1
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Ramos JRC, Bissinger T, Genzel Y, Reichl U. Impact of Influenza A Virus Infection on Growth and Metabolism of Suspension MDCK Cells Using a Dynamic Model. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12030239. [PMID: 35323683 PMCID: PMC8950586 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12030239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell cultured-based influenza virus production is a viable option for vaccine manufacturing. In order to achieve a high concentration of viable cells, is requirement to have not only optimal process conditions, but also an active metabolism capable of intracellular synthesis of viral components. Experimental metabolic data collected in such processes are complex and difficult to interpret, for which mathematical models are an appropriate way to simulate and analyze the complex and dynamic interaction between the virus and its host cell. A dynamic model with 35 states was developed in this study to describe growth, metabolism, and influenza A virus production in shake flask cultivations of suspension Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells. It considers cell growth (concentration of viable cells, mean cell diameters, volume of viable cells), concentrations of key metabolites both at the intracellular and extracellular level and virus titers. Using one set of parameters, the model accurately simulates the dynamics of mock-infected cells and correctly predicts the overall dynamics of virus-infected cells for up to 60 h post infection (hpi). The model clearly suggests that most changes observed after infection are related to cessation of cell growth and the subsequent transition to apoptosis and cell death. However, predictions do not cover late phases of infection, particularly for the extracellular concentrations of glutamate and ammonium after about 12 hpi. Results obtained from additional in silico studies performed indicated that amino acid degradation by extracellular enzymes resulting from cell lysis during late infection stages may contribute to this observed discrepancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Rodrigues Correia Ramos
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; (T.B.); (Y.G.); (U.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Thomas Bissinger
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; (T.B.); (Y.G.); (U.R.)
| | - Yvonne Genzel
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; (T.B.); (Y.G.); (U.R.)
| | - Udo Reichl
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; (T.B.); (Y.G.); (U.R.)
- Institute of Process Engineering, Faculty of Process & Systems Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
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2
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Rodrigues AF, Fernandes P, Laske T, Castro R, Alves PM, Genzel Y, Coroadinha AS. Cell Bank Origin of MDCK Parental Cells Shapes Adaptation to Serum-Free Suspension Culture and Canine Adenoviral Vector Production. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6111. [PMID: 32854295 PMCID: PMC7504089 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic variation in cultured mammalian cell lines is known to be induced by passaging and culture conditions. Yet, the effect these variations have on the production of viral vectors has been overlooked. In this work we evaluated the impact of using Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) parental cells from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) or European Collection of Authenticated Cell Cultures (ECACC) cell bank repositories in both adherent and suspension cultures for the production of canine adenoviral vectors type 2 (CAV-2). To further explore the differences between cells, we conducted whole-genome transcriptome analysis. ECACC's MDCK showed to be a less heterogeneous population, more difficult to adapt to suspension and serum-free culture conditions, but more permissive to CAV-2 replication progression, enabling higher yields. Transcriptome data indicated that this increased permissiveness is due to a general down-regulation of biological networks of innate immunity in ECACC cells, including apoptosis and death receptor signaling, Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling, toll-like receptors signaling and the canonical pathway of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) signaling. These results show the impact of MDCK source on the outcome of viral-based production processes further elucidating transcriptome signatures underlying enhanced adenoviral replication. Following functional validation, the genes and networks identified herein can be targeted in future engineering approaches aiming at improving the production of CAV-2 gene therapy vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Filipa Rodrigues
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (A.F.R.); (P.F.); (T.L.); (R.C.); (P.M.A.)
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Paulo Fernandes
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (A.F.R.); (P.F.); (T.L.); (R.C.); (P.M.A.)
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Tanja Laske
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (A.F.R.); (P.F.); (T.L.); (R.C.); (P.M.A.)
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstr. 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany;
| | - Rute Castro
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (A.F.R.); (P.F.); (T.L.); (R.C.); (P.M.A.)
| | - Paula Marques Alves
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (A.F.R.); (P.F.); (T.L.); (R.C.); (P.M.A.)
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Yvonne Genzel
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstr. 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany;
| | - Ana Sofia Coroadinha
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (A.F.R.); (P.F.); (T.L.); (R.C.); (P.M.A.)
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
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3
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Lavoie A, Liu BH. Canine Adenovirus 2: A Natural Choice for Brain Circuit Dissection. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:9. [PMID: 32174812 PMCID: PMC7056889 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine adenovirus-2 (CAV) is a canine pathogen that has been used in a variety of applications, from vaccines against more infectious strains of CAV to treatments for neurological disorders. With recent engineering, CAV has become a natural choice for neuroscientists dissecting the connectivity and function of brain circuits. Specifically, as a reliable genetic vector with minimal immunogenic and cytotoxic reactivity, CAV has been used for the retrograde transduction of various types of projection neurons. Consequently, CAV is particularly useful when studying the anatomy and functions of long-range projections. Moreover, combining CAV with conditional expression and transsynaptic tracing results in the ability to study circuits with cell- and/or projection-type specificity. Lastly, with the well-documented knowledge of viral transduction, new innovations have been developed to increase the transduction efficiency of CAV and circumvent its tropism, expanding the potential of CAV for circuit analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréanne Lavoie
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada.,Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bao-Hua Liu
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada.,Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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4
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Lasbleiz C, Mestre-Francés N, Devau G, Luquin MR, Tenenbaum L, Kremer EJ, Verdier JM. Combining Gene Transfer and Nonhuman Primates to Better Understand and Treat Parkinson's Disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:10. [PMID: 30804750 PMCID: PMC6378268 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive CNS disorder that is primarily associated with impaired movement. PD develops over decades and is linked to the gradual loss of dopamine delivery to the striatum, via the loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). While the administration of L-dopa and deep brain stimulation are potent therapies, their costs, side effects and gradual loss of efficacy underlines the need to develop other approaches. Unfortunately, the lack of pertinent animal models that reproduce DA neuron loss and behavior deficits—in a timeline that mimics PD progression—has hindered the identification of alternative therapies. A complementary approach to transgenic animals is the use of nonhuman primates (NHPs) combined with the overexpression of disease-related genes using viral vectors. This approach may induce phenotypes that are not influenced by developmental compensation mechanisms, and that take into account the personality of animals. In this review article, we discuss the combination of gene transfer and NHPs to develop “genetic” models of PD that are suitable for testing therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Lasbleiz
- MMDN, University of Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, U1198, PSL University, Montpellier, France
| | - Nadine Mestre-Francés
- MMDN, University of Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, U1198, PSL University, Montpellier, France
| | - Gina Devau
- MMDN, University of Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, U1198, PSL University, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Liliane Tenenbaum
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurotherapies and NeuroModulation, Clinical Neuroscience Department, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eric J Kremer
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Michel Verdier
- MMDN, University of Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, U1198, PSL University, Montpellier, France
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5
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Metabolic flux profiling of MDCK cells during growth and canine adenovirus vector production. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23529. [PMID: 27004747 PMCID: PMC4804208 DOI: 10.1038/srep23529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine adenovirus vector type 2 (CAV2) represents an alternative to human adenovirus vectors for certain gene therapy applications, particularly neurodegenerative diseases. However, more efficient production processes, assisted by a greater understanding of the effect of infection on producer cells, are required. Combining [1,2-(13)C]glucose and [U-(13)C]glutamine, we apply for the first time (13)C-Metabolic flux analysis ((13)C-MFA) to study E1-transformed Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells metabolism during growth and CAV2 production. MDCK cells displayed a marked glycolytic and ammoniagenic metabolism, and (13)C data revealed a large fraction of glutamine-derived labelling in TCA cycle intermediates, emphasizing the role of glutamine anaplerosis. (13)C-MFA demonstrated the importance of pyruvate cycling in balancing glycolytic and TCA cycle activities, as well as occurrence of reductive alphaketoglutarate (AKG) carboxylation. By turn, CAV2 infection significantly upregulated fluxes through most central metabolism, including glycolysis, pentose-phosphate pathway, glutamine anaplerosis and, more prominently, reductive AKG carboxylation and cytosolic acetyl-coenzyme A formation, suggestive of increased lipogenesis. Based on these results, we suggest culture supplementation strategies to stimulate nucleic acid and lipid biosynthesis for improved canine adenoviral vector production.
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6
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Junyent F, Kremer EJ. CAV-2--why a canine virus is a neurobiologist's best friend. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2015; 24:86-93. [PMID: 26298516 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2) vectors are powerful tools for fundamental and applied neurobiology due to their negligible immunogenicity, preferential transduction of neurons, widespread distribution via axonal transport, and duration of expression in the mammalian brain. CAV-2 vectors are internalized in neurons by the selective use of coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR), which is located at the presynapse in neurons. Neuronal internalization and axonal transport is mediated by CAR, which potentiates vector biodistribution. The above characteristics, together with the ∼30kb cloning capacity of helper-dependent (HD) CAV-2 vectors, optimized CAV-2 vector creation, production and purification, is expanding the therapeutic and fundamental options for CNS gene transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Junyent
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Eric J Kremer
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
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7
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Simão D, Pinto C, Fernandes P, Peddie CJ, Piersanti S, Collinson LM, Salinas S, Saggio I, Schiavo G, Kremer EJ, Brito C, Alves PM. Evaluation of helper-dependent canine adenovirus vectors in a 3D human CNS model. Gene Ther 2015; 23:86-94. [PMID: 26181626 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2015.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy is a promising approach with enormous potential for treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Viral vectors derived from canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2) present attractive features for gene delivery strategies in the human brain, by preferentially transducing neurons, are capable of efficient axonal transport to afferent brain structures, have a 30-kb cloning capacity and have low innate and induced immunogenicity in preclinical tests. For clinical translation, in-depth preclinical evaluation of efficacy and safety in a human setting is primordial. Stem cell-derived human neural cells have a great potential as complementary tools by bridging the gap between animal models, which often diverge considerably from human phenotype, and clinical trials. Herein, we explore helper-dependent CAV-2 (hd-CAV-2) efficacy and safety for gene delivery in a human stem cell-derived 3D neural in vitro model. Assessment of hd-CAV-2 vector efficacy was performed at different multiplicities of infection, by evaluating transgene expression and impact on cell viability, ultrastructural cellular organization and neuronal gene expression. Under optimized conditions, hd-CAV-2 transduction led to stable long-term transgene expression with minimal toxicity. hd-CAV-2 preferentially transduced neurons, whereas human adenovirus type 5 (HAdV5) showed increased tropism toward glial cells. This work demonstrates, in a physiologically relevant 3D model, that hd-CAV-2 vectors are efficient tools for gene delivery to human neurons, with stable long-term transgene expression and minimal cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Simão
- iBET-Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - C Pinto
- iBET-Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - P Fernandes
- iBET-Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - C J Peddie
- The Francis Crick Institute, Lincoln's Inn Fields Laboratory, London, UK
| | - S Piersanti
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie 'Charles Darwin', Università di Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - L M Collinson
- The Francis Crick Institute, Lincoln's Inn Fields Laboratory, London, UK
| | - S Salinas
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - I Saggio
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie 'Charles Darwin', Università di Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.,Istituto Pasteur Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Università di Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.,Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Università di Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - G Schiavo
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - E J Kremer
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - C Brito
- iBET-Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - P M Alves
- iBET-Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
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8
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Piersanti S, Burla R, Licursi V, Brito C, La Torre M, Alves PM, Simao D, Mottini C, Salinas S, Negri R, Tagliafico E, Kremer EJ, Saggio I. Transcriptional Response of Human Neurospheres to Helper-Dependent CAV-2 Vectors Involves the Modulation of DNA Damage Response, Microtubule and Centromere Gene Groups. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 26207738 PMCID: PMC4514711 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain gene transfer using viral vectors will likely become a therapeutic option for several disorders. Helper-dependent (HD) canine adenovirus type 2 vectors (CAV-2) are well suited for this goal. These vectors are poorly immunogenic, efficiently transduce neurons, are retrogradely transported to afferent structures in the brain and lead to long-term transgene expression. CAV-2 vectors are being exploited to unravel behavior, cognition, neural networks, axonal transport and therapy for orphan diseases. With the goal of better understanding and characterizing HD-CAV-2 for brain therapy, we analyzed the transcriptomic modulation induced by HD-CAV-2 in human differentiated neurospheres derived from midbrain progenitors. This 3D model system mimics several aspects of the dynamic nature of human brain. We found that differentiated neurospheres are readily transduced by HD-CAV-2 and that transduction generates two main transcriptional responses: a DNA damage response and alteration of centromeric and microtubule probes. Future investigations on the biochemistry of processes highlighted by probe modulations will help defining the implication of HD-CAV-2 and CAR receptor binding in enchaining these functional pathways. We suggest here that the modulation of DNA damage genes is related to viral DNA, while the alteration of centromeric and microtubule probes is possibly enchained by the interaction of the HD-CAV-2 fibre with CAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Piersanti
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Romina Burla
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valerio Licursi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Pasteur Institute, Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Catarina Brito
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2780–901, Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780–157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Mattia La Torre
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paula M. Alves
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2780–901, Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780–157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Daniel Simao
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2780–901, Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780–157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Carla Mottini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Salinas
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, CNRS UMR 5535, Montpellier, France
- Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Rodolfo Negri
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Pasteur Institute, Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Tagliafico
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Eric J. Kremer
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, CNRS UMR 5535, Montpellier, France
- Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Isabella Saggio
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Pasteur Institute, Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, CNR, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
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9
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Production of canine adenovirus type 2 in serum-free suspension cultures of MDCK cells. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:7059-68. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6636-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 04/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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10
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Canine helper-dependent vectors production: implications of Cre activity and co-infection on adenovirus propagation. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9135. [PMID: 25774853 PMCID: PMC4360735 DOI: 10.1038/srep09135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of Cre recombinase to minimize helper vector (HV) contamination during helper-dependent adenovirus vectors (HDVs) production is well documented. However, Cre recombinase, by inducing DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), can cause a reduced proliferation and genotoxic effects in cultured cells. In this work, Cre-expressing cell stability, co-infection and their relation to adenovirus amplification/HV contamination were evaluated to develop a production protocol for HD canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2) vectors. Long-term Cre expression reduced the capacity of MDCK-E1-Cre cells to produce CAV-2 by 7-fold, although cell growth was maintained. High HDV/HV MOI ratio (5:0.1) led to low HV contamination without compromising HDV yields. Indeed, such MOI ratio was sufficient to reduce HV levels, as these were similar either in MDCK-E1 or MDCK-E1-Cre cells. This raises the possibility of producing HDVs without Cre-expressing cells, which would circumvent the negative effects that this recombinase holds to the production system. Here, we show how Cre and MOI ratio impact adenovirus vectors yields and infectivity, providing key-information to design an improved manufacturing of HDV. Potential mechanisms to explain how Cre is specifically impacting cell productivity without critically compromising its growth are presented.
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11
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Fernandes P, Simão D, Guerreiro MR, Kremer EJ, Coroadinha AS, Alves PM. Impact of adenovirus life cycle progression on the generation of canine helper-dependent vectors. Gene Ther 2014; 22:40-9. [PMID: 25338917 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2014.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Helper-dependent adenovirus vectors (HDVs) are safe and efficient tools for gene transfer with high cloning capacity. However, the multiple amplification steps needed to produce HDVs hamper a robust production process and in turn the availability of high-quality vectors. To understand the factors behind the low productivity, we analyzed the progression of HDV life cycle. Canine adenovirus (Ad) type 2 vectors, holding attractive features to overcome immunogenic concerns and treat neurobiological disorders, were the focus of this work. When compared with E1-deleted (ΔE1) vectors, we found a faster helper genome replication during HDV production. This was consistent with an upregulation of the Ad polymerase and pre-terminal protein and led to higher and earlier expression of structural proteins. Although genome packaging occurred similarly to ΔE1 vectors, more immature capsids were obtained during HDV production, which led to a ~4-fold increase in physical-to-infectious particles ratio. The higher viral protein content in HDV-producing cells was also consistent with an increased activation of autophagy and cell death, in which earlier cell death compromised volumetric productivity. The increased empty capsids and earlier cell death found in HDV production may partially contribute to the lower vector infectivity. However, an HDV-specific factor responsible for a defective maturation process should be also involved to fully explain the low infectious titers. This study showed how a deregulated Ad cycle progression affected cell line homeostasis and HDV propagation, highlighting the impact of vector genome design on virus-cell interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Fernandes
- 1] iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal [2] Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - D Simão
- 1] iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal [2] Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - M R Guerreiro
- 1] iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal [2] Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - E J Kremer
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, CNRS-Universities of Montpellier I and II, Montpellier, France
| | - A S Coroadinha
- 1] iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal [2] Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - P M Alves
- 1] iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal [2] Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
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Nonhuman adenovirus vectors for gene transfer to the brain (BrainCAV). HUM GENE THER CL DEV 2014; 25:57-9. [PMID: 24933561 DOI: 10.1089/humc.2014.2504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Biodegradable magnetic stent for coronary artery luminal regeneration (Biomagscar). HUM GENE THER CL DEV 2014; 25:59-61. [PMID: 24933562 DOI: 10.1089/humc.2014.2505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Lopez-Gordo E, Podgorski II, Downes N, Alemany R. Circumventing antivector immunity: potential use of nonhuman adenoviral vectors. Hum Gene Ther 2014; 25:285-300. [PMID: 24499174 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2013.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenoviruses are efficient gene delivery vectors based on their ability to transduce a wide variety of cell types and drive high-level transient transgene expression. While there have been advances in modifying human adenoviral (HAdV) vectors to increase their safety profile, there are still pitfalls that need to be further addressed. Preexisting humoral and cellular immunity against common HAdV serotypes limits the efficacy of gene transfer and duration of transgene expression. As an alternative, nonhuman AdV (NHAdV) vectors can circumvent neutralizing antibodies against HAdVs in immunized mice and monkeys and in human sera, suggesting that NHAdV vectors could circumvent preexisting humoral immunity against HAdVs in a clinical setting. Consequently, there has been an increased interest in developing NHAdV vectors for gene delivery in humans. In this review, we outline the recent advances and limitations of HAdV vectors for gene therapy and describe examples of NHAdV vectors focusing on their immunogenicity, tropism, and potential as effective gene therapy vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estrella Lopez-Gordo
- 1 Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom
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Corrective GUSB transfer to the canine mucopolysaccharidosis VII brain. Mol Ther 2013; 22:762-73. [PMID: 24343103 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2013.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe deficiency in lysosomal β-glucuronidase (β-glu) enzymatic activity results in mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) VII, an orphan disease with symptoms often appearing in early childhood. Symptoms are variable, but many patients have multiple organ disorders including neurological defects. At the cellular level, deficiency in β-glu activity leads to abnormal accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), and secondary accumulation of GM2 and GM3 gangliosides, which have been linked to neuroinflammation. There have been encouraging gene transfer studies in the MPS VII mouse brain, but this is the first study attempting the correction of the >200-fold larger and challenging canine MPS VII brain. Here, the efficacy of a helper-dependent (HD) canine adenovirus (CAV-2) vector harboring a human GUSB expression cassette (HD-RIGIE) in the MPS VII dog brain was tested. Vector genomes, β-glu activity, GAG content, lysosome morphology and neuropathology were analyzed and quantified. Our data demonstrated that CAV-2 vectors preferentially transduced neurons and axonal retrograde transport from the injection site to efferent regions was efficient. HD-RIGIE injections, associated with mild and transient immunosuppression, corrected neuropathology in injected and noninjected structures throughout the cerebrum. These data support the clinical evaluation of HD CAV-2 vectors to treat the neurological defects associated with MPS VII and possibly other neuropathic lysosomal storage diseases.
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