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Dhillon A, Persson BD, Volkov AN, Sülzen H, Kádek A, Pompach P, Kereïche S, Lepšík M, Danskog K, Uetrecht C, Arnberg N, Zoll S. Structural insights into the interaction between adenovirus C5 hexon and human lactoferrin. J Virol 2024; 98:e0157623. [PMID: 38323814 PMCID: PMC10949841 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01576-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Adenovirus (AdV) infection of the respiratory epithelium is common but poorly understood. Human AdV species C types, such as HAdV-C5, utilize the Coxsackie-adenovirus receptor (CAR) for attachment and subsequently integrins for entry. CAR and integrins are however located deep within the tight junctions in the mucosa where they would not be easily accessible. Recently, a model for CAR-independent AdV entry was proposed. In this model, human lactoferrin (hLF), an innate immune protein, aids the viral uptake into epithelial cells by mediating interactions between the major capsid protein, hexon, and yet unknown host cellular receptor(s). However, a detailed understanding of the molecular interactions driving this mechanism is lacking. Here, we present a new cryo-EM structure of HAdV-5C hexon at high resolution alongside a hybrid structure of HAdV-5C hexon complexed with human lactoferrin (hLF). These structures reveal the molecular determinants of the interaction between hLF and HAdV-C5 hexon. hLF engages hexon primarily via its N-terminal lactoferricin (Lfcin) region, interacting with hexon's hypervariable region 1 (HVR-1). Mutational analyses pinpoint critical Lfcin contacts and also identify additional regions within hLF that critically contribute to hexon binding. Our study sheds more light on the intricate mechanism by which HAdV-C5 utilizes soluble hLF/Lfcin for cellular entry. These findings hold promise for advancing gene therapy applications and inform vaccine development. IMPORTANCE Our study delves into the structural aspects of adenovirus (AdV) infections, specifically HAdV-C5 in the respiratory epithelium. It uncovers the molecular details of a novel pathway where human lactoferrin (hLF) interacts with the major capsid protein, hexon, facilitating viral entry, and bypassing traditional receptors such as CAR and integrins. The study's cryo-EM structures reveal how hLF engages hexon, primarily through its N-terminal lactoferricin (Lfcin) region and hexon's hypervariable region 1 (HVR-1). Mutational analyses identify critical Lfcin contacts and other regions within hLF vital for hexon binding. This structural insight sheds light on HAdV-C5's mechanism of utilizing soluble hLF/Lfcin for cellular entry, holding promise for gene therapy and vaccine development advancements in adenovirus research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Dhillon
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Alexander N. Volkov
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, Flemish Institute of Biotechnology (VIB), Brussels, Belgium
- Jean Jeener NMR Centre, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hagen Sülzen
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alan Kádek
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Leibniz Institute of Virology (LIV), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Petr Pompach
- Biotechnology and Biomedical Center of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University in Vestec, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Sami Kereïche
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Lepšík
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Katarina Danskog
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Uetrecht
- Department of Health Sciences and Biomedicine, Faculty V: School of Life Sciences, CSSB Centre for Structural Systems Biology, Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron DESY and Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg, University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| | - Niklas Arnberg
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Zoll
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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Farkas T, Srivastava V. Strain-specific requirements of susceptibility to rhesus enteric calicivirus infection. J Virol 2024; 98:e0185123. [PMID: 38353537 PMCID: PMC10949478 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01851-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently, we identified the coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR) as the entry receptor for rhesus enteric calicivirus (ReCV) isolate FT285 and demonstrated that co-expression of the CAR and the type B histo-blood group antigen (HBGA) is required to convert the resistant CHO cell line susceptible to infection. To address whether the CAR is also the functional entry receptor for other ReCV isolates and the requirement for specific HBGAs or other glycans, here we used a panel of recombinant CHO cell lines expressing the CAR and the type A, B, or H HBGAs alone or in combination. Infection studies with three diverse ReCV strains, the prototype GI.1 Tulane virus (TV), GI.2 ReCV-FT285, and GI.3 ReCV-FT7, identified that cell surface expression of the CAR is an absolute requirement for all three strains to promote susceptibility to infection, while the requirement for HBGAs varies among the strains. In addition to the CAR, ReCV-FT285 and TV require type A or B HBGAs for infection. In the absence of HBGAs, TV, but not Re-CV FT285, can also utilize sialic acids, while ReCV-FT7 infection is HBGA-independent and relies on CAR and sialic acid expression. In summary, we demonstrated strain-specific diversity of susceptibility requirements for ReCV infections and that CAR, type A and B HBGA, and sialic acid expression control susceptibility to infection with the three ReCV isolates studied. Our study also indicates that the correlation between in vitro HBGA binding and HBGAs required for infection is relatively high, but not absolute. This has direct implications for human noroviruses.IMPORTANCEHuman noroviruses (HuNoVs) are important enteric pathogens. The lack of a robust HuNoV cell culture system is a bottleneck for HuNoV cell culture-based studies. Often, cell culture-adapted caliciviruses that rapidly replicate in conventional cell lines and recapitulate biological features of HuNoVs are utilized as surrogates. Particularly, rhesus enteric caliciviruses (ReCVs) display remarkable similarities, including the primate host, clinical manifestation of gastroenteritis, genetic/antigenic diversity, and reliance on histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) for attachment. While the HuNoV entry receptor(s) is unknown, the coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR) has recently been identified as the ReCV entry receptor. Here, we identified the CAR, the type A and B HBGAs, and sialic acids as critical cell surface molecules controlling susceptibility to ReCV infections. The CAR is required for all ReCV isolates studied. However, the requirement for the different carbohydrate molecules varies among different ReCV strains. Our findings have direct implications for HuNoVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibor Farkas
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Vinod Srivastava
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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Fournier AP, Zandee S, Charabati M, Peelen E, Tastet O, Alvarez JI, Kebir H, Bourbonnière L, Larouche S, Lahav B, Klement W, Tea F, Bouthillier A, Moumdjian R, Cayrol R, Duquette P, Girard M, Larochelle C, Arbour N, Prat A. CLMP Promotes Leukocyte Migration Across Brain Barriers in Multiple Sclerosis. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 2022; 9:9/6/e200022. [PMID: 36241608 PMCID: PMC9465835 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000200022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives In multiple sclerosis (MS), peripheral immune cells use various cell trafficking molecules to infiltrate the CNS where they cause damage.The objective of this study was to investigate the involvement of coxsackie and adenovirus receptor–like membrane protein (CLMP) in the migration of immune cells into the CNS of patients with MS. Methods Expression of CLMP was measured in primary cultures of human brain endothelial cells (HBECs) and human meningeal endothelial cells (HMECs), postmortem brain samples, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with MS and controls by RNA sequencing, quantitative PCR, immunohistochemistry, and flow cytometry. In vitro migration assays using HBECs and HMECs were performed to evaluate the function of CLMP. Results Using bulk RNA sequencing of primary cultures of human brain and meningeal endothelial cells (ECs), we have identified CLMP as a new potential cell trafficking molecule upregulated in inflammatory conditions. We first confirmed the upregulation of CLMP at the protein level on TNFα-activated and IFNγ-activated primary cultures of human brain and meningeal ECs. In autopsy brain specimens from patients with MS, we demonstrated an overexpression of endothelial CLMP in active MS lesions when compared with normal control brain tissue. Flow cytometry of human PBMCs demonstrated an increased frequency of CLMP+ B lymphocytes and monocytes in patients with MS, when compared with that in healthy controls. The use of a blocking antibody against CLMP reduced the migration of immune cells across the human brain and meningeal ECs in vitro. Finally, we found CLMP+ immune cell infiltrates in the perivascular area of parenchymal lesions and in the meninges of patients with MS. Discussion Collectively, our data demonstrate that CLMP is an adhesion molecule used by immune cells to access the CNS during neuroinflammatory disorders such as MS. CLMP could represent a target for a new treatment of neuroinflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Philippe Fournier
- From the Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., O.T., J.I.A., H.K., L.B., S.L., B., W.K., F.T., P.D., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM); Department of Neurosciences (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., F.T., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Department of Microbiology (H.K.), Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (B., P.D., M.G., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Division of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM); Division of Neurosurgery (A.B., R.M.), Université de Montréal & CHUM; and Department of Pathology (R.C.), Université de Montréal & CHUM, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stephanie Zandee
- From the Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., O.T., J.I.A., H.K., L.B., S.L., B., W.K., F.T., P.D., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM); Department of Neurosciences (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., F.T., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Department of Microbiology (H.K.), Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (B., P.D., M.G., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Division of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM); Division of Neurosurgery (A.B., R.M.), Université de Montréal & CHUM; and Department of Pathology (R.C.), Université de Montréal & CHUM, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marc Charabati
- From the Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., O.T., J.I.A., H.K., L.B., S.L., B., W.K., F.T., P.D., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM); Department of Neurosciences (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., F.T., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Department of Microbiology (H.K.), Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (B., P.D., M.G., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Division of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM); Division of Neurosurgery (A.B., R.M.), Université de Montréal & CHUM; and Department of Pathology (R.C.), Université de Montréal & CHUM, Quebec, Canada
| | - Evelyn Peelen
- From the Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., O.T., J.I.A., H.K., L.B., S.L., B., W.K., F.T., P.D., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM); Department of Neurosciences (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., F.T., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Department of Microbiology (H.K.), Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (B., P.D., M.G., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Division of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM); Division of Neurosurgery (A.B., R.M.), Université de Montréal & CHUM; and Department of Pathology (R.C.), Université de Montréal & CHUM, Quebec, Canada
| | - Olivier Tastet
- From the Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., O.T., J.I.A., H.K., L.B., S.L., B., W.K., F.T., P.D., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM); Department of Neurosciences (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., F.T., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Department of Microbiology (H.K.), Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (B., P.D., M.G., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Division of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM); Division of Neurosurgery (A.B., R.M.), Université de Montréal & CHUM; and Department of Pathology (R.C.), Université de Montréal & CHUM, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jorge Ivan Alvarez
- From the Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., O.T., J.I.A., H.K., L.B., S.L., B., W.K., F.T., P.D., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM); Department of Neurosciences (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., F.T., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Department of Microbiology (H.K.), Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (B., P.D., M.G., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Division of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM); Division of Neurosurgery (A.B., R.M.), Université de Montréal & CHUM; and Department of Pathology (R.C.), Université de Montréal & CHUM, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hania Kebir
- From the Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., O.T., J.I.A., H.K., L.B., S.L., B., W.K., F.T., P.D., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM); Department of Neurosciences (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., F.T., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Department of Microbiology (H.K.), Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (B., P.D., M.G., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Division of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM); Division of Neurosurgery (A.B., R.M.), Université de Montréal & CHUM; and Department of Pathology (R.C.), Université de Montréal & CHUM, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lyne Bourbonnière
- From the Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., O.T., J.I.A., H.K., L.B., S.L., B., W.K., F.T., P.D., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM); Department of Neurosciences (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., F.T., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Department of Microbiology (H.K.), Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (B., P.D., M.G., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Division of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM); Division of Neurosurgery (A.B., R.M.), Université de Montréal & CHUM; and Department of Pathology (R.C.), Université de Montréal & CHUM, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sandra Larouche
- From the Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., O.T., J.I.A., H.K., L.B., S.L., B., W.K., F.T., P.D., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM); Department of Neurosciences (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., F.T., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Department of Microbiology (H.K.), Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (B., P.D., M.G., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Division of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM); Division of Neurosurgery (A.B., R.M.), Université de Montréal & CHUM; and Department of Pathology (R.C.), Université de Montréal & CHUM, Quebec, Canada
| | - Boaz Lahav
- From the Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., O.T., J.I.A., H.K., L.B., S.L., B., W.K., F.T., P.D., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM); Department of Neurosciences (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., F.T., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Department of Microbiology (H.K.), Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (B., P.D., M.G., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Division of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM); Division of Neurosurgery (A.B., R.M.), Université de Montréal & CHUM; and Department of Pathology (R.C.), Université de Montréal & CHUM, Quebec, Canada
| | - Wendy Klement
- From the Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., O.T., J.I.A., H.K., L.B., S.L., B., W.K., F.T., P.D., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM); Department of Neurosciences (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., F.T., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Department of Microbiology (H.K.), Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (B., P.D., M.G., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Division of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM); Division of Neurosurgery (A.B., R.M.), Université de Montréal & CHUM; and Department of Pathology (R.C.), Université de Montréal & CHUM, Quebec, Canada
| | - Fiona Tea
- From the Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., O.T., J.I.A., H.K., L.B., S.L., B., W.K., F.T., P.D., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM); Department of Neurosciences (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., F.T., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Department of Microbiology (H.K.), Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (B., P.D., M.G., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Division of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM); Division of Neurosurgery (A.B., R.M.), Université de Montréal & CHUM; and Department of Pathology (R.C.), Université de Montréal & CHUM, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alain Bouthillier
- From the Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., O.T., J.I.A., H.K., L.B., S.L., B., W.K., F.T., P.D., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM); Department of Neurosciences (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., F.T., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Department of Microbiology (H.K.), Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (B., P.D., M.G., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Division of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM); Division of Neurosurgery (A.B., R.M.), Université de Montréal & CHUM; and Department of Pathology (R.C.), Université de Montréal & CHUM, Quebec, Canada
| | - Robert Moumdjian
- From the Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., O.T., J.I.A., H.K., L.B., S.L., B., W.K., F.T., P.D., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM); Department of Neurosciences (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., F.T., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Department of Microbiology (H.K.), Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (B., P.D., M.G., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Division of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM); Division of Neurosurgery (A.B., R.M.), Université de Montréal & CHUM; and Department of Pathology (R.C.), Université de Montréal & CHUM, Quebec, Canada
| | - Romain Cayrol
- From the Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., O.T., J.I.A., H.K., L.B., S.L., B., W.K., F.T., P.D., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM); Department of Neurosciences (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., F.T., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Department of Microbiology (H.K.), Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (B., P.D., M.G., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Division of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM); Division of Neurosurgery (A.B., R.M.), Université de Montréal & CHUM; and Department of Pathology (R.C.), Université de Montréal & CHUM, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pierre Duquette
- From the Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., O.T., J.I.A., H.K., L.B., S.L., B., W.K., F.T., P.D., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM); Department of Neurosciences (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., F.T., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Department of Microbiology (H.K.), Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (B., P.D., M.G., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Division of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM); Division of Neurosurgery (A.B., R.M.), Université de Montréal & CHUM; and Department of Pathology (R.C.), Université de Montréal & CHUM, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marc Girard
- From the Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., O.T., J.I.A., H.K., L.B., S.L., B., W.K., F.T., P.D., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM); Department of Neurosciences (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., F.T., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Department of Microbiology (H.K.), Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (B., P.D., M.G., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Division of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM); Division of Neurosurgery (A.B., R.M.), Université de Montréal & CHUM; and Department of Pathology (R.C.), Université de Montréal & CHUM, Quebec, Canada
| | - Catherine Larochelle
- From the Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., O.T., J.I.A., H.K., L.B., S.L., B., W.K., F.T., P.D., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM); Department of Neurosciences (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., F.T., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Department of Microbiology (H.K.), Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (B., P.D., M.G., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Division of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM); Division of Neurosurgery (A.B., R.M.), Université de Montréal & CHUM; and Department of Pathology (R.C.), Université de Montréal & CHUM, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nathalie Arbour
- From the Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., O.T., J.I.A., H.K., L.B., S.L., B., W.K., F.T., P.D., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM); Department of Neurosciences (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., F.T., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Department of Microbiology (H.K.), Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (B., P.D., M.G., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Division of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM); Division of Neurosurgery (A.B., R.M.), Université de Montréal & CHUM; and Department of Pathology (R.C.), Université de Montréal & CHUM, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alexandre Prat
- From the Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., O.T., J.I.A., H.K., L.B., S.L., B., W.K., F.T., P.D., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM); Department of Neurosciences (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., F.T., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Department of Microbiology (H.K.), Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (B., P.D., M.G., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Division of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM); Division of Neurosurgery (A.B., R.M.), Université de Montréal & CHUM; and Department of Pathology (R.C.), Université de Montréal & CHUM, Quebec, Canada.
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4
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Readler JM, Burke MR, Sharma P, Excoffon KJDA, Kolawole AO. Adenovirus Co-Opts Neutrophilic Inflammation to Enhance Transduction of Epithelial Cells. Viruses 2021; 14:13. [PMID: 35062217 PMCID: PMC8781108 DOI: 10.3390/v14010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Human adenoviruses (HAdV) cause a variety of infections in human hosts, from self-limited upper respiratory tract infections in otherwise healthy people to fulminant pneumonia and death in immunocompromised patients. Many HAdV enter polarized epithelial cells by using the primary receptor, the Coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR). Recently published data demonstrate that a potent neutrophil (PMN) chemoattractant, interleukin-8 (IL-8), stimulates airway epithelial cells to increase expression of the apical isoform of CAR (CAREx8), which results in increased epithelial HAdV type 5 (HAdV5) infection. However, the mechanism for PMN-enhanced epithelial HAdV5 transduction remains unclear. In this manuscript, the molecular mechanisms behind PMN mediated enhancement of epithelial HAdV5 transduction are characterized using an MDCK cell line that stably expresses human CAREx8 under a doxycycline inducible promoter (MDCK-CAREx8 cells). Contrary to our hypothesis, PMN exposure does not enhance HAdV5 entry by increasing CAREx8 expression nor through activation of non-specific epithelial endocytic pathways. Instead, PMN serine proteases are responsible for PMN-mediated enhancement of HAdV5 transduction in MDCK-CAREx8 cells. This is evidenced by reduced transduction upon inhibition of PMN serine proteases and increased transduction upon exposure to exogenous human neutrophil elastase (HNE). Furthermore, HNE exposure activates epithelial autophagic flux, which, even when triggered through other mechanisms, results in a similar enhancement of epithelial HAdV5 transduction. Inhibition of F-actin with cytochalasin D partially attenuates PMN mediated enhancement of HAdV transduction. Taken together, these findings suggest that HAdV5 can leverage innate immune responses to establish infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Abimbola O. Kolawole
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA; (J.M.R.); (M.R.B.); (P.S.); (K.J.D.A.E.)
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5
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Chang HG, Choi YH, Hong J, Choi JW, Yoon AR, Yun CO. GM101 in Combination with Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Enhances Anti-Tumor Effects in Desmoplastic Microenvironment. Cells 2021; 10:2811. [PMID: 34831034 PMCID: PMC8616263 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic adenoviruses (oAds) have been evaluated in numerous clinical trials due to their promising attributes as cancer therapeutics. However, the therapeutic efficacy of oAds was limited due to variable coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR) expression levels and the dense extracellular matrix (ECM) of heterogenic clinical tumors. To overcome these limitations, our present report investigated the therapeutic efficacy of combining GM101, an oAd with excellent tumor ECM degrading properties, and histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi). Four different HDACi (suberohydroxamic acid (SBHA), MS-275, trichostatin A (TSA), and valproic acid) candidates in combination with replication-incompetent and GFP-expressing Ad (dAd/GFP) revealed that SBHA and MS-275 exerted more potent enhancement in Ad transduction efficacy than TSA or valproic acid. Further characterization revealed that SBHA and MS-275 effectively upregulated CAR expression in cancer cells, improved the binding of Ad with cancer cell membranes, and led to dynamin 2- and clathrin-mediated endocytosis of Ad. The combination of GM101 with HDACi induced superior cancer cell killing effects compared to any of the monotherapies, without any additional cytotoxicity in normal cell lines. Further, GM101+SBHA and GM101+MS-275 induced more potent antitumor efficacy than any monotherapy in U343 xenograft tumor model. Potent antitumor efficacy was achieved via the combination of GM101 with HDACi, inducing necrotic and apoptotic cancer cell death, inhibiting cancer cell proliferation, degrading ECM in tumor tissue, and thus exerting the highest level of virus dispersion and accumulation. Collectively, these data demonstrate that the combination of GM101 and HDACi can enhance intratumoral dispersion and accumulation of oAd through multifaced mechanisms, making it a promising strategy to address the challenges toward successful clinical development of oAd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Gyu Chang
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Korea; (H.-G.C.); (J.-W.C.)
| | - Yong-Hyeon Choi
- GeneMedicine CO., Ltd., 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Korea; (Y.-H.C.); (J.H.)
| | - JinWoo Hong
- GeneMedicine CO., Ltd., 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Korea; (Y.-H.C.); (J.H.)
| | - Joung-Woo Choi
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Korea; (H.-G.C.); (J.-W.C.)
| | - A-Rum Yoon
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Korea; (H.-G.C.); (J.-W.C.)
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Chae-Ok Yun
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Korea; (H.-G.C.); (J.-W.C.)
- GeneMedicine CO., Ltd., 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Korea; (Y.-H.C.); (J.H.)
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Korea
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6
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McGraw JM, Thelen F, Hampton EN, Bruno NE, Young TS, Havran WL, Witherden DA. JAML promotes CD8 and γδ T cell antitumor immunity and is a novel target for cancer immunotherapy. J Exp Med 2021; 218:e20202644. [PMID: 34427588 PMCID: PMC8404475 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20202644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells are critical mediators of antitumor immunity and a major target for cancer immunotherapy. Antibody blockade of inhibitory receptors such as PD-1 can partially restore the activity of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). However, the activation signals required to promote TIL responses are less well characterized. Here we show that the antitumor activity of CD8 and γδ TIL is supported by interactions between junctional adhesion molecule-like protein (JAML) on T cells and its ligand coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CXADR) within tumor tissue. Loss of JAML through knockout in mice resulted in accelerated tumor growth that was associated with an impaired γδ TIL response and increased CD8 TIL dysfunction. In mouse tumor models, therapeutic treatment with an agonistic anti-JAML antibody inhibited tumor growth, improved γδ TIL activation, decreased markers of CD8 TIL dysfunction, and significantly improved response to anti-PD-1 checkpoint blockade. Thus, JAML represents a novel therapeutic target to enhance both CD8 and γδ TIL immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M. McGraw
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
- Department of Biology, California Institute for Biomedical Research at The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Flavian Thelen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Eric N. Hampton
- Department of Biology, California Institute for Biomedical Research at The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Nelson E. Bruno
- Department of Biology, California Institute for Biomedical Research at The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Travis S. Young
- Department of Biology, California Institute for Biomedical Research at The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Wendy L. Havran
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Deborah A. Witherden
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
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7
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Park JH, Shin HH, Rhyu HS, Kim SH, Jeon ES, Lim BK. Vascular Endothelial Integrity Affects the Severity of Enterovirus-Mediated Cardiomyopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3053. [PMID: 33802680 PMCID: PMC8002520 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) is present in epithelial and vascular endothelial cell junctions. We have previously shown a hemorrhagic phenotype in germ-line CAR knock-out mouse embryos; we have also found that CAR interacts with ZO-1 and β-catenin. However, the role of CAR in vascular endothelial junction permeability has not been proven. To understand the roles of CAR in the vascular endothelial junctions, we generated endothelium-specific CAR knockout (CAR-eKO) mice. In the absence of CAR, the endothelial cell layer showed an increase in transmembrane electrical resistance (TER, Ω) and coxsackievirus permeability. Evans blue dye and 70 kDa dextran-FITC were delivered by tail vein injection. We observed increased vascular permeability in the hearts of adult CAR-eKO mice compare with wild-type (WT) mice. There was a marked increase in monocyte and macrophage penetration into the peritoneal cavity caused by thioglycolate-induced peritonitis. We found that CAR ablation in endothelial cells was not significantly increased coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) induced myocarditis in murine model. However, tissue virus titers were significantly higher in CAR-eKO mice compared with WT. Moreover, CVB3 was detected in the brain of CAR-eKO mice. Endothelial CAR deletion affects the expression of major endothelial junction proteins, such as cadherin and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) in the cultured endothelial cells as well as liver vessel. We suggest that CAR expression is required for normal vascular permeability and endothelial tight junction homeostasis. Furthermore, CVB3 organ penetration and myocarditis severities were dependent on the endothelial CAR level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ho Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Jungwon University, 85 Munmu-ro, Goesan-eup, Goesan-gun, Chungbuk 28024, Korea; (J.-H.P.); (H.-H.S.); (H.-S.R.); (S.-H.K.)
| | - Ha-Hyeon Shin
- Department of Biomedical Science, Jungwon University, 85 Munmu-ro, Goesan-eup, Goesan-gun, Chungbuk 28024, Korea; (J.-H.P.); (H.-H.S.); (H.-S.R.); (S.-H.K.)
| | - Hyun-Seung Rhyu
- Department of Biomedical Science, Jungwon University, 85 Munmu-ro, Goesan-eup, Goesan-gun, Chungbuk 28024, Korea; (J.-H.P.); (H.-H.S.); (H.-S.R.); (S.-H.K.)
| | - So-Hee Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Jungwon University, 85 Munmu-ro, Goesan-eup, Goesan-gun, Chungbuk 28024, Korea; (J.-H.P.); (H.-H.S.); (H.-S.R.); (S.-H.K.)
| | - Eun-Seok Jeon
- Division of Cardiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine 50 Irwon dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea;
| | - Byung-Kwan Lim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Jungwon University, 85 Munmu-ro, Goesan-eup, Goesan-gun, Chungbuk 28024, Korea; (J.-H.P.); (H.-H.S.); (H.-S.R.); (S.-H.K.)
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8
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Böhnke J, Pinkert S, Schmidt M, Binder H, Bilz NC, Jung M, Reibetanz U, Beling A, Rujescu D, Claus C. Coxsackievirus B3 Infection of Human iPSC Lines and Derived Primary Germ-Layer Cells Regarding Receptor Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1220. [PMID: 33513663 PMCID: PMC7865966 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The association of members of the enterovirus family with pregnancy complications up to miscarriages is under discussion. Here, infection of two different human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines and iPSC-derived primary germ-layer cells with coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) was characterized as an in vitro cell culture model for very early human development. Transcriptomic analysis of iPSC lines infected with recombinant CVB3 expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) revealed a reduction in the expression of pluripotency genes besides an enhancement of genes involved in RNA metabolism. The initial distribution of CVB3-EGFP-positive cells within iPSC colonies correlated with the distribution of its receptor coxsackie- and adenovirus receptor (CAR). Application of anti-CAR blocking antibodies supported the requirement of CAR, but not of the co-receptor decay-accelerating factor (DAF) for infection of iPSC lines. Among iPSC-derived germ-layer cells, mesodermal cells were especially vulnerable to CVB3-EGFP infection. Our data implicate further consideration of members of the enterovirus family in the screening program of human pregnancies. Furthermore, iPSCs with their differentiation capacity into cell populations of relevant viral target organs could offer a reliable screening approach for therapeutic intervention and for assessment of organ-specific enterovirus virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janik Böhnke
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (J.B.); (N.C.B.)
| | - Sandra Pinkert
- Institute of Biochemistry, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) and Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (S.P.); (A.B.)
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Side, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Schmidt
- Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, University of Leipzig, 04107 Leipzig, Germany; (M.S.); (H.B.)
| | - Hans Binder
- Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, University of Leipzig, 04107 Leipzig, Germany; (M.S.); (H.B.)
| | - Nicole Christin Bilz
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (J.B.); (N.C.B.)
| | - Matthias Jung
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatic Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle Wittenberg, Julius-Kuehn-Strasse 7, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany; (M.J.); (D.R.)
| | - Uta Reibetanz
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Härtelstrasse 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Antje Beling
- Institute of Biochemistry, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) and Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (S.P.); (A.B.)
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Side, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dan Rujescu
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatic Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle Wittenberg, Julius-Kuehn-Strasse 7, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany; (M.J.); (D.R.)
| | - Claudia Claus
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (J.B.); (N.C.B.)
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9
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Abstract
Background: Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is a common autoimmune disease of unknown origin. However, viral infections have been implicated as triggers for autoimmunity. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I presents antigens to circulating immune cells and plays a crucial role in the defense against viral infections. This study aimed to investigate the presence of enterovirus and HLA class I expression in one of the largest HT thyroid tissue cohorts to date. In addition, viral receptors and viral immune response proteins were examined. Methods: Thyroid tissue samples from 46 HT patients were obtained using core needle biopsy. Thyroid tissue collected during neck surgery for other reasons than thyroid autoimmunity served as controls. Standard immunohistochemistry on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples were used to detect HLA class I, enteroviral capsid protein 1 (VP1), and coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR) in thyroid cells. A subset of the samples was examined with combined immunofluorescence staining for signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) and protein kinase R (PKR). Results: Significantly more HLA class I-positive samples were found in the HT group (31 out of 46 [67.4%]) than in the control group (5 out of 24 [20.8%]) (p < 0.001). Moreover, the semiquantitative score assessing the grade of HLA class I expression was significantly higher in the HT group (3.9 ± 3.1) than in the control group (0.5 ± 0.9) (p < 0.001). In addition, STAT1 was colocalized with HLA class I, and PKR and VP1 were also found and were colocalized together. VP1 was detected in both controls and the HT samples, with slightly more VP1+ thyroid cells in the HT samples (20.1% ± 16.4%) than in controls (14.9% ± 10.5%). Finally, the presence of CAR in thyroid cells was confirmed. Conclusion: The current study confirmed that HLA class I hyperexpression is a defining feature of HT. Thyroid cells express CAR, thus making them susceptible to enterovirus infection. The colocalization of HLA class I with STAT1 and VP1 with PKR indicates an intracellular, antiviral host response. These findings support the concept of a firm link between viral infection and autoimmune thyroid diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Therese Weider
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity, and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sarah J Richardson
- Islet Biology Exeter, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Noel G Morgan
- Islet Biology Exeter, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Trond H Paulsen
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Dahl-Jørgensen
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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10
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Sakamoto S, Inoue H, Kaneko MK, Ogasawara S, Kajikawa M, Urano S, Ohba S, Kato Y, Kawada M. Generation and evaluation of a chimeric antibody against coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor for cancer therapy. Cancer Sci 2019; 110:3595-3602. [PMID: 31512325 PMCID: PMC6825000 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) is a single-pass transmembrane protein that is associated with adenoviral infection. CAR is involved in the formation of epithelial tight junctions and promotes tumor growth in some cancers. Previously, we developed mouse monoclonal antibodies against human CAR and found that one, mu6G10A, significantly inhibited tumor growth in xenografts of human cancer cells. Herein, we generated and characterized a mouse-human chimeric anti-CAR antibody (ch6G10A) from mu6G10A. ch6G10A had binding activity, inducing antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity, and in vivo anti-tumor activity against CAR-expressing prostate cancer DU-145 cells. In addition, cancer tissue array analysis confirmed that CAR is highly expressed in neuroendocrine lung cancers including small cell lung cancer, and treatment with ch6G10A effectively inhibited in vivo subcutaneous tumor growth of NCI-H69 small cell lung cancer cells in nude mice. Moreover, treatment with mu6G10A effectively inhibited both in vivo orthotopic tumor growth and distant metastatic formation in mouse xenograft models of a highly metastatic subline of human small cell lung cancer DMS273 cells. These results suggest that targeting therapy to CAR with a therapeutic antibody might be effective against several cancer types including small cell lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mika K. Kaneko
- Department of Antibody Drug DevelopmentTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Satoshi Ogasawara
- Department of Antibody Drug DevelopmentTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | | | - Sakiko Urano
- Medical & Biological Laboratories Co., LtdNagoyaJapan
| | | | - Yukinari Kato
- Department of Antibody Drug DevelopmentTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
- New Industry Creation Hatchery CenterTohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
| | - Manabu Kawada
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN)NumazuJapan
- Laboratory of OncologyInstitute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN)TokyoJapan
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11
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Readler JM, AlKahlout AS, Sharma P, Excoffon KJDA. Isoform specific editing of the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor. Virology 2019; 536:20-26. [PMID: 31394408 PMCID: PMC6733617 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2019.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The Coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) is both a viral receptor and cell adhesion protein. CAR has two transmembrane isoforms that localize distinctly in polarized epithelial cells. Whereas the seven exon-encoded isoform (CAREx7) exhibits basolateral localization, the eight exon-encoded isoform (CAREx8) can localize to the apical epithelial surface where it can mediate luminal adenovirus infection. To further understand the distinct biological functions of these two isoforms, CRISPR/Cas9 genomic editing was used to specifically delete the eighth exon of the CXADR gene in a Madine Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cell line with a stably integrated lentiviral doxycycline-inducible CAREx8 cDNA. The gene-edited clone demonstrated a significant reduction in adenovirus susceptibility when both partially and fully polarized, and doxycycline-induction of CAREx8 restored sensitivity to adenovirus. These data reinforce the importance of CAREx8 in apical adenovirus infection and provide a new model cell line to probe isoform specific biological functions of CAR.
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MESH Headings
- Adenoviruses, Human/genetics
- Adenoviruses, Human/metabolism
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- CRISPR-Associated Protein 9/genetics
- CRISPR-Associated Protein 9/metabolism
- CRISPR-Cas Systems
- Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats
- Coxsackie and Adenovirus Receptor-Like Membrane Protein/genetics
- Coxsackie and Adenovirus Receptor-Like Membrane Protein/metabolism
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- DNA, Complementary/metabolism
- Dogs
- Doxycycline/pharmacology
- Exons
- Gene Editing/methods
- Gene Expression Regulation, Viral
- Humans
- Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/drug effects
- Protein Isoforms/genetics
- Protein Isoforms/metabolism
- RNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas Systems/genetics
- RNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas Systems/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Readler
- Biomedical Sciences PhD Program, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA; Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
| | - Amal S AlKahlout
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
| | - Priyanka Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
| | - Katherine J D A Excoffon
- Biomedical Sciences PhD Program, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA; Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA.
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12
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effects and mechanism of carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM-1, CC1)-mediated regulation of the Coxsackie and Adenovirus Receptor (CAR) after Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) infection. METHODS A mouse CC1 overexpression recombinant virus was constructed, followed by insertion of a pLVX-CEACAM 1-zsgreen-puro (rLV-CEACAM 1) plasmid into the recombinant retrovirus. Cardiac myocytes were assigned into different groups according to various treatments. The apoptosis rate and cell activity in each group were observed. Further, CAR expression and SYK, IL-1β, and p-SYK levels were measured. RESULTS The recombinant retrovirus titer was measured as 1.5 × 10 TUs/ml. The apoptosis rate of cardiac myocytes in the CC1 overexpression plus CVB3 group was significantly elevated, and the relative expression of the CAR gene was the highest in the CC1 overexpression plus CVB3 group. TNF-α and IL-1β levels increased due to CC1 overexpression and further increased after CVB3 infection. CAR protein expression also changed along with the levels of CC1, SYK, and TNF-α after infection. CONCLUSION CC1 may promote CAR expression after CVB3 infection and regulate CAR protein expression by activating the CC1-SYK-TNF-α signaling axis during the infection process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaiyong Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Panyu Central Hospital
- Cardiovascular Institute of Panyu District
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University
| | - Cheng Long
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University
| | - Xinzhong Li
- Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University
| | - Qiang Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Panyu Central Hospital
- Cardiovascular Institute of Panyu District
| | - Mingcai Song
- Department of Cardiology, Panyu Central Hospital
- Cardiovascular Institute of Panyu District
| | - Yulan Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
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13
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Ifie E, Russell MA, Dhayal S, Leete P, Sebastiani G, Nigi L, Dotta F, Marjomäki V, Eizirik DL, Morgan NG, Richardson SJ. Unexpected subcellular distribution of a specific isoform of the Coxsackie and adenovirus receptor, CAR-SIV, in human pancreatic beta cells. Diabetologia 2018; 61:2344-2355. [PMID: 30074059 PMCID: PMC6182664 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-018-4704-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The Coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR) is a transmembrane cell-adhesion protein that serves as an entry receptor for enteroviruses and may be essential for their ability to infect cells. Since enteroviral infection of beta cells has been implicated as a factor that could contribute to the development of type 1 diabetes, it is often assumed that CAR is displayed on the surface of human beta cells. However, CAR exists as multiple isoforms and it is not known whether all isoforms subserve similar physiological functions. In the present study, we have determined the profile of CAR isoforms present in human beta cells and monitored the subcellular localisation of the principal isoform within the cells. METHODS Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded pancreatic sections from non-diabetic individuals and those with type 1 diabetes were studied. Immunohistochemistry, confocal immunofluorescence, electron microscopy and western blotting with isoform-specific antisera were employed to examine the expression and cellular localisation of the five known CAR isoforms. Isoform-specific qRT-PCR and RNA sequencing (RNAseq) were performed on RNA extracted from isolated human islets. RESULTS An isoform of CAR with a terminal SIV motif and a unique PDZ-binding domain was expressed at high levels in human beta cells at the protein level. A second isoform, CAR-TVV, was also present. Both forms were readily detected by qRT-PCR and RNAseq analysis in isolated human islets. Immunocytochemical studies indicated that CAR-SIV was the principal isoform in islets and was localised mainly within the cytoplasm of beta cells, rather than at the plasma membrane. Within the cells it displayed a punctate pattern of immunolabelling, consistent with its retention within a specific membrane-bound compartment. Co-immunofluorescence analysis revealed significant co-localisation of CAR-SIV with zinc transporter protein 8 (ZnT8), prohormone convertase 1/3 (PC1/3) and insulin, but not proinsulin. This suggests that CAR-SIV may be resident mainly in the membranes of insulin secretory granules. Immunogold labelling and electron microscopic analysis confirmed that CAR-SIV was localised to dense-core (insulin) secretory granules in human islets, whereas no immunolabelling of the protein was detected on the secretory granules of adjacent exocrine cells. Importantly, CAR-SIV was also found to co-localise with protein interacting with C-kinase 1 (PICK1), a protein recently demonstrated to play a role in insulin granule maturation and trafficking. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The SIV isoform of CAR is abundant in human beta cells and is localised mainly to insulin secretory granules, implying that it may be involved in granule trafficking and maturation. We propose that this subcellular localisation of CAR-SIV contributes to the unique sensitivity of human beta cells to enteroviral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eseoghene Ifie
- Islet Biology Exeter (IBEx), Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Building (Level 4), Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Mark A Russell
- Islet Biology Exeter (IBEx), Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Building (Level 4), Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Shalinee Dhayal
- Islet Biology Exeter (IBEx), Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Building (Level 4), Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Pia Leete
- Islet Biology Exeter (IBEx), Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Building (Level 4), Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Guido Sebastiani
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena and Fondazione Umberto Di Mario ONLUS-Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Laura Nigi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena and Fondazione Umberto Di Mario ONLUS-Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Francesco Dotta
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena and Fondazione Umberto Di Mario ONLUS-Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Varpu Marjomäki
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science/Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Decio L Eizirik
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Center for Diabetes Research and Welbio, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Noel G Morgan
- Islet Biology Exeter (IBEx), Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Building (Level 4), Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Sarah J Richardson
- Islet Biology Exeter (IBEx), Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Building (Level 4), Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK.
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14
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Chen X, Liu R, Liu X, Xu C, Wang X. Protective Role of Coxsackie-Adenovirus Receptor in the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Biomed Res Int 2018; 2018:7207268. [PMID: 30175139 PMCID: PMC6106915 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7207268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the role of Coxsackie-adenovirus receptor (CAR) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). BACKGROUND CAR, a type I transmembrane protein with functions in virus attachment, has been shown to be associated with epithelial tight junctions (TJs) and mediates cell adhesion, implying its potential roles in the pathogenesis of IBD. METHODS AND MATERIALS To determine the effect of CAR in IBD using QPCR and Western blotting to determine the expression of CAD in TNF-α induced NCM460 and SW480 cells and IBD tissues compared to control groups. Furthermore, TJs dysregulation, FITC-Dextran permeability assay, qRT-PCR, Western blot, and IF assessed the permeability in CAR overexpressed cells treated with TNF-α. HE, qRT-PCR, Western blot, and IHC assay were used to assess the CAR overexpressed cells whether they have the effect to cure DSS induced ulcerative colitis rat model in vivo. RESULT We found CAR levels in human colon cell lines are significantly downregulated under the treatment of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Furthermore, overexpression of CAR markedly prevented TNF-α induced inflammatory response, TJs dysregulation, and permeability disruption (FITC-Dextran permeability assay) in cells. Consistent with these findings in vitro, we found that CAR overexpression could suppress gut inflammation, attenuate the downregulation of TJ protein ZO-1 and Occludin, and limit the induction of barrier permeability in a DSS induced ulcerative colitis rat model in vivo. Together, our findings strongly suggest that CAR could protect tight junctions and has an anti-inflammatory effect during the pathogenesis of IBD. Thus CAR may serve as a therapeutic target for the diagnosis and treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Canxia Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China
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15
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Agarwal P, Gammon EA, Sajib AM, Sandey M, Smith BF. Cell-Surface Integrins and CAR Are Both Essential for Adenovirus Type 5 Transduction of Canine Cells of Lymphocytic Origin. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169532. [PMID: 28068367 PMCID: PMC5222425 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenoviruses are the most widely used vectors in cancer gene therapy. Adenoviruses vectors are well characterized and are easily manipulated. Adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) is the most commonly used human serotype. Ad5 internalization into host cells is a combined effect of binding of Ad5 fiber knob with the coxsackie virus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) and binding of RGD motifs in viral penton to cell surface integrins (αvβ3, αvβ5). Ad5’s wide range of host-cell transduction and lack of integration into the host genome have made it an excellent choice for cancer therapeutics. However, Ad5 has limited ability to transduce cells of hematopoietic origin. It has been previously reported that low or no expression of CAR is a potential obstacle to Ad5 infection in hematopoietic origin cells. In addition, we have previously reported that low levels of cell surface integrins (αvβ3, αvβ5) may inhibit Ad5 infection in canine lymphoma cell lines. In the current report we have examined the ability of an Ad5 vector to infect human (HEK293) and canine non-cancerous (NCF and PBMC), canine non-hematopoietic origin cancer (CMT28, CML7, and CML10), and canine hematopoietic origin cancer (DH82, 17–71, OSW, MPT-1, and BR) cells. In addition, we have quantified CAR, αvβ3 and αvβ5 integrin transcript expression in these cells by using quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (q-RT-PCR). Low levels of integrins were present in MPT1, 17–71, OSW, and PBMC cells in comparison to CMT28, DH82, and BR cells. CAR mRNA levels were comparatively higher in MPT1, 17–71, OSW, and PBMC cells. This report confirms and expands the finding that low or absent expression of cell surface integrins may be the primary reason for the inability of Ad5-based vectors to transduce cells of lymphocytic origin and some myeloid cells but this is not true for all hematopoietic origin cells. For efficient use of Ad5-based therapeutic vectors in cancers of lymphocytic origin, it is important to address the defects in cell surface integrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payal Agarwal
- Scott Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth A. Gammon
- Scott Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Abdul Mohin Sajib
- Scott Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Maninder Sandey
- Scott Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Bruce F. Smith
- Scott Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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16
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Fujino K, Fujimoto Y, Ujino A, Thanasut K, Taharaguchi M, Taharaguchi S, Takase K. Gallus gallus coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor facilitates the binding of fowl adenovirus serotype 1 in chickens. Jpn J Vet Res 2016; 64:183-190. [PMID: 29786989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (UXADR) is an integral membrane protein that serves as a receptor for coxsackie B viruses and adenovirus types 2 and 5. Previous studies demonstrated that Fowl adenovirus (FAV) can also utilize Homo sapiens CXADR to infect cells. FAV is a double-stranded DNA virus of the family Adenoviridae. FAV causes inclusion body hepatitis and hydropericardium syndrome in chickens. In addition, FAV serotypes 1 and 8 have recently been shown to cause gizzard erosion in chickens. These chicken diseases and growth insufficiency caused by FAV infection result in great economic loss. Thus, identifying and characterizing the viral receptor would further enhance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying virus infection and histocompatibility. Here, in order to determine the FAV receptor in chickens, we investigated the effect of the recently identified Gallus gallus CXADR (ggCXADR) on FAV infection. Overexpression of ggCXADR in CHO cells resulted in increased FAV binding and expression of early FAV genes. However, the propagation of infectious viruses in CHO cells expressing ggCXADR was not detected. These findings provide the basis for further studies aimed at elucidating the infection mechanism of FAV. Further research is required to characterize the additional host factors involved in FAV infection and life cycle.
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17
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Murakami K, Eguchi J, Hida K, Nakatsuka A, Katayama A, Sakurai M, Choshi H, Furutani M, Ogawa D, Takei K, Otsuka F, Wada J. Antiobesity Action of ACAM by Modulating the Dynamics of Cell Adhesion and Actin Polymerization in Adipocytes. Diabetes 2016; 65:1255-67. [PMID: 26956488 DOI: 10.2337/db15-1304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Coxsackie virus and adenovirus receptor-like membrane protein (CLMP) was identified as the tight junction-associated transmembrane protein of epithelial cells with homophilic binding activities. CLMP is also recognized as adipocyte adhesion molecule (ACAM), and it is upregulated in mature adipocytes in rodents and humans with obesity. Here, we present that aP2 promoter-driven ACAM transgenic mice are protected from obesity and diabetes with the prominent reduction of adipose tissue mass and smaller size of adipocytes. ACAM is abundantly expressed on plasma membrane of mature adipocytes and associated with formation of phalloidin-positive polymerized form of cortical actin (F-actin). By electron microscopy, the structure of zonula adherens with an intercellular space of ∼10-20 nm was observed with strict parallelism of the adjoining cell membranes over distances of 1-20 μm, where ACAM and γ-actin are abundantly expressed. The formation of zonula adherens may increase the mechanical strength, inhibit the adipocyte hypertrophy, and improve the insulin sensitivity.
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MESH Headings
- 3T3-L1 Cells
- Actin Cytoskeleton/metabolism
- Actin Cytoskeleton/pathology
- Actin Cytoskeleton/ultrastructure
- Adherens Junctions/metabolism
- Adherens Junctions/pathology
- Adherens Junctions/ultrastructure
- Adipocytes, White/cytology
- Adipocytes, White/metabolism
- Adipocytes, White/pathology
- Adipocytes, White/ultrastructure
- Adiposity
- Animals
- Cell Adhesion
- Cell Size
- Coxsackie and Adenovirus Receptor-Like Membrane Protein/genetics
- Coxsackie and Adenovirus Receptor-Like Membrane Protein/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus/etiology
- Diabetes Mellitus/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus/prevention & control
- Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
- Dietary Sucrose/adverse effects
- Female
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
- Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
- Microscopy, Immunoelectron
- Obesity/etiology
- Obesity/metabolism
- Obesity/pathology
- Obesity/prevention & control
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
- Up-Regulation
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutoshi Murakami
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Jun Eguchi
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Hida
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Atsuko Nakatsuka
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Akihiro Katayama
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Miwa Sakurai
- Department of Diabetic Nephropathy, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Haruki Choshi
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masumi Furutani
- Central Research Laboratory, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ogawa
- Department of Diabetic Nephropathy, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kohji Takei
- Department of Biochemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Fumio Otsuka
- Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Jun Wada
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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18
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Yamauchi S, Kawamura K, Okamoto S, Morinaga T, Jiang Y, Shingyoji M, Sekine I, Kubo S, Tada Y, Tatsumi K, Shimada H, Hiroshima K, Tagawa M. Replication-competent adenoviruses with the type 35-derived fiber-knob region achieve reactive oxygen species-dependent cytotoxicity and produce greater toxicity than those with the type 5-derived region in pancreatic carcinoma. Apoptosis 2015; 20:1587-98. [PMID: 26373551 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-015-1171-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic carcinoma is relatively resistant to chemotherapy and cell death induced by replication of adenoviruses (Ad) can be one of the therapeutic options. Transduction efficacy of conventional type 5 Ad (Ad5) is however low and the cytotoxic mechanism by replication-competent Ad was not well understood. We constructed replication-competent Ad5 of which the E1A promoter region was replaced with a transcriptional regulatory region of the midkine, the survivin or the cyclooxygenase-2 gene, all of which were expressed at a high level in human tumors. We also prepared replication-competent Ad5 that were activated with the same region but had the type 35 Ad-derived fiber-knob region (AdF35) to convert the major cellular receptor for Ad infection from the coxsackie adenovirus receptor to CD46 molecules. Replication-competent AdF35 that were activated with the exogenous region produced cytotoxic effects on human pancreatic carcinoma cells greater than the corresponding Ad5 bearing with the same regulatory region. Cells infected with the AdF35 showed cytopathic effects and increased sub-G1 fractions. Caspase-9, less significantly caspase-8 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, but not caspase-3 was cleaved and expression of molecules involved in autophagy and caspase-independent cell death pathways remained unchanged. Nevertheless, H2A histone family member X molecules were phosphorylated, and N-acetyl-L-cystein, an inhibitor for reactive oxygen species, suppressed the AdF35-mediated cytotoxicity. These data indicated a novel mechanism of Ad-mediated cell death and suggest a possible clinical application of the fiber-knob modified Ad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suguru Yamauchi
- Division of Pathology and Cell Therapy, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, 666-2 Nitona, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8717, Japan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kiyoko Kawamura
- Division of Pathology and Cell Therapy, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, 666-2 Nitona, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8717, Japan
| | - Shinya Okamoto
- Division of Pathology and Cell Therapy, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, 666-2 Nitona, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8717, Japan
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takao Morinaga
- Division of Pathology and Cell Therapy, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, 666-2 Nitona, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8717, Japan
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuanyuan Jiang
- Division of Pathology and Cell Therapy, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, 666-2 Nitona, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8717, Japan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Ikuo Sekine
- Division of Respirology, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shuji Kubo
- Department of Genetics, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Yuji Tada
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Koichiro Tatsumi
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hideaki Shimada
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenzo Hiroshima
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Yachiyo Medical Center, Yachiyo, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Tagawa
- Division of Pathology and Cell Therapy, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, 666-2 Nitona, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8717, Japan.
- Department of Molecular Biology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
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19
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Schell C, Kretz O, Bregenzer A, Rogg M, Helmstädter M, Lisewski U, Gotthardt M, Tharaux PL, Huber TB, Grahammer F. Podocyte-Specific Deletion of Murine CXADR Does Not Impair Podocyte Development, Function or Stress Response. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129424. [PMID: 26076477 PMCID: PMC4468136 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The coxsackie- and adenovirus receptor (CXADR) is a member of the immunoglobulin protein superfamily, present in various epithelial cells including glomerular epithelial cells. Beside its known function as a virus receptor, it also constitutes an integral part of cell-junctions. Previous studies in the zebrafish pronephros postulated a potential role of CXADR for the terminal differentiation of glomerular podocytes and correct patterning of the elaborated foot process architecture. However, due to early embryonic lethality of constitutive Cxadr knockout mice, mammalian data on kidney epithelial cells have been lacking. Interestingly, Cxadr is robustly expressed during podocyte development and in adulthood in response to glomerular injury. We therefore used a conditional transgenic approach to elucidate the function of Cxadr for podocyte development and stress response. Surprisingly, we could not discern a developmental phenotype in podocyte specific Cxadr knock-out mice. In addition, despite a significant up regulation of CXADR during toxic, genetic and immunologic podocyte injury, we could not detect any impact of Cxadr on these injury models. Thus these data indicate that in contrast to lower vertebrate models, mammalian podocytes have acquired molecular programs to compensate for the loss of Cxadr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Schell
- Renal Division, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Kretz
- Renal Division, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Bregenzer
- Renal Division, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Manuel Rogg
- Renal Division, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Ulrike Lisewski
- Max-Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Tobias B. Huber
- Renal Division, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS Center for Biological Signaling Studies, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Florian Grahammer
- Renal Division, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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20
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Serrano M, Moreno M, Bassols J, Moreno-Navarrete JM, Ortega F, Ricart W, Fernández-Real JM. Coxsackie and adenovirus receptor is increased in adipose tissue of obese subjects: a role for adenovirus infection? J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015; 100:1156-63. [PMID: 25459915 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2014-3791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR) was originally identified as a common receptor for coxsackie B viruses and type C adenoviruses. OBJECTIVE The objective was to investigate CAR gene expression in human adipose tissue to explore its associations with adipocyte physiology. DESIGN AND SETTING This was an ex vivo study in 91 visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and 109 sc adipose tissue (SAT) human samples (61 paired) obtained during elective surgical procedures. PATIENTS Patients were recruited at the Endocrinology Service of the Hospital Universitari Dr Josep Trueta. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE CAR mRNA was measured in human adipose tissue samples and confirmed at the protein level and in adipose tissue fractions. The effects of inflammatory stimuli on CAR gene expression were also evaluated. RESULTS In paired samples, CAR was 46-fold higher in VAT vs SAT (P < .0001), being higher also at the protein level (P = .04). CAR was predominantly found in stromal vascular cell fractions (SVFs) in both fat depots. CAR mRNA (P = .006) and protein levels (P = .01) in VAT were significantly increased in obese vs nonobese subjects. In fact, CAR mRNA levels in SAT were positively associated with body mass index (r = 0.26; P = .008) and percentage fat mass (r = 0.28; P = .004). In VAT, MGLL, FSP27, AKAP, omentin, TKT, S14, and FABP contributed independently to CAR mRNA variation after adjusting for age and body mass index. Macrophage-conditioned medium led to increased CAR gene expression in mature adipocytes in vitro. CONCLUSIONS The increased expression of CAR in adipose tissue from obese subjects, mainly in SVFs, suggests that CAR might play a role in adipose tissue dysfunction, given its dual associations with adipogenic and inflammatory genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Serrano
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Nutrition (M.S., M.M., J.M.M.-N., F.O., W.R., J.M.F.-R.), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, CIBEROBN (CB06/03/010), and Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 17007 Girona, Spain; and Department of Pediatrics (J.B.), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, 17007 Girona, Spain
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21
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Zhang B, Yan Y, Jin J, Lin H, Li Z, Zhang X, Liu J, Xi C, Lieber A, Fan X, Ran L. Two types of functionally distinct fiber containing structural protein complexes are produced during infection of adenovirus serotype 5. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117976. [PMID: 25723153 PMCID: PMC4344211 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenoviruses are common pathogens. The localization of their receptors coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor, and desmoglein-2 in cell-cell junction complexes between polarized epithelial cells represents a major challenge for adenovirus infection from the apical surface. Structural proteins including hexon, penton base and fiber are excessively produced in serotype 5 adenovirus (Ad5)-infected cells. We have characterized the composition of structural protein complexes released from Ad5 infected cells and their capacity in remodeling cell-cell junction complexes. Using T84 cells as a model for polarized epithelium, we have studied the effect of Ad5 structural protein complexes in remodeling cell-cell junctions in polarized epithelium. The initial Ad5 infection in T84 cell culture was inefficient. However, progressive distortion of cell-cell junction in association with fiber release was evident during progression of Ad5 infection. Incubation of T84 cell cultures with virion-free supernatant from Ad5 infected culture resulted in distortion of cell-cell junctions and decreased infectivity of Ad5-GFP vector. We used gel filtration chromatography to fractionate fiber containing virion–free supernatant from Ad5 infected culture supernatant. Fiber containing fractions were further characterized for their capacity to inhibit the infection of Ad5-GFP vector, their composition in adenovirus structural proteins using western blot and LC-MS/MS and their capacity in remolding cell-cell junctions. Fiber molecules in complexes containing penton base and hexon, or mainly hexon were identified. Only the fiber complexes with relatively high content of penton base, but not the fiber-hexon complexes with low penton base, were able to penetrate into T84 cells and cause distortion of cell-cell junctions. Our findings suggest that these two types of fiber complexes may play different roles in adenoviral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resources and Molecular Development, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhua Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resources and Molecular Development, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Jin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resources and Molecular Development, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyu Lin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resources and Molecular Development, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Zongyi Li
- Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resources and Molecular Development, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resources and Molecular Development, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Xi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resources and Molecular Development, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Andre Lieber
- Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Xiaolong Fan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resources and Molecular Development, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (XF); (LR)
| | - Liang Ran
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resources and Molecular Development, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (XF); (LR)
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Herod MR, Pineda RG, Mautner V, Onion D. Quantum dot labelling of adenovirus allows highly sensitive single cell flow and imaging cytometry. Small 2015; 11:797-803. [PMID: 25285963 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201401885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A quantum dot method for highly efficient labelling of single adenoviral particles is developed. The technique has no impact on viral fitness and allows the imaging and tracking of virus binding and internalisation events using a variety of techniques including imaging cytometry and confocal microscopy. The method is applied to characterise the tropism of different adenoviral vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan R Herod
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
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23
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Lucas T, Benihoud K, Vigant F, Schmidt CQA, Bachem MG, Simmet T, Kochanek S. Hexon modification to improve the activity of oncolytic adenovirus vectors against neoplastic and stromal cells in pancreatic cancer. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117254. [PMID: 25692292 PMCID: PMC4332860 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary pancreatic carcinoma has an unfavourable prognosis and standard treatment strategies mostly fail in advanced cases. Virotherapy might overcome this resistance to current treatment modalities. However, data from clinical studies with oncolytic viruses, including replicating adenoviral (Ad) vectors, have shown only limited activity against pancreatic cancer and other carcinomas. Since pancreatic carcinomas have a complex tumor architecture and frequently a strong stromal compartment consisting of non-neoplastic cell types (mainly pancreatic stellate cells = hPSCs) and extracellular matrix, it is not surprising that Ad vectors replicating in neoplastic cells will likely fail to eradicate this aggressive tumor type. Because the TGFβ receptor (TGFBR) is expressed on both neoplastic cells and hPSCs we inserted the TGFBR targeting peptide CKS17 into the hypervariable region 5 (HVR5) of the capsid protein hexon with the aim to generate a replicating Ad vector with improved activity in complex tumors. We demonstrated increased transduction of both pancreatic cancer cell lines and of hPSCs and enhanced cytotoxicity in co-cultures of both cell types. Surface plasmon resonance analysis demonstrated decreased binding of coagulation factor X to CKS17-modified Ad particles and in vivo biodistribution studies performed in mice indicated decreased transduction of hepatocytes. Thus, to increase activity of replicating Ad vectors we propose to relax tumor cell selectivity by genetic hexon-mediated targeting to the TGFBR (or other receptors present on both neoplastic and non-neoplastic cells within the tumor) to enable replication also in the stromal cell compartment of tumors, while abolishing hepatocyte transduction, and thereby increasing safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Lucas
- Department of Gene Therapy, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Karim Benihoud
- Univ. Paris-Sud, Orsay Cedex, France and CNRS UMR 8203, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif Cedex, France
| | - Frédéric Vigant
- Univ. Paris-Sud, Orsay Cedex, France and CNRS UMR 8203, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif Cedex, France
| | - Christoph Q. Andreas Schmidt
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products & Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Tierforschungszentrum, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Max G. Bachem
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Simmet
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products & Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stefan Kochanek
- Department of Gene Therapy, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Lenman A, Liaci AM, Liu Y, Årdahl C, Rajan A, Nilsson E, Bradford W, Kaeshammer L, Jones MS, Frängsmyr L, Feizi T, Stehle T, Arnberg N. Human adenovirus 52 uses sialic acid-containing glycoproteins and the coxsackie and adenovirus receptor for binding to target cells. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1004657. [PMID: 25674795 PMCID: PMC4335501 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Most adenoviruses attach to host cells by means of the protruding fiber protein that binds to host cells via the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) protein. Human adenovirus type 52 (HAdV-52) is one of only three gastroenteritis-causing HAdVs that are equipped with two different fiber proteins, one long and one short. Here we show, by means of virion-cell binding and infection experiments, that HAdV-52 can also attach to host cells via CAR, but most of the binding depends on sialylated glycoproteins. Glycan microarray, flow cytometry, surface plasmon resonance and ELISA analyses reveal that the terminal knob domain of the long fiber (52LFK) binds to CAR, and the knob domain of the short fiber (52SFK) binds to sialylated glycoproteins. X-ray crystallographic analysis of 52SFK in complex with 2-O-methylated sialic acid combined with functional studies of knob mutants revealed a new sialic acid binding site compared to other, known adenovirus:glycan interactions. Our findings shed light on adenovirus biology and may help to improve targeting of adenovirus-based vectors for gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annasara Lenman
- Division of Virology, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - A. Manuel Liaci
- University of Tübingen, Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yan Liu
- Glycosciences Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carin Årdahl
- Division of Virology, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anandi Rajan
- Division of Virology, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Emma Nilsson
- Division of Virology, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Will Bradford
- University of Tübingen, Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lisa Kaeshammer
- University of Tübingen, Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Morris S. Jones
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Naval Medical Center, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Lars Frängsmyr
- Division of Virology, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ten Feizi
- Glycosciences Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thilo Stehle
- University of Tübingen, Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, Tübingen, Germany
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Niklas Arnberg
- Division of Virology, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Nonhuman adenovirus vectors for gene transfer to the brain (BrainCAV). HUM GENE THER CL DEV 2014; 25:57-9. [PMID: 24933561 DOI: 10.1089/humc.2014.2504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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26
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Tian R, Yin X, Wang W, Lin X, Zhu X, Xu Y, Yan J, Zhang W, Gao J, Yu J. [Expression and activity identification of a fusion protein for promoting adenovirus infection efficiency of dendritic cells]. Xi Bao Yu Fen Zi Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi 2014; 30:476-484. [PMID: 24796741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To construct a prokaryotic expression plasmid for CT40L, express the target protein in E. coli, purity the CT40L fusion protein and verify its antigenicity. METHODS Gene sequences of Coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR), bacteriophage T4 fibritin and mouse CD40L were found out in GenBank. Then functional domains of three molecules were linked to form a fusion sequence which was then optimized for prokaryotic expression. The optimized sequence was cloned into prokaryotic expression vector pET42a(+) to construct the recombinant expression vector pET42a-CT40L. The recombinant vector was transformed into BL21 (DE3) and the fusion protein CT40L/GST was induced by IPTG. The fusion protein was then subjected to purification using GST affinity chromatography and to identification of the immune activity using Western blotting and ELISA. RESULTS The recombinant expression vector was verified correct by double digestion with Nco I and EcoR I. After IPTG induction, SDS-PAGE showed that the relative molecular mass of the fusion protein was about 78 kDa and that the purity of the purified protein reached 90%. Western blotting and ELISA demonstrated that the purified fusion protein had a valid antigenicity. CONCLUSION The prokaryotic expression plasmid pET42a-Ct40L was successfully constructed and expressed in E. coli, and the purified fusion protein was proved to have a good antigenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renli Tian
- Department of Urology, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100853; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xiaotao Yin
- Department of Urology, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100853; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Urology, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100853; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xiaoliang Lin
- Department of Urology, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100853; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yuanji Xu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Jinqi Yan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Jiangping Gao
- Department of Urology, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Jiyun Yu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
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27
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Inoue K, Maeda N, Mori T, Sekimoto R, Tsushima Y, Matsuda K, Yamaoka M, Suganami T, Nishizawa H, Ogawa Y, Funahashi T, Shimomura I. Possible involvement of Opa-interacting protein 5 in adipose proliferation and obesity. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87661. [PMID: 24516558 PMCID: PMC3916335 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an epidemic matter increasing risk for cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes. We recently examined the association between visceral fat adiposity and gene expression profile of peripheral blood cells in human subjects. In a series of studies, Opa (Neisseria gonorrhoeae opacity-associated)-interacting protein 5 (OIP5) was nominated as a molecule of unknown function in adipocytes and thus the present study was performed to investigate the role of OIP5 in obesity. Adenovirus overexpressing Oip5 (Ad-Oip5) was generated and infected to 3T3-L1 cells stably expressing Coxsackie-Adenovirus Receptor (CAR-3T3-L1) and to mouse subcutaneous fat. For a knockdown experiment, siRNA against Oip5 (Oip5-siRNA) was introduced into 3T3-L1 cells. Proliferation of adipose cells was measured by BrdU uptake, EdU-staining, and cell count. Significant increase of Oip5 mRNA level was observed in obese white adipose tissues and such increase was detected in both mature adipocytes fraction and stromal vascular cell fraction. Ad-Oip5-infected CAR-3T3-L1 preadipocytes and adipocytes proliferated rapidly, while a significant reduction of proliferation was observed in Oip5-siRNA-introduced 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Fat weight and number of adipocytes were significantly increased in Ad-Oip5-administered fat tissues. Oip5 promotes proliferation of pre- and mature-adipocytes and contributes adipose hyperplasia. Increase of Oip5 may associate with development of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana Inoue
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Norikazu Maeda
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Takuya Mori
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryohei Sekimoto
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yu Tsushima
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keisuke Matsuda
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaya Yamaoka
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Suganami
- Department of Organ Network and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Nishizawa
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ogawa
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tohru Funahashi
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Iichiro Shimomura
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Uchino J, Curiel DT, Ugai H. Species D human adenovirus type 9 exhibits better virus-spread ability for antitumor efficacy among alternative serotypes. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87342. [PMID: 24503714 PMCID: PMC3913592 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Species C human adenovirus serotype 5 (HAdV-C5) is widely used as a vector for cancer gene therapy, because it efficiently transduces target cells. A variety of HAdV-C5 vectors have been developed and tested in vitro and in vivo for cancer gene therapy. While clinical trials with HAdV-C5 vectors resulted in effective responses in many cancer patients, administration of HAdV-C5 vectors to solid tumors showed responses in a limited area. A biological barrier in tumor mass is considered to hinder viral spread of HAdV-C5 vectors from infected cells. Therefore, efficient virus-spread from an infected tumor cell to surrounding tumor cells is required for successful cancer gene therapy. In this study, we compared HAdV-C5 to sixteen other HAdV serotypes selected from species A to G for virus-spread ability in vitro. HAdV-D9 showed better virus-spread ability than other serotypes, and its viral progeny were efficiently released from infected cells during viral replication. Although the HAdV-D9 fiber protein contains a binding site for coxsackie B virus and adenovirus receptor (CAR), HAdV-D9 showed expanded tropism for infection due to human CAR (hCAR)-independent attachment to target cells. HAdV-D9 infection effectively killed hCAR-negative cancer cells as well as hCAR-positive cancer cells. These results suggest that HADV-D9, with its better virus-spread ability, could have improved therapeutic efficacy in solid tumors compared to HAdV-C5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junji Uchino
- Cancer Biology Division, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - David T. Curiel
- Cancer Biology Division, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Biologic Therapeutics Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Hideyo Ugai
- Cancer Biology Division, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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29
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Deng X, Chen F, Liu J, Zhou Z, Jia C. [Expression of coxsackie-adenovirus receptor in keratinocytes of mouse skin after heat stimulation and the effect of coxsackie-adenovirus receptor on dendritic epidermal T lymphocytes]. Zhonghua Shao Shang Za Zhi 2014; 30:40-45. [PMID: 24684988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the influence of heat stimulation on expression of coxsackie-adenovirus receptor (CAR) in keratinocytes (KCs) of mouse skin and the effect of CAR on production of cell growth factors by dendritic epidermal T lymphocytes (DETCs). METHODS (1) Twenty BALB/c mice were divided into heat stimulation group (HS) and control group (C) according to the random number table, with 10 mice in each group. Mice in group HS were inflicted with scald milder than superficial-thickness by dressing wet hot gauze, which had been soaked in 100°C hot water for 3 min, in the hair removed area on the back for 1 to 3 s, while mice in group C were sham injured by dressing a wet gauze which had been soaked in water of room temperature for 3 min in the hair removed area on the back for 1 to 3 s. Square full-thickness skin specimens measuring 2.0 cm × 2.0 cm in size were obtained from the center of the bare skin. The expression of CAR in skin tissue sections were detected by immunohistochemistry staining. The mRNA and protein expression levels of CAR in skin tissue sections were respectively determined by real-time fluorescent quantitation RT-PCR and Western blotting. (2) KCs were isolated and cultured from full-thickness skin obtained from the trunk of 2 fetal BALB/c mice, and they were divided into 2 groups according to the random number table, with 5 wells in each group. The cells in group HS and group C were respectively cultured in 42°C and 37°C, 5% CO2 incubator for 1 h, and then all the cells were cultured in 37 °, 5% CO2 incubator for 6 h. The apoptosis of the cells and their expression of CAR were detected by flow cytometer. (3) Five BALB/c mice were sacrificed, and full-thickness skin was obtained from the trunk. The DETCs were divided into 7 groups according to the random number table after being isolated and purified from the skin specimens. Cells in group C were cultured without any stimulation, and cells in the 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0, and 16.0 mg/L CAR groups were respectively cultured with corresponding concentration of recombinant mice CAR nutrient solutions, with 5 wells in each group. The contents of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) were determined with ELISA. Data were processed with independent samples t test and one-way analysis of variance. RESULTS (1) The immunohistochemistry staining showed that there was mild positive staining in the skin tissue sections of mice in group C, while the positive staining was more obvious in group HS. The positive staining was mainly located in KCs, hair follicles, and sweat gland epithelial cells, while no positive staining was observed in fibroblasts. The mRNA expression levels of CAR in skin tissue sections in group C and group HS were respectively 0.157 ± 0.027 and 0.773 ± 0.029. There was statistically significant difference between them (t = 3.052, P < 0.01). The protein expression levels of CAR in skin tissue sections in group C and group HS were respectively 0.23 ± 0.09 and 0.89 ± 0.14. There was statistically significant difference between them (t = 2.556, P < 0.05). (2) The apoptosis rates of KCs in group C and group HS were respectively (5.7 ± 1.3)% and (7.4 ± 1.7)% (t = 0.464, P > 0.05). The expression rates of CAR in KCs in group C and group HS were respectively (48 ± 6)% and (80 ± 8)%. There was statistically significant difference between them (t = 2.585, P < 0.05). (3) The contents of IGF-Iin culture supernatants in group C and 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0, 16.0 mg/L CAR groups were respectively (23.1 ± 1.8), (22.5 ± 2.1), (31.2 ± 2.5), (39.7 ± 2.3), (61.8 ± 3.5), (45.1 ± 2.8), and (29.0 ± 2.0) µg/L. There was statistically significant difference among 7 groups (F = 3.414, P < 0.05). The contents of KGF in culture supernatants in group C and 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0, 16.0 mg/L CAR groups were respectively (131 ± 9), (217 ± 12), (355 ± 21), (563 ± 21), (535 ± 34), (292 ± 20), and (245 ± 10) ng/L. There was statistically significant difference among 7 groups (F = 5.063, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The expression of CAR in KCs would rise after HS. The optimum CAR concentration to increase IGF-I and KGF production in DETCs is low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Deng
- Graduate School, Medical College of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Fuxing Chen
- Graduate School, Medical College of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Junquan Liu
- Graduate School, Medical College of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Zhonghai Zhou
- Graduate School, Medical College of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Chiyu Jia
- Graduate School, Medical College of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100039, China.
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Abstract
Vectors derived from the canine adenovirus serotype 2 (CAV-2) possess a high neurotropism and efficient retrograde transport that lead to widespread neuronal transduction in the central nervous system (CNS) of various animals. These abilities are due to the engagement of virions to the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor at the surface of neurons, which is linked to the endocytic and axonal transport machineries. The trafficking of CAV-2 and the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) can be visualized ex vivo by incubating primary neurons (e.g., motoneurons and hippocampal neurons) with fluorescently labeled virions or recombinant viral proteins. Using this approach, we could recapitulate the mechanisms responsible for long-range transport of adenovirus in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charleine Zussy
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, CNRS UMR 5535, Universités de Montpellier I & II, Montpellier, France
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Houri N, Huang KC, Nalbantoglu J. The Coxsackievirus and Adenovirus Receptor (CAR) undergoes ectodomain shedding and regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP). PLoS One 2013; 8:e73296. [PMID: 24015300 PMCID: PMC3756012 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Coxsackievirus and Adenovirus Receptor (CAR) is a cell adhesion molecule originally characterized as a virus receptor but subsequently shown to be involved in physiological processes such as neuronal and heart development, epithelial tight junction integrity, and tumour suppression. Proteolysis of cell adhesion molecules and a wide variety of other cell surface proteins serves as a mechanism for protein turnover and, in some cases, cell signaling. Metalloproteases such as A Disintegrin and Metalloprotease (ADAM) family members cleave cell surface receptors to release their substrates' ectodomains, while the presenilin/ɣ-secretase complex mediates regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP), releasing intracellular domain fragments from the plasma membrane. In the case of some substrates such as Notch and amyloid precursor protein (APP), the released intracellular domains enter the nucleus to modulate gene expression. We report that CAR ectodomain is constitutively shed from glioma cells and developing neurons, and is also shed when cells are treated with the phorbol ester phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and the calcium ionophore ionomycin. We identified ADAM10 as a sheddase of CAR using assays involving shRNA knockdown and rescue, overexpression of wild-type ADAM10 and inhibition of ADAM10 activity by addition of its prodomain. In vitro peptide cleavage, mass spectrometry and mutagenesis revealed the amino acids M224 to L227 of CAR as the site of ADAM10-mediated ectodomain cleavage. CAR also undergoes RIP by the presenilin/γ-secretase complex, and the intracellular domain of CAR enters the nucleus. Ectodomain shedding is a prerequisite for RIP of CAR. Thus, CAR belongs to the increasing list of cell surface molecules that undergo ectodomain shedding and that are substrates for ɣ-secretase-mediated RIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Houri
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery and Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kuo-Cheng Huang
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery and Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Josephine Nalbantoglu
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery and Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Diffuse infiltrative gliomas are adjudged to be the most common primary brain tumors in adults and they tend to blend in extensively in the brain micro-environment. This makes it difficult for medical practitioners to successfully plan effective treatments. In attempts to prolong the lengths of survival times for patients with malignant brain tumors, novel therapeutic alternatives such as gene therapy with oncolytic viruses are currently being explored. Based on such approaches and existing work, a spatio-temporal model that describes interaction between tumor cells and oncolytic viruses is developed. Conditions that lead to optimal therapy in minimizing cancer cell proliferation and otherwise are analytically demonstrated. Numerical simulations are conducted with the aim of showing the impact of virotherapy on proliferation or invasion of cancer cells and of estimating survival times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baba Issa Camara
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux, Universite de Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7360, 8 rue du General Delestraint, 57070 METZ, France.
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van der Werf CS, Hsiao NH, Conroy S, Paredes J, Ribeiro AS, Sribudiani Y, Seruca R, Hofstra RMW, Westers H, van IJzendoorn SCD. CLMP is essential for intestinal development, but does not play a key role in cellular processes involved in intestinal epithelial development. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54649. [PMID: 23460781 PMCID: PMC3584079 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations in CLMP have been found in patients with Congenital Short Bowel Syndrome (CSBS), suggesting that its encoded protein plays a major role in intestinal development. CLMP is a membrane protein that co-localizes with tight junction proteins, but its function is largely unknown. We expressed wild-type (WT)-CLMP and a mutant-CLMP (associated with CSBS) in human intestinal epithelial T84 cells that, as we show here, do not produce endogenous CLMP. We investigated the effects of WT-CLMP and mutant-CLMP proteins on key cellular processes that are important for intestinal epithelial development, including migration, proliferation, viability and transepithelial resistance. Our data showed that expression of WT-CLMP or mutant-CLMP does not affect any of these processes. Moreover, our aggregation assays in CHO cells show that CLMP does not act as a strong adhesion molecule. Thus, our data suggest that, in the in vitro model systems we used, the key processes involved in intestinal epithelial development appear to be unaffected by WT-CLMP or mutant-CLMP. Further research is needed to determine the role of CLMP in the development of the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine S. van der Werf
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nai-Hua Hsiao
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Siobhan Conroy
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Joana Paredes
- The Cancer Genetics Group, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana S. Ribeiro
- The Cancer Genetics Group, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Yunia Sribudiani
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Raquel Seruca
- The Cancer Genetics Group, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Robert M. W. Hofstra
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Helga Westers
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sven C. D. van IJzendoorn
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Adamson RE, Frazier AA, Evans H, Chambers KF, Schenk E, Essand M, Birnie R, Mitry RR, Dhawan A, Maitland NJ. In vitro primary cell culture as a physiologically relevant method for preclinical testing of human oncolytic adenovirus. Hum Gene Ther 2011; 23:218-30. [PMID: 21823897 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2011.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ad[I/PPT-E1A] is an oncolytic adenovirus that specifically kills prostate cells via restricted replication by a prostate-specific regulatory element. Off-target replication of oncolytic adenoviruses would have serious clinical consequences. As a proposed ex vivo test, we describe the assessment of the specificity of Ad[I/PPT-E1A] viral cytotoxicity and replication in human nonprostate primary cells. Four primary nonprostate cell types were selected to mimic the effects of potential in vivo exposure to Ad[I/PPT-E1A] virus: bronchial epithelial cells, urothelial cells, vascular endothelial cells, and hepatocytes. Primary cells were analyzed for Ad[I/PPT-E1A] viral cytotoxicity in MTS assays, and viral replication was determined by hexon titer immunostaining assays to quantify viral hexon protein. The results revealed that at an extreme multiplicity of infection of 500, unlikely to be achieved in vivo, Ad[I/PPT-E1A] virus showed no significant cytotoxic effects in the nonprostate primary cell types apart from the hepatocytes. Transmission electron microscopy studies revealed high levels of Ad[I/PPT-E1A] sequestered in the cytoplasm of these cells. Adenoviral green fluorescent protein reporter studies showed no evidence for nuclear localization, suggesting that the cytotoxic effects of Ad[I/PPT-E1A] in human primary hepatocytes are related to viral sequestration. Also, hepatocytes had increased amounts of coxsackie adenovirus receptor surface protein. Active viral replication was only observed in the permissive primary prostate cells and LNCaP prostate cell line, and was not evident in any of the other nonprostate cells types tested, confirming the specificity of Ad[I/PPT-E1A]. Thus, using a relevant panel of primary human cells provides a convenient and alternative preclinical assay for examining the specificity of conditionally replicating oncolytic adenoviruses in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Adamson
- YCR Cancer Research Unit, Department of Biology, University of York , Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom.
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