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Perez-Moreno E, Toledo T, Campusano P, Zuñiga S, Azócar L, Feuerhake T, Méndez GP, Labarca M, Pérez-Molina F, de la Peña A, Herrera-Cid C, Ehrenfeld P, Godoy AS, González A, Soza A. Galectin-8 counteracts folic acid-induced acute kidney injury and prevents its transition to fibrosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:116923. [PMID: 38936192 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI), characterized by a sudden decline in kidney function involving tubular damage and epithelial cell death, can lead to progressive tissue fibrosis and chronic kidney disease due to interstitial fibroblast activation and tissue repair failures that lack direct treatments. After an AKI episode, surviving renal tubular cells undergo cycles of dedifferentiation, proliferation and redifferentiation while fibroblast activity increases and then declines to avoid an exaggerated extracellular matrix deposition. Appropriate tissue recovery versus pathogenic fibrotic progression depends on fine-tuning all these processes. Identifying endogenous factors able to affect any of them may offer new therapeutic opportunities to improve AKI outcomes. Galectin-8 (Gal-8) is an endogenous carbohydrate-binding protein that is secreted through an unconventional mechanism, binds to glycosylated proteins at the cell surface and modifies various cellular activities, including cell proliferation and survival against stress conditions. Here, using a mouse model of AKI induced by folic acid, we show that pre-treatment with Gal-8 protects against cell death, promotes epithelial cell redifferentiation and improves renal function. In addition, Gal-8 decreases fibroblast activation, resulting in less expression of fibrotic genes. Gal-8 added after AKI induction is also effective in maintaining renal function against damage, improving epithelial cell survival. The ability to protect kidneys from injury during both pre- and post-treatments, coupled with its anti-fibrotic effect, highlights Gal-8 as an endogenous factor to be considered in therapeutic strategies aimed at improving renal function and mitigating chronic pathogenic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Perez-Moreno
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile; Centro Científico y Tecnológico de Excelencia (CCTE) Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile
| | - Tomás Toledo
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pascale Campusano
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sebastián Zuñiga
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lorena Azócar
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Teo Feuerhake
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Mariana Labarca
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisca Pérez-Molina
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile; Centro Científico y Tecnológico de Excelencia (CCTE) Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile
| | - Adely de la Peña
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile; Centro Científico y Tecnológico de Excelencia (CCTE) Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Herrera-Cid
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pamela Ehrenfeld
- Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Alejandro S Godoy
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alfonso González
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile; Centro Científico y Tecnológico de Excelencia (CCTE) Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Soza
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile; Centro Científico y Tecnológico de Excelencia (CCTE) Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile.
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2
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Souchak J, Mohammed NBB, Lau LS, Dimitroff CJ. The role of galectins in mediating the adhesion of circulating cells to vascular endothelium. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1395714. [PMID: 38840921 PMCID: PMC11150550 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1395714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Vascular cell adhesion is a complex orchestration of events that commonly feature lectin-ligand interactions between circulating cells, such as immune, stem, and tumor cells, and endothelial cells (ECs) lining post-capillary venules. Characteristically, circulating cell adherence to the vasculature endothelium is initiated through interactions between surface sialo-fucosylated glycoprotein ligands and lectins, specifically platelet (P)- or endothelial (E)-selectin on ECs or between leukocyte (L)-selectin on circulating leukocytes and L-selectin ligands on ECs, culminating in circulating cell extravasation. This lectin-ligand interplay enables the migration of immune cells into specific tissue sites to help maintain effective immunosurveillance and inflammation control, the homing of stem cells to bone marrow or tissues in need of repair, and, unfortunately, in some cases, the dissemination of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) to distant metastatic sites. Interestingly, there is a growing body of evidence showing that the family of β-galactoside-binding lectins, known as galectins, can also play pivotal roles in the adhesion of circulating cells to the vascular endothelium. In this review, we present contemporary knowledge on the significant roles of host- and/or tumor-derived galectin (Gal)-3, -8, and -9 in facilitating the adhesion of circulating cells to the vascular endothelium either directly by acting as bridging molecules or indirectly by triggering signaling pathways to express adhesion molecules on ECs. We also explore strategies for interfering with galectin-mediated adhesion to attenuate inflammation or hinder the metastatic seeding of CTCs, which are often rich in galectins and/or their glycan ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Souchak
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Norhan B. B. Mohammed
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Lee Seng Lau
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Charles J. Dimitroff
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
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3
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Zhang H, Wang X, Wan Y, Liu L, Zhou J, Li P, Xu B. Discovery of N-Arylsulfonyl-Indole-2-Carboxamide Derivatives as Galectin-3 and Galectin-8 C-Terminal Domain Inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2023; 14:1257-1265. [PMID: 37736168 PMCID: PMC10510525 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Both galectin-3 and galectin-8 are involved in cell adhesion, migration, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and inflammatory processes by recognizing galactose-containing glycoproteins. Inhibiting galectin-3/8 activities is a potential treatment for cancer and tissue fibrosis. Herein, a series of novel N-arylsulfonyl-5-aryloxy-indole-2-carboxamide derivatives was disclosed as dual inhibitors toward galectin-3 and galectin-8 C-terminal domain with Kd values of low micromolar level (Cpd53, gal-3: Kd= 4.12 μM, gal-8C: Kd= 6.04 μM; Cpd57, gal-3: Kd= 12.8 μM, gal-8C: Kd= 2.06 μM), which are the most potent and selective noncarbohydrate-based inhibitors toward gal-3/8 isoforms to date. The molecular docking investigations suggested that the unique amino acids Arg144 in galectin-3 and Ser213 in galectin-8C could contribute to their potency and selectivity. The scratch wound assay demonstrated that Cpd53 and Cpd57 were able to inhibit the MRC-5 lung fibroblast cells migration as well. This class of inhibitors could serve as a new starting point for further discovering structurally distinct gal-3 and gal-8C inhibitors to be used in cancer and tissue fibrosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoming Zhang
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Druggability Evaluation,
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy
of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Druggability Evaluation,
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy
of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yanjun Wan
- State
Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines,
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy
of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Diabetes
Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
- CAMS
Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Target Discovery of Metabolic
Disorder and Tumorigenesis, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Liheng Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines,
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy
of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Diabetes
Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
- CAMS
Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Target Discovery of Metabolic
Disorder and Tumorigenesis, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Druggability Evaluation,
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy
of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Pingping Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines,
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy
of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Diabetes
Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
- CAMS
Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Target Discovery of Metabolic
Disorder and Tumorigenesis, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Bailing Xu
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Druggability Evaluation,
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy
of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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4
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Rapoport EM, Ryzhov IM, Slivka EV, Korchagina EY, Popova IS, Khaidukov SV, André S, Kaltner H, Gabius HJ, Henry S, Bovin NV. Galectin-9 as a Potential Modulator of Lymphocyte Adhesion to Endothelium via Binding to Blood Group H Glycan. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1166. [PMID: 37627231 PMCID: PMC10452646 DOI: 10.3390/biom13081166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The recruitment of leukocytes from blood is one of the most important cellular processes in response to tissue damage and inflammation. This multi-step process includes rolling leukocytes and their adhesion to endothelial cells (EC), culminating in crossing the EC barrier to reach the inflamed tissue. Galectin-8 and galectin-9 expressed on the immune system cells are part of this process and can induce cell adhesion via binding to oligolactosamine glycans. Similarly, these galectins have an order of magnitude higher affinity towards glycans of the ABH blood group system, widely represented on ECs. However, the roles of gal-8 and gal-9 as mediators of adhesion to endothelial ABH antigens are practically unknown. In this work, we investigated whether H antigen-gal-9-mediated adhesion occurred between Jurkat cells (of lymphocytic origin and known to have gal-9) and EA.hy 926 cells (immortalized endothelial cells and known to have blood group H antigen). Baseline experiments showed that Jurkat cells adhered to EA.hy 926 cells; however when these EA.hy 926 cells were defucosylated (despite the unmasking of lactosamine chains), adherence was abolished. Restoration of fucosylation by insertion of synthetic glycolipids in the form of H (type 2) trisaccharide Fucα1-2Galβ1-4GlcNAc restored adhesion. The degree of lymphocyte adhesion to native and the "H-restored" (glycolipid-loaded) EA.hy 926 cells was comparable. If this gal-9/H (type 2) interaction is similar to processes that occur in vivo, this suggests that only the short (trisaccharide) H glycan on ECs is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia M. Rapoport
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Str., Moscow 117997, Russia; (E.M.R.); (I.S.P.); (S.V.K.)
| | - Ivan M. Ryzhov
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Str., Moscow 117997, Russia; (E.M.R.); (I.S.P.); (S.V.K.)
| | - Ekaterina V. Slivka
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Str., Moscow 117997, Russia; (E.M.R.); (I.S.P.); (S.V.K.)
| | - Elena Yu. Korchagina
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Str., Moscow 117997, Russia; (E.M.R.); (I.S.P.); (S.V.K.)
| | - Inna S. Popova
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Str., Moscow 117997, Russia; (E.M.R.); (I.S.P.); (S.V.K.)
| | - Sergey V. Khaidukov
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Str., Moscow 117997, Russia; (E.M.R.); (I.S.P.); (S.V.K.)
| | - Sabine André
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Veterinär Str. 13, D-80539 Munich, Germany (H.K.)
| | - Herbert Kaltner
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Veterinär Str. 13, D-80539 Munich, Germany (H.K.)
| | - Hans-J. Gabius
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Veterinär Str. 13, D-80539 Munich, Germany (H.K.)
| | - Stephen Henry
- School of Engineering, Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Design and Creative Technologies, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Nicolai V. Bovin
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Str., Moscow 117997, Russia; (E.M.R.); (I.S.P.); (S.V.K.)
- School of Engineering, Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Design and Creative Technologies, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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5
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Characterization of Galectin Fusion Proteins with Glycoprotein Affinity Columns and Binding Assays. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031054. [PMID: 36770718 PMCID: PMC9919667 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectins are β-galactosyl-binding proteins that fulfill essential physiological functions. In the biotechnological field, galectins are versatile tools, such as in the development of biomaterial coatings or the early-stage diagnosis of cancer diseases. Recently, we introduced galectin-1 (Gal-1) and galectin-3 (Gal-3) as fusion proteins of a His6-tag, a SNAP-tag, and a fluorescent protein. We characterized their binding in ELISA-type assays and their application in cell-surface binding. In the present study, we have constructed further fusion proteins of galectins with fluorescent protein color code. The fusion proteins of Gal-1, Gal-3, and Gal-8 were purified by affinity chromatography. For this, we have prepared glycoprotein affinity resins based on asialofetuin (ASF) and fetuin and combined this in a two-step purification with Immobilized Metal Affinity chromatography (IMAC) to get pure and active galectins. Purified galectin fractions were analyzed by size-exclusion chromatography. The binding characteristics to ASF of solely His6-tagged galectins and galectin fusion proteins were compared. As an example, we demonstrate a 1.6-3-fold increase in binding efficiency for HSYGal-3 (His6-SNAP-yellow fluorescent protein-Gal-3) compared to the HGal-3 (His6-Gal-3). Our results reveal an apparent higher binding efficiency for galectin SNAP-tag fusion proteins compared to His6-tagged galectins, which are independent of the purification mode. This is also demonstrated by the binding of galectin fusion proteins to extracellular glycoconjugates laminin, fibronectin, and collagen IV. Our results indicate the probable involvement of the SNAP-tag in apparently higher binding signals, which we discuss in this study.
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6
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Hassan M, Baussière F, Guzelj S, Sundin AP, Håkansson M, Kovačič R, Leffler H, Tomašič T, Anderluh M, Jakopin Ž, Nilsson UJ. Structure-Guided Design of d-Galactal Derivatives with High Affinity and Selectivity for the Galectin-8 N-Terminal Domain. ACS Med Chem Lett 2021; 12:1745-1752. [PMID: 34795863 PMCID: PMC8592027 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-8 is a carbohydrate-binding protein that plays a crucial role in tumor progression and metastasis, antibacterial autophagy, modulation of the immune system, and bone remodeling. The design, synthesis, and protein affinity evaluation of a set of C-3 substituted benzimidazole and quinoline d-galactal derivatives identified a d-galactal-benzimidazole hybrid as a selective ligand for the galectin-8 N-terminal domain (galectin-8N), with a K d of 48 μM and 15-fold selectivity over galectin-3 and even better selectivity over the other mammalian galectins. X-ray structural analysis of galectin-8N in complex with one benzimidazole- and one quinoline-galactal derivative at 1.52 and 2.1 Å together with molecular dynamics simulations and quantum mechanical calculations of galectin-8N in complex with the benzimidazole derivative revealed orbital overlap between a NH LUMO of Arg45 with electron rich HOMOs of the olefin and O4 of the d-galactal. Such overlap is hypothesized to contribute to the high affinity of the d-galactal-derived ligands for galectin-8N. A (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3- carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium) (MTS) assay evaluation of the d-galactal-benzimidazole hybrid and an analogous galactoside derivative on a panel of cell lines with MTS assay showed no effect on cell viability up to 100 μM concentration. A subsequent functional assay using the MDA-MB-231 cell line demonstrated that the d-galactal-benzimidazole hybrid and the analogous galactoside derivative reduced the secretion of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-8 in a dose-dependent manner. Therefore, these compounds represent potential probes for galectin-8N pharmacology investigations and possibly promising leads for the design and synthesis of potent and selective galectin-8 inhibitors as potential antitumor and anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujtaba Hassan
- Centre
for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Floriane Baussière
- Centre
for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Samo Guzelj
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anders P. Sundin
- Centre
for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria Håkansson
- SARomics
Biostructures AB, Medicon
Village, SE-223 63 Lund, Sweden
| | - Rebeka Kovačič
- SARomics
Biostructures AB, Medicon
Village, SE-223 63 Lund, Sweden
| | - Hakon Leffler
- Department
of Laboratory Medicine, Section MIG, Lund
University BMC-C1228b, Klinikgatan 28, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Tihomir Tomašič
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marko Anderluh
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Žiga Jakopin
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ulf J. Nilsson
- Centre
for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
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7
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Gómez-Redondo M, Delgado S, Núñez-Franco R, Jiménez-Osés G, Ardá A, Jiménez-Barbero J, Gimeno A. The two domains of human galectin-8 bind sialyl- and fucose-containing oligosaccharides in an independent manner. A 3D view by using NMR. RSC Chem Biol 2021; 2:932-941. [PMID: 34179785 PMCID: PMC8190895 DOI: 10.1039/d1cb00051a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction of human galectin-8 and its two separate N-terminal and C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domains (CRD) to their natural ligands has been analysed using a synergistic combination of experimental NMR and ITC methods, and molecular dynamics simulations. Both domains bind the minimal epitopes N-acetyllactosamine (1) and Galβ1–3GalNAc (2) in a similar manner. However, the N-terminal and C-terminal domains show exquisite and opposing specificity to bind either Neu5Ac- or Fuc-containing ligands, respectively. Moreover, the addition of the high-affinity ligands specific for one of the CRDs does not make any effect on the binding at the alternative one. Thus, the two CRDs behave independently and may simultaneously target different molecular entities to promote clustering through the generation of supramolecular assemblies. NMR, ITC, and MD data show that the two domains of human galectin-8 independently recognize sialyl- and fucosyl-containing glycans.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Gómez-Redondo
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park Building 800 48160 Derio Spain
| | - Sandra Delgado
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park Building 800 48160 Derio Spain
| | - Reyes Núñez-Franco
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park Building 800 48160 Derio Spain
| | - Gonzalo Jiménez-Osés
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park Building 800 48160 Derio Spain .,lkerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science Plaza Euskadi 5 48009 Bilbao Spain
| | - Ana Ardá
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park Building 800 48160 Derio Spain .,lkerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science Plaza Euskadi 5 48009 Bilbao Spain
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park Building 800 48160 Derio Spain .,lkerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science Plaza Euskadi 5 48009 Bilbao Spain.,Departament of Organic Chemistry ll, Faculty of Science & Technology, University of the Basque Country 48940 Leioa Spain
| | - Ana Gimeno
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park Building 800 48160 Derio Spain
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Patel B, Kishor C, Houston TA, Shatz-Azoulay H, Zick Y, Vinik Y, Blanchard H. Rational Design and Synthesis of Methyl-β-d-galactomalonyl Phenyl Esters as Potent Galectin-8N Antagonists. J Med Chem 2020; 63:11573-11584. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brijesh Patel
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Chandan Kishor
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, Queensland 4222, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, and Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Todd. A. Houston
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Hadas Shatz-Azoulay
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yehiel Zick
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yaron Vinik
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Helen Blanchard
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, Queensland 4222, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, and Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
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9
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Full-length galectin-8 and separate carbohydrate recognition domains: the whole is greater than the sum of its parts? Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 48:1255-1268. [PMID: 32597487 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Galectin-8 (Gal-8) is a tandem-repeat type galectin with affinity for β-galactosides, bearing two carbohydrate recognition domains (CRD) connected by a linker peptide. The N- and C-terminal domains (Gal-8N and Gal-8C) share 35% homology, and their glycan ligand specificity is notably dissimilar: while Gal-8N shows strong affinity for α(2-3)-sialylated oligosaccharides, Gal-8C has higher affinity for non-sialylated oligosaccharides, including poly-N-acetyllactosamine and/ or A and B blood group structures. Particularly relevant for understanding the biological role of this lectin, full-length Gal-8 can bind cell surface glycoconjugates with broader affinity than the isolated Gal-8N and Gal-8C domains, a trait also described for other tandem-repeat galectins. Herein, we aim to discuss the potential use of separate CRDs in modelling tandem-repeat galectin-8 and its biological functions. For this purpose, we will cover several aspects of the structure-function relationship of this protein including crystallographic structures, glycan specificity, cell function and biological roles, with the ultimate goal of understanding the potential role of each CRD in predicting full-length Gal-8 involvement in relevant biological processes.
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10
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Fraser J, Simpson J, Fontana R, Kishi‐Itakura C, Ktistakis NT, Gammoh N. Targeting of early endosomes by autophagy facilitates EGFR recycling and signalling. EMBO Rep 2019; 20:e47734. [PMID: 31448519 PMCID: PMC6776898 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201947734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recently uncovered connections between autophagy and the endocytic pathway, the role of autophagy in regulating endosomal function remains incompletely understood. Here, we find that the ablation of autophagy-essential players disrupts EGF-induced endocytic trafficking of EGFR. Cells lacking ATG7 or ATG16L1 exhibit increased levels of phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate (PI(3)P), a key determinant of early endosome maturation. Increased PI(3)P levels are associated with an accumulation of EEA1-positive endosomes where EGFR trafficking is stalled. Aberrant early endosomes are recognised by the autophagy machinery in a TBK1- and Gal8-dependent manner and are delivered to LAMP2-positive lysosomes. Preventing this homeostatic regulation of early endosomes by autophagy reduces EGFR recycling to the plasma membrane and compromises downstream signalling and cell survival. Our findings uncover a novel role for the autophagy machinery in maintaining early endosome function and growth factor sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Fraser
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh CentreInstitute of Genetics and Molecular MedicineUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Joanne Simpson
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh CentreInstitute of Genetics and Molecular MedicineUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Rosa Fontana
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh CentreInstitute of Genetics and Molecular MedicineUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | | | | | - Noor Gammoh
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh CentreInstitute of Genetics and Molecular MedicineUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
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11
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Kumar S, Cieplak P. Role of N-glycosylation in activation of proMMP-9. A molecular dynamics simulations study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191157. [PMID: 29329315 PMCID: PMC5766141 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human matrix metalloproteinase proMMP-9 is secreted as latent zymogen, which requires two-steps proteolytic activation. The secreted proMMP-9 is glycosylated at two positions: Asn38 and Asn120 located in the prodomain and catalytic domain, respectively. It has been demonstrated that glycosylation at Asn120 is required for secretion of the enzyme, while the role of Asn38 glycosylation is not well understood, but is usually linked to the activation process. One hypothesis stated that the Asn38 glycosylation might protect against proteolytic activation. However, the activation process occurs with or without the presence of this glycosylation. We conducted molecular dynamics (MD) simulations on the glycosylated and non-glycosylated proMMP-9 to elucidate the effect of Asn38 glycosylation on this two-step activation process. The simulation results suggest that Asn38 glycosylation does not hinder the activation process directly, but induces conformational changes in the vicinity of the first proteolytic region in such a way that E59-M60 cleavage is processed before R106-F107. These results correlate with analysis provided by Boon et al. and experimental data from Ogata et al. who attempted to determine the order of events in activation of proMMP-9. Results from additional MD simulations for the model of glycosylated proMMP-9 bound to galectin-8 N-domain suggest that Gal-8 by interacting with Asn38 glycan might further facilitate processing of the first cleavage between E59-M60. Thus, our simulation results suggest that both Asn38 glycosylation and interaction with Gal-8N may be involved in facilitating and the temporal order of the activation process of pro-MMP9. The aim of this report is to provide an inspiration for future detailed experiments aimed at explaining the role of N-glycosylation in the activation process of prodomain of MMP-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonu Kumar
- SBP Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Piotr Cieplak
- SBP Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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12
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Galectin Targeted Therapy in Oncology: Current Knowledge and Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010210. [PMID: 29320431 PMCID: PMC5796159 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence and mortality of cancer have increased over the past decades. Significant progress has been made in understanding the underpinnings of this disease and developing therapies. Despite this, cancer still remains a major therapeutic challenge. Current therapeutic research has targeted several aspects of the disease such as cancer development, growth, angiogenesis and metastases. Many molecular and cellular mechanisms remain unknown and current therapies have so far failed to meet their intended potential. Recent studies show that glycans, especially oligosaccharide chains, may play a role in carcinogenesis as recognition patterns for galectins. Galectins are members of the lectin family, which show high affinity for β-galactosides. The galectin–glycan conjugate plays a fundamental role in metastasis, angiogenesis, tumor immunity, proliferation and apoptosis. Galectins’ action is mediated by a structure containing at least one carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD). The potential prognostic value of galectins has been described in several neoplasms and helps clinicians predict disease outcome and determine therapeutic interventions. Currently, new therapeutic strategies involve the use of inhibitors such as competitive carbohydrates, small non-carbohydrate binding molecules and antibodies. This review outlines our current knowledge regarding the mechanism of action and potential therapy implications of galectins in cancer.
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Role of Galectins in Multiple Myeloma. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122740. [PMID: 29258207 PMCID: PMC5751341 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectins are a family of lectins that bind β-galactose-containing glycoconjugates and are characterized by carbohydrate-recognition domains (CRDs). Galectins exploit several biological functions, including angiogenesis, regulation of immune cell activities and cell adhesion, in both physiological and pathological processes, as tumor progression. Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell (PC) malignancy characterized by the tight adhesion between tumoral PCs and bone marrow (BM) microenvironment, leading to the increase of PC survival and drug resistance, MM-induced neo-angiogenesis, immunosuppression and osteolytic bone lesions. In this review, we explore the expression profiles and the roles of galectin-1, galectin-3, galectin-8 and galectin-9 in the pathophysiology of MM. We focus on the role of these lectins in the interplay between MM and BM microenvironment cells showing their involvement in MM progression mainly through the regulation of PC survival and MM-induced angiogenesis and osteoclastogenesis. The translational impact of these pre-clinical pieces of evidence is supported by recent data that indicate galectins could be new attractive targets to block MM cell growth in vivo and by the evidence that the expression levels of LGALS1 and LGALS8, genes encoding for galectin-1 and galectin-8 respectively, correlate to MM patients’ survival.
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Ganesan A, Coote ML, Barakat K. Molecular dynamics-driven drug discovery: leaping forward with confidence. Drug Discov Today 2017; 22:249-269. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Bhat R, Chakraborty M, Glimm T, Stewart TA, Newman SA. Deep phylogenomics of a tandem-repeat galectin regulating appendicular skeletal pattern formation. BMC Evol Biol 2016; 16:162. [PMID: 27538950 PMCID: PMC4989294 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-016-0729-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A multiscale network of two galectins Galectin-1 (Gal-1) and Galectin-8 (Gal-8) patterns the avian limb skeleton. Among vertebrates with paired appendages, chondrichthyan fins typically have one or more cartilage plates and many repeating parallel endoskeletal elements, actinopterygian fins have more varied patterns of nodules, bars and plates, while tetrapod limbs exhibit tandem arrays of few, proximodistally increasing numbers of elements. We applied a comparative genomic and protein evolution approach to understand the origin of the galectin patterning network. Having previously observed a phylogenetic constraint on Gal-1 structure across vertebrates, we asked whether evolutionary changes of Gal-8 could have critically contributed to the origin of the tetrapod pattern. RESULTS Translocations, duplications, and losses of Gal-8 genes in Actinopterygii established them in different genomic locations from those that the Sarcopterygii (including the tetrapods) share with chondrichthyans. The sarcopterygian Gal-8 genes acquired a potentially regulatory non-coding motif and underwent purifying selection. The actinopterygian Gal-8 genes, in contrast, did not acquire the non-coding motif and underwent positive selection. CONCLUSION These observations interpreted through the lens of a reaction-diffusion-adhesion model based on avian experimental findings can account for the distinct endoskeletal patterns of cartilaginous, ray-finned, and lobe-finned fishes, and the stereotypical limb skeletons of tetrapods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramray Bhat
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Present Address: Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012 India
| | - Mahul Chakraborty
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Tilmann Glimm
- Department of Mathematics, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA 98229 USA
| | - Thomas A. Stewart
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
- Minnesota Center for Philosophy of Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Stuart A. Newman
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595 USA
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Grant OC, Tessier MB, Meche L, Mahal LK, Foley BL, Woods RJ. Combining 3D structure with glycan array data provides insight into the origin of glycan specificity. Glycobiology 2016; 26:772-783. [PMID: 26911287 PMCID: PMC4976521 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cww020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Defining how a glycan-binding protein (GBP) specifically selects its cognate glycan from among the ensemble of glycans within the cellular glycome is an area of intense study. Powerful insight into recognition mechanisms can be gained from 3D structures of GBPs complexed to glycans; however, such structures remain difficult to obtain experimentally. Here an automated 3D structure generation technique, called computational carbohydrate grafting, is combined with the wealth of specificity information available from glycan array screening. Integration of the array data with modeling and crystallography allows generation of putative co-complex structures that can be objectively assessed and iteratively altered until a high level of agreement with experiment is achieved. Given an accurate model of the co-complexes, grafting is also able to discern which binding determinants are active when multiple potential determinants are present within a glycan. In some cases, induced fit in the protein or glycan was necessary to explain the observed specificity, while in other examples a revised definition of the minimal binding determinants was required. When applied to a collection of 10 GBP-glycan complexes, for which crystallographic and array data have been reported, grafting provided a structural rationalization for the binding specificity of >90% of 1223 arrayed glycans. A webtool that enables researchers to perform computational carbohydrate grafting is available at www.glycam.org/gr (accessed 03 March 2016).
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver C Grant
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center and Department of Biochemistry, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Matthew B Tessier
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center and Department of Biochemistry, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Lawrence Meche
- New York University Department of Chemistry, Biomedical Chemistry Institute, 100 Washington Square East, Room 1001, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Lara K Mahal
- New York University Department of Chemistry, Biomedical Chemistry Institute, 100 Washington Square East, Room 1001, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Bethany L Foley
- New York University Department of Chemistry, Biomedical Chemistry Institute, 100 Washington Square East, Room 1001, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Robert J Woods
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center and Department of Biochemistry, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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17
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Friedel M, André S, Goldschmidt H, Gabius HJ, Schwartz-Albiez R. Galectin-8 enhances adhesion of multiple myeloma cells to vascular endothelium and is an adverse prognostic factor. Glycobiology 2016; 26:1048-1058. [PMID: 27287437 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cww066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is characterized by abnormal infiltration of malignant plasma cells into bone marrow. Testing the hypothesis that bivalent galectin-8 (Gal-8) may influence homing of myeloma cells to vascular endothelium as a key prerequisite for infiltration, we analyzed the two Gal-8 splice variants (Gal-8S, Gal-8L). They differ in the length of their linker peptide connecting the two lectin domains. Both Gal-8 isoforms bind to cells of the myeloma lines Gal-8+ MOLP-8 and Gal-8- LP-1 in a glycan-inhibitable manner. Both Gal-8 isoforms led to enhanced adhesion of myeloma cells to vascular endothelium under dynamic shear stress conditions, Gal-8L (by more than 40-fold) even stronger than Gal-8S. Additional treatment of endothelial cells with tumour necrosis factor prior to the dynamic shear stress assay entailed an almost 100-fold enhanced adhesion of myeloma cells without addition of Gal-8 variants and a further 1.5-1.7-fold enhancement by addition of Gal-8 variants. We also found that elevated expression of Gal-8 in native multiple myeloma cells is an adverse prognostic factor for overall and event-free survival using patients' gene expression profile data of the total therapy 2 and 3 myeloma studies. Also, elevated concentrations of Gal-8 were detected (45%, 19/42 patients) in sera of multiple myeloma patients compared to those of healthy, age-matched donors. Both experimental and clinical data strongly point to the significance of Gal-8 for multiple myeloma development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Friedel
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Immunity, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine André
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Tierärztliche Fakultät, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539 München, Germany
| | - Hartmut Goldschmidt
- Medizinische Klinik V, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg und Nationales Centrum für Tumorerkrankungen Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Tierärztliche Fakultät, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539 München, Germany
| | - Reinhard Schwartz-Albiez
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Immunity, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Cardoso ACF, Andrade LNDS, Bustos SO, Chammas R. Galectin-3 Determines Tumor Cell Adaptive Strategies in Stressed Tumor Microenvironments. Front Oncol 2016; 6:127. [PMID: 27242966 PMCID: PMC4876484 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 is a member of the β-galactoside-binding lectin family, whose expression is often dysregulated in cancers. While galectin-3 is usually an intracellular protein found in the nucleus and in the cytoplasm, under certain conditions, galectin-3 can be secreted by an yet unknown mechanism. Under stressing conditions (e.g., hypoxia and nutrient deprivation) galectin-3 is upregulated, through the activity of transcription factors, such as HIF-1α and NF-κB. Here, we review evidence that indicates a positive role for galectin-3 in MAPK family signal transduction, leading to cell proliferation and cell survival. Galectin-3 serves as a scaffold protein, which favors the spatial organization of signaling proteins as K-RAS. Upon secretion, extracellular galectin-3 interacts with a variety of cell surface glycoproteins, such as growth factor receptors, integrins, cadherins, and members of the Notch family, among other glycoproteins, besides different extracellular matrix molecules. Through its ability to oligomerize, galectin-3 forms lectin lattices that act as scaffolds that sustain the spatial organization of signaling receptors on the cell surface, dictating its maintenance on the plasma membrane or their endocytosis. Galectin-3 induces tumor cell, endothelial cell, and leukocyte migration, favoring either the exit of tumor cells from a stressed microenvironment or the entry of endothelial cells and leukocytes, such as monocytes/macrophages into the tumor organoid. Therefore, galectin-3 plays homeostatic roles in tumors, as (i) it favors tumor cell adaptation for survival in stressed conditions; (ii) upon secretion, galectin-3 induces tumor cell detachment and migration; and (iii) it attracts monocyte/macrophage and endothelial cells to the tumor mass, inducing both directly and indirectly the process of angiogenesis. The two latter activities are potentially targetable, and specific interventions may be designed to counteract the protumoral role of extracellular galectin-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Ferreira Cardoso
- Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brasil
| | - Luciana Nogueira de Sousa Andrade
- Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brasil
| | - Silvina Odete Bustos
- Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brasil
| | - Roger Chammas
- Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brasil
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Characterization of a double-CRD-mutated Gal-8 recombinant protein that retains co-stimulatory activity on antigen-specific T-cell response. Biochem J 2016; 473:887-98. [PMID: 26795039 DOI: 10.1042/bj20150409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Galectins (Gals) constitute a family of mammalian lectins with affinity for β-galactosides, characterized by the presence of conserved CRDs (carbohydrate-recognition domains). We have found previously that Gal-8, from the tandem-repeat group with two linked CRDs, exerts two separate actions on CD4(+)T-cells: antigen-independent proliferation and, at lower concentration, antigen-specific co-stimulation. Whereas proliferation can be ascribed to the pro-inflammatory role of Gal-8, the co-stimulatory activity of borderline T-cell-specific responses allows the proposal of Gal-8 as an adjuvant in vaccination. To study the relevance of glycan-lectin interaction to these T-cell activities, we generated a double-mutated protein (Gal-8mut) by replacing canonical arginine residues on each CRD, so as to abolish sugar-binding capacity. As expected, Gal-8mut was unable to bind to lactosyl-Sepharose, confirming that lactose recognition was precluded; however, preservation of lectin activity was still evident since Gal-8mut displayed haemoagglutinatory effects and binding capacity to the T-cell surface. To search for glycan affinity, a glycan microarray analysis was conducted which revealed that Gal-8mut lost most low- and intermediate-, but retained high-, affinity interactions, mainly to polylactosamines and blood group antigens. These findings were supported further by molecular modelling. Regarding biological activity, Gal-8mut was unable to induce T-cell proliferation, but efficiently co-stimulated antigen-specific responses, bothin vitroandin vivo.Therefore Gal-8mut represents a useful tool to dissect the specificities of lectin-glycan interactions underlying distinctive Gal-8 activities on T-cell biology. Moreover, given its distinguishing properties, Gal-8mut could be used to enhance borderline immune responses without the non-specific pro-inflammatory activity or other potential adverse effects.
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20
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Parasuraman P, Murugan V, Selvin JFA, Gromiha MM, Fukui K, Veluraja K. Theoretical investigation on the glycan-binding specificity ofAgrocybe cylindraceagalectin using molecular modeling and molecular dynamics simulation studies. J Mol Recognit 2015; 28:528-38. [DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ponnusamy Parasuraman
- Department of Physics; Manonmaniam Sundaranar University; Tirunelveli Tamil Nadu 627012 India
| | - Veeramani Murugan
- Department of Physics; Manonmaniam Sundaranar University; Tirunelveli Tamil Nadu 627012 India
| | | | - M Michael Gromiha
- Department of Biotechnology; Indian Institute of Technology Madras; Chennai Tamil Nadu 600036 India
| | - Kazuhiko Fukui
- Molecular Profiling Research Center for Drug Discovery (molprof); National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST); 2-4-7 Aomi Koto-ku Tokyo 135-0064 Japan
| | - Kasinadar Veluraja
- School of Advanced Sciences; VIT University; Vellore Tamil Nadu 632014 India
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21
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Blessy JJ, Sharmila DJS. Molecular modeling of methyl-α-Neu5Ac analogues docked against cholera toxin - a molecular dynamics study. Glycoconj J 2015; 32:49-67. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-014-9570-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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22
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Haugstad KE, Stokke BT, Brewer CF, Gerken TA, Sletmoen M. Single molecule study of heterotypic interactions between mucins possessing the Tn cancer antigen. Glycobiology 2014; 25:524-34. [PMID: 25527429 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwu183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucins are linear, heavily O-glycosylated proteins with physiological roles that include cell signaling, cell adhesion, inflammation, immune response and tumorgenesis. Cancer-associated mucins often differ from normal mucins by presenting truncated carbohydrate chains. Characterization of the binding properties of mucins with truncated carbohydrate side chains could thus prove relevant for understanding their role in cancer mechanisms such as metastasis and recognition by the immune system. In this work, heterotypic interactions of model mucins that possess the Tn (GalNAcαThr/Ser) and T (Galβ1-3GalNAcαThr/Ser) cancer antigens derived from porcine submaxillary mucin (PSM) were studied using atomic force microscopy. PSM possessing only the Tn antigen (Tn-PSM) was found to bind to PSM analogs possessing a combination of T, Tn and STn antigens as well as biosynthetic analogs of the core 1 blood group A tetrasaccharide (GalNAcα1-3[Fucα1-2] Galβ1-3GalNAcαSer/Thr). The rupture forces for the heterotypic interactions ranged from 18- to 31 pN at a force-loading rate of ∼0.5 nN/s. The thermally averaged distance from the bound complex to the transition state (xβ) was estimated to be in the range 0.37-0.87 nm for the first barrier of the Bell Evans analysis and within 0.34-0.64 nm based on a lifetime analysis. These findings reveal that the binding strength and energy landscape for heterotypic interactions of Tn-PSM with the above mucins, resemble homotypic interactions of Tn-PSM. This suggests common carbohydrate epitope interactions for the Tn cancer antigen with the above mucin analogs, a finding that may be important to the role of the Tn antigen in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin E Haugstad
- Department of Physics, Biophysics and Medical Technology, The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim NO-7491, Norway
| | - Bjørn T Stokke
- Department of Physics, Biophysics and Medical Technology, The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim NO-7491, Norway
| | - C Fred Brewer
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Thomas A Gerken
- W.A. Bernbaum Center for Cystic Fibrosis Research, Departments of Pediatrics, Biochemistry and Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106-4948, USA
| | - Marit Sletmoen
- Department of Physics, Biophysics and Medical Technology, The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim NO-7491, Norway
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Modenutti C, Gauto D, Radusky L, Blanco J, Turjanski A, Hajos S, Marti M. Using crystallographic water properties for the analysis and prediction of lectin-carbohydrate complex structures. Glycobiology 2014; 25:181-96. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwu102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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24
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Grant OC, Woods RJ. Recent advances in employing molecular modelling to determine the specificity of glycan-binding proteins. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2014; 28:47-55. [PMID: 25108191 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Impressive improvements in docking performance can be achieved by applying energy bonuses to poses in which glycan hydroxyl groups occupy positions otherwise preferred by bound waters. In addition, inclusion of glycosidic conformational energies allows unlikely glycan conformations to be appropriately penalized. A method for predicting the binding specificity of glycan-binding proteins has been developed, which is based on grafting glycan branches onto a minimal binding determinant in the binding site. Grafting can be used either to screen virtual libraries of glycans, such as the known glycome, or to identify docked poses of minimal binding determinants that are consistent with specificity data. The reviewed advances allow accurate modelling of carbohydrate-protein 3D co-complexes, but challenges remain in ranking the affinity of congeners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver C Grant
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, 315 Riverbend Road, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - Robert J Woods
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, 315 Riverbend Road, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States; School of Chemistry, University Road, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
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25
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Troncoso MF, Ferragut F, Bacigalupo ML, Cárdenas Delgado VM, Nugnes LG, Gentilini L, Laderach D, Wolfenstein-Todel C, Compagno D, Rabinovich GA, Elola MT. Galectin-8: a matricellular lectin with key roles in angiogenesis. Glycobiology 2014; 24:907-14. [PMID: 24939370 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwu054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-8 (gal-8) is a "tandem-repeat"-type galectin, containing two carbohydrate recognition domains connected by a linker peptide. gal-8 is expressed both in the cytoplasm and nucleus in vascular endothelial cells (ECs) from normal and tumor-associated blood vessels, and in lymphatic endothelial cells. Herein, we describe a novel role for gal-8 in the regulation of vascular and lymphatic angiogenesis and provide evidence of its critical implications in tumor biology. Functional assays revealed central roles for gal-8 in the control of capillary-tube formation, EC migration and in vivo angiogenesis. So far, two endothelial ligands have been described for gal-8, namely podoplanin in lymphatic vessels and CD166 (ALCAM, activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule) in vascular ECs. Other related gal-8 functions are also summarized here, including cell adhesion and migration, which collectively demonstrate the multi-functionality of this complex lectin. Thus, gal-8 is an important component of the angiogenesis network, and an essential molecule in the extracellular matrix by providing molecular anchoring to this surrounding matrix. The implications of gal-8 in tumor angiogenesis remain to be further explored, but it is exciting to speculate that modulating gal-8-glycan interactions could be used to block lymphatic-vascular connections vital for metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- María F Troncoso
- Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas Prof. Dr. Alejandro Paladini (UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica
| | - Fátima Ferragut
- Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas Prof. Dr. Alejandro Paladini (UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica
| | - María L Bacigalupo
- Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas Prof. Dr. Alejandro Paladini (UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica
| | - Víctor M Cárdenas Delgado
- Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas Prof. Dr. Alejandro Paladini (UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica
| | - Lorena G Nugnes
- Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas Prof. Dr. Alejandro Paladini (UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica
| | - Lucas Gentilini
- Laboratorio de Glicómica Funcional, IQUIBICEN-CONICET, Departamento de Química Biológica. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego Laderach
- Laboratorio de Glicómica Funcional, IQUIBICEN-CONICET, Departamento de Química Biológica. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlota Wolfenstein-Todel
- Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas Prof. Dr. Alejandro Paladini (UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica
| | - Daniel Compagno
- Laboratorio de Glicómica Funcional, IQUIBICEN-CONICET, Departamento de Química Biológica. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Glicómica Funcional, IQUIBICEN-CONICET, Departamento de Química Biológica. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME - CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María T Elola
- Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas Prof. Dr. Alejandro Paladini (UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica
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Nagae M, Yamaguchi Y. Three-dimensional structural aspects of protein-polysaccharide interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:3768-83. [PMID: 24595239 PMCID: PMC3975366 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15033768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Linear polysaccharides are typically composed of repeating mono- or disaccharide units and are ubiquitous among living organisms. Polysaccharide diversity arises from chain-length variation, branching, and additional modifications. Structural diversity is associated with various physiological functions, which are often regulated by cognate polysaccharide-binding proteins. Proteins that interact with linear polysaccharides have been identified or developed, such as galectins and polysaccharide-specific antibodies, respectively. Currently, data is accumulating on the three-dimensional structure of polysaccharide-binding proteins. These proteins are classified into two types: exo-type and endo-type. The former group specifically interacts with the terminal units of polysaccharides, whereas the latter with internal units. In this review, we describe the structural aspects of exo-type and endo-type protein-polysaccharide interactions. Further, we discuss the structural basis for affinity and specificity enhancement in the face of inherently weak binding interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masamichi Nagae
- Structural Glycobiology Team, Systems Glycobiology Research Group, RIKEN-Max Planck Joint Research Center, RIKEN Global Research Cluster, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Yoshiki Yamaguchi
- Structural Glycobiology Team, Systems Glycobiology Research Group, RIKEN-Max Planck Joint Research Center, RIKEN Global Research Cluster, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
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Russo L, Sgambato A, Giannoni P, Quarto R, Vesentini S, Gautieri A, Cipolla L. Response of osteoblast-like MG63 on neoglycosylated collagen matrices. MEDCHEMCOMM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4md00056k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Collagen matrices modified in order to expose galactose residues to cells were studied for their interaction with osteosarcoma-derived cell line MG63.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Russo
- Dept. of Biotechnology and Biosciences
- University of Milano-Bicocca
- 20126 Milano
- Italy
| | - Antonella Sgambato
- Dept. of Biotechnology and Biosciences
- University of Milano-Bicocca
- 20126 Milano
- Italy
| | - Paolo Giannoni
- Dept. of Experimental Medicine
- University of Genova
- 16132 Genova
- Italy
| | - Rodolfo Quarto
- Dept. of Experimental Medicine
- University of Genova
- 16132 Genova
- Italy
| | - Simone Vesentini
- Dept. Elettronica
- Informazione e Bioingegneria
- Politecnico di Milano
- 20133 Milan
- Italy
| | - Alfonso Gautieri
- Dept. Elettronica
- Informazione e Bioingegneria
- Politecnico di Milano
- 20133 Milan
- Italy
| | - Laura Cipolla
- Dept. of Biotechnology and Biosciences
- University of Milano-Bicocca
- 20126 Milano
- Italy
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