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Mohammad N, Nazli R, Fatima S, Fozia F, Zafar H, Zafar M, Zafar Z, Khan W, Abulmeaty M, Aldisi D, Andrade Laborde J, Aboul-Soud M. Lipid-based Nutritional Supplement Impact on Energy Intake, Appetite, Glucose and Insulin Levels in Under-Weight Pregnant and Lactating Women with Preeclampsia. Biosci Rep 2024; 44:BSR20231344. [PMID: 38206092 PMCID: PMC10830442 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20231344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the response of nutritional supplement (LNS-PLW) on appetite score, energy intake, insulin and glucose levels in preeclamptic women. DESIGN & PARTICIPANTS Sixty under-weight preeclamptic primigravida were divided into two groups randomly and provided LNS-PLW/Placebo in the fasted state. Blood samples were collected at fasting state, after 30mins of supplementation, "ad libitum buffet" breakfast and lunch for glucose and insulin levels. RESULTS Total energy intake was higher significantly in the LNS-PLW group, although during breakfast it was significantly reduced. The insulin and glucose concentration was significantly increased after 30min of supplementation in the LNS-PLW group. CONCLUSION Intake of the LNS-PLW by pre-eclamptic women had short-term suppression on subsequent meal but improved total energy intake during trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabila Sher Mohammad
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Science, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
| | - Rubina Nazli
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Science, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Fatima
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Science, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
| | - Fozia Fozia
- Department of Biochemistry, KMU Institute of Dental Science, Kohat 26000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Hafza Zafar
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Science, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
| | - Mashal Zafar
- Institute of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
| | - Zarghuna Zafar
- Institute of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
| | - Warda Khan
- Rehman Dental Collage, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
| | - Mahmoud M.A. Abulmeaty
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Dara Aldisi
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Juan E. Andrade Laborde
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Florida, 110370 Gainesville, FL, U.S.A
| | - Mourad A.M. Aboul-Soud
- Department of Clinical, Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
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Jouhki I, Sarin HV, Jauhiainen M, O'Connell TM, Isola V, Ahtiainen JP, Hulmi JJ, Perola M. Effects of fat loss and low energy availability on the serum cardiometabolic profile of physique athletes. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2024; 34:e14553. [PMID: 38268074 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Low energy availability (LEA) is a health concern for athletes, although it may paradoxically lead to improved cardiometabolic health in the general population. We investigated the associations between LEA, body composition, and serum cardiometabolic profile in 23 physique athletes (DIET) and 21 controls (CONT) during a 5-month pre-competition diet (MID), followed by 1 week of increased energy availability (COMP) and a 5-month weight regain period (POST). Quantification of 250 serum metabolome variables was conducted by NMR spectroscopy, body composition by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, dietary intake by food diaries, and exercise levels by training logs. Body fat percentage decreased from 19.5 ± 7.0% to 8.3 ± 5.3% (p < 0.001) in DIET through increased exercise levels and decreased energy intake, while CONT maintained those constant. In MID, DIET had increased (FDR < 0.01) HDL cholesterol, HDL particle size and number, and decreased (FDR < 0.05) VLDL lipids, serum triglycerides, and low-grade inflammation (glycoprotein acetyls) compared to baseline and CONT. The changes were associated with reduced android fat mass (-78 ± 13%) and energy intake (-28 ± 10%). In COMP, most of the metabolic changes found in MID persisted, except for altered triglycerides in all lipoprotein classes. After weight regain in POST, serum metabolome, body composition, energy intake, and exercise levels had reverted to baseline levels. In conclusion, fat loss and LEA may have beneficial yet transient effects on the serum cardiometabolic profile of lean individuals. Especially the HDL lipidome and lipoprotein triglycerides offer potential novel biomarkers for detecting LEA in athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Jouhki
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - H V Sarin
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Jauhiainen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Minerva Foundation, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - T M O'Connell
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - V Isola
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, NeuroMuscular Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - J P Ahtiainen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, NeuroMuscular Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - J J Hulmi
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, NeuroMuscular Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - M Perola
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Gioxari A, Grammatikopoulou MG, Katsarou C, Panagiotakos DB, Toutouza M, Kavouras SA, Sidossis LS, Maraki MI. A Modified Mediterranean Diet Improves Fasting and Postprandial Glucoregulation in Adults with Overweight and Obesity: A Pilot Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15347. [PMID: 36430066 PMCID: PMC9692994 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The ideal lifestyle intervention to battle both obesity and diabetes is currently unknown. The aim of this pilot uncontrolled intervention trial was to assess the effect of a modified Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) on weight loss and glucoregulation among overweight/obese adults. Eleven men and women with overweight/obesity, aged 37 ± 12 years, participated in a free-living intervention until 10% weight loss was achieved. Participants followed an individualized MedDiet high in monounsaturated fat and protein with decreased carbohydrate and saturated fat contents. Physical activity and dietary intake were monitored with pedometers and food records, respectively. Upon weight loss achievement, anthropometric measurements, blood metabolic profiles and individual responses to oral glucose and mixed-meal tests were evaluated pre- and post-intervention. The results showed significant ameliorations in body fat, waist circumference and leptin levels (p < 0.01), with concomitant increases in adiponectin-leptin ratios (p < 0.001). Glucoregulation was significantly improved according to glucose and insulin responses, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance indices and postprandial insulin sensitivity indices (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the modified Mediterranean diet may induce significant improvements in body composition, adipocytokine profile and glucose metabolism in overweight/obese individuals. Notably, ameliorated glycemia and increased insulin sensitivity may be retained even at postprandial level, irrespective of the meal consumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristea Gioxari
- Department of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, School of Health Science, University of the Peloponnese, Antikalamos, GR24100 Kalamata, Greece
| | - Maria G. Grammatikopoulou
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, GR41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Christina Katsarou
- Laboratory of Nutrition & Clinical Dietetics, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 70th Eleftheriou Venizelou Str., GR17676 Athens, Greece
| | - Demosthenes B. Panagiotakos
- Laboratory of Nutrition & Clinical Dietetics, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 70th Eleftheriou Venizelou Str., GR17676 Athens, Greece
| | - Marina Toutouza
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hippokration General Hospital, 2–4 Mesogeion Avenue, GR11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Stavros A. Kavouras
- Hydration Science Lab, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Labros S. Sidossis
- Laboratory of Nutrition & Clinical Dietetics, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 70th Eleftheriou Venizelou Str., GR17676 Athens, Greece
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Maria I. Maraki
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University, GR72300 Sitia, Greece
- Section of Sport Medicine and Biology of Exercise, School of Physical Education and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 41 Ethnikis Antistaseos Str., GR17237 Athens, Greece
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4
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Tranæs K, Ding C, Chooi YC, Chan Z, Choo J, Leow MKS, Magkos F. Dissociation Between Insulin Resistance and Abnormalities in Lipoprotein Particle Concentrations and Sizes in Normal-Weight Chinese Adults. Front Nutr 2021; 8:651199. [PMID: 33718425 PMCID: PMC7952320 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.651199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance in obesity coincides with abnormalities in lipid profile and lipoprotein subclass distribution and size even before abnormalities in glucose homeostasis manifest. We aimed to assess this relationship in the absence of obesity. Insulin sensitivity (3-h intravenous glucose tolerance test and minimal modeling) and lipoprotein particle concentrations and sizes (proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy) were evaluated in 15 insulin-resistant and 15 insulin-sensitive lean Asians of Chinese descent with normal glucose tolerance, matched on age, sex, and body mass index. Despite a ~50% lower insulin sensitivity index (Si) in insulin-resistant than in insulin-sensitive subjects, which was accompanied by significantly greater acute insulin response to glucose (AIRg) and fasting insulin concentration but not different fasting glucose concentration, there were no significant differences between groups in the blood lipid profile (p ≥ 0.44) or the lipoprotein subclass concentrations (p ≥ 0.30) and particle sizes (p ≥ 0.43). We conclude that, contrary to observations in subjects with obesity, insulin resistance is not accompanied by unfavorable changes in the plasma lipid profile and lipoprotein particle concentrations and sizes in lean Asians with normal glucose tolerance. Therefore, insulin resistance at the level of glucose metabolism is mechanistically or temporally dissociated from lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. Trial Registration:clinicaltrials.gov, NCT03264001.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaare Tranæs
- Section for Obesity Research, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Cherlyn Ding
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR) and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yu Chung Chooi
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR) and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhiling Chan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR) and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - John Choo
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR) and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Melvin K-S Leow
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR) and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Faidon Magkos
- Section for Obesity Research, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.,Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR) and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
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5
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Bray GA, Bouchard C. The biology of human overfeeding: A systematic review. Obes Rev 2020; 21:e13040. [PMID: 32515127 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review has examined more than 300 original papers dealing with the biology of overfeeding. Studies have varied from 1 day to 6 months. Overfeeding produced weight gain in adolescents, adult men and women and in older men. In longer term studies, there was a clear and highly significant relationship between energy ingested and weight gain and fat storage with limited individual differences. There is some evidence for a contribution of a genetic component to this response variability. The response to overfeeding was affected by the baseline state of the groups being compared: those with insulin resistance versus insulin sensitivity; those prone to obesity versus those resistant to obesity; and those with metabolically abnormal obesity versus those with metabolically normal obesity. Dietary components, such as total fat, polyunsaturated fat and carbohydrate influenced the patterns of adipose tissue distribution as did the history of low or normal birth weight. Overfeeding affected the endocrine system with increased circulating concentrations of insulin and triiodothyronine frequently present. Growth hormone, in contrast, was rapidly suppressed. Changes in plasma lipids were influenced by diet, exercise and the magnitude of weight gain. Adipose tissue and skeletal muscle morphology and metabolism are substantially altered by chronic overfeeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A Bray
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Claude Bouchard
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
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6
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Ding C, Chooi YUC, Chan Z, Lo J, Choo J, Ding BTK, Leow MKS, Magkos F. Dose-Dependent Effects of Exercise and Diet on Insulin Sensitivity and Secretion. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020; 51:2109-2116. [PMID: 31033904 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE A single bout of aerobic exercise increases insulin sensitivity the next day. The effects of exercise on insulin secretion, the role of exercise-induced energy deficit, and possible dose-response relationships are not well understood. This study aimed to evaluate insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion after progressively greater negative energy balance induced by exercise or diet. METHODS Acute energy deficits (20% or 40% of weight maintenance needs) were induced by a single day of aerobic exercise (cycling at moderate intensity, n = 13) or dietary restriction (n = 19) in healthy men and women (age, 26 ± 2 yr; body mass index, 21.8 ± 0.5 kg·m). Intravenous glucose tolerance tests in conjunction with minimal modeling were performed the next morning, and blood samples were collected for 3 h to measure glucose and insulin concentrations. RESULTS Insulin sensitivity increased linearly after exercise-induced energy deficits (P = 0.007) but did not change after equivalent diet-induced energy deficits (P = 0.673). Acute insulin response decreased after both exercise (P < 0.001) and dietary restriction (P = 0.005). The disposition index and glucose effectiveness were not affected by exercise (P = 0.138 and 0.808, respectively), but both decreased after 40% dietary restriction (P = 0.048 and 0.002, respectively). CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion are related to exercise energy expenditure, albeit in a different fashion (insulin sensitivity increases linearly, whereas insulin secretion drops to a nadir with a low exercise dose and does not decrease further). These changes cannot be replicated by equivalent energy deficits induced by dietary restriction, suggesting that exercise and diet have different effects on the mechanisms regulating glucose homeostasis. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03264001.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherlyn Ding
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) and National University Health System, SINGAPORE
| | - Y U Chung Chooi
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) and National University Health System, SINGAPORE
| | - Zhiling Chan
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) and National University Health System, SINGAPORE
| | - Jezebel Lo
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) and National University Health System, SINGAPORE
| | - John Choo
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) and National University Health System, SINGAPORE
| | - Benjamin Tze Keong Ding
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) and National University Health System, SINGAPORE
| | - Melvin K-S Leow
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) and National University Health System, SINGAPORE.,Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, SINGAPORE.,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, SINGAPORE.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, SINGAPORE
| | - Faidon Magkos
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) and National University Health System, SINGAPORE.,Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), SINGAPORE.,Section for Obesity Research, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, DENMARK
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7
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CCAP regulates feeding behavior via the NPF pathway in Drosophila adults. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:7401-7408. [PMID: 32179671 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1914037117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The intake of macronutrients is crucial for the fitness of any animal and is mainly regulated by peripheral signals to the brain. How the brain receives and translates these peripheral signals or how these interactions lead to changes in feeding behavior is not well-understood. We discovered that 2 crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP)-expressing neurons in Drosophila adults regulate feeding behavior and metabolism. Notably, loss of CCAP, or knocking down the CCAP receptor (CCAP-R) in 2 dorsal median neurons, inhibits the release of neuropeptide F (NPF), which regulates feeding behavior. Furthermore, under starvation conditions, flies normally have an increased sensitivity to sugar; however, loss of CCAP, or CCAP-R in 2 dorsal median NPF neurons, inhibited sugar sensitivity in satiated and starved flies. Separate from its regulation of NPF signaling, the CCAP peptide also regulates triglyceride levels. Additionally, genetic and optogenetic studies demonstrate that CCAP signaling is necessary and sufficient to stimulate a reflexive feeding behavior, the proboscis extension reflex (PER), elicited when external food cues are interpreted as palatable. Dopaminergic signaling was also sufficient to induce a PER. On the other hand, although necessary, NPF neurons were not able to induce a PER. These data illustrate that the CCAP peptide is a central regulator of feeding behavior and metabolism in adult flies, and that NPF neurons have an important regulatory role within this system.
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Chooi YC, Ding C, Chan Z, Lo J, Choo J, Ding BTK, Leow MKS, Magkos F. Lipoprotein Subclass Profile after Progressive Energy Deficits Induced by Calorie Restriction or Exercise. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10111814. [PMID: 30469333 PMCID: PMC6266835 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Weight loss, induced by chronic energy deficit, improves the blood lipid profile. However, the effects of an acute negative energy balance and the comparative efficacy of diet and exercise are not well-established. We determined the effects of progressive, acute energy deficits (20% or 40% of daily energy requirements) induced by a single day of calorie restriction (n = 19) or aerobic exercise (n = 13) in healthy subjects (age: 26 ± 9 years; body mass index (BMI): 21.8 ± 2.9 kg/m²). Fasting plasma concentrations of very low-, intermediate-, low-, and high-density lipoprotein (VLDL, LDL, IDL, and HDL, respectively) particles and their subclasses were determined using nuclear magnetic resonance. Total plasma triglyceride and VLDL-triglyceride concentrations decreased after calorie restriction and exercise (all p ≤ 0.025); the pattern of change was linear with an increasing energy deficit (all p < 0.03), with no evidence of plateauing. The number of circulating large and medium VLDL particles decreased after diet and exercise (all p < 0.015), with no change in small VLDL particles. The concentrations of IDL, LDL, and HDL particles, their relative distributions, and the particle sizes were not altered. Our data indicate that an acute negative energy balance induced by calorie restriction and aerobic exercise reduces triglyceride concentrations in a dose-dependent manner, by decreasing circulating large and medium VLDL particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chung Chooi
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) and National University Health System, Singapore 117599, Singapore.
| | - Cherlyn Ding
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) and National University Health System, Singapore 117599, Singapore.
| | - Zhiling Chan
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) and National University Health System, Singapore 117599, Singapore.
| | - Jezebel Lo
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) and National University Health System, Singapore 117599, Singapore.
| | - John Choo
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) and National University Health System, Singapore 117609, Singapore.
| | - Benjamin T K Ding
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) and National University Health System, Singapore 117609, Singapore.
| | - Melvin K-S Leow
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) and National University Health System, Singapore 117599, Singapore.
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433, Singapore.
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore.
| | - Faidon Magkos
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) and National University Health System, Singapore 117599, Singapore.
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore 117593, Singapore.
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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9
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Beukhof CM, Massolt ET, Visser TJ, Korevaar TIM, Medici M, de Herder WW, Roeters van Lennep JE, Mulder MT, de Rijke YB, Reiners C, Verburg FA, Peeters RP. Effects of Thyrotropin on Peripheral Thyroid Hormone Metabolism and Serum Lipids. Thyroid 2018; 28:168-174. [PMID: 29316865 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2017.0330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subclinical hypothyroidism is associated with dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis. Whether these effects are in part mediated via direct effects of thyrotropin (TSH) on peripheral thyroid hormone (TH) metabolism and/or concentrations of serum lipids is not clear. OBJECTIVE This study examined whether TSH has direct effects on peripheral TH metabolism and serum lipids. METHODS Eighty-two patients with differentiated thyroid cancer were retrospectively analyzed. All patients had undergone total thyroidectomy and 131I remnant ablation. During follow-up, two successive injections of recombinant human TSH (rhTSH) were administered to patients on a stable dose of levothyroxine. In all patients, TSH, thyroxine (T4), free T4 (fT4), triiodothyronine (T3), reverse T3 (rT3), total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, lipoprotein(a), and triglyceride levels were measured immediately before the first and approximately 72 hours after the second injection of rhTSH. RESULTS After rhTSH stimulation, T3 values decreased (from 1.91 to 1.81 nmol/L; p < 0.001). T4, fT4, and rT3 did not change. After rhTSH, median apolipoprotein B increased from 0.90 to 0.92 g/L (p = 0.03), lipoprotein(a) from 0.21 to 0.24 g/L (p < 0.001), and triglycerides from 1.98 to 2.50 mmol/L (p < 0.001). Serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased from 0.98 to 0.81 mmol/L (p < 0.001). Multiple regression analysis showed that the changes in lipids were most closely associated with the decrease in T3 levels. CONCLUSIONS TSH has direct effects on peripheral TH metabolism by decreasing T3 levels in levothyroxine-treated thyroidectomized patients. This decrease in T3 levels is accompanied by unfavorable changes in serum lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolien M Beukhof
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, University Medical Center , Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elske T Massolt
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, University Medical Center , Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Theo J Visser
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, University Medical Center , Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tim I M Korevaar
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, University Medical Center , Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Medici
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, University Medical Center , Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter W de Herder
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, University Medical Center , Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Monique T Mulder
- 2 Department of Vascular Medicine, University Medical Center , Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yolanda B de Rijke
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, University Medical Center , Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- 3 Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center , Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christoph Reiners
- 4 Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Wuerzburg , Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Frederik A Verburg
- 4 Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Wuerzburg , Wuerzburg, Germany
- 5 Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Marburg , Marburg, Germany
| | - Robin P Peeters
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, University Medical Center , Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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10
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Investigation into the acute effects of total and partial energy restriction on postprandial metabolism among overweight/obese participants. Br J Nutr 2016; 115:951-9. [PMID: 26819200 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114515005346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The intermittent energy restriction (IER) approach to weight loss involves short periods of substantial (75-100 %) energy restriction (ER) interspersed with normal eating. This study aimed to characterise the early metabolic response to these varying degrees of ER, which occurs acutely and prior to weight loss. Ten (three female) healthy, overweight/obese participants (36 (SEM 5) years; 29·0 (sem 1·1) kg/m2) took part in this acute three-way cross-over study. Participants completed three 1-d dietary interventions in a randomised order with a 1-week washout period: isoenergetic intake, partial 75 % ER and total 100 % ER. Fasting and postprandial (6-h) metabolic responses to a liquid test meal were assessed the following morning via serial blood sampling and indirect calorimetry. Food intake was also recorded for two subsequent days of ad libitum intake. Relative to the isoenergetic control, postprandial glucose responses were increased following total ER (+142 %; P=0·015) and to a lesser extent after partial ER (+76 %; P=0·051). There was also a delay in the glucose time to peak after total ER only (P=0·024). Both total and partial ER interventions produced comparable reductions in postprandial TAG responses (-75 and -59 %, respectively; both P<0·05) and 3-d energy intake deficits of approximately 30 % (both P=0·015). Resting and meal-induced thermogenesis were not significantly affected by either ER intervention. In conclusion, our data demonstrate the ability of substantial ER to acutely alter postprandial glucose-lipid metabolism (with partial ER producing the more favourable overall response), as well as incomplete energy-intake compensation amongst overweight/obese participants. Further investigations are required to establish how metabolism adapts over time to the repeated perturbations experienced during IER, as well as the implications for long-term health.
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Maraki MI, Sidossis LS. Physiology in Medicine: update on lifestyle determinants of postprandial triacylglycerolemia with emphasis on the Mediterranean lifestyle. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2015; 309:E440-9. [PMID: 26152767 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00245.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This review updates the effect of lifestyle on plasma triacylglycerols (TAG) in the postprandial state, commonly reported as postprandial lipemia (PPL), an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Numerous studies have shown that Mediterranean diet may reduce PPL. However, most of these studies were focused on the type of fat (i.e., monounsaturated fat from olive oil), and the other components of the Mediterranean lifestyle were neglected. Physical activity, an integral part of this lifestyle, is widely investigated on its own and shown to reduce PPL. In addition, preliminary results of studies examining other Mediterranean "ingredients", such as legumes, fish, and herbs, showed additional benefits; however, data on the long-term effects are limited. More studies are needed to confirm short-term results and investigate the effects of the whole Mediterranean lifestyle on PPL and whether these effects mediate its protective role on CVD. Moreover, investigation of the effects in nonhealthy populations and the underlying mechanisms would be clinically helpful in individualizing the appropriate intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria I Maraki
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece; and
| | - Labros S Sidossis
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece; and Metabolism Unit, Shriners Hospital for Children, Departments of Internal Medicine and Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Texas
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The Effects of Hyperhydrating Supplements Containing Creatine and Glucose on Plasma Lipids and Insulin Sensitivity in Endurance-Trained Athletes. JOURNAL OF AMINO ACIDS 2015; 2015:352458. [PMID: 26167296 PMCID: PMC4488253 DOI: 10.1155/2015/352458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The addition of carbohydrate (CHO) in the form of simple sugars to creatine (Cr) supplements is central. The study aimed to determine whether ingestion of glucose (Glu) simultaneously with Cr and glycerol (Cr/Gly) supplement is detrimental to plasma lipids of endurance-trained individuals and find out whether modification arising can be attenuated by replacing part of the Glu with alpha lipoic acid (Ala). Twenty-two endurance-trained cyclists were randomized to receive Cr/Gly/Glu (11.4 g Cr-H2O, 1 g Gly/kg BM, and 150 g Glu) or Cr/Gly/Glu/Ala (11.4 g Cr-H2O, 1 g Gly/kg BM, 100 g Glu, and 1 g Ala) for 7 days. Fasting concentration of TAG increased significantly (P < 0.01) after supplementation with Cr/Gly/Glu (before: 0.9 ± 0.2 mmol/L; after: 1.3 ± 0.4 mmol/L) and Cr/Gly/Glu/Ala (before: 0.8 ± 0.2 mmol/L; after: 1.2 ± 0.5 mmol/L) but changes were not different between the groups. Supplementation significantly (P < 0.05) increased the TAG to HDL-cholesterol ratio but had no effect on fasting concentration of total, HDL-, and LDL-cholesterol and insulin resistance. Thus, addition of Glu to Cr containing supplements enhances plasma TAG concentration and the TAG to HDL-cholesterol ratio and this enhancement cannot be attenuated by partial replacement of Glu with Ala.
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Impact of High Energy Nutritional Supplement Drink consumed for five consecutive days on cardio metabolic risk factors in underweight females. Proc Nutr Soc 2015. [DOI: 10.1017/s0029665115000506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Abstract
This review examines the effect of prior exercise on postprandial triacylglycerol (pTAG) concentrations, an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Numerous studies have shown that a single bout of exercise reduces pTAG concentrations; however, several modulators such as exercise energy expenditure/deficit, mode of exercise (aerobic/resistance/high intensity/intermittent exercise or combinations), type of meal (moderate or high fat), time frame between exercise and meal and target group may individually or in conjunction influence this effect. On the other hand, at least for aerobic exercise, training reduces pTAG concentrations transiently (~2 days); therefore, exercise sessions should be frequent enough to maintain this clinically significant improvement. For the healthy population, it seems that a subject's preference and ability determine which type of exercise to undertake to attenuate pTAG concentrations; an energy expenditure of ~30 kJ/kg of body mass (or ~2-2.5 MJ) not combined with a corresponding increase in energy intake is required; for resistance or intermittent exercise, for those following a moderate rather than a high-fat diet, and for those with obesity (expressed as kJ/kg of body mass), a smaller energy expenditure is probably sufficient. More studies are needed to investigate dose-response/plateau effects, as well as the threshold of energy expenditure in those with diabetes mellitus and other high-risk populations. Finally, investigation of the underlying mechanisms may be clinically helpful in individualizing the appropriate intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria I. Maraki
- Laboratory of Nutrition & Clinical Dietetics, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Labros S. Sidossis
- Laboratory of Nutrition & Clinical Dietetics, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sealy Center on Aging, Institute for Translational Sciences and Shriners Hospital for Children, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, TX, USA
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