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Tincu (Iurciuc) CE, Andrițoiu CV, Popa M, Ochiuz L. Recent Advancements and Strategies for Overcoming the Blood-Brain Barrier Using Albumin-Based Drug Delivery Systems to Treat Brain Cancer, with a Focus on Glioblastoma. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3969. [PMID: 37836018 PMCID: PMC10575401 DOI: 10.3390/polym15193969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly aggressive malignant tumor, and the most prevalent primary malignant tumor affecting the brain and central nervous system. Recent research indicates that the genetic profile of GBM makes it resistant to drugs and radiation. However, the main obstacle in treating GBM is transporting drugs through the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Albumin is a versatile biomaterial for the synthesis of nanoparticles. The efficiency of albumin-based delivery systems is determined by their ability to improve tumor targeting and accumulation. In this review, we will discuss the prevalence of human glioblastoma and the currently adopted treatment, as well as the structure and some essential functions of the BBB, to transport drugs through this barrier. We will also mention some aspects related to the blood-tumor brain barrier (BTBB) that lead to poor treatment efficacy. The properties and structure of serum albumin were highlighted, such as its role in targeting brain tumors, as well as the progress made until now regarding the techniques for obtaining albumin nanoparticles and their functionalization, in order to overcome the BBB and treat cancer, especially human glioblastoma. The albumin drug delivery nanosystems mentioned in this paper have improved properties and can overcome the BBB to target brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camelia-Elena Tincu (Iurciuc)
- Department of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, “Cristofor Simionescu” Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Protection of the Environment, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University, 73, Prof. Dimitrie Mangeron Street, 700050 Iasi, Romania;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16, University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Călin Vasile Andrițoiu
- Apitherapy Medical Center, Balanesti, Nr. 336-337, 217036 Gorj, Romania;
- Specialization of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, Liviu Rebreanu Street, 86, 310045 Arad, Romania
| | - Marcel Popa
- Department of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, “Cristofor Simionescu” Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Protection of the Environment, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University, 73, Prof. Dimitrie Mangeron Street, 700050 Iasi, Romania;
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Apollonia” University of Iasi, 11, Pacurari Street, 700511 Iasi, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 3 Ilfov Street, 050045 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Lăcrămioara Ochiuz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16, University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
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2
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Mowforth OD, Brannigan J, El Khoury M, Sarathi CIP, Bestwick H, Bhatti F, Mair R. Personalised therapeutic approaches to glioblastoma: A systematic review. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1166104. [PMID: 37122327 PMCID: PMC10140534 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1166104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Glioblastoma is the most common and malignant primary brain tumour with median survival of 14.6 months. Personalised medicine aims to improve survival by targeting individualised patient characteristics. However, a major limitation has been application of targeted therapies in a non-personalised manner without biomarker enrichment. This has risked therapies being discounted without fair and rigorous evaluation. The objective was therefore to synthesise the current evidence on survival efficacy of personalised therapies in glioblastoma. Methods Studies reporting a survival outcome in human adults with supratentorial glioblastoma were eligible. PRISMA guidelines were followed. MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library were searched to 5th May 2022. Clinicaltrials.gov was searched to 25th May 2022. Reference lists were hand-searched. Duplicate title/abstract screening, data extraction and risk of bias assessments were conducted. A quantitative synthesis is presented. Results A total of 102 trials were included: 16 were randomised and 41 studied newly diagnosed patients. Of 5,527 included patients, 59.4% were male and mean age was 53.7 years. More than 20 types of personalised therapy were included: targeted molecular therapies were the most studied (33.3%, 34/102), followed by autologous dendritic cell vaccines (32.4%, 33/102) and autologous tumour vaccines (10.8%, 11/102). There was no consistent evidence for survival efficacy of any personalised therapy. Conclusion Personalised glioblastoma therapies remain of unproven survival benefit. Evidence is inconsistent with high risk of bias. Nonetheless, encouraging results in some trials provide reason for optimism. Future focus should address target-enriched trials, combination therapies, longitudinal biomarker monitoring and standardised reporting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver D. Mowforth
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England, United Kingdom
| | - Jamie Brannigan
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England, United Kingdom
| | - Marc El Khoury
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England, United Kingdom
| | | | - Harry Bestwick
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England, United Kingdom
| | - Faheem Bhatti
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Mair
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Richard Mair,
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3
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Ramaiah MJ, Kumar KR. mTOR-Rictor-EGFR axis in oncogenesis and diagnosis of glioblastoma multiforme. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:4813-4835. [PMID: 34132942 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06462-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the aggressive brain cancers with patients having less survival period upto 12-15 months. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase, belongs to the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3K) pathway and is involved in various cellular processes of cancer cells. Cancer metabolism is regulated by mTOR and its components. mTOR forms two complexes as mTORC1 and mTORC2. Studies have identified the key component of the mTORC2 complex, Rapamycin-insensitive companion of mammalian target of rapamycin (Rictor) plays a prominent role in the regulation of cancer cell proliferation and metabolism. Apart, growth factor receptor signaling such as epidermal growth factor signaling mediated by epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) regulates cancer-related processes. In EGFR signaling various other signaling cascades such as phosphatidyl-inositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR pathway) and Ras/Raf/mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK kinase (MEK)/extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) -dependent signaling cross-talk each other. From various studies about GBM, it is very well established that Rictor and EGFR mediated signaling pathways majorly playing a pivotal role in chemoresistance and tumor aggressiveness. Recent studies have shown that non-coding RNAs such as microRNAs (miRs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate the EGFR and Rictor and sensitize the cells towards chemotherapeutic agents. Thus, understanding of microRNA mediated regulation of EGFR and Rictor will help in cancer prevention and management as well as a future therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Janaki Ramaiah
- Functional Genomics and Disease Biology Laboratory, School of Chemical and Biotechnology (SCBT), SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, 613401, Tamil Nadu, India.
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology (SCBT), SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, 613401, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - K Rohil Kumar
- Functional Genomics and Disease Biology Laboratory, School of Chemical and Biotechnology (SCBT), SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
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Chen Y, Niu J, Li L, Li Z, Jiang J, Zhu M, Dong T, Zhang J, Shi C, Xu P, Lu Y, Jiang Y, Liu P, Chen W. Polydatin executes anticancer effects against glioblastoma multiforme by inhibiting the EGFR-AKT/ERK1/2/STAT3-SOX2/Snail signaling pathway. Life Sci 2020; 258:118158. [PMID: 32750435 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is characterized by aggressive infiltration and terrible lethality. The overwhelming majority of chemotherapeutic drugs fail to exhibit the desired treatment effects. Polydatin (PD), which was initially extracted from Polygonum cuspidatum, is distinguished for its outstanding cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, and renal protective effects, as well as significant anticancer activities. However, the anti-GBM effect of PD is unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cell proliferation and apoptosis after PD intervention were estimated using MTT, colony formation and flow cytometry assays in vitro, while wound-healing and Transwell assays were applied to assess cell migration and invasion. In addition, the anti-GBM effects of PD in vivo were detected in the subcutaneous tumor model of nude mice. Moreover, Western blot, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical staining assays were employed to elaborate the relevant molecular mechanisms. KEY FINDINGS The present study demonstrated that PD repressed cell proliferation, migration, invasion and stemness and promoted apoptosis in GBM cells. Moreover, by correlating the molecular characteristics of cancer cells with different sensitivities to PD and employing diverse analytical methods, we ultimately verified that the cytotoxicity of PD was related to EGFR-AKT/ERK1/2/STAT3-SOX2/Snail signaling pathway inhibition, in which multiple components were vital therapeutic targets of GBM. SIGNIFICANCE This work demonstrated that PD could inhibit proliferation, migration, invasion and stemness and induce apoptosis by restraining multiple components of the EGFR-AKT/ERK1/2/STAT3-SOX2/Snail signaling pathway in GBM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaodong Chen
- Department of Ultrasonic Imaging, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China; Department of Abdominal Ultrasonography, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jiamei Niu
- Department of Abdominal Ultrasonography, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Lulu Li
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Zizhuo Li
- Department of Abdominal Ultrasonography, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jian Jiang
- Department of Abdominal Ultrasonography, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Mingwei Zhu
- Department of Abdominal Ultrasonography, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Tianxiu Dong
- Department of Abdominal Ultrasonography, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jiuwei Zhang
- Department of Abdominal Ultrasonography, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Chunying Shi
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yu Lu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Abdominal Ultrasonography, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Wu Chen
- Department of Ultrasonic Imaging, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China.
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Cordover E, Wei J, Patel C, Shan NL, Gionco J, Sargsyan D, Wu R, Cai L, Kong AN, Jacinto E, Minden A. KPT-9274, an Inhibitor of PAK4 and NAMPT, Leads to Downregulation of mTORC2 in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:482-491. [PMID: 31876149 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is difficult to treat due to lack of druggable targets. We have found that treatment with the small molecule inhibitor KPT-9274 inhibits growth of TNBC cells and eventually leads to cell death. KPT-9274 is a dual specific inhibitor of PAK4 and Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT). The PAK4 protein kinase is often highly expressed in TNBC cells and has important roles in cell growth, survival, and migration. Previously we have found that inhibition of PAK4 leads to growth inhibition of TNBC cells both in vitro and in vivo. Likewise, NAMPT has been shown to be dysregulated in cancer due to its role in cell metabolism. In order to understand better how treating cells with KPT-9274 abrogates TNBC cell growth, we carried out an RNA sequencing of TNBC cells treated with KPT-9274. As a result, we identified Rictor as an important target that is inhibited in the KPT-9274 treated cells. Conversely, we found that Rictor is predicted to be activated when PAK4 is overexpressed in cells, which suggests a role for PAK4 in the regulation of Rictor. Rictor is a component of mTORC2, one of the complexes formed by the serine/threonine kinase mTOR. mTOR is important for the control of cell growth and metabolism. Our results suggest a new mechanism by which the KPT-9274 compound may block the growth of breast cancer cells, which is via inhibition of mTORC2 signaling. Consistent with this, sequencing analysis of PAK4 overexpressing cells indicates that PAK4 has a role in activation of the mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Cordover
- Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy , Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , 164 Frelinghuysen Road , Piscataway , New Jersey 08854 , United States
| | - Janet Wei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School , 683 Hoes Lane , Piscataway , New Jersey 08854 , United States
| | - Chadni Patel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School , 683 Hoes Lane , Piscataway , New Jersey 08854 , United States
| | - Naing Lin Shan
- Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy , Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , 164 Frelinghuysen Road , Piscataway , New Jersey 08854 , United States
| | - John Gionco
- Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy , Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , 164 Frelinghuysen Road , Piscataway , New Jersey 08854 , United States
| | - Davit Sargsyan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy , Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , 164 Frelinghuysen Road , Piscataway , New Jersey 08854 , United States
| | - Renyi Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy , Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , 164 Frelinghuysen Road , Piscataway , New Jersey 08854 , United States
| | - Li Cai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , 599 Taylor Road , Piscataway , New Jersey 08854 , United States
| | - Ah-Ng Kong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy , Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , 164 Frelinghuysen Road , Piscataway , New Jersey 08854 , United States
| | - Estela Jacinto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School , 683 Hoes Lane , Piscataway , New Jersey 08854 , United States
| | - Audrey Minden
- Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy , Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , 164 Frelinghuysen Road , Piscataway , New Jersey 08854 , United States
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Magaway C, Kim E, Jacinto E. Targeting mTOR and Metabolism in Cancer: Lessons and Innovations. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121584. [PMID: 31817676 PMCID: PMC6952948 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells support their growth and proliferation by reprogramming their metabolism in order to gain access to nutrients. Despite the heterogeneity in genetic mutations that lead to tumorigenesis, a common alteration in tumors occurs in pathways that upregulate nutrient acquisition. A central signaling pathway that controls metabolic processes is the mTOR pathway. The elucidation of the regulation and functions of mTOR can be traced to the discovery of the natural compound, rapamycin. Studies using rapamycin have unraveled the role of mTOR in the control of cell growth and metabolism. By sensing the intracellular nutrient status, mTOR orchestrates metabolic reprogramming by controlling nutrient uptake and flux through various metabolic pathways. The central role of mTOR in metabolic rewiring makes it a promising target for cancer therapy. Numerous clinical trials are ongoing to evaluate the efficacy of mTOR inhibition for cancer treatment. Rapamycin analogs have been approved to treat specific types of cancer. Since rapamycin does not fully inhibit mTOR activity, new compounds have been engineered to inhibit the catalytic activity of mTOR to more potently block its functions. Despite highly promising pre-clinical studies, early clinical trial results of these second generation mTOR inhibitors revealed increased toxicity and modest antitumor activity. The plasticity of metabolic processes and seemingly enormous capacity of malignant cells to salvage nutrients through various mechanisms make cancer therapy extremely challenging. Therefore, identifying metabolic vulnerabilities in different types of tumors would present opportunities for rational therapeutic strategies. Understanding how the different sources of nutrients are metabolized not just by the growing tumor but also by other cells from the microenvironment, in particular, immune cells, will also facilitate the design of more sophisticated and effective therapeutic regimen. In this review, we discuss the functions of mTOR in cancer metabolism that have been illuminated from pre-clinical studies. We then review key findings from clinical trials that target mTOR and the lessons we have learned from both pre-clinical and clinical studies that could provide insights on innovative therapeutic strategies, including immunotherapy to target mTOR signaling and the metabolic network in cancer.
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Gkountakos A, Pilotto S, Mafficini A, Vicentini C, Simbolo M, Milella M, Tortora G, Scarpa A, Bria E, Corbo V. Unmasking the impact of Rictor in cancer: novel insights of mTORC2 complex. Carcinogenesis 2019; 39:971-980. [PMID: 29955840 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic alterations affecting components of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway are found rather frequently in cancers, suggesting that aberrant pathway activity is implicated in oncogenesis of different tumor types. mTOR functions as the core catalytic kinase of two distinct complexes, mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and 2 (mTORC2), which control numerous vital cellular processes. There is growing evidence indicating that Rictor, an essential subunit of the mTORC2 complex, is inappropriately overexpressed across numerous cancer types and this is associated with poor survival. To date, the candidate mechanisms responsible for aberrant Rictor expression described in cancer are two: (i) gene amplification and (ii) epigenetic regulation, mainly by microRNAs. Moreover, different mTOR-independent Rictor-containing complexes with oncogenic role have been documented, revealing alternative routes of Rictor-driven tumorigenesis, but simultaneously, paving the way for identifying novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Here, we review the main preclinical and clinical data regarding the role of Rictor in carcinogenesis and metastatic behavior as well as the potentiality of its alteration as a target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios Gkountakos
- Section of Pathology, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Sara Pilotto
- Medical Oncology Section, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Andrea Mafficini
- ARC-NET Applied Research on Cancer Center, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Caterina Vicentini
- Section of Pathology, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,ARC-NET Applied Research on Cancer Center, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Michele Simbolo
- Section of Pathology, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Michele Milella
- Medical Oncology 1, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Tortora
- Medical Oncology Section, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Aldo Scarpa
- Section of Pathology, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,ARC-NET Applied Research on Cancer Center, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Emilio Bria
- Medical Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Corbo
- Section of Pathology, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,ARC-NET Applied Research on Cancer Center, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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8
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Zhang J, Han Z, Dong L, Li Z, Li K, Shi M, Liu Z, Li J. [MicroRNA-152 and microRNA-448 inhibit proliferation of colorectal cancer cells in vitro by targeting Rictor]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2019; 39:533-539. [PMID: 31140416 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2019.05.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To screen the microRNAs (miRNAs) targeting Rictor and investigate their effects in regulating the biological behaviors of colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS Human colorectal cancer cell line KM12SM was transfected with the miRNAs targeting Rictor identified by prediction software to test inhibitory effects of these miRNAs on Rictor expression using qRT-PCR and Western blotting. Dual luciferase reporter assay was used to further confirm the binding of these miRNAs to the 3'UTR of Rictor mRNA. Cell survival and colony formation assays were used to investigate the effects of these miRNAs on survival and colony formation in KM12SM cells. RESULTS miR-152 and miR-448 were identified as the Rictor-targeting miRNAs, which significantly inhibited the expression of Rictor in KM12SM cells (P < 0.05). The two miRNAs were confirmed to bind to the 3'UTR of Rictor mRNA and significantly inhibited luciferase activity in KM12SM cells (P < 0.01, P < 0.05); they also showed activities of posttranscriptional modulation of Rictor. Overexpression of miR-152 and miR-448 both significantly inhibited the growth and colony formation of KM12SM cells. CONCLUSIONS miR-152 and miR-448 can down-regulate the protein expression of Rictor by targeting Rictor mRNA to negatively regulate the growth and colony formation of colorectal cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.,Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Hebei Province, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Zengsheng Han
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.,Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Hebei Province, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.,Research Center of Functional Nucleic Acids Engineering in Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Lixin Dong
- Department of Oncology, First Hospital of Qinhuangdao City, Qinhuangdao 066000, China
| | - Zhen Li
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.,Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Hebei Province, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Kun Li
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.,Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Hebei Province, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.,Research Center of Functional Nucleic Acids Engineering in Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Ming Shi
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.,Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Hebei Province, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.,Research Center of Functional Nucleic Acids Engineering in Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.,Qinhuangdao Biopha Biotechnology co. LTD., Qinhuangdao 066000, China
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.,Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Hebei Province, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.,Research Center of Functional Nucleic Acids Engineering in Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.,Qinhuangdao Biopha Biotechnology co. LTD., Qinhuangdao 066000, China
| | - Jian Li
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.,Research Center of Functional Nucleic Acids Engineering in Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
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9
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Xu PF, Yang JA, Liu JH, Yang X, Liao JM, Yuan FE, Liu BH, Chen QX. PI3Kβ inhibitor AZD6482 exerts antiproliferative activity and induces apoptosis in human glioblastoma cells. Oncol Rep 2018; 41:125-132. [PMID: 30542720 PMCID: PMC6278584 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common type of primary brain tumour in adults, and its pathogenesis is particularly complicated. Among the many possible mechanisms underlying its pathogenesis, hyperactivation of the PI3K/Akt pathway is essential to the occurrence and development of glioma through the loss of PTEN or somatic activating mutations in PIK3CA. In the present study, we investigated the effect of the PI3Kβ inhibitor AZD6482 on glioma cells. The CCK-8 assay showed dose-dependent cytotoxicity in glioma cell lines treated with AZD6482. Additionally, AZD6482 treatment was found to significantly induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest as detected using flow cytometry. Moreover, as shown using western blot analysis, the levels of p-AKT, p-GSK-3β, Bcl-2, and cyclin D1 were decreased after AZD6482 treatment. In addition, we found that AZD6482 inhibited the migration and invasion of glioma cells as detected by wound healing and Transwell invasion assays. Taken together, our findings indicate that AZD6482 exerts an antitumour effect by inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis in human glioma cells. AZD6482 may be applied as an adjuvant therapy to improve the therapeutic efficacy of glioblastoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Fei Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Ji-An Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Hui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Xue Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Ming Liao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Fan-En Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Bao-Hui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Qian-Xue Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
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Jebali A, Dumaz N. The role of RICTOR downstream of receptor tyrosine kinase in cancers. Mol Cancer 2018; 17:39. [PMID: 29455662 PMCID: PMC5817857 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-018-0794-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of the network defined by phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), AKT and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) downstream of Receptor Tyrosine Kinase (RTK) has been known for many years but the central role of RICTOR (rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR) in this pathway is only starting to emerge. RICTOR is critical for mTORC2 (the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2) kinase activity and as such plays a key role downstream of RTK. Alterations of RICTOR have been identified in a number of cancer cell types and its involvement in tumorigenesis has begun to be unraveled recently. Here, we summarize new research into the biology of RICTOR signaling in cancers focusing on tumors with altered RTK. We show that, as a key signaling node and critical effector of RTKs, RICTOR is becoming a valuable therapeutic target in cancer with altered RTK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahlem Jebali
- INSERM, U976, Centre de Recherche sur la Peau, Hôpital Saint Louis, F-75010, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75475 Paris cedex 10, Paris, France.,Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR 976, F-75010, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Dumaz
- INSERM, U976, Centre de Recherche sur la Peau, Hôpital Saint Louis, F-75010, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75475 Paris cedex 10, Paris, France. .,Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR 976, F-75010, Paris, France.
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11
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Wang L, Qi J, Yu J, Chen H, Zou Z, Lin X, Guo L. Overexpression of Rictor protein in colorectal cancer is correlated with tumor progression and prognosis. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:6198-6202. [PMID: 29113267 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to understand the clinical significance of rapamycin-insensitive companion of mammalian target of rapamycin (Rictor) in colorectal cancer (CRC), 62 CRC tissue samples excised during operations were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Analysis of the association between the expression level of Rictor protein and clinicopathological parameters demonstrated that the expression level of Rictor in CRC tissues was significantly higher than that in paracarcinoma tissues (P<0.0001). In cellular experiments, this result was further confirmed by comparing differences in Rictor expression between the CRC cell lines HCT116, SW480 and LoVo, and the human normal liver cell line HL-7702. It was also noticed that the expression of Rictor was associated with Dukes stage, lymphatic metastasis and prognosis, as determined by χ2 test, Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank test. These results suggest that Rictor may be a novel target for the treatment and prognostic assessment of CRC patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
| | - Jia Qi
- Department of General Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
| | - Jinlong Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
| | - Haijin Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
| | - Zhaowei Zou
- Department of General Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohua Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
| | - Linlang Guo
- Department of Pathology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
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12
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Li C, Tan J, Chang J, Li W, Liu Z, Li N, Ji Y. Radioiodine-labeled anti-epidermal growth factor receptor binding bovine serum albumin-polycaprolactone for targeting imaging of glioblastoma. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:2919-2926. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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13
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Raizer JJ, Giglio P, Hu J, Groves M, Merrell R, Conrad C, Phuphanich S, Puduvalli VK, Loghin M, Paleologos N, Yuan Y, Liu D, Rademaker A, Yung WK, Vaillant B, Rudnick J, Chamberlain M, Vick N, Grimm S, Tremont-Lukats IW, De Groot J, Aldape K, Gilbert MR. A phase II study of bevacizumab and erlotinib after radiation and temozolomide in MGMT unmethylated GBM patients. J Neurooncol 2016; 126:185-192. [PMID: 26476729 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-015-1958-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Survival for glioblastoma (GBM) patients with an unmethyated MGMT promoter in their tumor is generally worse than methylated MGMT tumors, as temozolomide (TMZ) response is limited. How to better treat patients with unmethylated MGMT is unknown. We performed a trial combining erlotinib and bevacizumab in unmethylated GBM patients after completion of radiation (RT) and TMZ. GBM patients with an unmethylated MGMT promoter were trial eligible. Patient received standard RT (60 Gy) and TMZ (75 mg/m2 × 6 weeks) after surgical resection of their tumor. After completion of RT they started erlotinib 150 mg daily and bevacizumab 10 mg/kg every 2 weeks until progression. Imaging evaluations occurred every 8 weeks. The primary endpoint was overall survival. Of the 48 unmethylated patients enrolled, 46 were evaluable (29 men and 17 women); median age was 55.5 years (29-75) and median KPS was 90 (70-100). All patients completed RT with TMZ. The median number of cycles (1 cycle was 4 weeks) was 8 (2-47). Forty-one patients either progressed or died with a median progression free survival of 9.2 months. At a follow up of 33 months the median overall survival was 13.2 months. There were no unexpected toxicities and most observed toxicities were categorized as CTC grade 1 or 2. The combination of erlotinib and bevacizumab is tolerable but did not meet our primary endpoint of increasing survival. Importantly, more trials are needed to find better therapies for GBM patients with an unmethylated MGMT promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Raizer
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, 710 North Lake Shore Drive, Abbott Hall, Room 1123, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
| | - P Giglio
- James Cancer Hospital, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - J Hu
- Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, USA
| | - M Groves
- Austin Brain Tumor Center, Austin, USA
| | - R Merrell
- Department of Neurology, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, USA
| | - C Conrad
- Austin Brain Tumor Center, Austin, USA
| | - S Phuphanich
- Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, USA
| | - V K Puduvalli
- James Cancer Hospital, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - M Loghin
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - N Paleologos
- Department of Neurology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA
| | - Y Yuan
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - D Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - A Rademaker
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
| | - W K Yung
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - B Vaillant
- Dell Medical School, The University of Texas, Austin, USA
| | - J Rudnick
- Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, USA
| | - M Chamberlain
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - N Vick
- Department of Neurology, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, USA
| | - S Grimm
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, 710 North Lake Shore Drive, Abbott Hall, Room 1123, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - I W Tremont-Lukats
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - J De Groot
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - K Aldape
- Department of Pathology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
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14
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Matsumoto CS, Almeida LO, Guimarães DM, Martins MD, Papagerakis P, Papagerakis S, Leopoldino AM, Castilho RM, Squarize CH. PI3K-PTEN dysregulation leads to mTOR-driven upregulation of the core clock gene BMAL1 in normal and malignant epithelial cells. Oncotarget 2016; 7:42393-42407. [PMID: 27285754 PMCID: PMC5173143 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunctional clock signaling is observed in a variety of pathological conditions. Many members of the clock gene family are upregulated in tumor cells. Here, we explored the consequences of a commonly disrupted signaling pathway in head and neck cancer on the regulation of circadian clock genes. PTEN is a key molecular controller of the PI3K signaling, and loss of PTEN function is often observed in a variety of cancers. Our main goal was to determine whether PTEN regulates circadian clock signaling. We found that oxidation-driven loss of PTEN function resulted in the activation of mTOR signaling and activation of the core clock protein BMAL1 (also known as ARNTL). The PTEN-induced BMAL1 upregulation was further confirmed using small interference RNA targeting PTEN, and in vivo conditional depletion of PTEN from the epidermis. We observed that PTEN-driven accumulation of BMAL1 was mTOR-mediated and that administration of Rapamycin, a specific mTOR inhibitor, resulted in in vivo rescue of normal levels of BMAL1. Accumulation of BMAL1 by deletion of PER2, a Period family gene, was also rescued upon in vivo administration of mTOR inhibitor. Notably, BMAL1 regulation requires mTOR regulatory protein Raptor and Rictor. These findings indicate that mTORC1 and mTORC2 complex plays a critical role in controlling BMAL1, establishing a connection between PI3K signaling and the regulation of circadian rhythm, ultimately resulting in deregulated BMAL1 in tumor cells with disrupted PI3K signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila S. Matsumoto
- Laboratory of Epithelial Biology, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Bromatology, School of Pharmacy, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciana O. Almeida
- Laboratory of Epithelial Biology, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Douglas M. Guimarães
- Laboratory of Epithelial Biology, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Manoela D. Martins
- Laboratory of Epithelial Biology, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Petros Papagerakis
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Center for Organogenesis, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Silvana Papagerakis
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Andreia M. Leopoldino
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Bromatology, School of Pharmacy, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rogerio M. Castilho
- Laboratory of Epithelial Biology, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Cristiane H. Squarize
- Laboratory of Epithelial Biology, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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15
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Rios A, Hsu SH, Blanco A, Buryanek J, Day AL, McGuire MF, Brown RE. Durable response of glioblastoma to adjuvant therapy consisting of temozolomide and a weekly dose of AMD3100 (plerixafor), a CXCR4 inhibitor, together with lapatinib, metformin and niacinamide. Oncoscience 2016; 3:156-63. [PMID: 27489862 PMCID: PMC4965258 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a CNS (central nervous system) malignancy with a low cure rate. Median time to progression after standard treatment is 7 months and median overall survival is 15 months [1]. Post-treatment vasculogenesis promoted by recruitment of bone marrow derived cells (BMDCs, CD11b+ myelomonocytes) is one of main mechanisms of GBM resistance to initial chemoradiotherapy treatment [2]. Local secretion of SDF-1, cognate ligand of BMDCs CXCR4 receptors attracts BMDCs to the post-radiation tumor site.[3]. This SDF-1 hypoxia-dependent effect can be blocked by AMD3100 (plerixafor) [4]. We report a GBM case treated after chemo- radiotherapy with plerixafor and a combination of an mTOR, a Sirt1 and an EGFRvIII inhibitor. After one year temozolomide and the EGFRvIII inhibitor were stopped. Plerixafor, and the MTOR and Sirt-1 inhibitors were continued. He is in clinical and radiologic remission 30 months from the initiation of his adjuvant treatment. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a patient treated for over two years with a CXCR4 inhibitor (plerixafor), as part of his adjuvant treatment. We believe there is sufficient experimental evidence to consider AMD3100 (plerixafor) part of the adjuvant treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adan Rios
- Division of Oncology at UTHealth McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sigmund H Hsu
- Department of Neurosurgery at UTHealth McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Angel Blanco
- Memorial Hermann Hospital, Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jamie Buryanek
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine at UTHealth McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Arthur L Day
- Department of Neurosurgery at UTHealth McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mary F McGuire
- Adjunct Faculty, Mathematics & Computer Science at University of St. Thomas-Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robert E Brown
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine at UTHealth McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
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16
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Sestito S, Daniele S, Nesi G, Zappelli E, Di Maio D, Marinelli L, Digiacomo M, Lapucci A, Martini C, Novellino E, Rapposelli S. Locking PDK1 in DFG-out conformation through 2-oxo-indole containing molecules: Another tools to fight glioblastoma. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 118:47-63. [PMID: 27123901 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 (PDK1) is one of the main components of the PI3K/Akt pathway. Also named the "master kinase" of the AGC family, PDK1 plays a critical role in tumorigenesis, by enhancing cell proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis, as well as in cell invasion and metastasis formation. Although there have been done huge efforts in discovering specific compounds targeting PDK1, nowadays no PDK1 inhibitor has yet entered the clinic. With the aim to pick out novel and potent PDK1 inhibitors, herein we report the design and synthesis of a new class of molecules obtained by merging the 2-oxo-indole nucleus with the 2-oxo-pyridonyl fragment, two moieties with high affinity for the PDK1 hinge region and its DFG-out binding site, respectively. To this purpose, a small series of compounds were synthesised and a tandem application of docking and Molecular Dynamic (MD) was employed to get insight into their mode of binding. The OXID-pyridonyl hybrid 8, possessing the lower IC50 (IC50 = 112 nM), was also tested against recombinant kinases involved in the PI3K/PDK1/Akt pathway and was subjected to vitro studies to evaluate the cytotoxicity and the inhibition of tumour cell migration. All together the results let us to consider 8, as a lead compound of a new generation of PDK1 inhibitors and encourage us to further studies in this direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Sestito
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno, 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Simona Daniele
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno, 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulia Nesi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno, 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisa Zappelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno, 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Danilo Di Maio
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, I-56126 Pisa, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Largo Bruno Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Maria Digiacomo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno, 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Annalina Lapucci
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno, 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudia Martini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno, 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Simona Rapposelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno, 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
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17
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Sestito S, Nesi G, Daniele S, Martelli A, Digiacomo M, Borghini A, Pietra D, Calderone V, Lapucci A, Falasca M, Parrella P, Notarangelo A, Breschi MC, Macchia M, Martini C, Rapposelli S. Design and synthesis of 2-oxindole based multi-targeted inhibitors of PDK1/Akt signaling pathway for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 105:274-88. [PMID: 26498573 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Aggressive behavior and diffuse infiltrative growth are the main features of Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), together with the high degree of resistance and recurrence. Evidence indicate that GBM-derived stem cells (GSCs), endowed with unlimited proliferative potential, play a critical role in tumor development and maintenance. Among the many signaling pathways involved in maintaining GSC stemness, tumorigenic potential, and anti-apoptotic properties, the PDK1/Akt pathway is a challenging target to develop new potential agents able to affect GBM resistance to chemotherapy. In an effort to find new PDK1/Akt inhibitors, we rationally designed and synthesized a small family of 2-oxindole derivatives. Among them, compound 3 inhibited PDK1 kinase and downstream effectors such as CHK1, GS3Kα and GS3Kβ, which contribute to GCS survival. Compound 3 appeared to be a good tool for studying the role of the PDK1/Akt pathway in GCS self-renewal and tumorigenicity, and might represent the starting point for the development of more potent and focused multi-target therapies for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Sestito
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno, 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulia Nesi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno, 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Simona Daniele
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno, 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alma Martelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno, 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Digiacomo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno, 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alice Borghini
- Alidans S.r.l., Via Vecchializia, 48, 56017 San Giuliano Terme, PI, Italy
| | - Daniele Pietra
- Alidans S.r.l., Via Vecchializia, 48, 56017 San Giuliano Terme, PI, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Calderone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno, 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Annalina Lapucci
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno, 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Falasca
- Metabolic Signalling Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute Biosciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Paola Parrella
- Laboratory of Oncology, Hospital "Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza", Viale Cappuccini, 1, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | - Angelantonio Notarangelo
- Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, I-71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | - Maria C Breschi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno, 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Macchia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno, 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudia Martini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno, 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Simona Rapposelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno, 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
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18
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Prados MD, Byron SA, Tran NL, Phillips JJ, Molinaro AM, Ligon KL, Wen PY, Kuhn JG, Mellinghoff IK, de Groot JF, Colman H, Cloughesy TF, Chang SM, Ryken TC, Tembe WD, Kiefer JA, Berens ME, Craig DW, Carpten JD, Trent JM. Toward precision medicine in glioblastoma: the promise and the challenges. Neuro Oncol 2015; 17:1051-63. [PMID: 25934816 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nov031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrated sequencing strategies have provided a broader understanding of the genomic landscape and molecular classifications of multiple cancer types and have identified various therapeutic opportunities across cancer subsets. Despite pivotal advances in the characterization of genomic alterations in glioblastoma, targeted agents have shown minimal efficacy in clinical trials to date, and patient survival remains poor. In this review, we highlight potential reasons why targeting single alterations has yielded limited clinical efficacy in glioblastoma, focusing on issues of tumor heterogeneity and pharmacokinetic failure. We outline strategies to address these challenges in applying precision medicine to glioblastoma and the rationale for applying targeted combination therapy approaches that match genomic alterations with compounds accessible to the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Prados
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (M.D.P, J.J.P., A.M.M., S.M.C.); Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona (S.A.B., N.L.T., W.D.T., J.A.K., M.E.B., D.W.C., J.D.C., J.M.T.); Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts (K.L.L., P.Y.W.); University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas (J.G.K.); Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (I.K.M.); The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (J.F.d.G.); University of Utah Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.C.); University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (T.F.C.); Iowa Spine and Brain Institute, Waterloo, Iowa (T.C.R.)
| | - Sara A Byron
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (M.D.P, J.J.P., A.M.M., S.M.C.); Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona (S.A.B., N.L.T., W.D.T., J.A.K., M.E.B., D.W.C., J.D.C., J.M.T.); Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts (K.L.L., P.Y.W.); University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas (J.G.K.); Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (I.K.M.); The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (J.F.d.G.); University of Utah Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.C.); University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (T.F.C.); Iowa Spine and Brain Institute, Waterloo, Iowa (T.C.R.)
| | - Nhan L Tran
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (M.D.P, J.J.P., A.M.M., S.M.C.); Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona (S.A.B., N.L.T., W.D.T., J.A.K., M.E.B., D.W.C., J.D.C., J.M.T.); Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts (K.L.L., P.Y.W.); University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas (J.G.K.); Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (I.K.M.); The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (J.F.d.G.); University of Utah Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.C.); University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (T.F.C.); Iowa Spine and Brain Institute, Waterloo, Iowa (T.C.R.)
| | - Joanna J Phillips
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (M.D.P, J.J.P., A.M.M., S.M.C.); Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona (S.A.B., N.L.T., W.D.T., J.A.K., M.E.B., D.W.C., J.D.C., J.M.T.); Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts (K.L.L., P.Y.W.); University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas (J.G.K.); Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (I.K.M.); The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (J.F.d.G.); University of Utah Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.C.); University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (T.F.C.); Iowa Spine and Brain Institute, Waterloo, Iowa (T.C.R.)
| | - Annette M Molinaro
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (M.D.P, J.J.P., A.M.M., S.M.C.); Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona (S.A.B., N.L.T., W.D.T., J.A.K., M.E.B., D.W.C., J.D.C., J.M.T.); Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts (K.L.L., P.Y.W.); University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas (J.G.K.); Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (I.K.M.); The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (J.F.d.G.); University of Utah Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.C.); University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (T.F.C.); Iowa Spine and Brain Institute, Waterloo, Iowa (T.C.R.)
| | - Keith L Ligon
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (M.D.P, J.J.P., A.M.M., S.M.C.); Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona (S.A.B., N.L.T., W.D.T., J.A.K., M.E.B., D.W.C., J.D.C., J.M.T.); Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts (K.L.L., P.Y.W.); University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas (J.G.K.); Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (I.K.M.); The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (J.F.d.G.); University of Utah Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.C.); University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (T.F.C.); Iowa Spine and Brain Institute, Waterloo, Iowa (T.C.R.)
| | - Patrick Y Wen
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (M.D.P, J.J.P., A.M.M., S.M.C.); Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona (S.A.B., N.L.T., W.D.T., J.A.K., M.E.B., D.W.C., J.D.C., J.M.T.); Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts (K.L.L., P.Y.W.); University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas (J.G.K.); Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (I.K.M.); The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (J.F.d.G.); University of Utah Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.C.); University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (T.F.C.); Iowa Spine and Brain Institute, Waterloo, Iowa (T.C.R.)
| | - John G Kuhn
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (M.D.P, J.J.P., A.M.M., S.M.C.); Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona (S.A.B., N.L.T., W.D.T., J.A.K., M.E.B., D.W.C., J.D.C., J.M.T.); Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts (K.L.L., P.Y.W.); University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas (J.G.K.); Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (I.K.M.); The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (J.F.d.G.); University of Utah Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.C.); University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (T.F.C.); Iowa Spine and Brain Institute, Waterloo, Iowa (T.C.R.)
| | - Ingo K Mellinghoff
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (M.D.P, J.J.P., A.M.M., S.M.C.); Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona (S.A.B., N.L.T., W.D.T., J.A.K., M.E.B., D.W.C., J.D.C., J.M.T.); Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts (K.L.L., P.Y.W.); University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas (J.G.K.); Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (I.K.M.); The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (J.F.d.G.); University of Utah Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.C.); University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (T.F.C.); Iowa Spine and Brain Institute, Waterloo, Iowa (T.C.R.)
| | - John F de Groot
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (M.D.P, J.J.P., A.M.M., S.M.C.); Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona (S.A.B., N.L.T., W.D.T., J.A.K., M.E.B., D.W.C., J.D.C., J.M.T.); Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts (K.L.L., P.Y.W.); University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas (J.G.K.); Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (I.K.M.); The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (J.F.d.G.); University of Utah Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.C.); University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (T.F.C.); Iowa Spine and Brain Institute, Waterloo, Iowa (T.C.R.)
| | - Howard Colman
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (M.D.P, J.J.P., A.M.M., S.M.C.); Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona (S.A.B., N.L.T., W.D.T., J.A.K., M.E.B., D.W.C., J.D.C., J.M.T.); Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts (K.L.L., P.Y.W.); University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas (J.G.K.); Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (I.K.M.); The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (J.F.d.G.); University of Utah Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.C.); University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (T.F.C.); Iowa Spine and Brain Institute, Waterloo, Iowa (T.C.R.)
| | - Timothy F Cloughesy
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (M.D.P, J.J.P., A.M.M., S.M.C.); Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona (S.A.B., N.L.T., W.D.T., J.A.K., M.E.B., D.W.C., J.D.C., J.M.T.); Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts (K.L.L., P.Y.W.); University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas (J.G.K.); Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (I.K.M.); The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (J.F.d.G.); University of Utah Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.C.); University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (T.F.C.); Iowa Spine and Brain Institute, Waterloo, Iowa (T.C.R.)
| | - Susan M Chang
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (M.D.P, J.J.P., A.M.M., S.M.C.); Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona (S.A.B., N.L.T., W.D.T., J.A.K., M.E.B., D.W.C., J.D.C., J.M.T.); Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts (K.L.L., P.Y.W.); University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas (J.G.K.); Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (I.K.M.); The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (J.F.d.G.); University of Utah Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.C.); University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (T.F.C.); Iowa Spine and Brain Institute, Waterloo, Iowa (T.C.R.)
| | - Timothy C Ryken
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (M.D.P, J.J.P., A.M.M., S.M.C.); Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona (S.A.B., N.L.T., W.D.T., J.A.K., M.E.B., D.W.C., J.D.C., J.M.T.); Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts (K.L.L., P.Y.W.); University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas (J.G.K.); Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (I.K.M.); The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (J.F.d.G.); University of Utah Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.C.); University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (T.F.C.); Iowa Spine and Brain Institute, Waterloo, Iowa (T.C.R.)
| | - Waibhav D Tembe
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (M.D.P, J.J.P., A.M.M., S.M.C.); Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona (S.A.B., N.L.T., W.D.T., J.A.K., M.E.B., D.W.C., J.D.C., J.M.T.); Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts (K.L.L., P.Y.W.); University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas (J.G.K.); Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (I.K.M.); The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (J.F.d.G.); University of Utah Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.C.); University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (T.F.C.); Iowa Spine and Brain Institute, Waterloo, Iowa (T.C.R.)
| | - Jeffrey A Kiefer
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (M.D.P, J.J.P., A.M.M., S.M.C.); Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona (S.A.B., N.L.T., W.D.T., J.A.K., M.E.B., D.W.C., J.D.C., J.M.T.); Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts (K.L.L., P.Y.W.); University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas (J.G.K.); Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (I.K.M.); The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (J.F.d.G.); University of Utah Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.C.); University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (T.F.C.); Iowa Spine and Brain Institute, Waterloo, Iowa (T.C.R.)
| | - Michael E Berens
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (M.D.P, J.J.P., A.M.M., S.M.C.); Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona (S.A.B., N.L.T., W.D.T., J.A.K., M.E.B., D.W.C., J.D.C., J.M.T.); Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts (K.L.L., P.Y.W.); University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas (J.G.K.); Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (I.K.M.); The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (J.F.d.G.); University of Utah Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.C.); University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (T.F.C.); Iowa Spine and Brain Institute, Waterloo, Iowa (T.C.R.)
| | - David W Craig
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (M.D.P, J.J.P., A.M.M., S.M.C.); Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona (S.A.B., N.L.T., W.D.T., J.A.K., M.E.B., D.W.C., J.D.C., J.M.T.); Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts (K.L.L., P.Y.W.); University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas (J.G.K.); Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (I.K.M.); The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (J.F.d.G.); University of Utah Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.C.); University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (T.F.C.); Iowa Spine and Brain Institute, Waterloo, Iowa (T.C.R.)
| | - John D Carpten
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (M.D.P, J.J.P., A.M.M., S.M.C.); Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona (S.A.B., N.L.T., W.D.T., J.A.K., M.E.B., D.W.C., J.D.C., J.M.T.); Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts (K.L.L., P.Y.W.); University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas (J.G.K.); Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (I.K.M.); The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (J.F.d.G.); University of Utah Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.C.); University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (T.F.C.); Iowa Spine and Brain Institute, Waterloo, Iowa (T.C.R.)
| | - Jeffrey M Trent
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (M.D.P, J.J.P., A.M.M., S.M.C.); Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona (S.A.B., N.L.T., W.D.T., J.A.K., M.E.B., D.W.C., J.D.C., J.M.T.); Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts (K.L.L., P.Y.W.); University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas (J.G.K.); Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (I.K.M.); The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (J.F.d.G.); University of Utah Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.C.); University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (T.F.C.); Iowa Spine and Brain Institute, Waterloo, Iowa (T.C.R.)
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19
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Castro GN, Cayado-Gutiérrez N, Zoppino FCM, Fanelli MA, Cuello-Carrión FD, Sottile M, Nadin SB, Ciocca DR. Effects of temozolomide (TMZ) on the expression and interaction of heat shock proteins (HSPs) and DNA repair proteins in human malignant glioma cells. Cell Stress Chaperones 2015; 20:253-65. [PMID: 25155585 PMCID: PMC4326375 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-014-0537-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported the association of HSPA1A and HSPB1 with high-grade astrocytomas, suggesting that these proteins might be involved in disease outcome and response to treatment. With the aim to better understand the resistance/susceptibility processes associated to temozolomide (TMZ) treatment, the current study was performed in three human malignant glioma cell lines by focusing on several levels: (a) apoptotic index and senescence, (b) DNA damage, and (c) interaction of HSPB1 with players of the DNA damage response. Three human glioma cell lines, Gli36, U87, and DBTRG, were treated with TMZ evaluating cell viability and survival, apoptosis, senescence, and comets (comet assay). The expression of HSPA (HSPA1A and HSPA8), HSPB1, O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), MLH1, and MSH2 was determined by immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence, and Western blot. Immunoprecipitation was used to analyze protein interaction. The cell lines exhibited differences in viability, apoptosis, and senescence after TMZ administration. We then focused on Gli36 cells (relatively unstudied) which showed very low recovery capacity following TMZ treatment, and this was related to high DNA damage levels; however, the cells maintained their viability. In these cells, MGMT, MSH2, HSPA, and HSPB1 levels increased significantly after TMZ administration. In addition, MSH2 and HSPB1 proteins appeared co-localized by confocal microscopy. This co-localization increased after TMZ treatment, and in immunoprecipitation analysis, MSH2 and HSPB1 appeared interacting. In contrast, HSPB1 did not interact with MGMT. We show in glioma cells the biological effects of TMZ and how this drug affects the expression levels of heat shock proteins (HSPs), MGMT, MSH2, and MLH1. In Gli36 cells, the results suggest that interactions between HSPB1 and MSH2, including co-nuclear localization, may be important in determining cell sensitivity to TMZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Natalia Castro
- />Oncology Laboratory, IMBECU-CCT, CONICET, National Research Council, Av. Dr. Ruiz Leal s/n, Parque General San Martín, CP 5500 Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Niubys Cayado-Gutiérrez
- />Oncology Laboratory, IMBECU-CCT, CONICET, National Research Council, Av. Dr. Ruiz Leal s/n, Parque General San Martín, CP 5500 Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Felipe Carlos Martín Zoppino
- />Oncology Laboratory, IMBECU-CCT, CONICET, National Research Council, Av. Dr. Ruiz Leal s/n, Parque General San Martín, CP 5500 Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Mariel Andrea Fanelli
- />Oncology Laboratory, IMBECU-CCT, CONICET, National Research Council, Av. Dr. Ruiz Leal s/n, Parque General San Martín, CP 5500 Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Fernando Darío Cuello-Carrión
- />Oncology Laboratory, IMBECU-CCT, CONICET, National Research Council, Av. Dr. Ruiz Leal s/n, Parque General San Martín, CP 5500 Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Mayra Sottile
- />Tumor Biology Laboratory, IMBECU-CCT, CONICET, National Research Council, Av. Dr. Ruiz Leal s/n, Parque General San Martín, CP 5500 Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Silvina Beatriz Nadin
- />Tumor Biology Laboratory, IMBECU-CCT, CONICET, National Research Council, Av. Dr. Ruiz Leal s/n, Parque General San Martín, CP 5500 Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Daniel Ramón Ciocca
- />Oncology Laboratory, IMBECU-CCT, CONICET, National Research Council, Av. Dr. Ruiz Leal s/n, Parque General San Martín, CP 5500 Mendoza, Argentina
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20
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Danhier F, Messaoudi K, Lemaire L, Benoit JP, Lagarce F. Combined anti-Galectin-1 and anti-EGFR siRNA-loaded chitosan-lipid nanocapsules decrease temozolomide resistance in glioblastoma: in vivo evaluation. Int J Pharm 2015; 481:154-61. [PMID: 25644286 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most frequent primary malignant brain tumor in adults. Despite treatments including surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy by oral Temozolomide (TMZ), the prognosis of patients with glioblastoma remains very poor. This is partly due to the resistance of malignant cells to therapy particularly TMZ. Overexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and Galectin-1 by tumor cells significantly contributes to TMZ resistance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate in vivo, the effect of local administration by convection enhanced delivery (CED) of the anti-EGFR and anti-Galectin-1 siRNAs administered separately or in combination on (i) the survival of nude mice-bearing orthotopic U87MG glioblastoma cells and on (ii) the EGFR and Galectin-1 expression in excised U87MG tumor tissue. Both siRNAs were carried by chitosan lipid nanocapsules (LNCs). Survival of mice treated 14 days after tumor implantation by the combination of anti-EGFR and anti-Galectin-1 siRNAs and TMZ (40 mg/kg) was significantly increased compared to animals treated by single anti-EGFR or anti-Galectin-1 siRNAs carried by chitosan-LNCs. This was confirmed by a decreased EGFR and Galectin-1 expression at the protein level in excised U87MG tumor tissue, 8 days post-transfection, visualized by immunofluorescence. This study demonstrates the potential of our strategy in glioblastoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Danhier
- Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Avenue Mounier, 73, bte B1 73.12, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Khaled Messaoudi
- L'Universit Nantes Angers Le Mans, INSERM U1066, Micro et nanomédecines biomimétiques, IBS-CHU Angers, 4 rue Larrey, 49933 Angers, Cedex 9, France
| | - Laurent Lemaire
- L'Universit Nantes Angers Le Mans, INSERM U1066, Micro et nanomédecines biomimétiques, IBS-CHU Angers, 4 rue Larrey, 49933 Angers, Cedex 9, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Benoit
- L'Universit Nantes Angers Le Mans, INSERM U1066, Micro et nanomédecines biomimétiques, IBS-CHU Angers, 4 rue Larrey, 49933 Angers, Cedex 9, France; Pharmacy Department, Angers University Hospital, CHU Angers, 4 rue Larrey, 49933 Angers, Cedex 9, France
| | - Frédéric Lagarce
- L'Universit Nantes Angers Le Mans, INSERM U1066, Micro et nanomédecines biomimétiques, IBS-CHU Angers, 4 rue Larrey, 49933 Angers, Cedex 9, France; Pharmacy Department, Angers University Hospital, CHU Angers, 4 rue Larrey, 49933 Angers, Cedex 9, France.
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21
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Zahonero C, Sánchez-Gómez P. EGFR-dependent mechanisms in glioblastoma: towards a better therapeutic strategy. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:3465-88. [PMID: 24671641 PMCID: PMC11113227 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1608-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Revised: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a particularly resilient cancer, and while therapies may be able to reach the brain by crossing the blood-brain barrier, they then have to deal with a highly invasive tumor that is very resistant to DNA damage. It seems clear that in order to kill aggressive glioma cells more efficiently and with fewer side effects on normal tissue, there must be a shift from classical cytotoxic chemotherapy to more targeted therapies. Since the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is altered in almost 50% of glioblastomas, it currently represents one of the most promising therapeutic targets. In fact, it has been associated with several distinct steps in tumorigenesis, from tumor initiation to tumor growth and survival, and also with the regulation of cell migration and angiogenesis. However, inhibitors of the EGFR kinase have produced poor results with this type of cancer in clinical trials, with no clear explanation for the tumor resistance observed. Here we will review what we know about the expression and function of EGFR in cancer and in particular in gliomas. We will also evaluate which are the possible molecular and cellular escape mechanisms. As a result, we hope that this review will help improve the design of future EGFR-targeted therapies for glioblastomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Zahonero
- Neuro-Oncology Unit, Instituto de Salud Carlos III-UFIEC, Madrid, Spain
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22
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Wen SY, Li CH, Zhang YL, Bian YH, Ma L, Ge QL, Teng YC, Zhang ZG. Rictor is an independent prognostic factor for endometrial carcinoma. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2014; 7:2068-2078. [PMID: 24966915 PMCID: PMC4069916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Early-stage endometrial carcinoma (EC) patients have a high cure rate; however, those with high-risk factors may have poor prognosis. Thus, there is an urgent need for searching for new prognostic molecules to more accurately predict survival of patients. We detected the Rictor mRNA expression level in 30 fresh EC tissue and 17 normal endometrial tissue samples with real-time quantitative RT-PCR and Rictor protein expression level in 134 (test cohort) and 115 (validation cohort) paraffin tissue samples by immunohistochemistry, analyzed the correlation between variables and overall survival (OS) using Cox proportional hazards regression, compared the prognostic accuracy of Rictor with other clinicopathological risk factors by logistic regression. The results showed that Rictor mRNA expression of EC is higher than that of normal endometrium; Rictor protein expression level was closely correlated with FIGO stage, grade and vascular invasion in both cohorts; a univariate analysis showed that the pathological type, stage, grade, vascular invasion, lymphatic metastasis and Rictor were predictors of OS in both cohorts; furthermore, multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis indicated that vascular invasion and Rictor were independent prognostic factors for EC in both cohorts; an ROX curve comparison showed that the area under the curve (AUC) for Rictor combined with other clinicopathological prognostic factors was higher than any individual factor or other clinicopathological prognostic factors' combination. Based on the above data, we concluded that Rictor is an independent prognostic factor for EC. It combined with other clinicopathological risk factors was a stronger prognostic model than individual risk factor or their combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Yun Wen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s HospitalShanghai, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Songjiang District Central HospitalShanghai, China
| | - Chang-Hua Li
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Huai’an First People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical UniversityHuai’an, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yan-Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Yu-Hai Bian
- Department of General Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s HospitalShanghai, China
| | - Qiu-Lin Ge
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s HospitalShanghai, China
| | - Yin-Cheng Teng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s HospitalShanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
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23
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Zhao D, Zhai B, He C, Tan G, Jiang X, Pan S, Dong X, Wei Z, Ma L, Qiao H, Jiang H, Sun X. Upregulation of HIF-2α induced by sorafenib contributes to the resistance by activating the TGF-α/EGFR pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Cell Signal 2014; 26:1030-9. [PMID: 24486412 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 01/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Sorafenib, the first-line systemic drug for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), has demonstrated limited benefits with very low response rates. Thus it is essential to investigate the underlying mechanisms for the resistance to sorafenib and seek potential strategy to enhance its efficacy. Hypoxic cells inside solid tumors are extremely resistant to therapies as their survival ability is increased due to the cellular adaptive response to hypoxia, which is controlled by hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 and HIF-2. Sorafenib inhibits HIF-1α synthesis, making the hypoxic response switch from HIF-1α- to HIF-2α-dependent pathways and providing a mechanism for more aggressive growth of tumors. The present study has demonstrated that upregulation of HIF-2α induced by sorafenib contributes to the resistance of hypoxic HCC cells by activating the transforming growth factor (TGF)-α/epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway. Blocking the TGF-α/EGFR pathway by gefitinib, a specific EGFR inhibitor, reduced the activation of STAT (signal transducer and activator of transcription) 3, AKT and ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase), and synergized with sorafenib to inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of hypoxic HCC cells. Transfection of HIF-2α siRNA into HCC cells downregulated the expression of VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor), cyclin D1, HIF-2α and TGF-α, and inhibited the activation of EGFR. HIF-2α siRNA inhibited the proliferation and promoted the apoptosis of HCC cells in vitro, and synergized with sorafenib to suppress the growth of HCC tumors in vivo. The results indicate that targeting HIF-2α-mediated activation of the TGF-α/EGFR pathway warrants further investigation as a potential strategy to enhance the efficacy of sorafenib for treating HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dali Zhao
- The Hepatosplenic Surgery Center, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Bo Zhai
- The Hepatosplenic Surgery Center, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Changjun He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Gang Tan
- The Hepatosplenic Surgery Center, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xian Jiang
- The Hepatosplenic Surgery Center, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Shangha Pan
- The Hepatosplenic Surgery Center, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xuesong Dong
- The Hepatosplenic Surgery Center, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Zheng Wei
- The Hepatosplenic Surgery Center, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Lixin Ma
- The Hepatosplenic Surgery Center, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Haiquan Qiao
- The Hepatosplenic Surgery Center, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Hongchi Jiang
- The Hepatosplenic Surgery Center, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xueying Sun
- The Hepatosplenic Surgery Center, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China.
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Rosselli-Murai LK, Almeida LO, Zagni C, Galindo-Moreno P, Padial-Molina M, Volk SL, Murai MJ, Rios HF, Squarize CH, Castilho RM. Periostin responds to mechanical stress and tension by activating the MTOR signaling pathway. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83580. [PMID: 24349533 PMCID: PMC3862800 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Current knowledge about Periostin biology has expanded from its recognized functions in embryogenesis and bone metabolism to its roles in tissue repair and remodeling and its clinical implications in cancer. Emerging evidence suggests that Periostin plays a critical role in the mechanism of wound healing; however, the paracrine effect of Periostin in epithelial cell biology is still poorly understood. We found that epithelial cells are capable of producing endogenous Periostin that, unlike mesenchymal cell, cannot be secreted. Epithelial cells responded to Periostin paracrine stimuli by enhancing cellular migration and proliferation and by activating the mTOR signaling pathway. Interestingly, biomechanical stimulation of epithelial cells, which simulates tension forces that occur during initial steps of tissue healing, induced Periostin production and mTOR activation. The molecular association of Periostin and mTOR signaling was further dissected by administering rapamycin, a selective pharmacological inhibitor of mTOR, and by disruption of Raptor and Rictor scaffold proteins implicated in the regulation of mTORC1 and mTORC2 complex assembly. Both strategies resulted in ablation of Periostin-induced mitogenic and migratory activity. These results indicate that Periostin-induced epithelial migration and proliferation requires mTOR signaling. Collectively, our findings identify Periostin as a mechanical stress responsive molecule that is primarily secreted by fibroblasts during wound healing and expressed endogenously in epithelial cells resulting in the control of cellular physiology through a mechanism mediated by the mTOR signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana K. Rosselli-Murai
- Laboratory of Epithelial Biology, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Luciana O. Almeida
- Laboratory of Epithelial Biology, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Chiara Zagni
- Laboratory of Epithelial Biology, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Pablo Galindo-Moreno
- Department of Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Padial-Molina
- Department of Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Sarah L. Volk
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Marcelo J. Murai
- The Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Hector F. Rios
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Cristiane H. Squarize
- Laboratory of Epithelial Biology, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Rogerio M. Castilho
- Laboratory of Epithelial Biology, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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