins showed cytosolic and membranous staining patterns; however, ezrinTyr-353 protein only showed cytosolic staining. Ezrin and p-ezrin were significantly upregulated in NSCLC compared with the normal counterparts. Increased ezrin, ezrinThr-567, and ezrinTyr-353 levels were correlated with the late stage and poor differentiation of NSCLC. However, only ezrinThr-567 was correlated with the presence of lymph node metastasis. In regard to survival, only ezrinThr-567 was related with the overall survival time of patients with NSCLC, and both ezrin and ezrinThr-567 were associated with shortened survival time for patients with early stage NSCLC. CONCLUSIONS Ezrin and p-ezrin, especially ezrinThr-567, may prove to be useful as a novel prognostic biomarker of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Xionghu Shen
- Department of Pathology & Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji 133002, China.
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Ginkgo biloba extract decreases non-small cell lung cancer cell migration by downregulating metastasis-associated factor heat-shock protein 27. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91331. [PMID: 24618684 PMCID: PMC3950153 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat-shock proteins (HSPs) are molecular chaperones that protect proteins from damage. HSP27 expression is associated with cancer transformation and invasion. Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb761), the most widely sold herbal supplement, has antiangiogenic effects and induces tumor apoptosis. Data regarding the effect of EGb761 on HSP expression is limited, particularly in cancer. HSP27 expression in paired tumors and normal lung tissues of 64 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were detected by real-time PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. NSCLC cell lines (A549/H441) were used to examine the migratory abilities in vitro. NSCLC tissue showed higher HSP27 expression than normal lung tissue. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed that NSCLC patients with low HSP27 expression ratio (<1) had significantly longer survival time than those with a high expression ratio (>1) (p = 0.04). EGb761 inhibited HSP27 expression and migratory ability of A549/H441 cells, which is the same as HSP27-siRNA transfection effect. Moreover, EGb761 treatment activated the AKT and p38 pathways and did not affect the expression of PI3K, ERK, and JNK pathways. HSP27 is a poor prognostic indicator of NSCLC. EGb761 can decrease the migration ability of A549/H441 by inhibiting HSP27 expression most likely through AKT and p38 MAPK pathways activation.
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Development and validation of a UPLC–MS/MS assay for the quantification of simotinib in human plasma. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:1799-805. [PMID: 24408299 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7570-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Park JJ, Lee M. Increasing the α 2, 6 sialylation of glycoproteins may contribute to metastatic spread and therapeutic resistance in colorectal cancer. Gut Liver 2013; 7:629-41. [PMID: 24312702 PMCID: PMC3848550 DOI: 10.5009/gnl.2013.7.6.629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Revised: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal glycosylation due to dysregulated glycosyltransferases and glycosidases is a key phenomenon of many malignancies, including colorectal cancer (CRC). In particular, increased ST6 Gal I (β-galactoside α 2, 6 sialyltransferase) and subsequently elevated levels of cell-surface α 2, 6-linked sialic acids have been associated with metastasis and therapeutic failure in CRC. As many CRC patients experience metastasis to the liver or lung and fail to respond to curative therapies, intensive research efforts have sought to identify the molecular changes underlying CRC metastasis. ST6 Gal I has been shown to facilitate CRC metastasis, and we believe that additional investigations into the involvement of ST6 Gal I in CRC could facilitate the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic targets. This review summarizes how ST6 Gal I has been implicated in the altered expression of sialylated glycoproteins, which have been linked to CRC metastasis, radioresistance, and chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Jin Park
- Division of Life Science, Korea University College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Seoul, Korea
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High cofilin-1 levels correlate with cisplatin resistance in lung adenocarcinomas. Tumour Biol 2013; 35:1233-8. [PMID: 24018823 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1164-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
High cofilin-1 levels have been shown to be an accurate prognostic biomarker in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and a predictive factor in drug resistance. Herein we explore the role of cofilin-1 in cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cisplatin) resistance. We evaluated cofilin-1 levels in intrinsically cisplatin-resistant A549 (ICR-A549) cells and determined the cisplatin toxicity in A549 cells transiently transfected and overexpressing CFL1 plasmid. Moreover, expression levels (activity) of the CFL1 gene network were analyzed in a cisplatin-resistant human lung adenocarcinoma cell panel. ICR-A549 cells, selected by challenging parental cells with 10-fold drug GI50 value, presented a sixfold increase in cisplatin GI50 value and an increased cofilin-1 immunocontent (P < 0.01). In addition, cells transfected with cofilin-1 became more resistant to cisplatin (P < 0.01). High activity of the CFL1 gene network was found in a cisplatin-resistant adenocarcinoma cell panel (P < 0.01). In vitro evidences suggest that cofilin-1 is a biological predictor of cisplatin resistance, supporting new treatment initiatives based on cofilin-1 levels to guide chemotherapeutic interventions in NSCLC patients.
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Are erlotinib and gefitinib interchangeable, opposite or complementary for non-small cell lung cancer treatment? Biological, pharmacological and clinical aspects. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2013; 89:300-13. [PMID: 24041630 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Gefitinib and erlotinib are the two anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) approved for treatment of advanced NSCLC patients. These drugs target one of the most important pathways in lung carcinogenesis and are able to exploit the phenomenon of 'oncogene addiction', with different efficacy according to EGFR gene mutational status in tumor samples. Gefitinib has been approved only for EGFR mutation bearing patients regardless the line of treatment, while erlotinib is also indicated in patients without EGFR mutation who undergo second- or third-line treatment. Some studies evaluated the main differences between these drugs both for direct comparison and to improve their sequential use. In particular, toxicity profile resulted partially different, and these observations may be explained by several molecular and pharmacokinetic features. Therefore, this review integrates preclinical data with clinical evidences of TKIs to guide the optimization of currently available treatments in advanced NSCLC patients.
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Stintzing S, Lenz HJ. Protein kinase inhibitors in metastatic colorectal cancer. Let's pick patients, tumors, and kinase inhibitors to piece the puzzle together! Expert Opin Pharmacother 2013; 14:2203-20. [PMID: 23941461 DOI: 10.1517/14656566.2013.828694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Increased understanding in intracellular signaling pathways leading to carcinogenesis, proliferation, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, and anti-apoptosis of colorectal cancer cells has been critical for target identification and drug development. Specific protein kinase inhibitors (KIs) have been developed to block activated pathways associated with tumor growth and progression. Although showing promising activity in preclinical models, until now, the majority of KIs were not able to demonstrate clinically meaningful efficacy in Phase II/III trials. AREAS COVERED The major pathways altered in colorectal cancer will be highlighted, and molecularly defined targets will be discussed. The mechanisms of action and the proof of principle demonstrated in preclinical models of KIs and the disappointing efficacy in clinical trials will be reviewed. EXPERT OPINION Despite recent negative study results, KIs have the potential to be the next class of therapeutics in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. Molecular classification of the individual tumors and identification of molecular escape mechanisms for primary (intrinsic) and secondary resistances to KI treatment is critical to select the patients' most likely to benefit. Appropriate drug combinations based on those mechanisms of resistance have to be tested in selected patient populations to ensure progress and efficacy with the goal to lead to a clinically meaningful prolongation of patients' lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Stintzing
- Keck School of Medicine, USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sharon Carpenter Laboratory , 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Room 3456, Los Angeles, CA 90033 , USA
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Fehniger TE, Végvári Á, Rezeli M, Döme B, Tímár J, Marko-Varga G. International biobanking for lung cancer and COPD as the future resource for clinical protein research. EUPA OPEN PROTEOMICS 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.euprot.2013.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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