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Marocchi F, Palluzzi F, Nicoli P, Melixetian M, Lovati G, Bertalot G, Pece S, Ferrucci PF, Bossi D, Lanfrancone L. Actionable Genetic Screens Unveil Targeting of AURKA, MEK, and Fatty Acid Metabolism as an Alternative Therapeutic Approach for Advanced Melanoma. J Invest Dermatol 2023; 143:1993-2006.e10. [PMID: 37003468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.03.1665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Despite the remarkable improvements achieved in the management of metastatic melanoma, there are still unmet clinical needs. A considerable fraction of patients does not respond to immune and/or targeted therapies owing to primary and acquired resistance, high-grade immune-related adverse events, and a lack of alternative treatment options. To design effective combination therapies, we set up a functional ex vivo preclinical assay on the basis of a drop-out genetic screen in metastatic melanoma patient-derived xenografts. We showed that this approach can be used to isolate actionable vulnerabilities predictive of drug efficacy. In particular, we highlighted that the dual targeting of AURKA and MAPK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase employing the combination of alisertib and trametinib is highly effective in a cohort of metastatic melanoma patient-derived xenografts, both ex vivo and in vivo. Alisertib and trametinib combination therapy outperforms standard-of-care therapy in both BRAF-mutant patient-derived xenografts and targeted therapy-resistant models. Furthermore, alisertib and trametinib treatment modulates several critical cancer pathways, including an early metabolic reprogramming that leads to the transcriptional upregulation of the fatty acid oxidation pathway. This acquired trait unveiled an additional point of intervention for pharmacological targeting, and indeed, the triple combination of alisertib and trametinib with the fatty acid oxidation inhibitor etomoxir proved to be further beneficial, inducing tumor regression and remarkably prolonging the overall survival of the mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Marocchi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
| | - Fernando Palluzzi
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Nicoli
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
| | - Marine Melixetian
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Lovati
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bertalot
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy; Unità Operativa Multizonale di Anatomia Patologica, Azienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari, Trento, Italy; CISMED - Centre for Medical Sciences, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Salvatore Pece
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Pier Francesco Ferrucci
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Bossi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy; Institute of Oncology Research, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Luisa Lanfrancone
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy.
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Yang YC, Lin YW, Lee WJ, Lai FR, Ho KH, Chu CY, Hua KT, Chen JQ, Tung MC, Hsiao M, Wen YC, Chien MH. The RNA-binding protein KSRP aggravates malignant progression of clear cell renal cell carcinoma through transcriptional inhibition and post-transcriptional destabilization of the NEDD4L ubiquitin ligase. J Biomed Sci 2023; 30:68. [PMID: 37580757 PMCID: PMC10424398 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-023-00949-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND KH-type splicing regulatory protein (KHSRP, also called KSRP), a versatile RNA-binding protein, plays a critical role in various physiological and pathological conditions through modulating gene expressions at multiple levels. However, the role of KSRP in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remains poorly understood. METHODS KSRP expression was detected by a ccRCC tissue microarray and evaluated by an in silico analysis. Cell loss-of-function and gain-of-function, colony-formation, anoikis, and transwell assays, and an orthotopic bioluminescent xenograft model were conducted to determine the functional role of KRSP in ccRCC progression. Micro (mi)RNA and complementary (c)DNA microarrays were used to identify downstream targets of KSRP. Western blotting, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and promoter- and 3-untranslated region (3'UTR)-luciferase reporter assays were employed to validate the underlying mechanisms of KSRP which aggravate progression of ccRCC. RESULTS Our results showed that dysregulated high levels of KSRP were correlated with advanced clinical stages, larger tumor sizes, recurrence, and poor prognoses of ccRCC. Neural precursor cell-expressed developmentally downregulated 4 like (NEDD4L) was identified as a novel target of KSRP, which can reverse the protumorigenic and prometastatic characteristics as well as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) promotion by KSRP in vitro and in vivo. Molecular studies revealed that KSRP can decrease NEDD4L messenger (m)RNA stability via inducing mir-629-5p upregulation and directly targeting the AU-rich elements (AREs) of the 3'UTR. Moreover, KSRP was shown to transcriptionally suppress NEDD4L via inducing the transcriptional repressor, Wilm's tumor 1 (WT1). In the clinic, ccRCC samples revealed a positive correlation between KSRP and mesenchymal-related genes, and patients expressing high KSRP and low NEDD4L had the worst prognoses. CONCLUSION The current findings unveil novel mechanisms of KSRP which promote malignant progression of ccRCC through transcriptional inhibition and post-transcriptional destabilization of NEDD4L transcripts. Targeting KSRP and its pathways may be a novel pharmaceutical intervention for ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chieh Yang
- Department of Medical Research, Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu Hsing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Wei Lin
- International Master/PhD Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, 111, Section 3, Hsing Long Road, Taipei, 11696, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney (TMU-RCUK), Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jiunn Lee
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu Hsing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney (TMU-RCUK), Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Ru Lai
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu Hsing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hao Ho
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu Hsing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ying Chu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu Hsing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Tai Hua
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ji-Qing Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu Hsing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Min-Che Tung
- Department of Surgery, Tungs' Taichung Metro Harbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Michael Hsiao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Wen
- Department of Urology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, 111, Section 3, Hsing Long Road, Taipei, 11696, Taiwan.
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney (TMU-RCUK), Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Hsien Chien
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu Hsing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Pulmonary Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Bertoldo JB, Müller S, Hüttelmaier S. RNA-binding proteins in cancer drug discovery. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103580. [PMID: 37031812 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are crucial players in tumorigenesis and, hence, promising targets in cancer drug discovery. However, they are largely regarded as 'undruggable', because of the often noncatalytic and complex interactions between protein and RNA, which limit the discovery of specific inhibitors. Nonetheless, over the past 10 years, drug discovery efforts have uncovered RBP inhibitors with clinical relevance, highlighting the disruption of RNA-protein networks as a promising avenue for cancer therapeutics. In this review, we discuss the role of structurally distinct RBPs in cancer, and the mechanisms of RBP-directed small-molecule inhibitors (SMOIs) focusing on drug-protein interactions, binding surfaces, potency, and translational potential. Additionally, we underline the limitations of RBP-targeting drug discovery assays and comment on future trends in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean B Bertoldo
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Simon Müller
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Martin-Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany; New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stefan Hüttelmaier
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Martin-Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.
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Palzer KA, Bolduan V, Käfer R, Kleinert H, Bros M, Pautz A. The Role of KH-Type Splicing Regulatory Protein (KSRP) for Immune Functions and Tumorigenesis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091482. [PMID: 35563788 PMCID: PMC9104899 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-transcriptional control of gene expression is one important mechanism that enables stringent and rapid modulation of cytokine, chemokines or growth factors expression, all relevant for immune or tumor cell function and communication. The RNA-binding protein KH-type splicing regulatory protein (KSRP) controls the mRNA stability of according genes by initiation of mRNA decay and inhibition of translation, and by enhancing the maturation of microRNAs. Therefore, KSRP plays a pivotal role in immune cell function and tumor progression. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about KSRP with regard to the regulation of immunologically relevant targets, and the functional role of KSRP on immune responses and tumorigenesis. KSRP is involved in the control of myeloid hematopoiesis. Further, KSRP-mediated mRNA decay of pro-inflammatory factors is necessary to keep immune homeostasis. In case of infection, functional impairment of KSRP is important for the induction of robust immune responses. In this regard, KSRP seems to primarily dampen T helper cell 2 immune responses. In cancer, KSRP has often been associated with tumor growth and metastasis. In summary, aside of initiation of mRNA decay, the KSRP-mediated regulation of microRNA maturation seems to be especially important for its diverse biological functions, which warrants further in-depth examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim-Alicia Palzer
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (K.-A.P.); (R.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Vanessa Bolduan
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (V.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Rudolf Käfer
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (K.-A.P.); (R.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Hartmut Kleinert
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (K.-A.P.); (R.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Matthias Bros
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (V.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Andrea Pautz
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (K.-A.P.); (R.K.); (H.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-6131-179276; Fax: +49-6131-179042
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Ketebo AA, Park C, Kim J, Jun M, Park S. Probing mechanobiological role of filamin A in migration and invasion of human U87 glioblastoma cells using submicron soft pillars. NANO CONVERGENCE 2021; 8:19. [PMID: 34213679 PMCID: PMC8253861 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-021-00267-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Filamin A (FLNa) belongs to an actin-binding protein family in binding and cross-linking actin filaments into a three-dimensional structure. However, little attention has been given to its mechanobiological role in cancer cells. Here, we quantitatively investigated the role of FLNa by analyzing the following parameters in negative control (NC) and FLNa-knockdown (KD) U87 glioma cells using submicron pillars (900 nm diameter and 2 μm height): traction force (TF), rigidity sensing ability, cell aspect ratio, migration speed, and invasiveness. During the initial phase of cell adhesion (< 1 h), FLNa-KD cells polarized more slowly than did NC cells, which can be explained by the loss of rigidity sensing in FLNa-KD cells. The higher motility of FLNa-KD cells relative to NC cells can be explained by the high TF exerted by FLNa-KD cells when compared to NC cells, while the higher invasiveness of FLNa-KD cells relative to NC cells can be explained by a greater number of filopodia in FLNa-KD cells than in NC cells. Our results suggest that FLNa plays important roles in suppressing motility and invasiveness of U87 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdurazak Aman Ketebo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 16419, Suwon, Korea
| | - Chanyong Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 16419, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jaewon Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 16419, Suwon, Korea
| | - Myeongjun Jun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 16419, Suwon, Korea
| | - Sungsu Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 16419, Suwon, Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 16419, Suwon, Korea.
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics (IQB), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 16419, Suwon, Korea.
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, 16419, Suwon, Korea.
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Niu X, Sun J, Meng L, Fang T, Zhang T, Jiang J, Li H. A Five-lncRNAs Signature-Derived Risk Score Based on TCGA and CGGA for Glioblastoma: Potential Prospects for Treatment Evaluation and Prognostic Prediction. Front Oncol 2020; 10:590352. [PMID: 33392085 PMCID: PMC7773845 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.590352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating studies have confirmed the crucial role of long non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) as favorable biomarkers for cancer diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis prediction. In our recent study, we established a robust model which is based on multi-gene signature to predict the therapeutic efficacy and prognosis in glioblastoma (GBM), based on Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases. lncRNA-seq data of GBM from TCGA and CGGA datasets were used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) compared to normal brain tissues. The DEGs were then used for survival analysis by univariate and multivariate COX regression. Then we established a risk score model, depending on the gene signature of multiple survival-associated DEGs. Subsequently, Kaplan-Meier analysis was used for estimating the prognostic and predictive role of the model. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was applied to investigate the potential pathways associated to high-risk score by the R package “cluster profile” and Wiki-pathway. And five survival associated lncRNAs of GBM were identified: LNC01545, WDR11-AS1, NDUFA6-DT, FRY-AS1, TBX5-AS1. Then the risk score model was established and shows a desirable function for predicting overall survival (OS) in the GBM patients, which means the high-risk score significantly correlated with lower OS both in TCGA and CGGA cohort. GSEA showed that the high-risk score was enriched with PI3K-Akt, VEGFA-VEGFR2, TGF-beta, Notch, T-Cell pathways. Collectively, the five-lncRNAs signature-derived risk score presented satisfactory efficacies in predicting the therapeutic efficacy and prognosis in GBM and will be significant for guiding therapeutic strategies and research direction for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuegang Niu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin 4th Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiangnan Sun
- Department of Psychiatry, Characteristic Medical Center of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, China
| | - Lingyin Meng
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Fang
- Central Laboratory, Tianjin 4th Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Tongshuo Zhang
- Department of Laboratory, Jiangsu Provincial Corps Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jipeng Jiang
- Postgraduate School, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huanming Li
- Central Laboratory, Tianjin 4th Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
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High Throughput strategies Aimed at Closing the GAP in Our Knowledge of Rho GTPase Signaling. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061430. [PMID: 32526908 PMCID: PMC7348934 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Since their discovery, Rho GTPases have emerged as key regulators of cytoskeletal dynamics. In humans, there are 20 Rho GTPases and more than 150 regulators that belong to the RhoGEF, RhoGAP, and RhoGDI families. Throughout development, Rho GTPases choregraph a plethora of cellular processes essential for cellular migration, cell–cell junctions, and cell polarity assembly. Rho GTPases are also significant mediators of cancer cell invasion. Nevertheless, to date only a few molecules from these intricate signaling networks have been studied in depth, which has prevented appreciation for the full scope of Rho GTPases’ biological functions. Given the large complexity involved, system level studies are required to fully grasp the extent of their biological roles and regulation. Recently, several groups have tackled this challenge by using proteomic approaches to map the full repertoire of Rho GTPases and Rho regulators protein interactions. These studies have provided in-depth understanding of Rho regulators specificity and have contributed to expand Rho GTPases’ effector portfolio. Additionally, new roles for understudied family members were unraveled using high throughput screening strategies using cell culture models and mouse embryos. In this review, we highlight theses latest large-scale efforts, and we discuss the emerging opportunities that may lead to the next wave of discoveries.
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Sato M. Phenotypic screening using large-scale genomic libraries to identify drug targets for the treatment of cancer. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:3617-3626. [PMID: 32391087 PMCID: PMC7204489 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
During malignant progression to overt cancer cells, normal cells accumulate multiple genetic and non-genetic changes, which result in the acquisition of various oncogenic properties, such as uncontrolled proliferation, drug resistance, invasiveness, anoikis-resistance, the ability to bypass oncogene-induced senescence and cancer stemness. To identify potential novel drug targets contributing to these malignant phenotypes, researchers have performed large-scale genomic screening using various in vitro and in vivo screening models and identified numerous promising cancer drug target genes. However, there are issues with these identified genes, such as low reproducibility between different datasets. In the present study, the recent advances in the functional screening for identification of cancer drug target genes are summarized, and current issues and future perspectives are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuo Sato
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 461-8673, Japan
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Yan M, Sun L, Li J, Yu H, Lin H, Yu T, Zhao F, Zhu M, Liu L, Geng Q, Kong H, Pan H, Yao M. RNA-binding protein KHSRP promotes tumor growth and metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:478. [PMID: 31775888 PMCID: PMC6882349 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1479-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND KH-type splicing regulatory protein (KHSRP) plays an important role in cancer invasion, but the relevant mechanism is not well known. In the present study, we investigated the function and potential molecular mechanism of KHSRP in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) metastasis and elucidated its clinical significance. METHODS Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation and the SWATH™ approach were combined with nanoliquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis to identify metastasis-associated nucleoproteins in NSCLC. Real-time PCR and Western blot were used to screen for metastasis-associated candidate molecules. Gene knockdown and overexpression were used to investigate their functions and molecular mechanisms in lung cancer cells. Coimmunoprecipitation (Co-IP) experiments were performed to identify the interactions between candidate molecules and their interacting proteins. Gene expression and its association with multiple clinicopathologic characteristics were analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blot in human lung cancer specimens. RESULTS KHSRP was identified as a metastasis-associated candidate molecule. In NSCLC cell lines, knockdown of KHSRP significantly reduced lung cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro and in vivo, whereas overexpression of KHSRP did the opposite. Mechanistically, the protein heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C (C1/C2) (HNRNPC) was identified to interact with KHSRP using Co-IP experiments. In NSCLC cell lines, overexpression of HNRNPC significantly promoted lung cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro and in vivo. KHSRP and HNRNPC may induce human lung cancer cell invasion and metastasis by activating the IFN-α-JAK-STAT1 signaling pathway. Drastically higher expression levels of KHSRP and HNRNPC were observed in lung cancer tissues compared to those in adjacent noncancerous tissues. Increased KHSRP and HNRNPC expression was significantly associated with advanced tumor stages and metastasis (both lymph node and distant). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that patients with high KHSRP and HNRNPC expression levels were predicted to have the shortest survival times and to have a poor prognosis. CONCLUSIONS KHSRP plays an important role in NSCLC metastasis and may serve as a potential prognostic marker and novel therapeutic target for lung cancer metastasis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxia Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 25/2200, Xietu Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 25/2200, Xietu Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 25/2200, Xietu Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Huajian Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 25/2200, Xietu Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hechun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 25/2200, Xietu Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Fangyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 25/2200, Xietu Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Miaoxin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 25/2200, Xietu Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 25/2200, Xietu Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qin Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 25/2200, Xietu Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hanwei Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 25/2200, Xietu Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hongyu Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 25/2200, Xietu Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Ming Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 25/2200, Xietu Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Silva-Evangelista C, Barret E, Ménez V, Merlevede J, Kergrohen T, Saccasyn A, Oberlin E, Puget S, Beccaria K, Grill J, Castel D, Debily MA. A kinome-wide shRNA screen uncovers vaccinia-related kinase 3 (VRK3) as an essential gene for diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma survival. Oncogene 2019; 38:6479-6490. [DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0884-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Mohibi S, Chen X, Zhang J. Cancer the'RBP'eutics-RNA-binding proteins as therapeutic targets for cancer. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 203:107390. [PMID: 31302171 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play a critical role in the regulation of various RNA processes, including splicing, cleavage and polyadenylation, transport, translation and degradation of coding RNAs, non-coding RNAs and microRNAs. Recent studies indicate that RBPs not only play an instrumental role in normal cellular processes but have also emerged as major players in the development and spread of cancer. Herein, we review the current knowledge about RNA binding proteins and their role in tumorigenesis as well as the potential to target RBPs for cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakur Mohibi
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Veterinary Medicine and Medicine, University of California at Davis, United States
| | - Xinbin Chen
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Veterinary Medicine and Medicine, University of California at Davis, United States
| | - Jin Zhang
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Veterinary Medicine and Medicine, University of California at Davis, United States.
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12
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Liu W, Chou CF, Liu S, Crossman D, Yusuf N, Wu Y, Chen CY. KSRP modulates melanoma growth and efficacy of vemurafenib. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2019; 1862:759-770. [PMID: 31269460 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The majority of melanomas carry an oncogenic BRAF mutation (BRAFV600E), which results in constitutive kinase activity driving melanoma proliferation. While inhibitors of BRAFV600E (BRAFi) effectively lead to rapid tumor shrinkage, most patients treated with BRAFi develop acquired resistance. Identification of factors as regulators of melanoma growth and as potential sources of resistance is thus crucial for the design of improved therapies to treat advanced melanoma with more durable responses. Here, we show that KH-type splicing regulatory protein (KSRP) is critical for proliferation of melanoma cells without and with acquired resistance to vemurafenib. Silencing KSRP reduces cell proliferation and augments the growth suppressive effects of vemurafenib. We identify killin (KLLN), a p53-regulated DNA replication inhibitor, as a downstream effector of growth inhibition by KSRP silencing and demonstrate that KSRP promotes decay of KLLN mRNA through an RNA-protein interaction. Using heterologous mRNA reporters, we show that a U-rich element within the 3' untranslated region of KLLN is responsible for KSRP-dependent mRNA decay. These findings implicate that KSRP is an important regulator of melanoma cell growth in part through controlling KLLN mRNA stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Structured Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America
| | - Chu-Fang Chou
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America
| | - Shanrun Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America
| | - David Crossman
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America
| | - Nabiha Yusuf
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America
| | - Yunkun Wu
- Provincial University Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Response and Metabolic Regulation, College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350119, China.
| | - Ching-Yi Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America.
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13
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Masuda K, Kuwano Y. Diverse roles of RNA-binding proteins in cancer traits and their implications in gastrointestinal cancers. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2018; 10:e1520. [PMID: 30479000 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gene expression patterns in cancer cells are strongly influenced by posttranscriptional mechanisms. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play key roles in posttranscriptional gene regulation; they can interact with target mRNAs in a sequence- and structure-dependent manner, and determine cellular behavior by manipulating the processing of these mRNAs. Numerous RBPs are aberrantly deregulated in many human cancers and hence, affect the functioning of mRNAs that encode proteins, implicated in carcinogenesis. Here, we summarize the key roles of RBPs in posttranscriptional gene regulation, describe RBPs disrupted in cancer, and lastly focus on RBPs that are responsible for implementing cancer traits in the digestive tract. These evidences may reveal a potential link between changes in expression/function of RBPs and malignant transformation, and a framework for new insights and potential therapeutic applications. This article is categorized under: RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein-RNA Interactions: Functional Implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoshi Masuda
- Kawasaki Medical School at Kurashiki-City, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yuki Kuwano
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School at Tokushima-City, Tokushima, Japan
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14
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Tajadura-Ortega V, Garg R, Allen R, Owczarek C, Bright MD, Kean S, Mohd-Noor A, Grigoriadis A, Elston TC, Hahn KM, Ridley AJ. An RNAi screen of Rho signalling networks identifies RhoH as a regulator of Rac1 in prostate cancer cell migration. BMC Biol 2018; 16:29. [PMID: 29510700 PMCID: PMC5840776 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-018-0489-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell migration is essential for development and tissue repair, but it also contributes to disease. Rho GTPases regulate cell migration, but a comprehensive analysis of how each Rho signalling component affects migration has not been carried out. RESULTS Through an RNA interference screen, and using a prostate cancer cell line, we find that approximately 25% of Rho network components alter migration. Some genes enhance migration while others decrease basal and/or hepatocyte growth factor-stimulated migration. Surprisingly, we identify RhoH as a screen hit. RhoH expression is normally restricted to haematopoietic cells, but we find it is expressed in multiple epithelial cancer cell lines. High RhoH expression in samples from prostate cancer patients correlates with earlier relapse. RhoH depletion reduces cell speed and persistence and decreases migratory polarity. Rac1 activity normally localizes to the front of migrating cells at areas of dynamic membrane movement, but in RhoH-depleted cells active Rac1 is localised around the whole cell periphery and associated with membrane regions that are not extending or retracting. RhoH interacts with Rac1 and with several p21-activated kinases (PAKs), which are Rac effectors. Similar to RhoH depletion, PAK2 depletion increases cell spread area and reduces cell migration. In addition, RhoH depletion reduces lamellipodium extension induced by PAK2 overexpression. CONCLUSIONS We describe a novel role for RhoH in prostate cancer cell migration. We propose that RhoH promotes cell migration by coupling Rac1 activity and PAK2 to membrane protrusion. Our results also suggest that RhoH expression levels correlate with prostate cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Tajadura-Ortega
- Randall Centre of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Ritu Garg
- Randall Centre of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Richard Allen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Present address: Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Claudia Owczarek
- Randall Centre of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Michael D Bright
- Randall Centre of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
- Present address: Institute for Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Samuel Kean
- Randall Centre of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Aisyah Mohd-Noor
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Anita Grigoriadis
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Timothy C Elston
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Klaus M Hahn
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Anne J Ridley
- Randall Centre of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK.
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK.
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15
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Survival kinase genes present prognostic significance in glioblastoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:20140-51. [PMID: 26956052 PMCID: PMC4991443 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer biomarkers with a strong predictive power for diagnosis/prognosis and a potential to be therapeutic targets have not yet been fully established. Here we employed a loss-of-function screen in glioblastoma (GBM), an infiltrative brain tumor with a dismal prognosis, and identified 20 survival kinase genes (SKGs). Survival analyses using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets revealed that the expression of CDCP1, CDKL5, CSNK1E, IRAK3, LATS2, PRKAA1, STK3, TBRG4, and ULK4 stratified GBM prognosis with or without temozolomide (TMZ) treatment as a covariate. For the first time, we found that GBM patients with a high level of NEK9 and PIK3CB had a greater chance of having recurrent tumors. The expression of CDCP1, IGF2R, IRAK3, LATS2, PIK3CB, ULK4, or VRK1 in primary GBM tumors was associated with recurrence-related prognosis. Notably, the level of PIK3CB in recurrent tumors was much higher than that in newly diagnosed ones. Congruent with these results, genes in the PI3K/AKT pathway showed a significantly strong correlation with recurrence rate, further highlighting the pivotal role of PIK3CB in the disease progression. Importantly, 17 SKGs together presented a novel GBM prognostic signature. SKGs identified herein are associated with recurrence rate and present prognostic significance in GBM, thereby becoming attractive therapeutic targets.
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16
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Yuan H, Deng R, Zhao X, Chen R, Hou G, Zhang H, Wang Y, Xu M, Jiang B, Yu J. SUMO1 modification of KHSRP regulates tumorigenesis by preventing the TL-G-Rich miRNA biogenesis. Mol Cancer 2017; 16:157. [PMID: 29020972 PMCID: PMC5637259 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-017-0724-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators involved in diverse physiological and pathological processes including cancer. SUMO (small ubiquitin-like modifier) is a reversible protein modifier. We recently found that SUMOylation of TARBP2 and DGCR8 is involved in the regulation of the miRNA pathway. KHSRP is a single stranded nucleic acid binding protein with roles in transcription and mRNA decay, and it is also a component of the Drosha-DGCR8 complex promoting the miRNA biogenesis. Methods The in vivo SUMOylation assay using the Ni2+-NTA affinity pulldown or immunoprecipitation (IP) and the in vitro E.coli-based SUMOylation assay were used to analyze SUMOylation of KHSRP. Nuclear/Cytosol fractionation assay and immunofluorescent staining were used to observe the localization of KHSRP. High-throughput miRNA sequencing, quantantive RT-PCR and RNA immunoprecipitation assay (RIP) were employed to determine the effects of KHSRP SUMO1 modification on the miRNA biogenesis. The soft-agar colony formation, migration, vasculogenic mimicry (VM) and three-dimensional (3D) cell culture assays were performed to detect the phenotypes of tumor cells in vitro, and the xenograft tumor model in mice was conducted to verify that SUMO1 modification of KHSRP regulated tumorigenesis in vivo. Results KHSRP is modified by SUMO1 at the major site K87, and this modification can be increased upon the microenvironmental hypoxia while reduced by the treatment with growth factors. SUMO1 modification of KHSRP inhibits its interaction with the pri-miRNA/Drosha-DGCR8 complex and probably increases its translocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Consequently, SUMO1 modification of KHSRP impairs the processing step of pre-miRNAs from pri-miRNAs which especially harbor short G-rich stretches in their terminal loops (TL), resulting in the downregulation of a subset of TL-G-Rich miRNAs such as let-7 family and consequential tumorigenesis. Conclusions Our data demonstrate how the miRNA biogenesis pathway is connected to tumorigenesis and cancer progression through the reversible SUMO1 modification of KHSRP. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12943-017-0724-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihua Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 Mohe Road, Shanghai, 201999, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Rong Deng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xian Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ran Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Guofang Hou
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 Mohe Road, Shanghai, 201999, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Hailong Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yanli Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 Mohe Road, Shanghai, 201999, China
| | - Bin Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 Mohe Road, Shanghai, 201999, China.
| | - Jianxiu Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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17
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Fujita Y, Masuda K, Hamada J, Shoda K, Naruto T, Hamada S, Miyakami Y, Kohmoto T, Watanabe M, Takahashi R, Tange S, Saito M, Kudo Y, Fujiwara H, Ichikawa D, Tangoku A, Otsuji E, Imoto I. KH-type splicing regulatory protein is involved in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma progression. Oncotarget 2017; 8:101130-101145. [PMID: 29254151 PMCID: PMC5731861 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
KH-type splicing regulatory protein (KHSRP) is a multifunctional RNA-binding protein, which is involved in several post-transcriptional aspects of RNA metabolism, including microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis. It affects distinct cell functions in different tissues and can have an impact on various pathological conditions. In the present study, we investigated the oncogenic functions of KHSRP and their underlying mechanisms in the pathogenesis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). KHSRP expression levels were elevated in ESCC tumors when compared with those in non-tumorous tissues by immunohistochemistry, and cytoplasmic KHSRP overexpression was found to be an independent prognosticator for worse overall survival in a cohort of 104 patients with ESCC. KHSRP knockdown inhibited growth, migration, and invasion of ESCC cells. KHSRP knockdown also inhibited the maturation of cancer-associated miRNAs, such as miR-21, miR-130b, and miR-301, and induced the expression of their target mRNAs, such as BMP6, PDCD4, and TIMP3, resulting in the inhibition of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Our findings uncover a novel oncogenic function of KHSRP in esophageal tumorigenesis and implicate its use as a marker for prognostic evaluation and as a putative therapeutic target in ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Fujita
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.,Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Masuda
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Junichi Hamada
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.,Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Shoda
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.,Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takuya Naruto
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hamada
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yuko Miyakami
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kohmoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Miki Watanabe
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Rizu Takahashi
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Tange
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masako Saito
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yasusei Kudo
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Fujiwara
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ichikawa
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Akira Tangoku
- Department of Thoracic, Endocrine Surgery and Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Eigo Otsuji
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Issei Imoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
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18
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Pereira B, Billaud M, Almeida R. RNA-Binding Proteins in Cancer: Old Players and New Actors. Trends Cancer 2017; 3:506-528. [PMID: 28718405 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 459] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are key players in post-transcriptional events. The combination of versatility of their RNA-binding domains with structural flexibility enables RBPs to control the metabolism of a large array of transcripts. Perturbations in RBP-RNA networks activity have been causally associated with cancer development, but the rational framework describing these contributions remains fragmented. We review here the evidence that RBPs modulate multiple cancer traits, emphasize their functional diversity, and assess future trends in the study of RBPs in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Pereira
- i3S - Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Marc Billaud
- Clinical and Experimental Model of Lymphomagenesis, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité 1052, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Raquel Almeida
- i3S - Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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19
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KH-type splicing regulatory protein (KHSRP) contributes to tumorigenesis by promoting miR-26a maturation in small cell lung cancer. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 422:61-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2806-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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20
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Adamski V, Schmitt AD, Flüh C, Synowitz M, Hattermann K, Held-Feindt J. Isolation and Characterization of Fast-Migrating Human Glioma Cells in the Progression of Malignant Gliomas. Oncol Res 2016; 25:341-353. [PMID: 27641619 PMCID: PMC7841193 DOI: 10.3727/096504016x14737243054982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common primary brain tumors. The most malignant form, the glioblastoma multiforme (GBM; WHO IV), is characterized by an invasive phenotype, which enables the tumor cells to infiltrate into adjacent brain tissue. When investigating GBM migration and invasion properties in vitro, in most cases GBM cell lines were analyzed. Comprehensive investigations focusing on progression-dependent characteristics of migration processes using fresh human glioma samples of different malignancy grades do not exist. Thus, we isolated fast-migrating tumor cells from fresh human glioma samples of different malignancy grades (astrocytomas WHO grade II, grade III, GBM, and GBM recurrences) and characterized them with regard to the transcription of genes involved in the migration and invasion, tumor progression, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and stemness. In addition, we transferred our results to GBM cell lines and glioma stem-like cells and examined the influence of temozolomide on the expression of the above-mentioned genes in relation to migratory potential. Our results indicate that "evolutionary-like" expression alterations occur during glioma progression when comparing slow- and fast-migrating cells of fresh human gliomas. Furthermore, a close relation between migratory and stemness properties seems to be most likely. Variations in gene expression were also identified in GBM cell lines, not only when comparing fast- and slow-migrating cells but also regarding temozolomide-treated and untreated cells. Moreover, these differences coincided with the expression of stem cell markers and their migratory potential. Expression of migration-related genes in fast-migrating glioma cells is not only regulated in a progression-dependent manner, but these cells are also characterized by specific stem cell-like features.
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21
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Briata P, Bordo D, Puppo M, Gorlero F, Rossi M, Perrone-Bizzozero N, Gherzi R. Diverse roles of the nucleic acid-binding protein KHSRP in cell differentiation and disease. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2015; 7:227-40. [PMID: 26708421 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The single-stranded nucleic acid-binding protein KHSRP (KH-type splicing regulatory protein) modulates RNA life and gene expression at various levels. KHSRP controls important cellular functions as different as proliferation, differentiation, metabolism, and response to infectious agents. We summarize and discuss experimental evidence providing a potential link between changes in KHSRP expression/function and human diseases including neuromuscular disorders, obesity, type II diabetes, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Briata
- Gene Expression Regulation Laboratory, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genova, Italy
| | - Domenico Bordo
- Gene Expression Regulation Laboratory, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genova, Italy
| | - Margherita Puppo
- Gene Expression Regulation Laboratory, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genova, Italy
| | - Franco Gorlero
- S.C. Ginecologia e Ostetricia Galliera Hospital, Genova, Italy.,School of Medicine, DINOGMI, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Martina Rossi
- Gene Expression Regulation Laboratory, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genova, Italy
| | - Nora Perrone-Bizzozero
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Roberto Gherzi
- Gene Expression Regulation Laboratory, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genova, Italy
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22
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Tiedje C, Holtmann H, Gaestel M. The role of mammalian MAPK signaling in regulation of cytokine mRNA stability and translation. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2015; 34:220-32. [PMID: 24697200 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2013.0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular-regulated kinases and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases are activated in innate (and adaptive) immunity and signal via different routes to alter the stability and translation of various cytokine mRNAs, enabling immune cells to respond promptly. This regulation involves mRNA elements, such as AU-rich motifs, and mRNA-binding proteins, such as tristetraprolin (TTP), HuR, and hnRNPK-homology (KH) type splicing regulatory protein (KSRP). Signal-dependent phosphorylation of mRNA-binding proteins often alters their subcellular localization or RNA-binding affinity. Furthermore, it could lead to an altered interaction with other mRNA-binding proteins and altered scaffolding properties for mRNA-modifying enzymes, such as deadenylases, polyadenylases, decapping enzymes, poly(A) binding proteins, exo- or endonucleases, and proteins of the exosome machinery. In many cases, this results in unstable mRNAs being stabilized, with their translational arrest being released and cytokine production being stimulated. Hence, components of these mechanisms are potential targets for the modulation of the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Tiedje
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Hannover Medical School , Hannover, Germany
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Seo M, Lee S, Kim JH, Lee WH, Hu G, Elledge SJ, Suk K. RNAi-based functional selection identifies novel cell migration determinants dependent on PI3K and AKT pathways. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5217. [PMID: 25347953 PMCID: PMC6581447 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lentiviral short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated genetic screening is a powerful tool for identifying loss-of-function phenotype in mammalian cells. Here, we report the identification of 91 cell migration-regulating genes using unbiased genome-wide functional genetic selection. Individual knockdown or cDNA overexpression of a set of 10 candidates reveals that most of these cell migration determinants are strongly dependent on the PI3K/PTEN/AKT pathway and on their downstream signals, such as FOXO1 and p70S6K1. ALK, one of the cell migration promoting genes, uniquely uses p55γ regulatory subunit of PI3K, rather than more common p85 subunit, to trigger the activation of the PI3K-AKT pathway. Our method enables the rapid and cost-effective genome-wide selection of cell migration regulators. Our results emphasize the importance of the PI3K/PTEN/AKT pathway as a point of convergence for multiple regulators of cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minchul Seo
- 1] Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science &Engineering Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea [2] College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Shinrye Lee
- 1] Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science &Engineering Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea [2] Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Heon Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science &Engineering Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Ha Lee
- KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Guang Hu
- Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis, National Institute of Environmental Health and Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Stephen J Elledge
- Department of Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Kyoungho Suk
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science &Engineering Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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24
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Lee GY, Haverty PM, Li L, Kljavin NM, Bourgon R, Lee J, Stern H, Modrusan Z, Seshagiri S, Zhang Z, Davis D, Stokoe D, Settleman J, de Sauvage FJ, Neve RM. Comparative oncogenomics identifies PSMB4 and SHMT2 as potential cancer driver genes. Cancer Res 2014; 74:3114-26. [PMID: 24755469 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-2683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer genomes maintain a complex array of somatic alterations required for maintenance and progression of the disease, posing a challenge to identify driver genes among this genetic disorder. Toward this end, we mapped regions of recurrent amplification in a large collection (n=392) of primary human cancers and selected 620 genes whose expression is elevated in tumors. An RNAi loss-of-function screen targeting these genes across a panel of 32 cancer cell lines identified potential driver genes. Subsequent functional assays identified SHMT2, a key enzyme in the serine/glycine synthesis pathway, as necessary for tumor cell survival but insufficient for transformation. The 26S proteasomal subunit, PSMB4, was identified as the first proteasomal subunit with oncogenic properties promoting cancer cell survival and tumor growth in vivo. Elevated expression of SHMT2 and PSMB4 was found to be associated with poor prognosis in human cancer, supporting the development of molecular therapies targeting these genes or components of their pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genee Y Lee
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Discovery Oncology, Molecular Biology, Bioinformatics, Pathology, and Molecular Oncology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Peter M Haverty
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Discovery Oncology, Molecular Biology, Bioinformatics, Pathology, and Molecular Oncology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Li Li
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Discovery Oncology, Molecular Biology, Bioinformatics, Pathology, and Molecular Oncology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Noelyn M Kljavin
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Discovery Oncology, Molecular Biology, Bioinformatics, Pathology, and Molecular Oncology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Richard Bourgon
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Discovery Oncology, Molecular Biology, Bioinformatics, Pathology, and Molecular Oncology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - James Lee
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Discovery Oncology, Molecular Biology, Bioinformatics, Pathology, and Molecular Oncology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Howard Stern
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Discovery Oncology, Molecular Biology, Bioinformatics, Pathology, and Molecular Oncology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Zora Modrusan
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Discovery Oncology, Molecular Biology, Bioinformatics, Pathology, and Molecular Oncology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Somasekar Seshagiri
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Discovery Oncology, Molecular Biology, Bioinformatics, Pathology, and Molecular Oncology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Zemin Zhang
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Discovery Oncology, Molecular Biology, Bioinformatics, Pathology, and Molecular Oncology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - David Davis
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Discovery Oncology, Molecular Biology, Bioinformatics, Pathology, and Molecular Oncology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - David Stokoe
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Discovery Oncology, Molecular Biology, Bioinformatics, Pathology, and Molecular Oncology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Jeffrey Settleman
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Discovery Oncology, Molecular Biology, Bioinformatics, Pathology, and Molecular Oncology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Frederic J de Sauvage
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Discovery Oncology, Molecular Biology, Bioinformatics, Pathology, and Molecular Oncology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Richard M Neve
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Discovery Oncology, Molecular Biology, Bioinformatics, Pathology, and Molecular Oncology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
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