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Abstract
IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common primary glomerulonephritis worldwide. It is considered that the pathogenesis of IgAN involves the ‘multiple hit theory’ and the immune-inflammatory mechanism; however, these theories have certain limitations. The gold standard for diagnosing IgAN is still renal biopsy. Although renal biopsy is accurate, it is traumatic and is associated with some risks and limitations, so there is a need for non-invasive diagnostic methods. According to recent studies, microRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in the occurrence and development of IgAN; thus, they provide the possibility of the noninvasive diagnosis of IgAN and also have some value in predicting prognosis. This review summarizes the current research status of miRNAs in the occurrence, development, diagnosis, and prognosis of IgAN. We also highlight some interesting and challenging points that require further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchen Yao
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,The Renal Research Institution, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yaling Zhai
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,The Renal Research Institution, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huanping An
- Medicine Experiment Center, Hanzhong Vocational and Technical College, Hanzhong, China
| | - Jingge Gao
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,The Renal Research Institution, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yazhuo Chen
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,The Renal Research Institution, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenhui Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,The Renal Research Institution, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhanzheng Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,The Renal Research Institution, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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2
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Zendehboodi Z, Saberikia Z. Association of temperament with genetic polymorphisms in SOD1, GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes. MOLECULAR BIOLOGY RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2021; 10:33-38. [PMID: 33681395 PMCID: PMC7936385 DOI: 10.22099/mbrc.2020.38820.1565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Due to its accessibility, efficacy, and affordability, traditional medicine (TM) is the main source of health services for many people in the world. Nevertheless, in spite of its benefits, there are still many issues about the principles of TM which demand further declaration. One of the essential principles of Iranian traditional medicine (ITM) is temperament (mizaj), which efficiently applied in diagnosis and therapy of illnesses. In this study we aimed to explore the association of GSTM1/T1, and SOD1 50 bp Ins/Del polymorphisms with combined groups of temperament. The study was conducted in 217 healthy males from Fars province, southern Iran. The self-reported mizaj questionnaire was applied to identify the participants’ temperament. Then individuals with temperate, warm/moist, and warm/dry temperament were entered in the study. To determine the genotype of GSTM1, GSTT1, and SOD1, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method was performed. As the results of χ2 analysis showed, the frequency of GSTT1, GSTM1, and SOD1 polymorphisms in temperate group was not significantly differ from that in each of warm/moist and warm/dry groups. Further research with larger samples are suggested to clarify the association between temperament and biomolecular features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Zendehboodi
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71467-13565, Iran
| | - Zahra Saberikia
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71467-13565, Iran
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3
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Victor P, Umapathy D, George L, Juttada U, Ganesh GV, Amin KN, Viswanathan V, Ramkumar KM. Crosstalk between endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress in the progression of diabetic nephropathy. Cell Stress Chaperones 2021; 26:311-321. [PMID: 33161510 PMCID: PMC7925747 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-020-01176-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence in substantiating the roles of endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses and their interplay is evident in various diseases. However, an in-depth mechanistic understanding of the crosstalk between the intracellular stress signaling pathways and inflammatory responses and their participation in disease progression has not yet been explored. Progress has been made in our understanding of the cross talk and integrated stress signaling network between endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress towards the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. In this present study, we studied the crosstalk between the endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress by understanding the role of protein disulfide isomerase and endoplasmic reticulum oxidase 1α, a key player in redox protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum. We had recruited a total of 90 subjects and divided into three groups (control (n = 30), type 2 diabetes mellitus (n = 30), and diabetic nephropathy (n = 30)). We found that endoplasmic reticulum stress markers, activating transcription factor 6, inositol-requiring enzyme 1α, protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase, C/EBP homologous protein, and glucose-regulated protein-78; oxidative stress markers, thioredoxin-interacting protein and cytochrome b-245 light chain; and the crosstalk markers, protein disulfide isomerase and endoplasmic reticulum oxidase-1α, were progressively elevated in type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic nephropathy subjects. The association between the crosstalk markers showed a positive correlation with endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress markers. Further, the interplay between endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress was investigated in vitro using a human leukemic monocytic cell line under a hyperglycemic environment and examined the expression of protein disulfide isomerase and endoplasmic reticulum oxidase-1α. DCFH-DA assay and flow cytometry were performed to detect the production of free radicals. Further, phosphorylation of eIF2α in high glucose-exposed cells was studied using western blot. In conclusion, our results shed light on the crosstalk between endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress and significantly contribute to the onset and progression of diabetic nephropathy and therefore represent the major therapeutic targets for alleviating micro- and macrovascular complications associated with this metabolic disturbance. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Victor
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio-engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603 203, India
| | - Dhamodharan Umapathy
- Life Science Division, SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603 203, India
| | - Leema George
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Prof. M. Viswanathan Diabetes Research Centre and M.V. Hospital for Diabetes (WHO Collaborating Centre for Research, Education & Training in Diabetes), Royapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600013, India
| | - Udyama Juttada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Prof. M. Viswanathan Diabetes Research Centre and M.V. Hospital for Diabetes (WHO Collaborating Centre for Research, Education & Training in Diabetes), Royapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600013, India
| | - Goutham V Ganesh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio-engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603 203, India
| | - Karan Naresh Amin
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio-engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603 203, India
| | - Vijay Viswanathan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Prof. M. Viswanathan Diabetes Research Centre and M.V. Hospital for Diabetes (WHO Collaborating Centre for Research, Education & Training in Diabetes), Royapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600013, India.
| | - Kunka Mohanram Ramkumar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio-engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603 203, India.
- Life Science Division, SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603 203, India.
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Wei P, Xing Y, Li B, Chen F, Hua H. Proteomics-based analysis indicating α-enolase as a potential biomarker in primary Sjögren's syndrome. Gland Surg 2021; 9:2054-2063. [PMID: 33447556 DOI: 10.21037/gs-20-814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a chronic autoimmune disease. Its etiology is not well understood. Salivary glands are the main target organ in pSS, investigating the changes of salivary protein in pSS patients may not only be a valuable way of identifying new biomarkers/antigens for pSS, but also of revealing the pathogenesis underlying this autoimmune disease. In the present study, we aimed to investigate new biomarkers and explore their potential role in pSS. Methods In this study, α-enolase (ENO1) was found to be overexpressed in pSS by 1D gel electrophoresis/mass spectrometry. The finding was verified by Western blots, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results in both saliva and labial salivary glands. The expression level of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody to ENO1 was then tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results ENO1 autoantibody was found to be overexpressed in pSS compared with healthy controls. The effects of ENO1 overexpression on rat submandibular gland cell line SMG-C6 was investigated in vitro. The expressions of proteins related to saliva secretion and immunomodulatory were upregulated in ENO1 overexpressed SMG-C6 cells. Conclusions Both ENO1 and anti-ENO1 autoantibody are overexpressed in pSS patients. Nevertheless, their potential role in the pathogenesis of pSS warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Wei
- Department of Oral Medicine, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yixiao Xing
- Department of Oral Medicine, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Boya Li
- Department of Oral Medicine, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Hua
- Department of Oral Medicine, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
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Caruso Bavisotto C, Alberti G, Vitale AM, Paladino L, Campanella C, Rappa F, Gorska M, Conway de Macario E, Cappello F, Macario AJL, Marino Gammazza A. Hsp60 Post-translational Modifications: Functional and Pathological Consequences. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:95. [PMID: 32582761 PMCID: PMC7289027 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hsp60 is a chaperone belonging to the Chaperonins of Group I and typically functions inside mitochondria in which, together with the co-chaperonin Hsp10, maintains protein homeostasis. In addition to this canonical role, Hsp60 plays many others beyond the mitochondria, for instance in the cytosol, plasma-cell membrane, extracellular space, and body fluids. These non-canonical functions include participation in inflammation, autoimmunity, carcinogenesis, cell replication, and other cellular events in health and disease. Thus, Hsp60 is a multifaceted molecule with a wide range of cellular and tissue locations and functions, which is noteworthy because there is only one hsp60 gene. The question is by what mechanism this protein can become multifaceted. Likely, one factor contributing to this diversity is post-translational modification (PTM). The amino acid sequence of Hsp60 contains many potential phosphorylation sites, and other PTMs are possible such as O-GlcNAcylation, nitration, acetylation, S-nitrosylation, citrullination, oxidation, and ubiquitination. The effect of some of these PTMs on Hsp60 functions have been examined, for instance phosphorylation has been implicated in sperm capacitation, docking of H2B and microtubule-associated proteins, mitochondrial dysfunction, tumor invasiveness, and delay or facilitation of apoptosis. Nitration was found to affect the stability of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, to inhibit folding ability, and to perturb insulin secretion. Hyperacetylation was associated with mitochondrial failure; S-nitrosylation has an impact on mitochondrial stability and endothelial integrity; citrullination can be pro-apoptotic; oxidation has a role in the response to cellular injury and in cell migration; and ubiquitination regulates interaction with the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Future research ought to determine which PTM causes which variations in the Hsp60 molecular properties and functions, and which of them are pathogenic, causing chaperonopathies. This is an important topic considering the number of acquired Hsp60 chaperonopathies already cataloged, many of which are serious diseases without efficacious treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste Caruso Bavisotto
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic (BIND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy
| | - Giusi Alberti
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic (BIND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandra Maria Vitale
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic (BIND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Letizia Paladino
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic (BIND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Claudia Campanella
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic (BIND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesca Rappa
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic (BIND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Magdalena Gorska
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Everly Conway de Macario
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore-Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology (IMET), Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Francesco Cappello
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic (BIND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy
| | - Alberto J L Macario
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore-Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology (IMET), Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Antonella Marino Gammazza
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic (BIND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Caras IW. Two cancer stem cell-targeted therapies in clinical trials as viewed from the standpoint of the cancer stem cell model. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 9:821-826. [PMID: 32281289 PMCID: PMC7381803 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.19-0424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A key implication of the cancer stem cell model is that for a cancer therapy to be curative, it is imperative to eliminate the cancer stem cells (CSCs) that drive tumor progression. The California Institute for Regenerative Medicine is supporting two novel approaches that target CSCs, one an antibody‐mediated immunotherapy targeting CD47 and the other an antibody targeting ROR1. This article summarizes the evidence that CSCs are targeted and discusses the results of early clinical trials within the context of the CSC model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid W Caras
- California Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Oakland, California, USA
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7
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Curcumin Affects HSP60 Folding Activity and Levels in Neuroblastoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020661. [PMID: 31963896 PMCID: PMC7013437 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The fundamental challenge in fighting cancer is the development of protective agents able to interfere with the classical pathways of malignant transformation, such as extracellular matrix remodeling, epithelial–mesenchymal transition and, alteration of protein homeostasis. In the tumors of the brain, proteotoxic stress represents one of the main triggering agents for cell transformation. Curcumin is a natural compound with anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties with promising potential for the development of therapeutic drugs for the treatment of cancer as well as neurodegenerative diseases. Among the mediators of cancer development, HSP60 is a key factor for the maintenance of protein homeostasis and cell survival. High HSP60 levels were correlated, in particular, with cancer development and progression, and for this reason, we investigated the ability of curcumin to affect HSP60 expression, localization, and post-translational modifications using a neuroblastoma cell line. We have also looked at the ability of curcumin to interfere with the HSP60/HSP10 folding machinery. The cells were treated with 6, 12.5, and 25 µM of curcumin for 24 h, and the flow cytometry analysis showed that the compound induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner with a higher percentage of apoptotic cells at 25 µM. This dose of curcumin-induced a decrease in HSP60 protein levels and an upregulation of HSP60 mRNA expression. Moreover, 25 µM of curcumin reduced HSP60 ubiquitination and nitration, and the chaperonin levels were higher in the culture media compared with the untreated cells. Furthermore, curcumin at the same dose was able to favor HSP60 folding activity. The reduction of HSP60 levels, together with the increase in its folding activity and the secretion in the media led to the supposition that curcumin might interfere with cancer progression with a protective mechanism involving the chaperonin.
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8
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Marino Gammazza A, Macaluso F, Di Felice V, Cappello F, Barone R. Hsp60 in Skeletal Muscle Fiber Biogenesis and Homeostasis: From Physical Exercise to Skeletal Muscle Pathology. Cells 2018; 7:cells7120224. [PMID: 30469470 PMCID: PMC6315887 DOI: 10.3390/cells7120224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hsp60 is a molecular chaperone classically described as a mitochondrial protein with multiple roles in health and disease, participating to the maintenance of protein homeostasis. It is well known that skeletal muscle is a complex tissue, rich in proteins, that is, subjected to continuous rearrangements, and this homeostasis is affected by many different types of stimuli and stresses. The regular exercise induces specific histological and biochemical adaptations in skeletal muscle fibers, such as hypertrophy and an increase of mitochondria activity and oxidative capacity. The current literature is lacking in information regarding Hsp60 involvement in skeletal muscle fiber biogenesis and regeneration during exercise, and in disease conditions. Here, we briefly discuss the functions of Hsp60 in skeletal muscle fibers during exercise, inflammation, and ageing. Moreover, the potential usage of Hsp60 as a marker for disease and the evaluation of novel treatment options is also discussed. However, some questions remain open, and further studies are needed to better understand Hsp60 involvement in skeletal muscle homeostasis during exercise and in pathological condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Marino Gammazza
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences (BioNeC), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90100 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Filippo Macaluso
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90100 Palermo, Italy.
- Department of SMART Engineering Solutions & Technologies, eCampus University, 22060 Novedrate, Italy.
| | - Valentina Di Felice
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences (BioNeC), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Francesco Cappello
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences (BioNeC), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90100 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Rosario Barone
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences (BioNeC), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90100 Palermo, Italy.
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A genetic variant in SLC30A2 causes breast dysfunction during lactation by inducing ER stress, oxidative stress and epithelial barrier defects. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3542. [PMID: 29476070 PMCID: PMC5824919 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21505-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
SLC30A2 encodes a zinc (Zn) transporter (ZnT2) that imports Zn into vesicles in highly-specialized secretory cells. Numerous mutations and non-synonymous variants in ZnT2 have been reported in humans and in breastfeeding women; ZnT2 variants are associated with abnormally low milk Zn levels and can lead to severe infantile Zn deficiency. However, ZnT2-null mice have profound defects in mammary epithelial cell (MEC) polarity and vesicle secretion, indicating that normal ZnT2 function is critical for MEC function. Here we report that women who harbor a common ZnT2 variant (T288S) present with elevated levels of several oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers in their breast milk. Functional studies in vitro suggest that substitution of threonine for serine at amino acid 288 leads to hyperphosphorylation retaining ZnT2 in the ER and lysosomes, increasing ER and lysosomal Zn accumulation, ER stress, the generation of reactive oxygen species, and STAT3 activation. These changes were associated with decreased abundance of zona occludens-1 and increased tight junction permeability. This study confirms that ZnT2 is important for normal breast function in women during lactation, and suggests that women who harbor defective variants in ZnT2 may be at-risk for poor lactation performance.
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miR-382 Contributes to Renal Tubulointerstitial Fibrosis by Downregulating HSPD1. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:4708516. [PMID: 28680529 PMCID: PMC5478870 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4708516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Redox imbalance plays an important role in the pathogenesis of CKD progression. Previously, we demonstrated that microRNA-382 (miR-382) contributed to TGF-β1-induced loss of epithelial polarity in human kidney epithelial cells, but its role in the development of renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis remains unknown. In this study, we found that with 7 days of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) in mice, the abundance of miR-382 in the obstructed kidney was significantly increased. Meanwhile, the protein expression of heat shock protein 60 (HSPD1), a predicted target of miR-382, was reduced after 7 days of UUO. Expression of 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) was upregulated, but expression of thioredoxin (Trx) was downregulated. Anti-miR-382 treatment suppressed the upregulation of miR-382, attenuated renal interstitial fibrosis in the obstructed kidney, and reversed the downregulation of HSPD1/Trx and upregulation of 3-NT after UUO. Furthermore, in vitro study revealed that overexpression of HSPD1 significantly restored Trx expression and reversed TGF-β1-induced loss of E-cadherin, while in vivo study found that direct siRNA-mediated suppression of HSPD1 in the UUO kidney promoted oxidative stress despite miR-382 blockade. Our clinical data showed that upregulation of miR-382/3-NT and downregulation of HSPD1/Trx were also observed in IgA nephropathy patients with renal interstitial fibrosis. These data supported a novel mechanism in which miR-382 targets HSPD1 and contributes to the redox imbalance in the development of renal fibrosis.
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11
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Liu Z, Hu Y, Gong Y, Zhang W, Liu C, Wang Q, Deng H. Hydrogen peroxide mediated mitochondrial UNG1-PRDX3 interaction and UNG1 degradation. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 99:54-62. [PMID: 27480846 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Isoform 1 of uracil-DNA glycosylase (UNG1) is the major protein for initiating base-excision repair in mitochondria and is in close proximity to the respiratory chain that generates reactive oxygen species (ROS). Effects of ROS on the stability of UNG1 have not been well characterized. In the present study, we found that overexpression of UNG1 enhanced cells' resistance to oxidative stress and protected mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from oxidation. Proteomics analysis showed that UNG1 bound to eight proteins in the mitochondria, including PAPSS2, CD70 antigen, and AGR2 under normal growth conditions, whereas UNG1 mainly bound to Peroxiredoxin 3 (PRDX3) via a disulfide linkage under oxidative stress. We further demonstrated that the UNG1-PRDX3 interaction protected UNG1 from ROS-mediated degradation and prevented mtDNA oxidation. Moreover, our results show that ROS-mediated UNG1 degradation was Lon protease 1 (LonP1)-dependent and mitochondrial UNG1 degradation was aggravated by knockdown of PRDX3 expression. Taken together, these results reveal a novel function of UNG1 in the recruitment of PRDX3 to mtDNA under oxidative stress, enabling protection of UNG1 and UNG1-bound DNA from ROS damage and enhancing cell resistance to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilei Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and the Center of Biomedical Analsis, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yadong Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and the Center of Biomedical Analsis, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiyi Gong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and the Center of Biomedical Analsis, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhao Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and the Center of Biomedical Analsis, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Chongdong Liu
- Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingtao Wang
- Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Haiteng Deng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and the Center of Biomedical Analsis, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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Proinsulin and heat shock protein 90 as biomarkers of beta-cell stress in the early period after onset of type 1 diabetes. Transl Res 2016; 168:96-106.e1. [PMID: 26397425 PMCID: PMC4839287 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2015.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Rapid evaluation of therapies designed to preserve β cells in persons with type 1 diabetes (T1D) is hampered by limited availability of sensitive β-cell health biomarkers. In particular, biomarkers elucidating the presence and degree of β-cell stress are needed. We characterized β-cell secretory activity and stress in 29 new-onset T1D subjects (10.6 ± 3.0 years, 55% male) at diagnosis and then 8.2 ± 1.2 weeks later at first clinic follow-up. We did comparisons with 16 matched healthy controls. We evaluated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), β-cell function (random C-peptide [C] and proinsulin [PI]), β-cell stress (PI:C ratio), and the β-cell stress marker heat shock protein (HSP)90 and examined these parameters' relationships with clinical and laboratory characteristics at diagnosis. Mean diagnosis HbA1c was 11.3% (100 mmol/mol) and 7.6% (60 mmol/mol) at follow-up. C-peptide was low at diagnosis (P < 0.001 vs controls) and increased at follow-up (P < 0.001) to comparable with controls. PI did not differ from controls at diagnosis but increased at follow-up (P = 0.003) signifying increased release of PI alongside improved insulin secretion. PI:C ratios and HSP90 concentrations were elevated at both time points. Younger subjects had lower C-peptide and greater PI, PI:C, and HSP90. We also examined islets isolated from prediabetic nonobese diabetic mice and found that HSP90 levels were increased ∼4-fold compared with those in islets isolated from matched CD1 controls, further substantiating HSP90 as a marker of β-cell stress in T1D. Our data indicate that β-cell stress can be assessed using PI:C and HSP90. This stress persists after T1D diagnosis. Therapeutic approaches to reduce β-cell stress in new-onset T1D should be considered.
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Jiang Y, Shan S, Chi L, Zhang G, Gao X, Li H, Zhu X, Yang J. Methyl methanesulfonate induces necroptosis in human lung adenoma A549 cells through the PIG-3-reactive oxygen species pathway. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:3785-95. [PMID: 26472723 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3531-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) is an alkylating agent that can induce cell death through apoptosis and necroptosis. The molecular mechanisms underlying MMS-induced apoptosis have been studied extensively; however, little is known about the mechanism for MMS-induced necroptosis. Therefore, we first established MMS-induced necroptosis model using human lung carcinoma A549 cells. It was found that, within a 24-h period, although MMS at concentrations of 50, 100, 200, 400, and 800 μM can induce DNA damage, only at higher concentrations (400 and 800 μM) MMS treatment lead to necroptosis in A549 cells, as it could be inhibited by the specific necroptotic inhibitor necrostatin-1, but not the specific apoptotic inhibitor carbobenzoxy-valyl-alanyl-aspartyl-[O-methyl]-fluoromethylketone (Z-VAD-fmk). MMS-induced necroptosis was further confirmed by the induction of the necroptosis biomarkers including the depletion of cellular NADH and ATP and leakage of LDH. This necroptotic cell death was also concurrent with the increased expression of p53, p53-induced gene 3 (PIG-3), high mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB1), and receptor interaction protein kinase (RIP) but not the apoptosis-associated caspase-3 and caspase-9 proteins. Elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was also involved in this process as the specific ROS inhibitor (4-amino-2,4-pyrrolidine-dicarboxylic acid (APDC)) can inhibit the necroptotic cell death. Interestingly, knockdown of PIG-3 expression by small interfering RNA (siRNA) treatment can inhibit the generation of ROS. Taken together, these results suggest that MMS can induce necroptosis in A549 cells, probably through the PIG-3-ROS pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jiang
- Suzhou Biological Technology Co. Ltd. of Centre Testing International Corporation, Kunshan, Jiangsu, 215300, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Shigang Shan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Linfeng Chi
- Department of Toxicology, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Guanglin Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Xiangjing Gao
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Hongjuan Li
- Department of Toxicology, Hangzhou Normal University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China
| | - Xinqiang Zhu
- Department of Toxicology, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Toxicology, Hangzhou Normal University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China.
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Anguille S, Smits EL, Bryant C, Van Acker HH, Goossens H, Lion E, Fromm PD, Hart DN, Van Tendeloo VF, Berneman ZN. Dendritic Cells as Pharmacological Tools for Cancer Immunotherapy. Pharmacol Rev 2015; 67:731-53. [DOI: 10.1124/pr.114.009456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Ilyas A, Hashim Z, Zarina S. Effects of 5'-azacytidine and alendronate on a hepatocellular carcinoma cell line: a proteomics perspective. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 405:53-61. [PMID: 25854900 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2395-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer related deaths around the world. Due to late diagnosis and development of drug resistance in patients suffering from HCC, development of more effective therapeutic strategies is inevitable. The aim of this study was to evaluate the combined apoptotic effect of 5'-Azacytidine (5'-AzaC) and alendronate (ALN) on Huh-7 HCC cell line and to explore differential expression at genomics and proteomics level. Incubation of HCC cell line with 5'-AzaC alone showed cell death in a time and dose dependent manner while in combination with ALN, increased cytotoxicity was observed. Up-regulation of CASP7(Caspase7) and LZTS1 (leucine zipper, putative tumor suppressor 1) and down-regulation of DNMT1(DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase 1) was noted in treated cells. Proteomic studies on the treated cells revealed altered expression of different proteins including peroxiredoxin 2 (Prx2), Annexin 5 (Anx5), Rho GTPase activating protein (RhoGAP), Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB), tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein (TNF), triosephosphate isomerase (TPI), Glutathione S transferase (GSTP1) and Heat shock protein60 (HSP60). Our study demonstrated the cytotoxic effect of 5'-AzaC and ALN drug combination on Huh-7 HCC cells suggesting such combinations may be explored as a possible therapeutic approach. Current study revealed that Huh-7 HCC cells are sensitive to 5'-AzaC and ALN drug combination and such combination approaches could lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies. Furthermore, we also report the expression of Anx5 exclusively in untreated cancerous cell line indicating the possibility of being used as a potential therapeutic target and biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Ilyas
- National Center for Proteomics, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
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