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Sugimura S, Imai R, Katoh T, Makino H, Hokamura K, Kurita T, Suzuki Y, Aoki Y, Kimura T, Umemura K, Nakajima Y. Effects of volatile anesthetics on circadian rhythm in mice: a comparative study of sevoflurane, desflurane, and isoflurane. J Anesth 2024; 38:10-18. [PMID: 37741919 DOI: 10.1007/s00540-023-03262-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Volatile anesthetics affect the circadian rhythm of mammals, although the effects of different types of anesthetics are unclear. Here, we anesthetized mice using several volatile anesthetics at two different times during the day. Our objective was to compare the effects of these anesthetics on circadian rhythm. METHODS Male adult C57BL/6 J mice were divided into eight groups (n = 8 each) based on the anesthetic (sevoflurane, desflurane, isoflurane, or no anesthesia) and anesthesia time (Zeitgeber time [ZT] 6-12 or ZT18-24). Mice were anesthetized for 6 h using a 0.5 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) dose under constant dark conditions. The difference between the start of the active phase before and after anesthesia was measured as a phase shift. Clock genes were measured by polymerase chain reaction in suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) samples removed from mouse brain after anesthesia (n = 8-9 each). RESULTS Phase shift after anesthesia at ZT6-12 using sevoflurane (- 0.49 h) was smaller compared with desflurane (- 1.1 h) and isoflurane (- 1.4 h) (p < 0.05). Clock mRNA (ZT6-12, p < 0.05) and Per2 mRNA (ZT18-24, p < 0.05) expression were different between the groups after anesthesia. CONCLUSION 0.5 MAC sevoflurane anesthesia administered during the late inactive to early active phase has less impact on the phase shift of circadian rhythm than desflurane and isoflurane. This may be due to differences in the effects of volatile anesthetics on the expression of clock genes in the SCN, the master clock of the circadian rhythm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Sugimura
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.
| | - Ryo Imai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Takasumi Katoh
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Makino
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Kazuya Hokamura
- Department of Medical Education, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Tadayoshi Kurita
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Suzuki
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Aoki
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Kimura
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Kazuo Umemura
- Department of Pharmacology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Nakajima
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
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2
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Du J, Zhang H, Ding Z, Wu X, Chen H, Ma W, Qiu C, Zhu S, Kang X. Development and validation of a nomogram for postoperative sleep disturbance in adults: a prospective survey of 640 patients undergoing spinal surgery. BMC Anesthesiol 2023; 23:154. [PMID: 37142982 PMCID: PMC10157914 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-023-02097-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postoperative sleep disturbance (PSD) is a prevalent clinical complication that may arise due to various factors. The purpose of this investigation is to identify the risk factors for PSD in spinal surgery and establish a risk prediction nomogram. METHODS The clinical records of individuals who underwent spinal surgery from January 2020 to January 2021 were gathered prospectively. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression, along with multivariate logistic regression analysis, was employed to establish independent risk factors. A nomogram prediction model was devised based on these factors. The nomogram's effectiveness was evaluated and verified via the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration plot, and decision curve analysis (DCA). RESULTS A total of 640 patients who underwent spinal surgery were analyzed in this investigation, among which 393 patients experienced PSD with an incidence rate of 61.4%. After conducting LASSO regression and logistic regression analyses using R software on the variables in training set, 8 independent risk factors associated to PSD were identified, including female, preoperative sleep disorder, high preoperative anxiety score, high intraoperative bleeding volume, high postoperative pain score, dissatisfaction with ward sleep environment, non-use of dexmedetomidine and non-use of erector spinae plane block (ESPB). The nomogram and online dynamic nomogram were constructed after incorporating these variables. In the training and validation sets, the area under the curve (AUC) in the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were 0.806 (0.768-0.844) and 0.755 (0.667-0.844), respectively. The calibration plots indicated that the mean absolute error (MAE) values in both sets were respectively 1.2% and 1.7%. The decision curve analysis demonstrated the model had a substantial net benefit within the range of threshold probabilities between 20% and 90%. CONCLUSIONS The nomogram model proposed in this study included eight frequently observed clinical factors and exhibited favorable accuracy and calibration. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was retrospectively registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2200061257, 18/06/2022).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Du
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Honggang Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhe Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobin Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, China Coast Guard Hospital of the People ' s Armed Police Force, Jiaxing, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, China Coast Guard Hospital of the People ' s Armed Police Force, Jiaxing, China
| | - Weibin Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, China Coast Guard Hospital of the People ' s Armed Police Force, Jiaxing, China
| | - Canjin Qiu
- Department of Anesthesiology, China Coast Guard Hospital of the People ' s Armed Police Force, Jiaxing, China
| | - Shengmei Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Xianhui Kang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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3
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Lyu J, Cai H, Chen Y, Chen G. Brain areas modulation in consciousness during sevoflurane anesthesia. Front Integr Neurosci 2022; 16:1031613. [PMID: 36619239 PMCID: PMC9811387 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2022.1031613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sevoflurane is presently one of the most used inhaled anesthetics worldwide. However, the mechanisms through which sevoflurane acts and the areas of the brain associated with changes in consciousness during anesthesia remain important and complex research questions. Sevoflurane is generally regarded as a volatile anesthetic that blindly targets neuronal (and sometimes astrocyte) GABAA receptors. This review focuses on the brain areas of sevoflurane action and their relation to changes in consciousness during anesthesia. We cover 20 years of history, from the bench to the bedside, and include perspectives on functional magnetic resonance, electroencephalogram, and pharmacological experiments. We review the interactions and neurotransmitters involved in brain circuits during sevoflurane anesthesia, improving the effectiveness and accuracy of sevoflurane's future application and shedding light on the mechanisms behind human consciousness.
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4
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Taatjes DJ, Roth J. In focus in HCB. Histochem Cell Biol 2022; 158:123-125. [PMID: 35859014 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-022-02142-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas J Taatjes
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA.
| | - Jürgen Roth
- University of Zurich, CH-8091, Zurich, Switzerland
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5
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Yamaguchi T, Hamada T, Iijima N. Differences in recovery processes of circadian oscillators in various tissues after sevoflurane treatment in vivo. Biochem Biophys Rep 2022; 30:101258. [PMID: 35434385 PMCID: PMC9006766 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2022.101258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The inhalation anesthetic sevoflurane reversibly suppresses Period2 (Per2) mRNA expression in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). However, a discrepancy exists in phase shifting of the Per2 expression rhythm between sevoflurane application in rats (in vivo application) and explants (ex vivo application). This investigation aimed to resolve this issue. First, tissues from the SCN, choroid plexus in the lateral ventricle (CP-LV), and choroid plexus in the fourth ventricle (CP–4V), which are robust circadian oscillators, and pineal gland (PG) tissue, which is a circadian influencer, were prepared from Per2::dLuc transgenic rats. Significant phase responses of bioluminescence rhythms for different preparation times were monitored in the four tissue explant types. Second, tissue explants were prepared from anesthetized rats immediately after sevoflurane treatment, and bioluminescence rhythms were compared with those from non-anesthetized rats at various preparation times. Regarding bioluminescence rhythm phases, in vivo application of sevoflurane induced phase shifts in CP-LV, CP-4V, and PG explants according to the times that rats were administered anesthesia and the explants were prepared. Phase shifts in these peripheral explants were withdrawn due to the recovery period after the anesthetic treatment, which suggests that peripheral tissues require the assistance of related tissues or organs to correct phase shifts. In contrast, no phase shifts were observed in SCN explants. These results indicated that SCN explants can independently correct bioluminescence rhythm phase. The bioluminescence intensity of explants was also decreased after in vivo sevoflurane application. The suppressive effects on SCN explants were withdrawn due to a recovery day after the anesthetic treatment. In contrast, the suppressive effects on the bioluminescence intensities of CP-LV, CP-4V, and PG explants remained at 30 days after anesthesia administration. These results suggest that anesthetic suppression is imprinted within the peripheral tissues. We monitored bioluminescence in explants from Per2::dLuc rats after anesthesia. Sevoflurane induced phase shifts in peripheral explants but not in the SCN. Phase shifts in peripheral explants were withdrawn due to recovery period. Sevoflurane weakened the bioluminescence intensity of all explant types. The suppressive effects on peripheral explants were remained in a week later.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Yamaguchi
- Center for Basic Medical Research, International University of Health and Welfare, Ohtawara, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Hamada
- Department of Pharmacology, International University of Health and Welfare, Ohtawara, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Norio Iijima
- Center for Basic Medical Research, International University of Health and Welfare, Ohtawara, Tochigi, Japan
- Corresponding author.
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6
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Mizuno T, Higo S, Kamei N, Mori K, Sakamoto A, Ozawa H. Effects of general anesthesia on behavioral circadian rhythms and clock-gene expression in the suprachiasmatic nucleus in rats. Histochem Cell Biol 2022; 158:149-158. [PMID: 35614272 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-022-02113-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus is a nucleus that regulates circadian rhythms through the cyclic expression of clock genes. It has been suggested that circadian-rhythm-related, adverse postoperative events, including sleep disturbances and delirium, are partly caused by anesthesia-induced disruption of clock-gene expression. We examined the effects of multiple general anesthetics on the expression cycle of Period2 (Per2), one of the clock genes that regulate circadian rhythms in the SCN, and on the behavioral rhythms of animals. Rats were treated with sevoflurane, propofol, and dexmedetomidine for 4 h. The expression of Per2 in SCN was analyzed using in situ hybridization, and the behavioral rhythm before and after anesthesia was analyzed. Per2 expression in the SCN decreased significantly immediately after anesthesia in all groups compared with corresponding control groups. However, Per2 returned to normal levels within 24 h, and there was no phase change in the gene expression cycle or behavioral rhythm. This study suggests that acute suppression of Per2 expression may be a general phenomenon induced by general anesthesia, but that the molecular mechanism of the body clock is resilient to disturbances to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Mizuno
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan.,Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan
| | - Shimpei Higo
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan.
| | - Nobutaka Kamei
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan.,Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan
| | - Keisuke Mori
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan.,Department of Anesthesiology, Sakakibara Heart Institute, Asahicho 3-16-1, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-0003, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Sakamoto
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ozawa
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan
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7
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Song B, Zhu J. A Novel Application of Ketamine for Improving Perioperative Sleep Disturbances. Nat Sci Sleep 2021; 13:2251-2266. [PMID: 34992482 PMCID: PMC8715868 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s341161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Perioperative sleep disturbances are commonly observed before, during, and after surgery and can be caused by several factors, such as preoperative negative moods, general anesthetics, surgery trauma, and pain. Over the past decade, the fast-acting antidepressant effects of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist ketamine represent one of the most attractive discoveries in the field of psychiatry, such as antidepressant and anxiolytic effects. It is also widely used as a short-acting anesthetic and analgesic. Recent research has revealed new possible applications for ketamine, such as for perioperative sleep disorders and circadian rhythm disorders. Here, we summarize the risk factors for perioperative sleep disturbances, outcomes of perioperative sleep disturbances, and mechanism of action of ketamine in improving perioperative sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijia Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Junchao Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
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8
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Liu B, Chu S, Liu T, Song J, Ma Z, Gu X, Xia T. Effects of 5-HT7 receptors on circadian rhythm of mice anesthetized with isoflurane. Chronobiol Int 2020; 38:38-45. [PMID: 33081564 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2020.1832111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The role of the serotonin 7 receptor (5-HT7 receptor) subtype in a number of domains has been widely recognized, but its role in the regulation of changes of the circadian rhythm after anesthesia is still unclear. We used intraperitoneal injection of 5-HT7 receptor agonist LP-211 or antagonist SB-269970 in mice to influence the level of 5-HT7 receptor protein in the SCN and to observe the role of this receptor on circadian rhythm changes after isoflurane anesthesia. Our results show the appropriate dose of SB-269970 significantly alleviated the circadian rhythm disorder induced by isoflurane anesthesia, while LP-211 significantly aggravated it after anesthesia, which is different from the phase shift that can be caused by the administration of LP-211 before anesthesia. These findings may indicate the 5-HT7 receptor plays a complex role in the regulation of circadian rhythm after anesthesia. Our findings may provide some positive significance for alleviating circadian rhythm disorder in patients after anesthesia and ultimately promoting rapid postoperative recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binwen Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School , Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Shuaishuai Chu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School , Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Tiantian Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School , Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jia Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School , Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Zhengliang Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School , Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xiaoping Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School , Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Tianjiao Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School , Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University , Nanjing, PR China
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9
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Song B, Luo M, Zhu J. The efficacy of acupuncture in postoperative sleep quality: a literature review. Sleep Breath 2020; 25:571-577. [PMID: 32949326 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-020-02187-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE General anesthesia may affect the quality of postoperative sleep, especially after surgery on elderly patients. The decline of postoperative sleep quality may produce harmful effects on the postoperative recovery of patients. In this review, we summarized the efficacy and potential mechanism of acupuncture on postoperative sleep quality. METHODS We review the effect of general anesthesia on circadian sleep rhythm. In addition, to provide evidence about the impairment of decreased postoperative sleep quality, we also emphasize the mechanism of acupuncture alleviates factors that affect sleep quality after general anesthesia. RESULTS The application of acupuncture technology has been helpful to improve sleep quality and alleviate postoperative complications affecting postoperative sleep quality after general anesthesia. CONCLUSION Acupuncture at different acupoints could effectively improve body's neurotransmitter levels and regulate biological clock genes through various mechanisms, and then improve postoperative sleep quality. Large-scale multi-center trials are needed to verify these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijia Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Man Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Junchao Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Characterization of the circadian oscillator in the choroid plexus of rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 524:497-501. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.01.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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11
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Kelleci Çelik F, Charehsaz M, Aydin A. Toxicological evaluation of the interaction between circadian rhythm activator; KL001 and general anesthetic; isoflurane. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2019.1698808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feyza Kelleci Çelik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Sağlık Bilimleri University Faculty of Pharmacy, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Mohammad Charehsaz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Yeditepe University Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Aydin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Yeditepe University Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul, Turkey
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12
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Brogi R, Brivio F, Bertolucci C, Benazzi M, Luccarini S, Cappai N, Bottero E, Pedrazzoli C, Columbano N, Apollonio M, Grignolio S. Capture effects in wild boar: a multifaceted behavioural investigation. WILDLIFE BIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.2981/wlb.00497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rudy Brogi
- R. Brogi (http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2326-600X)
| | | | | | - Michele Benazzi
- M. Benazzi, Dept of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Univ. of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Siriano Luccarini
- S. Luccarini, E. Bottero, N. Columbano, M. Apollonio and S. Grignolio (http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0786-2004), Dept of Veterinary Medicine, Univ. of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, IT-07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Nadia Cappai
- N. Cappai and C. Pedrazzoli, Foreste Casentinesi National Park, Pratovecchio (AR), Italy
| | - Elisa Bottero
- S. Luccarini, E. Bottero, N. Columbano, M. Apollonio and S. Grignolio (http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0786-2004), Dept of Veterinary Medicine, Univ. of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, IT-07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Carlo Pedrazzoli
- N. Cappai and C. Pedrazzoli, Foreste Casentinesi National Park, Pratovecchio (AR), Italy
| | - Nicolò Columbano
- S. Luccarini, E. Bottero, N. Columbano, M. Apollonio and S. Grignolio (http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0786-2004), Dept of Veterinary Medicine, Univ. of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, IT-07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Marco Apollonio
- S. Luccarini, E. Bottero, N. Columbano, M. Apollonio and S. Grignolio (http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0786-2004), Dept of Veterinary Medicine, Univ. of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, IT-07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Stefano Grignolio
- S. Luccarini, E. Bottero, N. Columbano, M. Apollonio and S. Grignolio (http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0786-2004), Dept of Veterinary Medicine, Univ. of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, IT-07100 Sassari, Italy
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13
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Impact of anaesthesia on circadian rhythms and implications for laboratory experiments. Exp Neurol 2018; 311:318-322. [PMID: 30268768 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2018.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
General anaesthesia is a widely used tool to enable surgery in animal experimentation. There is now convincing evidence that general anaesthesia can cause profound and strongly time-dependant shifts in circadian rhythms of behaviour (sleep-wake cycles), physiology (core body temperature, blood pressure, heart rate and hormone release) and cognitive parameters (learning and memory) in a range of species. These effects have the potential to confound laboratory experiments, and may lead to misinterpretation of results. Here, we summarise these effects and advise caution to those conducting laboratory experiments in which anaesthesia forms part of the protocol.
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14
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Ben-Hamouda N, Poirel VJ, Dispersyn G, Pévet P, Challet E, Pain L. Short-term propofol anaesthesia down-regulates clock genes expression in the master clock. Chronobiol Int 2018; 35:1735-1741. [DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2018.1499107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nawfel Ben-Hamouda
- Institut des neurosciences cellulaires et integratives, Neurobiology of Rhythms, CNRS (UPR3212), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Adult intensive Care Medicine and Burns, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vincent-Joseph Poirel
- Institut des neurosciences cellulaires et integratives, Neurobiology of Rhythms, CNRS (UPR3212), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Garance Dispersyn
- Institut des neurosciences cellulaires et integratives, Neurobiology of Rhythms, CNRS (UPR3212), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Institut de recherche biomedicale des armees, Bretigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Paul Pévet
- Institut des neurosciences cellulaires et integratives, Neurobiology of Rhythms, CNRS (UPR3212), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Etienne Challet
- Institut des neurosciences cellulaires et integratives, Neurobiology of Rhythms, CNRS (UPR3212), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Laure Pain
- Institut des neurosciences cellulaires et integratives, Neurobiology of Rhythms, CNRS (UPR3212), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Anesthesiology, Hopitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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15
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Song J, Chu S, Cui Y, Qian Y, Li X, Xu F, Shao X, Ma Z, Xia T, Gu X. Circadian rhythm resynchronization improved isoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction in aged mice. Exp Neurol 2018; 306:45-54. [PMID: 29660304 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common clinical phenomenon characterized by cognitive deficits in patients after anesthesia and surgery. Advanced age is a significant independent risk factor for POCD. We previously reported that in young mice, sleep-wake rhythm is involved in the isoflurane-induced memory impairment. In present study, we sought to determine whether advanced age increased the risk of POCD through aggravated and prolonged post-anesthetic circadian disruption in the elderly. We constructed POCD model by submitting the mice to 5-h 1.3% isoflurane anesthesia from Zeitgeber Time (ZT) 14 to ZT19. Under novel object recognition assay (NOR) and Morris water maze (MWM) test, We found 5-h isoflurane anesthesia impaired the cognition of young mice for early 3 days after anesthesia but damaged the aged for at least 1 week. With Mini-Mitter continuously monitoring, a 3.22 ± 0.75 h gross motor activity acrophase delay was manifested in young mice on D1, while in the aged mice, the gross motor activity phase shift lasted for 3 days, consistent with the body temperature rhythm trends of change. Melatonin has been considered as an effective remedy for circadian rhythm shift. In aged mice, melatonin was pretreated intragastrically at the dose of 10 mg/kg daily for 7 consecutive days before anesthesia. We found that melatonin prevented isoflurane-induced cognitive impairments by restoring the locomotor activity and temperature circadian rhythm via clock gene resynchronization. Overall, these results indicated that Long-term isoflurane anesthesia induced more aggravated and prolonged memory deficits and circadian rhythms disruption in aged mice. Melatonin could prevent isoflurane-induced cognitive impairments by circadian rhythm resynchronization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical Department of Nanjing University, 321 Zhong Shan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China
| | - Shuaishuai Chu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical Department of Nanjing University, 321 Zhong Shan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China
| | - Yin Cui
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical Department of Nanjing University, 321 Zhong Shan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China
| | - Yue Qian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical Department of Nanjing University, 321 Zhong Shan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China
| | - Xiuxiu Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical Department of Nanjing University, 321 Zhong Shan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China
| | - Fangxia Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical Department of Nanjing University, 321 Zhong Shan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China
| | - Xueming Shao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical Department of Nanjing University, 321 Zhong Shan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China
| | - Zhengliang Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical Department of Nanjing University, 321 Zhong Shan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China.
| | - Tianjiao Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical Department of Nanjing University, 321 Zhong Shan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China.
| | - Xiaoping Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical Department of Nanjing University, 321 Zhong Shan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China.
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16
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How does general anaesthesia affect the circadian clock? Sleep Med Rev 2018; 37:35-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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17
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Gökmen N, Barış İ, Öçmen E, Yılmaz O, Günerli A, Kavaklı İH. Day-Time Isoflurane Administration Suppresses Circadian Gene Expressions in Both the Brain and a Peripheral Organ, Liver. Turk J Anaesthesiol Reanim 2017; 45:197-202. [PMID: 28868166 DOI: 10.5152/tjar.2017.68466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of light and administration time of isoflurane on circadian gene expression in the brains and liver tissues of rats kept in light-dark cycle. METHODS Seventy two 15-days-old rats pups were divided into four groups. All animals were exposed to 1.5% concentration of isoflurane or to 6 L min-1 O2 for six hours between Zeitgeber Time (ZT) 0-ZT06 (day-time administration) or ZT12-ZT18 (night-time administration). Rats were sacrificed after six hours of anaesthesia with four-hour time intervals. Total RNA was isolated from brains and liver tissues. Circadian gene expression was examined using quantitative real-time Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS BMAL1, CLOCK, PER2 and CRY2 gene expression levels were markedly suppressed after day-time anaesthesia in the both brain and liver, but night-time administration caused only temporary suppression of gene expression. CONCLUSION The effect of isoflurane on the circadian clock is time-dependent, and administered isoflurane anaesthesia at night had minimal effect on clock gene expression. Additionally, when the treated animals were kept in a regular light-dark cycle, isoflurane-induced phase shift was not observed, possibly because of the light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Necati Gökmen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Dokuz Eylül University School of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - İbrahim Barış
- Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koç University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Elvan Öçmen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Dokuz Eylül University School of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Osman Yılmaz
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Ali Günerli
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Dokuz Eylül University School of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
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18
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Iijima N, Miyamoto S, Matsumoto K, Takumi K, Ueta Y, Ozawa H. Development of an imaging system for in vivo real-time monitoring of neuronal activity in deep brain of free-moving rats. Histochem Cell Biol 2017; 148:289-298. [PMID: 28550404 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-017-1576-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We have newly developed a system that allows monitoring of the intensity of fluorescent signals from deep brains of rats transgenically modified to express enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) via an optical fiber. One terminal of the optical fiber was connected to a blue semiconductor laser oscillator/green fluorescence detector. The other terminal was inserted into the vicinity of the eGFP-expressing neurons. Since the optical fiber was vulnerable to twisting stresses caused by animal movement, we also developed a cage in which the floor automatically turns, in response to the turning of the rat's head. This relieved the twisting stress on the optical fiber. The system then enabled real-time monitoring of fluorescence in awake and unrestrained rats over many hours. Using this system, we could continuously monitor eGFP-expression in arginine vasopressin-eGFP transgenic rats. Moreover, we observed an increase of eGFP-expression in the paraventricular nucleus under salt-loading conditions. We then performed in vivo imaging of eGFP-expressing GnRH neurons in the hypothalamus, via a bundle consisting of 3000 thin optical fibers. With the combination of the optical fiber bundle connection to the fluorescence microscope, and the special cage system, we were able to capture and retain images of eGFP-expressing neurons from free-moving rats. We believe that our newly developed method for monitoring and imaging eGFP-expression in deep brain neurons will be useful for analysis of neuronal functions in awake and unrestrained animals for long durations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norio Iijima
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan. .,Center for Medical Science, International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1 Kitakanamaru, Ohtawara, 324-8501, Japan.
| | - Shinji Miyamoto
- Indeco Inc., 1-11-14 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-0003, Japan.,Activelase, 3-5-22 Imai, Oume-si, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Matsumoto
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan
| | - Ken Takumi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan.,Department of Zoology, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridai-cho, Okayama, 700-0005, Japan
| | - Yoichi Ueta
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ozawa
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan
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19
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In vivo imaging of clock gene expression in multiple tissues of freely moving mice. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11705. [PMID: 27285820 PMCID: PMC5446038 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Clock genes are expressed throughout the body, although how they oscillate in unrestrained animals is not known. Here, we show an in vivo imaging technique that enables long-term simultaneous imaging of multiple tissues. We use dual-focal 3D tracking and signal-intensity calibration to follow gene expression in a target area. We measure circadian rhythms of clock genes in the olfactory bulb, right and left ears and cortices, and the skin. In addition, the kinetic relationship between gene expression and physiological responses to experimental cues is monitored. Under stable conditions gene expression is in phase in all tissues. In response to a long-duration light pulse, the olfactory bulb shifts faster than other tissues. In Cry1−/−Cry2−/− arrhythmic mice circadian oscillation is absent in all tissues. Thus, our system successfully tracks circadian rhythms in clock genes in multiple tissues in unrestrained mice. The circadian rhythms of peripheral clocks are difficult to study. Here the authors demonstrate a technique to image clock gene expression simultaneously in various tissues of freely moving mice, and use it to show that a long duration light pulse resets the rhythms in the olfactory bulb faster than other tissues.
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20
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Characterization of sevoflurane effects on Per2 expression using ex vivo bioluminescence imaging of the suprachiasmatic nucleus in transgenic rats. Neurosci Res 2016; 107:30-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2015.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Revised: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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21
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Establishment of an in vitro cell line experimental system for the study of inhalational anesthetic mechanisms. Neurosci Lett 2016; 620:163-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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22
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Ludin NM, Cheeseman JF, Merry AF, Millar CD, Warman GR. The effects of the general anaesthetic isoflurane on the honey bee (Apis mellifera) circadian clock. Chronobiol Int 2016; 33:128-33. [PMID: 26730506 DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2015.1113987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
General anaesthesia administered during the day has previously been shown to phase shift the honey bee clock. We describe a phase response curve for honey bees (n=105) to six hour isoflurane anaesthesia. The honey bee isoflurane PRC is "weak" with a delay portion (maximum shift of -1.88 hours, circadian time 0 - 3) but no advance zone. The isoflurane-induced shifts observed here are in direct opposition to those of light. Furthermore, concurrent administration of light and isoflurane abolishes the shifts that occur with isoflurane alone. Light may thus provide a means of reducing isoflurane-induced phase shifts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola M Ludin
- a Department of Anaesthesiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences , University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - James F Cheeseman
- a Department of Anaesthesiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences , University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Alan F Merry
- a Department of Anaesthesiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences , University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Craig D Millar
- a Department of Anaesthesiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences , University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand.,b Allan Wilson Centre for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science , University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Guy R Warman
- a Department of Anaesthesiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences , University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
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23
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Gao J, Yang C, Ding H, Zhang Y, Xue J, Cai Y. 2,2,2-Trichloroethanol lengthens the circadian period of Bmal1-driven circadian bioluminescence rhythms in U2OS cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 462:239-44. [PMID: 25956065 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.04.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
2,2,2-Trichloroethanol (TCOH) is responsible for the pharmacological actions of chloral hydrate (CH), and is a major metabolite of trichloroethylene. Human exposure to TCOH is known to be increasing. Recently, it was reported that TCOH causes a significant phase delay of Per2 expression in mouse liver when injected daily over the course of several days. However, it is not clear whether TCOH directly modulates the molecular clock. In the present study we used a cell-based assay system to test this possibility. We found that the daily oscillation period of Bmal1 was lengthened to 3 h following treatment with 1.5 mM TCOH, and increased to 5 h with 3 mM TCOH treatment. However, low concentrations of TCOH had no noticeable effects. The effect of TCOH on Per2 oscillation was marginal. Interestingly, serum from rats anesthetized with CH also modulated Bmal1 period, suggesting that exposure to anesthesia should be taken into consideration for circadian rhythm studies. In summary, our study reveals a direct regulation of TCOH on molecular clock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Parkinson's Disease Center of Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100053, PR China
| | - Caixia Yang
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Parkinson's Disease Center of Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100053, PR China
| | - Hui Ding
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Parkinson's Disease Center of Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100053, PR China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Parkinson's Disease Center of Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100053, PR China
| | - Jinhua Xue
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Parkinson's Disease Center of Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100053, PR China
| | - Yanning Cai
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Parkinson's Disease Center of Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100053, PR China.
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24
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Xia T, Cui Y, Chu S, Ma Z, Gu X. Murine clock gene expression in the suprachiasmatic nuclei and peripheral blood mononuclear cells during the daily sleep-wake rhythm and after isoflurane anesthesia. Sleep Biol Rhythms 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/sbr.12126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianjiao Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology; Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical Department of Nanjing University; Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Yin Cui
- Department of Anesthesiology; Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical Department of Nanjing University; Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Shuaishuai Chu
- Department of Anesthesiology; Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical Department of Nanjing University; Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Zhengliang Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology; Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical Department of Nanjing University; Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Xiaoping Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology; Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical Department of Nanjing University; Nanjing Jiangsu China
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25
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Abstract
Circadian clocks are present in most cells and are essential for maintenance of daily rhythms in physiology, mood, and cognition. Thus, not only neurons of the central circadian pacemaker but also many other peripheral tissues possess the same functional and self-sustained circadian clocks. Surprisingly, however, their properties vary widely within the human population. In recent years, this clock variance has been studied extensively both in health and in disease using robust lentivirus-based reporter technologies to probe circadian function in human peripheral cells as proxies for those in neurologically and physiologically relevant but inaccessible tissues. The same procedures can be used to investigate other conserved signal transduction cascades affecting multiple aspects of human physiology, behavior, and disease. Accessing gene expression variation within human populations via these powerful in vitro cell-based technologies could provide important insights into basic phenotypic diversity or to better interpret patterns of gene expression variation in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Gaspar
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Steven A Brown
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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26
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Mori K, Iijima N, Higo S, Aikawa S, Matsuo I, Takumi K, Sakamoto A, Ozawa H. Epigenetic suppression of mouse Per2 expression in the suprachiasmatic nucleus by the inhalational anesthetic, sevoflurane. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87319. [PMID: 24498074 PMCID: PMC3909093 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously reported that sevoflurane anesthesia reversibly suppresses the expression of the clock gene, Period2 (Per2), in the mouse suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this suppression remain unclear. In this study, we examined the possibility that sevoflurane suppresses Per2 expression via epigenetic modification of the Per2 promoter. METHODS Mice were anesthetized with a gas mixture of 2.5% sevoflurane/40% oxygen at a 6 L/min flow for 1 or 4 h. After termination, brains were removed and samples of SCN tissue were derived from frozen brain sections. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays using anti-acetylated-histone antibodies were performed to investigate the effects of sevoflurane on histone acetylation of the Per2 promoter. Interaction between the E'-box (a cis-element in the Per2 promoter) and CLOCK (the Clock gene product) was also assessed by a ChIP assay using an anti-CLOCK antibody. The SCN concentration of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)), a CLOCK regulator, was assessed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS Acetylation of histone H4 in the proximal region of the Per2 promoter was significantly reduced by sevoflurane. This change in the epigenetic profile of the Per2 gene was observed prior to suppression of Per2 expression. Simultaneously, a reduction in the CLOCK-E'-box interaction in the Per2 promoter was observed. Sevoflurane treatment did not affect the concentration of NAD(+) in the SCN. CONCLUSIONS Independent of NAD(+) concentration in the SCN, sevoflurane decreases CLOCK binding to the Per2 promoter E'-box motif, reducing histone acetylation and leading to suppression of Per2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Mori
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norio Iijima
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shimpei Higo
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoko Aikawa
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Izumi Matsuo
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Takumi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Sakamoto
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ozawa
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
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