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Pinki F, Costello DA, Stewart G. Regional investigation of UT-B urea transporters in the rat brain. Biochem Biophys Rep 2023; 36:101563. [PMID: 37929290 PMCID: PMC10624589 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2023.101563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have reported increased levels of urea in the aging brain and various neurological disorders. Additionally, these diseased tissues also have increased expression of the UT-B transporter that regulates urea transport in the brain. However, little is known regarding the actual UT-B protein distribution across the brain in either normal or diseased states. This current study investigated UT-B protein abundance across three regions of the rat brain - anterior, posterior and cerebellum. Endpoint RT-PCR experiments showed that there were no regional differences in UT-B RNA expression (NS, N = 3, ANOVA), whilst Western blotting confirmed no difference in the abundance of a 35 kDa UT-B protein (NS, N = 3-4, ANOVA). In contrast, there was a significant variation in a non-UT-B 100 kDa protein (P < 0.001, N = 3-4, ANOVA), which was also detected by anti-UT-B antibodies. Using the C6 rat astrocyte cell line, Western blot analysis showed that 48-h incubation in either 5 mM or 10 mM significantly increased a 30-45 kDa UT-B protein signal (P < 0.05, N = 3, ANOVA). Furthermore, investigation of compartmentalized C6 protein samples showed the 30-45 kDa signal in the membrane fraction, whilst the 100 kDa non-UT-B signal was predominantly in the cytosolic fraction. Finally, immunolocalization studies gave surprisingly weak detection of rat UT-B, except for strong staining of red blood cells in the cerebellum. In conclusion, this study confirmed that RNA expression and protein abundance of UT-B were equal across all regions of the rat brain, suggesting that urea levels were also similar. However, it also highlighted some of the technical challenges of studying urea transporters at the protein level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhana Pinki
- UCD School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Derek A Costello
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
- UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Gavin Stewart
- UCD School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
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O'Connell N, Moore RA, Stewart G, Fisher E, Hearn L, Eccleston C, Wewege M, De C Williams AC. Trials We Cannot Trust: Investigating Their Impact on Systematic Reviews and Clinical Guidelines in Spinal Pain. J Pain 2023; 24:2103-2130. [PMID: 37453533 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
We previously conducted an exploration of the trustworthiness of a group of clinical trials of cognitive-behavioral therapy and exercise in spinal pain. We identified multiple concerns in 8 trials, judging them untrustworthy. In this study, we systematically explored the impact of these trials ("index trials") on results, conclusions, and recommendations of systematic reviews and clinical practice guidelines (CPGs). We conducted forward citation tracking using Google Scholar and the citationchaser tool, searched the Guidelines International Network library and National Institute of Health and Care Excellence archive to June 2022 to identify systematic reviews and CPGs. We explored how index trials impacted their findings. Where reviews presented meta-analyses, we extracted or conducted sensitivity analyses for the outcomes of pain and disability, to explore how the exclusion of index trials affected effect estimates. We developed and applied an 'Impact Index' to categorize the extent to which index studies impacted their results. We included 32 unique reviews and 10 CPGs. None directly raised concerns regarding the veracity of the trials. Across meta-analyses (55 comparisons), the removal of index trials reduced effect sizes by a median of 58% (Inter Quartlie Range (IQR) 40-74). 85% of comparisons were classified as highly, 3% as moderately, and 11% as minimally impacted. Nine out of 10 reviews conducting narrative synthesis drew positive conclusions regarding the intervention tested. Nine out of 10 CPGs made positive recommendations for the intervention(s) evaluated. This cohort of trials, with concerns regarding trustworthiness, has substantially impacted the results of systematic reviews and guideline recommendations. PERSPECTIVE: We found that a group of trials of CBT for spinal pain with concerns relating to their trustworthiness has had substantial impacts on the analyses and conclusions of systematic reviews and clinical practice guidelines. This highlights the need for a greater focus on the trustworthiness of studies in evidence appraisal. PRE-REGISTRATION: Our protocol was preregistered on the Open Science Framework: https://osf.io/m92ax/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil O'Connell
- Centre for Health and Wellbeing Across the Lifecourse, Department of Health Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | | | - Gavin Stewart
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle, UK
| | - Emma Fisher
- Centre for Pain Research, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, UK
| | - Leslie Hearn
- Cochrane Pain, Palliative and Supportive Care Review Group, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, UK
| | - Christopher Eccleston
- Centre for Pain Research, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, UK; Department of Psychology, University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Belgium, Finland
| | - Michael Wewege
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Centre for Pain IMPACT, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Amanda C De C Williams
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational & Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
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3
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Ferraro MC, Moore RA, de C Williams AC, Fisher E, Stewart G, Ferguson MC, Eccleston C, O'Connell NE. Characteristics of retracted publications related to pain research: a systematic review. Pain 2023; 164:2397-2404. [PMID: 37310441 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Retraction is a mechanism for correcting the scientific record and alerts readers when a study contains unreliable or flawed data. Such data may arise from error or research misconduct. Studies examining the landscape of retracted publications provide insight into the extent of unreliable data and its effect on a medical discipline. We aimed to explore the extent and characteristics of retracted publications in pain research. We searched the EMBASE, PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Retraction Watch databases to December 31, 2022. We included retracted articles that (1) investigated mechanisms of painful conditions, (2) tested treatments that aimed to reduce pain, or (3) measured pain as an outcome. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise the included data. We included 389 pain articles published between 1993 and 2022 and retracted between 1996 and 2022. There was a significant upward trend in the number of retracted pain articles over time. Sixty-six percent of articles were retracted for reasons relating to misconduct. The median (interquartile range) time from article publication to retraction was 2 years (0.7-4.3). The time to retraction differed by reason for retraction, with data problems, comprising data falsification, duplication, and plagiarism, resulting in the longest interval (3 [1.2-5.2] years). Further investigations of retracted pain articles, including exploration of their fate postretraction, are necessary to determine the impact of unreliable data on pain research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Ferraro
- Centre for Pain IMPACT, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Amanda C de C Williams
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Fisher
- Centre for Pain Research, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
- Cochrane Pain, Palliative and Supportive Care Review Groups, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin Stewart
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | | | - Christopher Eccleston
- Centre for Pain Research, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
- Department of Health and Clinical Psychology, the University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Psychology, The University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Neil E O'Connell
- Department of Health Sciences, Centre for Wellbeing Across the Lifecourse, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
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Alexander SPH, Fabbro D, Kelly E, Mathie AA, Peters JA, Veale EL, Armstrong JF, Faccenda E, Harding SD, Davies JA, Amarosi L, Anderson CMH, Beart PM, Broer S, Dawson PA, Gyimesi G, Hagenbuch B, Hammond JR, Hancox JC, Hershfinkel M, Inui KI, Kanai Y, Kemp S, Kunji ERS, Stewart G, Tavoulari S, Thwaites DT, Verri T. The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2023/24: Transporters. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180 Suppl 2:S374-S469. [PMID: 38123156 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2023/24 is the sixth in this series of biennial publications. The Concise Guide provides concise overviews, mostly in tabular format, of the key properties of approximately 1800 drug targets, and over 6000 interactions with about 3900 ligands. There is an emphasis on selective pharmacology (where available), plus links to the open access knowledgebase source of drug targets and their ligands (https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/), which provides more detailed views of target and ligand properties. Although the Concise Guide constitutes almost 500 pages, the material presented is substantially reduced compared to information and links presented on the website. It provides a permanent, citable, point-in-time record that will survive database updates. The full contents of this section can be found at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.16182. Transporters are one of the six major pharmacological targets into which the Guide is divided, with the others being: G protein-coupled receptors, ion channels, nuclear hormone receptors, catalytic receptors and enzymes. These are presented with nomenclature guidance and summary information on the best available pharmacological tools, alongside key references and suggestions for further reading. The landscape format of the Concise Guide is designed to facilitate comparison of related targets from material contemporary to mid-2023, and supersedes data presented in the 2021/22, 2019/20, 2017/18, 2015/16 and 2013/14 Concise Guides and previous Guides to Receptors and Channels. It is produced in close conjunction with the Nomenclature and Standards Committee of the International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (NC-IUPHAR), therefore, providing official IUPHAR classification and nomenclature for human drug targets, where appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P H Alexander
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | | | - Eamonn Kelly
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Alistair A Mathie
- School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Suffolk, Ipswich, IP4 1QJ, UK
| | - John A Peters
- Neuroscience Division, Medical Education Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Emma L Veale
- School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Suffolk, Ipswich, IP4 1QJ, UK
| | - Jane F Armstrong
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Elena Faccenda
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Simon D Harding
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Jamie A Davies
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | | | | | - Philip M Beart
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stefan Broer
- Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Stephan Kemp
- Amsterdam University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Birkinshaw H, Friedrich CM, Cole P, Eccleston C, Serfaty M, Stewart G, White S, Moore RA, Phillippo D, Pincus T. Antidepressants for pain management in adults with chronic pain: a network meta-analysis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2023; 5:CD014682. [PMID: 37160297 PMCID: PMC10169288 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd014682.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic pain is common in adults, and often has a detrimental impact upon physical ability, well-being, and quality of life. Previous reviews have shown that certain antidepressants may be effective in reducing pain with some benefit in improving patients' global impression of change for certain chronic pain conditions. However, there has not been a network meta-analysis (NMA) examining all antidepressants across all chronic pain conditions. OBJECTIVES To assess the comparative efficacy and safety of antidepressants for adults with chronic pain (except headache). SEARCH METHODS We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, LILACS, AMED and PsycINFO databases, and clinical trials registries, for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of antidepressants for chronic pain conditions in January 2022. SELECTION CRITERIA We included RCTs that examined antidepressants for chronic pain against any comparator. If the comparator was placebo, another medication, another antidepressant, or the same antidepressant at different doses, then we required the study to be double-blind. We included RCTs with active comparators that were unable to be double-blinded (e.g. psychotherapy) but rated them as high risk of bias. We excluded RCTs where the follow-up was less than two weeks and those with fewer than 10 participants in each arm. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two review authors separately screened, data extracted, and judged risk of bias. We synthesised the data using Bayesian NMA and pairwise meta-analyses for each outcome and ranked the antidepressants in terms of their effectiveness using the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA). We primarily used Confidence in Meta-Analysis (CINeMA) and Risk of Bias due to Missing Evidence in Network meta-analysis (ROB-MEN) to assess the certainty of the evidence. Where it was not possible to use CINeMA and ROB-MEN due to the complexity of the networks, we used GRADE to assess the certainty of the evidence. Our primary outcomes were substantial (50%) pain relief, pain intensity, mood, and adverse events. Our secondary outcomes were moderate pain relief (30%), physical function, sleep, quality of life, Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC), serious adverse events, and withdrawal. MAIN RESULTS This review and NMA included 176 studies with a total of 28,664 participants. The majority of studies were placebo-controlled (83), and parallel-armed (141). The most common pain conditions examined were fibromyalgia (59 studies); neuropathic pain (49 studies) and musculoskeletal pain (40 studies). The average length of RCTs was 10 weeks. Seven studies provided no useable data and were omitted from the NMA. The majority of studies measured short-term outcomes only and excluded people with low mood and other mental health conditions. Across efficacy outcomes, duloxetine was consistently the highest-ranked antidepressant with moderate- to high-certainty evidence. In duloxetine studies, standard dose was equally efficacious as high dose for the majority of outcomes. Milnacipran was often ranked as the next most efficacious antidepressant, although the certainty of evidence was lower than that of duloxetine. There was insufficient evidence to draw robust conclusions for the efficacy and safety of any other antidepressant for chronic pain. Primary efficacy outcomes Duloxetine standard dose (60 mg) showed a small to moderate effect for substantial pain relief (odds ratio (OR) 1.91, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.69 to 2.17; 16 studies, 4490 participants; moderate-certainty evidence) and continuous pain intensity (standardised mean difference (SMD) -0.31, 95% CI -0.39 to -0.24; 18 studies, 4959 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). For pain intensity, milnacipran standard dose (100 mg) also showed a small effect (SMD -0.22, 95% CI -0.39 to 0.06; 4 studies, 1866 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). Mirtazapine (30 mg) had a moderate effect on mood (SMD -0.5, 95% CI -0.78 to -0.22; 1 study, 406 participants; low-certainty evidence), while duloxetine showed a small effect (SMD -0.16, 95% CI -0.22 to -0.1; 26 studies, 7952 participants; moderate-certainty evidence); however it is important to note that most studies excluded participants with mental health conditions, and so average anxiety and depression scores tended to be in the 'normal' or 'subclinical' ranges at baseline already. Secondary efficacy outcomes Across all secondary efficacy outcomes (moderate pain relief, physical function, sleep, quality of life, and PGIC), duloxetine and milnacipran were the highest-ranked antidepressants with moderate-certainty evidence, although effects were small. For both duloxetine and milnacipran, standard doses were as efficacious as high doses. Safety There was very low-certainty evidence for all safety outcomes (adverse events, serious adverse events, and withdrawal) across all antidepressants. We cannot draw any reliable conclusions from the NMAs for these outcomes. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Our review and NMAs show that despite studies investigating 25 different antidepressants, the only antidepressant we are certain about for the treatment of chronic pain is duloxetine. Duloxetine was moderately efficacious across all outcomes at standard dose. There is also promising evidence for milnacipran, although further high-quality research is needed to be confident in these conclusions. Evidence for all other antidepressants was low certainty. As RCTs excluded people with low mood, we were unable to establish the effects of antidepressants for people with chronic pain and depression. There is currently no reliable evidence for the long-term efficacy of any antidepressant, and no reliable evidence for the safety of antidepressants for chronic pain at any time point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hollie Birkinshaw
- Department of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Peter Cole
- Oxford Pain Relief Unit, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | | | - Simon White
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Keele, UK
| | | | | | - Tamar Pincus
- Department of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Edward O'Connell
- Centre for Health and Wellbeing Across the Lifecourse, Department of Health Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Gavin Stewart
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Fisher
- Centre for Pain Research, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Leslie Hearn
- Cochrane Pain, Palliative and Supportive Care Review Group, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Amanda C de C Williams
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Williams ACDC, Hearn L, Moore RA, Stewart G, Fisher E, Eccleston C, O'Connell NE. Effective quality control in the medical literature: investigation and retraction vs inaction. J Clin Epidemiol 2023; 157:156-157. [PMID: 36863688 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2023.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda C de C Williams
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational & Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Leslie Hearn
- Cochrane Pain, Palliative and Supportive Care Review Group, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Gavin Stewart
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle, UK
| | | | | | - Neil E O'Connell
- Department of Health Sciences, Centre for Health and Wellbeing Across the Lifecourse, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
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Dev H, Lach R, Park G, Hanson R, Martin H, Lleshi E, Rossi S, Redmond A, Gnanapragasam V, Fitzgerald R, Stewart G, Massie C. Early detection assay using ctDNA methylation for hard-to-detect cases including prostate and renal cancer. Eur Urol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(23)00414-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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Sharma Waddington H, Wilson DB, Pigott T, Stewart G, Aloe AM, Tugwell P, Welch V. Quasi-experiments are a valuable source of evidence about effects of interventions, programs and policies: commentary from the Campbell Collaboration Study Design and Bias Assessment Working Group. J Clin Epidemiol 2022; 152:311-313. [PMID: 36356851 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2022.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hugh Sharma Waddington
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Department of Disease Control, Environmental Health Group, UK.
| | - David B Wilson
- Criminology, Law and Society Department, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Terri Pigott
- School of Public Health and the College of Education & Human Development, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gavin Stewart
- Modelling, Evidence & Policy Group, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Ariel M Aloe
- College of Education, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Peter Tugwell
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology & Community Medicine, Bruyère Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Mason D, Stewart G, Capp S, Happé F. Response to Rose and Michael; doi: 10.1089/aut.2022.0023. Autism Adulthood 2022; 4:176. [PMID: 36776271 PMCID: PMC9907860 DOI: 10.1089/aut.2022.0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Mason
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Address correspondence to: David Mason, MSc, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 de Crespigny Way, SE5 8AF London, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin Stewart
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simone Capp
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Happé
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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Challapalli A, Watkins S, Cogill G, Stewart G, Ellis S, Sykes A, Nobes J, Yip K, Barthakur U, Board R, Gadve A, O'Toole L, Kent C, Mackenzie J, Papa S, Fusi A, Fife K. Cemiplimab in advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: UK experience from the Named Patient Scheme. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2022; 36:e590-e592. [PMID: 35298050 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.18082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Challapalli
- University Hospitals Bristol & Weston NHS Foundation Trust
| | - S Watkins
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust
| | - G Cogill
- University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust
| | | | - S Ellis
- Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust
| | - A Sykes
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust
| | - J Nobes
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - K Yip
- East Suffolk and North Essex NHS Foundation Trust
| | | | - R Board
- Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - A Gadve
- NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde
| | - L O'Toole
- Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust
| | - C Kent
- University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust
| | | | - S Papa
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Studies, King's College London
| | - A Fusi
- St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - K Fife
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
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Zhong C, Griffin LL, Heussaff O, O’Dea R, Whelan C, Stewart G. Sex-Related Differences in UT-B Urea Transporter Abundance in Fallow Deer Rumen. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9020073. [PMID: 35202326 PMCID: PMC8878845 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9020073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Rumen studies have focused almost exclusively on livestock species under strictly regimented diets. This means that the ruminal condition of free-living and free-feeding wildlife remains practically unstudied. Urea nitrogen salvaging, a process by which urea is passed into the rumen, to both provide a valuable source of nitrogen for bacterial growth and to buffer the potentially harmful acidic effects of bacterial short chain fatty acids, has remained unexplored in wild ruminants, such as deer. UT-B2 transporters are the key proteins reported to facilitate the transepithelial ruminal urea transport. In this study, we investigate the expression, abundance and localisation of urea transporters in the rumen of a semi-wild fallow deer (Dama dama) population. Physical measurements confirmed that males had larger rumen than females, while adults had longer papillae than juveniles. Initial RT-PCR experiments confirmed the expression of UT-B2, while immunolocalisation studies revealed that strong UT-B staining was present in the stratum basale of deer rumen. Western blotting analysis demonstrated that a 50 kDa UT-B2 protein was significantly more abundant in adult females compared to adult males. This study confirms the presence of UT-B2 urea transporters in deer rumen and suggests that sex-related differences occur, bringing new insight into our understanding of rumen physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongliang Zhong
- School of Biology & Environmental Science, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland; (C.Z.); (L.L.G.); (O.H.); (R.O.); (C.W.)
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Laura L. Griffin
- School of Biology & Environmental Science, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland; (C.Z.); (L.L.G.); (O.H.); (R.O.); (C.W.)
| | - Orla Heussaff
- School of Biology & Environmental Science, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland; (C.Z.); (L.L.G.); (O.H.); (R.O.); (C.W.)
| | - Ruairi O’Dea
- School of Biology & Environmental Science, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland; (C.Z.); (L.L.G.); (O.H.); (R.O.); (C.W.)
| | - Conor Whelan
- School of Biology & Environmental Science, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland; (C.Z.); (L.L.G.); (O.H.); (R.O.); (C.W.)
| | - Gavin Stewart
- School of Biology & Environmental Science, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland; (C.Z.); (L.L.G.); (O.H.); (R.O.); (C.W.)
- Correspondence:
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Stewart G. Commentary on: Liebe, F., Liebe, H., Sponder, G., Mergler, S., Stumpff, F. "Effects of butyrate on ruminal Ca 2+ transport: evidence for the involvement of apically expressed TRPV3 and TRPV4 channels". Pflugers Arch 2022; 474:263-264. [PMID: 34993627 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-021-02660-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gavin Stewart
- School of Biology & Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Room 2.55, Science Centre West Building, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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Alexander SP, Kelly E, Mathie A, Peters JA, Veale EL, Armstrong JF, Faccenda E, Harding SD, Pawson AJ, Southan C, Davies JA, Amarosi L, Anderson CMH, Beart PM, Broer S, Dawson PA, Hagenbuch B, Hammond JR, Inui KI, Kanai Y, Kemp S, Stewart G, Thwaites DT, Verri T. THE CONCISE GUIDE TO PHARMACOLOGY 2021/22: Transporters. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178 Suppl 1:S412-S513. [PMID: 34529826 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2021/22 is the fifth in this series of biennial publications. The Concise Guide provides concise overviews, mostly in tabular format, of the key properties of nearly 1900 human drug targets with an emphasis on selective pharmacology (where available), plus links to the open access knowledgebase source of drug targets and their ligands (www.guidetopharmacology.org), which provides more detailed views of target and ligand properties. Although the Concise Guide constitutes over 500 pages, the material presented is substantially reduced compared to information and links presented on the website. It provides a permanent, citable, point-in-time record that will survive database updates. The full contents of this section can be found at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/bph.15543. Transporters are one of the six major pharmacological targets into which the Guide is divided, with the others being: G protein-coupled receptors, ion channels, nuclear hormone receptors, catalytic receptors and enzymes. These are presented with nomenclature guidance and summary information on the best available pharmacological tools, alongside key references and suggestions for further reading. The landscape format of the Concise Guide is designed to facilitate comparison of related targets from material contemporary to mid-2021, and supersedes data presented in the 2019/20, 2017/18, 2015/16 and 2013/14 Concise Guides and previous Guides to Receptors and Channels. It is produced in close conjunction with the Nomenclature and Standards Committee of the International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (NC-IUPHAR), therefore, providing official IUPHAR classification and nomenclature for human drug targets, where appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Ph Alexander
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Eamonn Kelly
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Alistair Mathie
- School of Engineering, Arts, Science and Technology, University of Suffolk, Ipswich, IP4 1QJ, UK
| | - John A Peters
- Neuroscience Division, Medical Education Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Emma L Veale
- Medway School of Pharmacy, The Universities of Greenwich and Kent at Medway, Anson Building, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Chatham, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Jane F Armstrong
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Elena Faccenda
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Simon D Harding
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Adam J Pawson
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Christopher Southan
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Jamie A Davies
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | | | | | - Philip Mark Beart
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stefan Broer
- Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Stephan Kemp
- Amsterdam University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Giles R, Nair R, Azawi N, Barber N, Bex A, Campi R, Capitanio U, Gatto F, Hakimi A, Järvinen P, Karam J, Ljungberg B, Lund L, Maddineni S, Marconi L, Master V, Minervini A, Nielsen T, Nisen H, Rochester M, Stewart G, Dabestani S. Patient perspective on serving on the steering committee of the AURORAX-0087A trial for non-metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Eur Urol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(21)00589-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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O'Dea RE, Lagisz M, Jennions MD, Koricheva J, Noble DWA, Parker TH, Gurevitch J, Page MJ, Stewart G, Moher D, Nakagawa S. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses in ecology and evolutionary biology: a PRISMA extension. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 96:1695-1722. [PMID: 33960637 PMCID: PMC8518748 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Since the early 1990s, ecologists and evolutionary biologists have aggregated primary research using meta-analytic methods to understand ecological and evolutionary phenomena. Meta-analyses can resolve long-standing disputes, dispel spurious claims, and generate new research questions. At their worst, however, meta-analysis publications are wolves in sheep's clothing: subjective with biased conclusions, hidden under coats of objective authority. Conclusions can be rendered unreliable by inappropriate statistical methods, problems with the methods used to select primary research, or problems within the primary research itself. Because of these risks, meta-analyses are increasingly conducted as part of systematic reviews, which use structured, transparent, and reproducible methods to collate and summarise evidence. For readers to determine whether the conclusions from a systematic review or meta-analysis should be trusted - and to be able to build upon the review - authors need to report what they did, why they did it, and what they found. Complete, transparent, and reproducible reporting is measured by 'reporting quality'. To assess perceptions and standards of reporting quality of systematic reviews and meta-analyses published in ecology and evolutionary biology, we surveyed 208 researchers with relevant experience (as authors, reviewers, or editors), and conducted detailed evaluations of 102 systematic review and meta-analysis papers published between 2010 and 2019. Reporting quality was far below optimal and approximately normally distributed. Measured reporting quality was lower than what the community perceived, particularly for the systematic review methods required to measure trustworthiness. The minority of assessed papers that referenced a guideline (~16%) showed substantially higher reporting quality than average, and surveyed researchers showed interest in using a reporting guideline to improve reporting quality. The leading guideline for improving reporting quality of systematic reviews is the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Here we unveil an extension of PRISMA to serve the meta-analysis community in ecology and evolutionary biology: PRISMA-EcoEvo (version 1.0). PRISMA-EcoEvo is a checklist of 27 main items that, when applicable, should be reported in systematic review and meta-analysis publications summarising primary research in ecology and evolutionary biology. In this explanation and elaboration document, we provide guidance for authors, reviewers, and editors, with explanations for each item on the checklist, including supplementary examples from published papers. Authors can consult this PRISMA-EcoEvo guideline both in the planning and writing stages of a systematic review and meta-analysis, to increase reporting quality of submitted manuscripts. Reviewers and editors can use the checklist to assess reporting quality in the manuscripts they review. Overall, PRISMA-EcoEvo is a resource for the ecology and evolutionary biology community to facilitate transparent and comprehensively reported systematic reviews and meta-analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose E O'Dea
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Malgorzata Lagisz
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Michael D Jennions
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, 46 Sullivans Creek Road, Canberra, 2600, Australia
| | - Julia Koricheva
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, U.K
| | - Daniel W A Noble
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.,Research School of Biology, Australian National University, 46 Sullivans Creek Road, Canberra, 2600, Australia
| | - Timothy H Parker
- Department of Biology, Whitman College, Walla Walla, WA, 99362, U.S.A
| | - Jessica Gurevitch
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-5245, U.S.A
| | - Matthew J Page
- School of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Gavin Stewart
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - David Moher
- Centre for Journalology, Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, General Campus, 501 Smyth Road, Room L1288, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Shinichi Nakagawa
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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Birkinshaw H, Friedrich C, Cole P, Eccleston C, Serfaty M, Stewart G, White S, Moore RA, Pincus T. Antidepressants for pain management in adults with chronic pain: a network meta-analysis. Hippokratia 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd014682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Peter Cole
- Oxford Pain Relief Unit; Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust; Oxford UK
| | | | | | | | - Simon White
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering; Keele University; Keele UK
| | | | - Tamar Pincus
- Department of Psychology; Royal Holloway University of London; Egham UK
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Al-Mousawi H, O'Mara M, Stewart G. Identification of the HT-29 cell line as a model for investigating MCT1 transporters in sigmoid colon adenocarcinoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 529:218-223. [PMID: 32703414 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
MCT1 transporters play a crucial role in the symbiotic relationship between humans and their colonic microbiome by facilitating the transport of bacteria-derived short chain fatty acids. Expression of colonic MCT1 transporters, localized in surface epithelial cells, is regulated by luminal butyrate levels. However, MCT1 also transports lactate and can be used by cancer cells to facilitate anaerobic glycolysis. Using immunolocalization techniques, this study investigated whether changes in MCT1 during cancer varied between different colonic regions. Whilst MCT1 abundance did not significantly change in transverse colon adenocarcinoma (P = 0.363, N = 6, paired T-Test), there was an increase in MCT1 in sigmoid colon adenocarcinoma (P = 0.010, N = 21, paired T-test). Using RT-PCR and western blotting, three human intestinal cell lines were tested for their suitability as a MCT1 cancer cell model. Experiments with Caco-2 cells confirmed that they modelled normal cells, with MCT1 only expressed after exposure to butyrate. In contrast, MCT1 was expressed in the absence of butyrate in both HCT-8 and HT-29 cell lines, with consistently high levels of MCT1 protein being present in HT-29 cells. Furthermore, butyrate treatment of HT-29 cells significantly decreased both MCT1 protein abundance (P < 0.001, N = 4, unpaired T-test) and glycosylation of its' chaperone protein, CD147 (P < 0.001, N = 4, unpaired T-test). These data suggest that (i) MCT1 transporter abundance increases in sigmoid colon adenocarcinoma, and (ii) HT-29 cells are an appropriate cell model with which to investigate MCT1 function in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hashemeya Al-Mousawi
- School of Biology & Environmental Science, Science Centre West, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Maurice O'Mara
- School of Biology & Environmental Science, Science Centre West, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Gavin Stewart
- School of Biology & Environmental Science, Science Centre West, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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Zhong C, Stewart G. Localization of UT‐B Urea Transporter in the Developing Bovine Rumen. FASEB J 2020. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.01794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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20
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Harapoz M, Evans S, Geenty P, Kwok F, Stewart G, Taylor M, Farlow D, Thomas L. 397a Quantitative 99mTc-DPD Scintigraphy Correlation with Structural and Functional Changes on Echocardiography in Transthyretin Amyloidosis. Heart Lung Circ 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2020.09.939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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21
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Harapoz M, Evans S, Geenty P, Kwok F, Stewart G, Taylor M, Farlow D, Thomas L. Echocardiographic Right Ventricular Changes and Correlation with 99mTc-DPD Scintigraphy in Transthyretin Amyloidosis. Heart Lung Circ 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2020.09.338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Geenty P, Sivapathan S, Deshmukh T, Brown P, Boyd A, Kwok F, Richards D, Altman M, Stewart G, Thomas L. P309 The use of echocardiographic parameters to predict clinical outcomes in AL-amyloidosis cardiomyopathy. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jez319.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
AL-amyloidosis has a rapid clinical progression, with cardiac involvement associated with a particularly poor prognosis. Cardiac amyloidosis is diagnosed by either invasive biopsy or conventional echocardiographic parameters such as increased wall thickness, in the absence of other causes. More recently, novel parameters including 2D longitudinal strain have demonstrated diagnostic utility in a range of infiltrative cardiomyopathies including cardiac amyloidosis.
Aim/Method: We sought to evaluate traditional and novel echocardiographic parameters in their ability to predict adverse outcomes in a cohort of AL-amyloid patients. 80 patients who had transthoracic echocardiograms at a single centre were included. Comprehensive echocardiographic assessment was performed, including left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), LV Global Longitudinal Strain (GLS), LV mass (indexed to BSA). The primary endpoint was a composite of of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) and all-cause mortality, that was assessed by interrogation of the medical records on a specified censor date.
Results
At a mean follow-up (time from echo to censor date) of 5.4 ± 2.6years, 38/80 (47.5%) of patients experienced the primary endpoint of MACE or death, of which 25/80 (31%) were deaths. LVEF (59 ± 5.6%vs56 ± 6.4%, p = 0.04), GLS (17.4 ± 3.9%vs14.8 ± 4.9%, p = 0.01) basal longitudinal strain (12.3 ± 3.2%vs9.6 ± 3.9%, p = 0.002), indexed LV mass (107 ± 36g/m2vs130 ± 34g/m2, p = 0.06) and E/E’ (13.7 ± 4.9vs20.6 ± 9.6, p < 0.001) were all significantly different between patients who experienced the primary endpoint and those that didn’t. The strongest predictors of outcome were E/E’ (AUC 0.74), LV mass (AUC 0.73) and the ratio GLS:LV mass (AUC 0.73). An E/E’ of 15 had a sensitivity of 71% and specificity of 69%, while an indexed LV mass of 108 had a sensitivity and specificity of 74% and 67% respectively. GLS to LV mass as a cutoff of 0.16 had a sensitivity and specificity of 70% and 69% respectively.
Conclusion
In a cohort of 80 patients with AL-amyloid cardiomyopathy, almost half (47.5%) reached the primary composite endpoint. Diastolic dysfunction as expressed as E/E’, and LV mass were the most powerful predictors of outcome, while global longitudinal strain and LV basal strain were also reduced, and showed superiority over LV ejection fraction in predicting prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Geenty
- Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | - P Brown
- Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - A Boyd
- Westmead Private Hospital, Cardiology Department, Sydney, Australia
| | - F Kwok
- Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - D Richards
- Westmead Private Hospital, Cardiology Department, Sydney, Australia
| | - M Altman
- Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - G Stewart
- Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - L Thomas
- Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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Geenty P, Shivapathan S, Deshmukh T, Brown P, Boyd A, Taylor M, Kwok F, Altman M, Richards D, Stewart G, Thomas L. P1543 The assessment of regional myocardial strain in classifying amyloid cardiomyopathy. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jez319.964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
An infiltrative cardiomyopathy is a common manifestation of AL-amyloidosis, with cardiac involvement associated with a poor prognosis. Wild-type transthyretin amyloidosis (wt-TTR), is a distinct clinical entity occurring predominantly in men > 65 yrs, that has gained interest recently due to novel treatment options. Regional strain analysis has been shown to discriminate both forms of cardiac amyloidosis from other causes of concentric left ventricular hypertrophy, with a characteristic pattern of ‘apical sparing’. Due to the significant difference in both the course of the disease and treatment options between groups, a non-invasive echocardiographic method of determining subtype would be valuable.
Aim/Method: We sought to compare traditional and novel echocardiographic parameters in a cohort of AL ( n = 80) and wild type (wt-TTR) amyloid ( n = 32) patients. All amyloid patients underwent comprehensive transthoracic echocardiography, including both conventional parameters and LV longitudinal strain. Further novel parameters were computed including the ratio of global longitudinal strain (GLS) to LV ejection fraction (LVEF), as well as GLS to indexed LV mass.
Results
wt-TTR patients had significantly greater LV mass (176 ± 59g/m2vs118 ± 37g/m2, p < 0.001), and worse diastolic dysfunction as expressed as E/E’ (21.5 ± 11vs17 ± 8, p = 0.04). LVEF was significantly lower in wt-TTR patients however remained in the normal range in both groups (53 ± 6%vs57 ± 6%, p = 0.001), whilst GLS was significantly reduced compared to AL-amyloid patients (11.5 ± 3.4%vs16.2 ± 4.6%, p < 0.001). LVEF:GLS was significantly higher in wt-TTR patients (4.93 ± 1.4vs3.87 ± 1.3, p = 0.001) reflecting a more profound reduction in strain with a relatively preserved ejection fraction. Similarly, the ratio of GLS to LV mass was significantly lower in wt-TTR amyloidosis (0.078 ± 0.05vs0.155 ± 0.07, p < 0.001), reflecting a more significant reduction in strain for a given wall thickness in wt-TTR patients. GLS:LV mass was the strongest discriminator between subtypes (AUC 0.82), with a cutoff of 0.09 giving a sensitivity and specificity of 71% and 80% respectively, for detecting wt-TTR.
Conclusion
In this cohort, patients with wt-TTR had significantly greater increase in LV wall thickness and diastolic dysfunction, which may in part reflect their increased age (77vs62). However, GLS was also significantly reduced compared to AL-amyloid, even when accounting for LV ejection fraction and LV mass, suggesting these composite parameters may have value in determining the subtype of cardiac amyloidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Geenty
- Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | - P Brown
- Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - A Boyd
- Westmead Private Hospital, Cardiology Department, Sydney, Australia
| | - M Taylor
- Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - F Kwok
- Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - M Altman
- Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - D Richards
- Westmead Private Hospital, Cardiology Department, Sydney, Australia
| | - G Stewart
- Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - L Thomas
- Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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Harapoz M, Evans S, Geenty P, Kwok F, Stewart G, Taylor M, Farlow D, Thomas L. 313 Correlation of Quantitative Tc-99m DPD Scintigraphy with Structural and Functional Changes on Echocardiography in Transthyretin Amyloidosis. Heart Lung Circ 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2020.09.320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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Abstract
Facilitative UT-B urea transporters play important physiological roles in numerous tissues, including the urino-genital tract. Previous studies have shown that urothelial UT-B transporters are crucial to bladder function in a variety of mammalian species. Using the RT4 bladder urothelial cell line, this study investigated the potential osmotic regulation of human UT-B transporters. Initial end-point PCR experiments confirmed expression of both UT-B1 and UT-B2 transcripts in RT4 cells. Western blotting analysis revealed glycosylated UT-B protein to be highly abundant and immunolocalization experiments showed it was predominantly located on the plasma membrane. Further PCR experiments suggested that a 48 hr, NaCl-induced raise in external osmolality increased expression of UT-B transcripts. Importantly, these NaCl-induced changes also significantly increased UT-B protein abundance (p < .01, n = 7, ANOVA), whereas mannitol-induced changes in external osmolality had no effect (NS, n = 4, ANOVA). Finally, similar increases in both UT-B RNA expression and protein abundance were observed with urea-induced changes to external osmolality (p < .05, n = 4, ANOVA). In conclusion, these findings strongly suggest that increases in external osmolality, via either NaCl or urea, can regulate human urothelial UT-B transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Farrell
- School of Biology & Environmental ScienceScience Centre WestUniversity College DublinDublin 4Ireland
| | - Gavin Stewart
- School of Biology & Environmental ScienceScience Centre WestUniversity College DublinDublin 4Ireland
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Stewart G, Sage A, Martinez V, Enfield K, Lam W. P2.03-47 Deregulation of a Novel Cis-Acting lncRNA in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer May Control HMGA1 Expression. J Thorac Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.08.1494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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27
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Lorton CM, Griffin O, Higgins K, Roulston F, Stewart G, Gough N, Barnes E, Aktas A, Walsh TD. Late referral of cancer patients with malnutrition to dietitians: a prospective study of clinical practice. Support Care Cancer 2019; 28:2351-2360. [PMID: 31485981 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-019-05042-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Malnutrition (MN) in cancer is common but underdiagnosed. Dietitian referrals may not occur until MN is established. We investigated cancer patient characteristics (demographics, nutritional status, and nutrition barriers) on referral to oncology dietitians. We also examined referral practices and prevalence of missed referral opportunities. METHODS This was a naturalistic multi-site study of clinical practice. Data from consecutive referrals were collected in inpatient and outpatient settings. Demographics, nutritional status (weight, body mass index (BMI), weight loss in the preceding 3-6 months, oral intake, nutrition barriers), referral reasons, and use of screening were recorded. Missed opportunities for earlier referral were also noted. RESULTS Two hundred patients were included (60% male, 51% inpatients). Half had gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary cancers. The majority were on antitumor treatment. Two-thirds had lost ≥ 5% body weight. Forty percent were overweight or obese. Seventy percent had ≥ 2 nutritional barriers. Most common nutrition barriers were anorexia, nausea, and early satiety. Greater weight loss and lower food intake were associated with ≥ 2 barriers. Weight loss was the most common referral reason. Screening was used in 35%. Referrals should have occurred sooner in nearly half (45%, n = 89). CONCLUSIONS Cancer patients were referred late to a dietitian, with multiple nutritional barriers. Most referrals were for established weight loss (WL). WL may be masked by pre-existing obesity. Almost half had missed earlier referral opportunities; screening was infrequent. Over one-quarter should have been re-referred sooner. There is a clear need for clinician education. Future research should investigate the optimal timing of dietitian referral and the best nutrition screening tools for use in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cliona M Lorton
- Academic Department of Palliative Medicine, Our Lady's Hospice & Care Services, Harold's Cross, Dublin, D6W EV82, Ireland.
- Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - O Griffin
- Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - K Higgins
- Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - F Roulston
- St Luke's Radiation Oncology Network, Dublin, Ireland
| | - G Stewart
- St Vincent's Private Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - N Gough
- Mater Private Mid-Western Radiation Oncology Centre, Limerick, Ireland
| | - E Barnes
- St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A Aktas
- Department of Supportive Oncology, Levine Cancer Institute, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - T D Walsh
- Academic Department of Palliative Medicine, Our Lady's Hospice & Care Services, Harold's Cross, Dublin, D6W EV82, Ireland
- Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Supportive Oncology, Levine Cancer Institute, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC, USA
- University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Yoo J, Shah F, Velangi S, Stewart G, Hague J, Scarisbrick J. Three cases of new diagnosis of mycosis fungoides following commencement on biologic therapies for presumed psoriasis/eczema. Eur J Cancer 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(19)30625-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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29
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Geenty P, Sivapathan S, Deshmukh T, Boyd A, Brown P, Altman M, Kwok F, Stewart G, Richards D, Thomas L. Right Ventricular Dysfunction in AL-Amyloidosis Cardiomyopathy. Heart Lung Circ 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2019.06.318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin Stewart
- Evidence synthesis lab, Modelling evidence and policy group, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Jessica Ward
- Modelling evidence and policy group, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK
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Yoo J, Shah F, Velangi S, Stewart G, Scarisbrick JS. Secukinumab for treatment of psoriasis: does secukinumab precipitate or promote the presentation of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma? Clin Exp Dermatol 2018; 44:414-417. [PMID: 30284290 DOI: 10.1111/ced.13777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Secukinumab is an interleukin (IL)-17 monoclonal antibody inhibiting T-helper (Th)1-mediated immune response. It has proven high efficacy for moderate to severe psoriasis but data on its long-term toxicities are limited. We describe two patients who received secukinumab for clinically presumed psoriasis, but were subsequently diagnosed with mycosis fungoides (MF) following skin biopsies triggered by skin deterioration while on secukinumab. Previous studies suggested decreased numbers of regulatory T cells (Tregs) with increasing stage of MF, which may lead to the shift in the Treg/Th17 balance towards the Th17 pathway. Theoretically, the use of IL-17 monoclonal antibodies to inhibit Th17 pathway may lead to further immunosuppression and disease progression in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) by shifting the balance towards Tregs, although this hypothesis has not been proven. With uncertainty over the role of IL-17 and Treg/Th17 as well as diagnostic challenges in CTCL, we recommend that patients should have a confirmatory skin biopsy prior to the commencement of biologic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Yoo
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - F Shah
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - S Velangi
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - G Stewart
- Department of Dermatology, Corbett Hospital, Stourbridge, UK
| | - J S Scarisbrick
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Sage A, Stewart G, Rowbotham D, Enfield K, Marshall E, Martinez V, Anderson C, Lam W. MA24.07 A Novel cis-Acting lncRNA Controls HMGA1 Expression in Lung Adenocarcinoma. J Thorac Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2018.08.525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Sage A, Ng K, Marshall E, Enfield K, Stewart G, Martin S, Minatel B, Brown C, Abraham N, Lam W. MA24.06 Long Non-Coding Rna Expression Patterns Delineate Infiltrating Immune Cells in the Lung Tumour Microenvironment. J Thorac Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2018.08.524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Fisher E, Law E, Dudeney J, Palermo TM, Stewart G, Eccleston C. Psychological therapies for the management of chronic and recurrent pain in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018; 9:CD003968. [PMID: 30270423 PMCID: PMC6257251 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd003968.pub5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This is an update of the original Cochrane review first published in Issue 1, 2003, and previously updated in 2009, 2012 and 2014. Chronic pain, defined as pain that recurs or persists for more than three months, is common in childhood. Chronic pain can affect nearly every aspect of daily life and is associated with disability, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. OBJECTIVES The aim of this review was to update the published evidence on the efficacy of psychological treatments for chronic and recurrent pain in children and adolescents.The primary objective of this updated review was to determine any effect of psychological therapy on the clinical outcomes of pain intensity and disability for chronic and recurrent pain in children and adolescents compared with active treatment, waiting-list, or treatment-as-usual care.The secondary objective was to examine the impact of psychological therapies on children's depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms, and determine adverse events. SEARCH METHODS Searches were undertaken of CENTRAL, MEDLINE, MEDLINE in Process, Embase, and PsycINFO databases. We searched for further RCTs in the references of all identified studies, meta-analyses, and reviews, and trial registry databases. The most recent search was conducted in May 2018. SELECTION CRITERIA RCTs with at least 10 participants in each arm post-treatment comparing psychological therapies with active treatment, treatment-as-usual, or waiting-list control for children or adolescents with recurrent or chronic pain were eligible for inclusion. We excluded trials conducted remotely via the Internet. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We analysed included studies and we assessed quality of outcomes. We combined all treatments into one class named 'psychological treatments'. We separated the trials by the number of participants that were included in each arm; trials with > 20 participants per arm versus trials with < 20 participants per arm. We split pain conditions into headache and mixed chronic pain conditions. We assessed the impact of both conditions on four outcomes: pain, disability, depression, and anxiety. We extracted data at two time points; post-treatment (immediately or the earliest data available following end of treatment) and at follow-up (between three and 12 months post-treatment). MAIN RESULTS We identified 10 new studies (an additional 869 participants) in the updated search. The review thus included a total of 47 studies, with 2884 children and adolescents completing treatment (mean age 12.65 years, SD 2.21 years). Twenty-three studies addressed treatments for headache (including migraine); 10 for abdominal pain; two studies treated participants with either a primary diagnosis of abdominal pain or irritable bowel syndrome, two studies treated adolescents with fibromyalgia, two studies included adolescents with temporomandibular disorders, three were for the treatment of pain associated with sickle cell disease, and two studies treated adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease. Finally, three studies included adolescents with mixed pain conditions. Overall, we judged the included studies to be at unclear or high risk of bias.Children with headache painWe found that psychological therapies reduced pain frequency post-treatment for children and adolescents with headaches (risk ratio (RR) 2.35, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.67 to 3.30, P < 0.01, number needed to treat for an additional beneficial outcome (NNTB) = 2.86), but these effects were not maintained at follow-up. We did not find a beneficial effect of psychological therapies on reducing disability in young people post-treatment (SMD -0.26, 95% CI -0.56 to 0.03), but we did find a beneficial effect in a small number of studies at follow-up (SMD -0.34, 95% CI -0.54 to -0.15). We found no beneficial effect of psychological interventions on depression or anxiety symptoms.Children with mixed pain conditionsWe found that psychological therapies reduced pain intensity post-treatment for children and adolescents with mixed pain conditions (SMD -0.43, 95% CI -0.67 to -0.19, P < 0.01), but these effects were not maintained at follow-up. We did find beneficial effects of psychological therapies on reducing disability for young people with mixed pain conditions post-treatment (SMD -0.34, 95% CI -0.54 to -0.15) and at follow-up (SMD -0.27, 95% CI -0.49 to -0.06). We found no beneficial effect of psychological interventions on depression symptoms. In contrast, we found a beneficial effect on anxiety at post-treatment in children with mixed pain conditions (SMD -0.16, 95% CI -0.29 to -0.03), but this was not maintained at follow-up.Across all pain conditions, we found that adverse events were reported in seven trials, of which two studies reported adverse events that were study-related.Quality of evidenceWe found the quality of evidence for all outcomes to be low or very low, mostly downgraded for unexplained heterogeneity, limitations in study design, imprecise and sparse data, or suspicion of publication bias. This means our confidence in the effect estimate is limited: the true effect may be substantially different from the estimate of the effect, or we have very little confidence in the effect estimate; or the true effect is likely to be substantially different from the estimate of effect. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Psychological treatments delivered predominantly face-to-face might be effective for reducing pain outcomes for children and adolescents with headache or other chronic pain conditions post-treatment. However, there were no effects at follow-up. Psychological therapies were also beneficial for reducing disability in children with mixed chronic pain conditions at post-treatment and follow-up, and for children with headache at follow-up. We found no beneficial effect of therapies for improving depression or anxiety. The conclusions of this update replicate and add to those of a previous version of the review which found that psychological therapies were effective in reducing pain frequency/intensity for children with headache and mixed chronic pain conditions post-treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Fisher
- Pain Research Unit, Churchill HospitalCochrane Pain, Palliative and Supportive Care GroupOxfordUK
| | - Emily Law
- University of WashingtonAnesthesiology and Pain MedicineSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Joanne Dudeney
- Seattle Children's Research InstituteCenter for Child Health, Behavior, and Development2001 8th Avenue, Suite 400SeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Tonya M Palermo
- University of WashingtonAnesthesiology and Pain MedicineSeattleWashingtonUSA
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Kendall H, Kaptan G, Stewart G, Grainger M, Kuznesof S, Naughton P, Clark B, Hubbard C, Raley M, Marvin HJ, Frewer LJ. Drivers of existing and emerging food safety risks: Expert opinion regarding multiple impacts. Food Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Walpole C, McGrane A, Al‐mousawi H, Winter D, Baird A, Stewart G. Investigation of facilitative urea transporters in the human gastrointestinal tract. Physiol Rep 2018; 6:e13826. [PMID: 30101448 PMCID: PMC6087735 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The symbiotic relationship between humans and their intestinal microbiome is supported by urea nitrogen salvaging. Previous studies have shown that colonic UT-B urea transporters play a significant role in this important physiological process. This current study investigated UT-A and UT-B urea transporter expression along the human gastrointestinal tract. Initial end-point PCR experiments determined that UT-A RNA was predominantly expressed in the small intestine, while UT-B RNA was expressed in stomach, small intestine, and colon. Using western blotting experiments, a strong 40-60 kDa UT-B signal was found to be abundant in both ileum and colon. Importantly, this signal was deglycosylated by PNGaseF enzyme treatment to a core protein of 30 kDa in both tissues. Further immunolocalization studies revealed UT-B transporter proteins were present at the apical membrane of the villi in the ileum, but predominantly at the basolateral membrane of the colonic surface epithelial cells. Finally, a blind scoring immunolocalization study suggested that there was no significant difference in UT-B abundance throughout the colon (NS, ANOVA, N = 5-21). In conclusion, this current study suggested UT-B to be the main human intestinal urea transporter. Intriguingly, these data suggested that the same UT-B isoform was present in all intestinal epithelial cells, but that the precise cellular location varied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caragh Walpole
- School of Biology & Environmental ScienceUniversity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Alison McGrane
- School of Biology & Environmental ScienceUniversity College DublinDublinIreland
| | | | - Desmond Winter
- Institute for Clinical Outcomes Research and EducationSt. Vincent's University HospitalDublinIreland
| | - Alan Baird
- College of Life SciencesConway Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular ScienceDublinIreland
| | - Gavin Stewart
- School of Biology & Environmental ScienceUniversity College DublinDublinIreland
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Hicks J, Stewart G, Kent M, Platt S. Delayed asymptomatic progressive intraventricular pneumocephalus in a dog following craniotomy. J Small Anim Pract 2018; 61:316-320. [PMID: 29736904 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Delayed pneumocephalus developed in a 9-year-old dog following transfrontal craniotomy and implantation of an experimental local chemotherapy into a partially resected oligodendroglioma, but the animal appeared to be asymptomatic. MRI evidence of increasing intracranial pressure, including progressive ventricular dilatation and compression of periventricular parenchyma, led to the recommendation for exploratory craniotomy. The barrier between the intracranial cavity and frontal sinus was enhanced, and pneumocephalus resolved on MRI at both 1 and 3 months following the repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hicks
- Small Animal Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - G Stewart
- Small Animal Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - M Kent
- Small Animal Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - S Platt
- Small Animal Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
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Snipelisky D, Ivak P, Stewart G, Givertz M, Pfeffer M, Groarke J, Singh S, Netuka I, Mehra M. Stroke Patterns and Implications for Ventricular Functional Remodeling in Left Ventricular Assist Systems. J Heart Lung Transplant 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2018.01.810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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Will RG, Stewart G, Zeidler M, Macleod MA, Knight RSG. Psychiatric features of new variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Psychiatr bull 2018. [DOI: 10.1192/pb.23.5.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Aims and methodNew variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease is a novel prion disease of humans that may be causally linked to bovine spongiform encephalopathy. Psychiatric symptoms occur in the early stages of the illness and may be difficult to distinguish from the symptoms of more common psychiatric disorders. Cases of new variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease are identified through the national surveillance system. Information on psychiatric features has been obtained by review of case notes and, in the majority of cases, by interview of relatives by a member of the surveillance staff.ResultsThirty-five cases of new variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease have been identified in the UK and detailed information on the clinical features and investigations is currently available in 33 of these cases. All but one of the cases exhibited prominent early psychiatric symptomatology, but the diagnosis of an underlying neurological disease was not possible in the majority of cases until the development of neurological symptoms and signs. Early indications of an underlying neurological disorder included cognitive impairment, persistent sensory symptoms or limb pain and, in a minority, gait imbalance, dysarthria or visual symptoms. Limited evidence suggests that investigations such as electroencephalogram or brain imaging are unlikely to provde useful diagnostic information during the ‘psychiatric’ phase of the illness.Clinical implicationsThe early recognition of an underlying neurological disorder may be impossible in the early psychiatric phase of new variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease, but the suspicion of this diagnosis may be raised by the occurrence of associated neurological symptoms. The development of early diagnostic markers is an important objective.
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Sivapathan S, Boyd A, Deshmukh T, Kwok F, Altman M, Stewart G, Richards D, Denniss A, Thomas L. Relative Apical Sparing Using Longitudinal Strain to Diagnose Cardiac Amyloidosis. Heart Lung Circ 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2018.06.505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Sivapathan S, Boyd A, Deshmukh T, Kwok F, Altman M, Stewart G, Richards D, Robert Denniss A, Thomas L. Multi-Layer Strain as a Useful Technique to Identify Cardiac Amyloidosis. Heart Lung Circ 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2018.06.478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Sage A, Stewart G, Enfield K, Marshall E, Martinez V, Lam W. MA 15.14 Long Non-Coding RNA Disruption in Lung Adenocarcinoma Reveals Novel Mechanisms of Metastasis. J Thorac Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2017.09.595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Sage A, Stewart G, Anderson C, Rowbotham D, Enfield K, Marshall E, Martinez V, Lam W. P2.02-022 Alternative Regulation of Cancer-Associated Genes through Modulation of Long Non-Coding RNAs. J Thorac Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2017.09.1199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Hudson JA, Frewer LJ, Jones G, Brereton PA, Whittingham MJ, Stewart G. The agri-food chain and antimicrobial resistance: A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Eyre T, Phillips E, Linton K, Kassam S, Gibb A, Allibone S, Peggs K, Burton C, Stewart G, Ledieu R, Booth C, Osborne W, Miall F, Eyre D, Ardeshna K, Collins G. RESULTS OF a MULTICENTRE UK-WIDE STUDY EVALUATING THE EFFICACY OF BRENTUXIMAB VEDOTIN IN RELAPSED, REFRACTORY CLASSICAL HODGKIN LYMPHOMA IN THE PRE-TRANSPLANT NAÏVE SETTING. Hematol Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/hon.2437_70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T.A. Eyre
- Haematology; Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust; Oxford UK
| | - E.H. Phillips
- Department of Haematology; University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust; London UK
| | - K.M. Linton
- Department of Medical Oncology; The Christie Hospital NHS Trust; UK
| | - S. Kassam
- Department of Haematology; Kings College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust; UK
| | - A. Gibb
- Department of Medical Oncology; The Christie Hospital NHS Trust; UK
| | - S. Allibone
- Department of Medical Oncology; The Christie Hospital NHS Trust; UK
| | - K. Peggs
- Department of Haematology; University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust; London UK
| | - C. Burton
- Department of Haematology; Leeds Teaching Hospital NHS Trust; Leeds UK
| | - G. Stewart
- Department of Haematology; Leeds Teaching Hospital NHS Trust; Leeds UK
| | - R. Ledieu
- Department of Haematology; St Bartholomew's Hospital; London UK
| | - C. Booth
- Department of Haematology; St Bartholomew's Hospital; London UK
| | - W. Osborne
- Department of Haematology; Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust; Newcastle UK
| | - F. Miall
- Department of Haematology; University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust; Leicester UK
| | - D.W. Eyre
- Nuffield Department of Medicine; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
| | - K. Ardeshna
- Department of Haematology; University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust; London UK
| | - G.P. Collins
- Haematology; Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust; Oxford UK
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Kittleson M, Shah P, Lala A, McLean R, Pamboukian S, Horstmanshof D, Thibodeau J, Shah K, Lanfear D, Teuteberg J, Taddei-Peters W, Khalatbari S, Stevenson L, Mann D, Aaronson K, Stewart G. Painting Profiles of Ambulatory Advanced Heart Failure: A Report from the REVIVAL Registry. J Heart Lung Transplant 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2017.01.446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Ambardekar A, Thibodeau J, DeVore A, Kittleson M, Forde-McLean R, Palardy M, Mountis M, Cadaret L, Teuteberg J, Pamboukian S, Stevenson L, Xie R, Stewart G. Slow Gait Speed Linked to More Severe Disease but Not with Early Events in Ambulatory Advanced Heart Failure: Results from the Medical Arm of Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support (MedaMACS) Registry. J Heart Lung Transplant 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2017.01.471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Lala A, Ambardekar A, Estep J, Stehlik J, Mountis M, Haas D, Horstmanshof D, Thibodeau J, Shah K, Lanfear D, Teuteberg J, Taddei-Peters W, Khalatbari S, Stevenson L, Mann D, Aaronson K, Stewart G. Slower Gait Speed as a Measure of Frailty Tracks with INTERMACS Profiles, Quality of Life and Predicted Mortality in Ambulatory Patients with Advanced Heart Failure: A Report from the REVIVAL Registry. J Heart Lung Transplant 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2017.01.469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Ambardekar V, Kittleson M, Palardy M, Mountis M, Forde-McLean R, DeVore A, Pamboukian S, Thibodeau J, Teuteberg J, Cadaret L, Xie R, Stevenson L, Stewart G. Advanced Therapy Utilization and Survival in Ambulatory Patients with Advanced Heart Failure: Results from the Medical Arm of Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support (MedaMACS) Registry. J Heart Lung Transplant 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2017.01.508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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