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Rick EM, Woolnough K, Richardson M, Monteiro W, Craner M, Bourne M, Cousins DJ, Swoboda I, Wardlaw AJ, Pashley CH. Identification of allergens from Aspergillus fumigatus-Potential association with lung damage in asthma. Allergy 2024; 79:1208-1218. [PMID: 38334146 DOI: 10.1111/all.16032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Component-resolved diagnosis allows detection of IgE sensitization having the advantage of reproducibility and standardization compared to crude extracts. The main disadvantage of the traditional allergen identification methods, 1- or 2-dimensional western blotting and screening of expression cDNA libraries with patients' IgEs, is that the native structure of the protein is not necessarily maintained. METHODS We used a novel immunoprecipitation technique in combination with mass spectrometry to identify new allergens of Aspergillus fumigatus. Magnetic Dynabeads coupled with anti-human IgE antibodies were used to purify human serum IgE and subsequently allergens from A. fumigatus protein extract. RESULTS Of the 184 proteins detected by subsequent mass peptide fingerprinting, a subset of 13 were recombinantly expressed and purified. In a panel of 52 A. fumigatus-sensitized people with asthma, 23 non-fungal-sensitized asthmatics and 18 healthy individuals, only the former showed an IgE reaction by immunoblotting and/or ELISA. We discovered 11 proteins not yet described as A. fumigatus allergens, with fructose-bisphosphate aldolase class II (FBA2) (33%), NAD-dependent malate dehydrogenase (31%) and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (27%) being the most prevalent. With respect to these three allergens, native versus denatured protein assays indicated a better recognition of the native proteins. Seven of 11 allergens fulfilled the WHO/IUIS criteria and were accepted as new A. fumigatus allergens. CONCLUSION In conclusion, we introduce a straightforward method of allergen identification from complex allergenic sources such as A. fumigatus by immunoprecipitation combined with mass spectrometry, which has the advantage over traditional methods of identifying allergens by maintaining the structure of the proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Maria Rick
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, Aerobiology and Mycology Group, Institute for Lung Health, Leicester Biomedical Research Centre - Respiratory, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Division of Clinical and Molecular Allergology, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Borstel Sulfeld, Germany
| | - Kerry Woolnough
- Department of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Leicester Biomedical Research Centre - Respiratory, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Matthew Richardson
- Department of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Leicester Biomedical Research Centre - Respiratory, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - William Monteiro
- Department of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Leicester Biomedical Research Centre - Respiratory, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Michelle Craner
- Department of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Leicester Biomedical Research Centre - Respiratory, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Michelle Bourne
- Department of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Leicester Biomedical Research Centre - Respiratory, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - David John Cousins
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, Aerobiology and Mycology Group, Institute for Lung Health, Leicester Biomedical Research Centre - Respiratory, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Ines Swoboda
- Competence Center for Molecular Biotechnology, Molecular Biotechnology Section, FH Campus Wien, University of Applied Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrew John Wardlaw
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, Aerobiology and Mycology Group, Institute for Lung Health, Leicester Biomedical Research Centre - Respiratory, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Department of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Leicester Biomedical Research Centre - Respiratory, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Catherine Helen Pashley
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, Aerobiology and Mycology Group, Institute for Lung Health, Leicester Biomedical Research Centre - Respiratory, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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Oliveira LT, Marcos CM, Cabral AKLF, Medina-Alarcón KP, Pires RH, Fusco-Almeida AM, Mendes-Giannini MJS. Paracoccidioides spp.: the structural characterization of extracellular matrix, expression of glucan synthesis and associated genes and adhesins during biofilm formation. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1354140. [PMID: 38516014 PMCID: PMC10955377 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1354140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The genus Paracoccidioides includes Paracoccidioides lutzii and the Paracoccidioides brasiliensis complex, which comprises four phylogenetic species. A key feature distinguishing planktonic growth from biofilm is the presence of a 3D extracellular matrix (ECM). Therefore, in this study, we analyzed biofilm formation in different species of Paracoccidioides yeast phase, characterized the structural elements of the matrix of P. brasiliensis (Pb18), P. lutzii (Pl01 and 8334) and P. restrepiensis (339 and 192) and evaluated the expression of glucan genes, according to the stage of biofilm evolution for P. brasiliensis. The strains were cultivated in planktonic and biofilm form for 24-144 h. The fungi biomass and metabolic activity were determined by crystal violet and tetrazolium salt reduction (XTT) tests and colony-forming unit (CFU) by plating. The biofilm structure was designed using scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy techniques. The extracellular matrix of P. brasiliensis and P. lutzii biofilms was extracted by sonication, and polysaccharides, proteins, and extracellular DNA (eDNA) were quantified. The RNA was extracted with the Trizol® reagent and quantified; then, the cDNA was synthesized to analyze the enolase expression, 14-3-3, FKS1, AGS1, GEL3, and KRE6 genes by real-time PCR. All strains of Paracoccidioides studied form a biofilm with more significant metabolic activity and biomass values in 144 h. The extracellular matrix of P. brasiliensis and P. lutzii had a higher content of polysaccharides in their composition, followed by proteins and eDNA in smaller quantities. The P. brasiliensis biofilm kinetics of formation showed greater expression of genes related to glucan's synthesis and its delivery to the external environment in addition adhesins during the biofilm's adhesion, initiation, and maturation. The GEL3 and enolase genes increased in expression within 24 h and during the biofilm maturation period, there was an increase in 14-3-3, AGS1, and FKS1. Furthermore, at 144 h, there was a decrease in KRE6 expression and an increase in GEL3. This study highlights the potential for biofilm formation for three species of Paracoccidioides and the main components of the extracellular matrix that can contribute to a better understanding of biofilm organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lariane Teodoro Oliveira
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Caroline Maria Marcos
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Ana Karla Lima Freire Cabral
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
- Laboratory of Medical Mycology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Amazonas-UFAM, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Kaila Petronila Medina-Alarcón
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Regina Helena Pires
- Laboratory of Mycology and Environmental Diagnosis, University of Franca, Franca, Brazil
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
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Arvizu-Rubio VJ, García-Carnero LC, Mora-Montes HM. Moonlighting proteins in medically relevant fungi. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14001. [PMID: 36117533 PMCID: PMC9480056 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Moonlighting proteins represent an intriguing area of cell biology, due to their ability to perform two or more unrelated functions in one or many cellular compartments. These proteins have been described in all kingdoms of life and are usually constitutively expressed and conserved proteins with housekeeping functions. Although widely studied in pathogenic bacteria, the information about these proteins in pathogenic fungi is scarce, but there are some reports of their functions in the etiological agents of the main human mycoses, such as Candida spp., Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, Histoplasma capsulatum, Aspergillus fumigatus, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Sporothrix schenckii. In these fungi, most of the described moonlighting proteins are metabolic enzymes, such as enolase and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; chaperones, transcription factors, and redox response proteins, such as peroxiredoxin and catalase, which moonlight at the cell surface and perform virulence-related processes, contributing to immune evasion, adhesions, invasion, and dissemination to host cells and tissues. All moonlighting proteins and their functions described in this review highlight the limited information about this biological aspect in pathogenic fungi, representing this a relevant opportunity area that will contribute to expanding our current knowledge of these organisms' pathogenesis.
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Barros BCSC, Almeida BR, Barros DTL, Toledo MS, Suzuki E. Respiratory Epithelial Cells: More Than Just a Physical Barrier to Fungal Infections. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8060548. [PMID: 35736031 PMCID: PMC9225092 DOI: 10.3390/jof8060548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The respiratory epithelium is highly complex, and its composition varies along the conducting airways and alveoli. In addition to their primary function in maintaining the respiratory barrier and lung homeostasis for gas exchange, epithelial cells interact with inhaled pathogens, which can manipulate cell signaling pathways, promoting adhesion to these cells or hosting tissue invasion. Moreover, pathogens (or their products) can induce the secretion of chemokines and cytokines by epithelial cells, and in this way, these host cells communicate with the immune system, modulating host defenses and inflammatory outcomes. This review will focus on the response of respiratory epithelial cells to two human fungal pathogens that cause systemic mycoses: Aspergillus and Paracoccidioides. Some of the host epithelial cell receptors and signaling pathways, in addition to fungal adhesins or other molecules that are responsible for fungal adhesion, invasion, or induction of cytokine secretion will be addressed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca C. S. C. Barros
- Laboratory of Applied Toxinology, Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS), Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, SP, Brazil;
| | - Bruna R. Almeida
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Ed. Antonio C. M. Paiva, São Paulo 04023-062, SP, Brazil; (B.R.A.); (D.T.L.B.)
| | - Debora T. L. Barros
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Ed. Antonio C. M. Paiva, São Paulo 04023-062, SP, Brazil; (B.R.A.); (D.T.L.B.)
| | - Marcos S. Toledo
- Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Ed. Leal Prado, São Paulo 04023-062, SP, Brazil;
| | - Erika Suzuki
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Ed. Antonio C. M. Paiva, São Paulo 04023-062, SP, Brazil; (B.R.A.); (D.T.L.B.)
- Correspondence:
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5
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Assolini JP, Lenhard-Vidal A, Bredt CSDO, Tano ZN, Sano A, Cezar-Dos-Santos F, Ono MA, Itano EN. Distinct Pattern of Paracoccidioides lutzii, P. restrepiensis and P. americana Antigens Recognized by IgE in Human Paracoccidioidomycosis. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:2608-2614. [PMID: 33983482 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02508-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is caused by the fungi Paracoccidioides spp. The main antigens recognized by IgE are known for P. brasiliensis species complex, but not for P. lutzii. Current research investigated the major P. lutzii (LDR2) antigens recognized by IgE, in comparison to P. restrepiensis and P. americana (former P. brasiliensis species complex), besides IgG recognition. Cell-free antigens (CFA) from P. lutzii (LDR2), P. restrepiensis (B339) and P. americana (LDR3) were analyzed by ELISA and immunoblotting (IB) by detecting specific IgG and IgE from sera from patients with PCM presumable by P. brasiliensis species complex (n = 24). Additionally, somatic antigen (SA) was analyzed by IB. P. lutzii (LDR2) antigens showed significantly lower reactivity than P. restrepiensis (B339) and P. americana (LDR3) in ELISA for both IgE and IgG (p < 0.05). The IgE-IB pattern was different between P. lutzii (LDR2) and the other species, regarding components with ~30 kDa and ~70 kDa in CFA and a ~200 kDa in SA. P. lutzii (LDR2) present at least three antigens recognized by IgE which mainly differ from P. restrepiensis (B339) and, to a lesser extent, from P. americana (LDR3). Current research evidenced for the first time the major P. lutzii (LDR2) antigens recognized by IgE.
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Affiliation(s)
- João P Assolini
- State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil. .,Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, CCB, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Campus Universitário, Londrina, PR, 86051-970, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | - Ayako Sano
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | | | - Mario A Ono
- State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Eiko N Itano
- State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil. .,Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, CCB, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Campus Universitário, Londrina, PR, 86051-970, Brazil.
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6
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Scorzoni L, Alves de Paula e Silva AC, de Oliveira HC, Tavares dos Santos C, de Lacorte Singulani J, Akemi Assato P, Maria Marcos C, Teodoro Oliveira L, Ferreira Fregonezi N, Rossi DCP, Buffoni Roque da Silva L, Pelleschi Taborda C, Fusco-Almeida AM, Soares Mendes-Giannini MJ. In Vitro and In Vivo Effect of Peptides Derived from 14-3-3 Paracoccidioides spp. Protein. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7010052. [PMID: 33451062 PMCID: PMC7828505 DOI: 10.3390/jof7010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a chronic disease that causes sequelae and requires prolonged treatment; therefore, new therapeutic approaches are necessary. In view of this, three peptides from Paracoccidioides brasiliensis 14-3-3 protein were selected based on its immunogenicity and therapeutic potential. Methods: The in vitro antifungal activity and cytotoxicity of the 14-3-3 peptides were evaluated. The influence of the peptides in immunological and survival aspects was evaluated in vivo, using Galleria mellonella and the expression of antimicrobial peptide genes in Caenorhabditis elegans. Results: None of the peptides were toxic to HaCaT (skin keratinocyte), MRC-5 (lung fibroblast), and A549 (pneumocyte) cell lines, and only P1 exhibited antifungal activity against Paracoccidioides spp. The peptides could induce an immune response in G. mellonella. Moreover, the peptides caused a delay in the death of Paracoccidioides spp. infected larvae. Regarding C. elegans, the three peptides were able to increase the expression of the antimicrobial peptides. These peptides had essential effects on different aspects of Paracoccidioides spp. infection showing potential for a therapeutic vaccine. Future studies using mammalian methods are necessary to validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Scorzoni
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil; (L.S.); (A.C.A.d.P.eS.); (H.C.d.O.); (C.T.d.S.); (J.d.L.S.); (P.A.A.); (C.M.M.); (L.T.O.); (N.F.F.); (A.M.F.-A.)
| | - Ana Carolina Alves de Paula e Silva
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil; (L.S.); (A.C.A.d.P.eS.); (H.C.d.O.); (C.T.d.S.); (J.d.L.S.); (P.A.A.); (C.M.M.); (L.T.O.); (N.F.F.); (A.M.F.-A.)
| | - Haroldo Cesar de Oliveira
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil; (L.S.); (A.C.A.d.P.eS.); (H.C.d.O.); (C.T.d.S.); (J.d.L.S.); (P.A.A.); (C.M.M.); (L.T.O.); (N.F.F.); (A.M.F.-A.)
| | - Claudia Tavares dos Santos
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil; (L.S.); (A.C.A.d.P.eS.); (H.C.d.O.); (C.T.d.S.); (J.d.L.S.); (P.A.A.); (C.M.M.); (L.T.O.); (N.F.F.); (A.M.F.-A.)
| | - Junya de Lacorte Singulani
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil; (L.S.); (A.C.A.d.P.eS.); (H.C.d.O.); (C.T.d.S.); (J.d.L.S.); (P.A.A.); (C.M.M.); (L.T.O.); (N.F.F.); (A.M.F.-A.)
| | - Patricia Akemi Assato
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil; (L.S.); (A.C.A.d.P.eS.); (H.C.d.O.); (C.T.d.S.); (J.d.L.S.); (P.A.A.); (C.M.M.); (L.T.O.); (N.F.F.); (A.M.F.-A.)
| | - Caroline Maria Marcos
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil; (L.S.); (A.C.A.d.P.eS.); (H.C.d.O.); (C.T.d.S.); (J.d.L.S.); (P.A.A.); (C.M.M.); (L.T.O.); (N.F.F.); (A.M.F.-A.)
| | - Lariane Teodoro Oliveira
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil; (L.S.); (A.C.A.d.P.eS.); (H.C.d.O.); (C.T.d.S.); (J.d.L.S.); (P.A.A.); (C.M.M.); (L.T.O.); (N.F.F.); (A.M.F.-A.)
| | - Nathália Ferreira Fregonezi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil; (L.S.); (A.C.A.d.P.eS.); (H.C.d.O.); (C.T.d.S.); (J.d.L.S.); (P.A.A.); (C.M.M.); (L.T.O.); (N.F.F.); (A.M.F.-A.)
| | - Diego Conrado Pereira Rossi
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (D.C.P.R.); (L.B.R.d.S.); (C.P.T.)
| | - Leandro Buffoni Roque da Silva
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (D.C.P.R.); (L.B.R.d.S.); (C.P.T.)
| | - Carlos Pelleschi Taborda
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (D.C.P.R.); (L.B.R.d.S.); (C.P.T.)
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil; (L.S.); (A.C.A.d.P.eS.); (H.C.d.O.); (C.T.d.S.); (J.d.L.S.); (P.A.A.); (C.M.M.); (L.T.O.); (N.F.F.); (A.M.F.-A.)
| | - Maria José Soares Mendes-Giannini
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil; (L.S.); (A.C.A.d.P.eS.); (H.C.d.O.); (C.T.d.S.); (J.d.L.S.); (P.A.A.); (C.M.M.); (L.T.O.); (N.F.F.); (A.M.F.-A.)
- Correspondence:
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Rodrigues AM, Kubitschek-Barreira PH, Pinheiro BG, Teixeira-Ferreira A, Hahn RC, de Camargo ZP. Immunoproteomic Analysis Reveals Novel Candidate Antigens for the Diagnosis of Paracoccidioidomycosis Due to Paracoccidioides lutzii. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:jof6040357. [PMID: 33322269 PMCID: PMC7770604 DOI: 10.3390/jof6040357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a life-threatening systemic infection caused by the fungal pathogen Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and related species. Whole-genome sequencing and stage-specific proteomic analysis of Paracoccidioides offer the opportunity to profile humoral immune responses against P. lutzii and P. brasiliensis s. str. infection using innovative screening approaches. Here, an immunoproteomic approach was used to identify PCM-associated antigens that elicit immune responses by combining 2-D electrophoresis of P. lutzii and P. brasiliensis proteomes, immunological detection using a gold-standard serum, and mass spectrometry analysis. A total of 16 and 25 highly immunoreactive proteins were identified in P. lutzii and P. brasiliensis, respectively, and 29 were shown to be the novel antigens for Paracoccidioides species, including seven uncharacterized proteins. Among the panel of proteins identified, most are involved in metabolic pathways, carbon metabolism, and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in both immunoproteomes. Remarkably, six isoforms of the surface-associated enolase in the range of 54 kDa were identified as the major antigens in human PCM due to P. lutzii. These novel immunoproteomes of Paracoccidioides will be employed to develop a sensitive and affordable point-of-care diagnostic assay and an effective vaccine to identify infected hosts and prevent infection and development of human PCM. These findings provide a unique opportunity for the refinement of diagnostic tools of this important neglected systemic mycosis, which is usually associated with poverty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson Messias Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Emerging Fungal Pathogens, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Discipline of Cellular Biology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023062, Brazil;
- Correspondence: (A.M.R.); (Z.P.d.C.); Tel.: +55-1155764551 (ext. 1540) (A.M.R.); +55-1155764551 (ext. 1512) (Z.P.d.C.)
| | - Paula Helena Kubitschek-Barreira
- Department of Cellular Biology, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro 20511010, Brazil;
| | - Breno Gonçalves Pinheiro
- Laboratory of Emerging Fungal Pathogens, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Discipline of Cellular Biology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023062, Brazil;
| | - André Teixeira-Ferreira
- Toxinology Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Pharmacodynamics, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040900, Brazil;
| | - Rosane Christine Hahn
- Laboratory of Mycology/Research, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá 78060900, Brazil;
- Júlio Muller University Hospital, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá 78048902, Brazil
| | - Zoilo Pires de Camargo
- Laboratory of Emerging Fungal Pathogens, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Discipline of Cellular Biology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023062, Brazil;
- Department of Medicine, Discipline of Infectious Diseases, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023062, Brazil
- Correspondence: (A.M.R.); (Z.P.d.C.); Tel.: +55-1155764551 (ext. 1540) (A.M.R.); +55-1155764551 (ext. 1512) (Z.P.d.C.)
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8
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Marcos CM, de Oliveira HC, Assato PA, de Andrade CR, Fusco-Almeida AM, Mendes-Giannini MJS. Paracoccidioides brasiliensis 14-3-3 protein is important for virulence in a murine model. Med Mycol 2020; 57:900-904. [PMID: 30476159 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myy112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Paracoccidioides brasiliensis strain downregulated the expression of adhesin Pb14-3-3 (Pb14-3-3 aRNA) was evaluated in a murine model of paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM). Pb14-3-3 aRNA displays attenuated virulence and triggered the formation of fewer granulomas by lowering the fungal burden in the lungs. Additionally, the Pb14-3-3 aRNA showed more elongated yeast cells and less ability to induce pneumocytes apoptosis in vitro. Our results show that 14-3-3 is an important virulence factor in P. brasiliensis-induced pulmonary infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Maria Marcos
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Campus Araraquara, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clinica, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Haroldo Cesar de Oliveira
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Campus Araraquara, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clinica, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Patricia Akemi Assato
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Campus Araraquara, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clinica, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Cleverton Roberto de Andrade
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Odontologia de Araraquara, Departamento de Fisiologia e Patologia, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Campus Araraquara, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clinica, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Maria José Soares Mendes-Giannini
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Campus Araraquara, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clinica, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
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9
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Singulani JL, Scorzoni L, de Oliveira HC, Marcos CM, Assato PA, Fusco-Almeida AM, Mendes-Giannini MJS. Applications of Invertebrate Animal Models to Dimorphic Fungal Infections. J Fungi (Basel) 2018; 4:jof4040118. [PMID: 30347646 PMCID: PMC6308930 DOI: 10.3390/jof4040118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dimorphic fungi can be found in the yeast form during infection and as hyphae in the environment and are responsible for a large number of infections worldwide. Invertebrate animals have been shown to be convenient models in the study of fungal infections. These models have the advantages of being low cost, have no ethical issues, and an ease of experimentation, time-efficiency, and the possibility of using a large number of animals per experiment compared to mammalian models. Invertebrate animal models such as Galleria mellonella, Caenorhabditis elegans, and Acanthamoebacastellanii have been used to study dimorphic fungal infections in the context of virulence, innate immune response, and the efficacy and toxicity of antifungal agents. In this review, we first summarize the features of these models. In this aspect, the growth temperature, genome sequence, availability of different strains, and body characteristics should be considered in the model choice. Finally, we discuss the contribution and advances of these models, with respect to dimorphic fungi Paracoccidioides spp., Histoplasma capsulatum, Blastomyces dermatitidis, Sporothrix spp., and Talaromyces marneffei (Penicillium marneffei).
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya L Singulani
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil.
| | - Liliana Scorzoni
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil.
| | - Haroldo C de Oliveira
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil.
| | - Caroline M Marcos
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil.
| | - Patricia A Assato
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil.
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil.
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10
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Scorzoni L, de Paula E Silva ACA, de Oliveira HC, Marcos CM, Singulani JDL, Fusco-Almeida AM, Mendes-Giannini MJS. Can passage in Galleria mellonella activate virulence factors of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis as in the murine model? Med Mycol 2018. [PMID: 28637229 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myx045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a fungal disease restricted to Latin countries, and its etiologic agents derive from the Paracoccidioides genus. Attenuation or loss of virulence in Paracoccidioides spp. following successive subculturing has been described. However, virulence can be recovered by passage in mammalian host. In this study, the recovery of adhesion of P. brasiliensis through passage in mice was compared to that in the insect Galleria mellonella. Analysis of in vitro fungal-host cell interaction, gene expression of adhesins, and analysis of the survival curves revealed that Galleria mellonella is useful for the reactivation of P. brasiliensis adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Scorzoni
- Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Araraquara, Brasil
| | - Ana Carolina Alves de Paula E Silva
- Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Araraquara, Brasil
| | - Haroldo Cesar de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Araraquara, Brasil
| | - Caroline Maria Marcos
- Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Araraquara, Brasil
| | - Junya de Lacorte Singulani
- Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Araraquara, Brasil
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Araraquara, Brasil
| | - Maria José Soares Mendes-Giannini
- Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Araraquara, Brasil
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11
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Mendes RP, Cavalcante RDS, Marques SA, Marques MEA, Venturini J, Sylvestre TF, Paniago AMM, Pereira AC, da Silva JDF, Fabro AT, Bosco SDMG, Bagagli E, Hahn RC, Levorato AD. Paracoccidioidomycosis: Current Perspectives from Brazil. Open Microbiol J 2017; 11:224-282. [PMID: 29204222 PMCID: PMC5695158 DOI: 10.2174/1874285801711010224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This review article summarizes and updates the knowledge on paracoccidioidomycosis. P lutzii and the cryptic species of P. brasiliensis and their geographical distribution in Latin America, explaining the difficulties observed in the serological diagnosis. OBJECTIVES Emphasis has been placed on some genetic factors as predisposing condition for paracoccidioidomycosis. Veterinary aspects were focused, showing the wide distribution of infection among animals. The cell-mediated immunity was better characterized, incorporating the recent findings. METHODS Serological methods for diagnosis were also compared for their parameters of accuracy, including the analysis of relapse. RESULTS Clinical forms have been better classified in order to include the pictures less frequently observesiod. CONCLUSION Itraconazole and the trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole combination was compared regarding efficacy, effectiveness and safety, demonstrating that azole should be the first choice in the treatment of paracoccidioidomycosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinaldo Poncio Mendes
- Department of Tropical Diseases, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu – São Paulo State University – UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo de Souza Cavalcante
- Department of Tropical Diseases, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu – São Paulo State University – UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sílvio Alencar Marques
- Department of Dermatology, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu – São Paulo State University – UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - James Venturini
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, São Paulo State University – UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Fernanda Sylvestre
- Department of Tropical Diseases, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu – São Paulo State University – UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anamaria Mello Miranda Paniago
- Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculdade de Medicina – Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul – UFMS, Brazil
| | | | - Julhiany de Fátima da Silva
- Department of Tropical Diseases, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu – São Paulo State University – UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Todorovic Fabro
- Unit of Experimental Research, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu – São Paulo State University – UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra de Moraes Gimenes Bosco
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology – Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu – São Paulo State University – UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Bagagli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology – Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu – São Paulo State University – UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosane Christine Hahn
- Laboratory of Investigation and Mycology, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Faculty of Medicine Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Adriele Dandara Levorato
- Department of Tropical Diseases, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu – São Paulo State University – UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil
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12
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Camacho E, Niño-Vega GA. Paracoccidioides Spp.: Virulence Factors and Immune-Evasion Strategies. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:5313691. [PMID: 28553014 PMCID: PMC5434249 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5313691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Paracoccidioides spp. are dimorphic fungal pathogens responsible for one of the most relevant systemic mycoses in Latin America, paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM). Their exact ecological niche remains unknown; however, they have been isolated from soil samples and armadillos (Dasypus novemcinctus), which have been proposed as animal reservoir for these fungi. Human infection occurs by inhalation of conidia or mycelia fragments and is mostly associated with immunocompetent hosts inhabiting and/or working in endemic rural areas. In this review focusing on the pathogen perspective, we will discuss some of the microbial attributes and molecular mechanisms that enable Paracoccidioides spp. to tolerate, adapt, and ultimately avoid the host immune response, establishing infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Camacho
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunobiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gustavo A. Niño-Vega
- Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, GTO, Mexico
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13
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Marcos CM, de Oliveira HC, da Silva JDF, Assato PA, Yamazaki DS, da Silva RAM, Santos CT, Santos-Filho NA, Portuondo DL, Mendes-Giannini MJS, Fusco-Almeida AM. Identification and characterisation of elongation factor Tu, a novel protein involved in Paracoccidioides brasiliensis-host interaction. FEMS Yeast Res 2016; 16:fow079. [PMID: 27634774 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/fow079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Paracoccidioides spp., which are temperature-dependent dimorphic fungi, are responsible for the most prevalent human systemic mycosis in Latin America, the paracoccidioidomycosis. The aim of this study was to characterise the involvement of elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu) in Paracoccidioides brasiliensis-host interaction. Adhesive properties were examined using recombinant PbEF-Tu proteins and the respective polyclonal anti-rPbEF-Tu antibody. Immunogold analysis demonstrated the surface location of EF-Tu in P. brasiliensis. Moreover, PbEF-Tu was found to bind to fibronectin and plasminogen by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and it was determined that the binding to plasminogen is at least partly dependent on lysine residues and ionic interactions. To verify the participation of EF-Tu in the interaction of P. brasiliensis with pneumocytes, we blocked the respective protein with an anti-rPbEF-Tu antibody and evaluated the consequences on the interaction index by flow cytometry. During the interaction, we observed a decrease of 2- and 3-fold at 8 and 24 h, respectively, suggesting the contribution of EF-Tu in fungal adhesion/invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Maria Marcos
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Haroldo Cesar de Oliveira
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Julhiany de Fátima da Silva
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Patricia Akemi Assato
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Daniella Sayuri Yamazaki
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Rosângela Aparecida Moraes da Silva
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Cláudia Tavares Santos
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Norival Alves Santos-Filho
- Instituto de Química, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Bioquímica e Tecnologia Química, Unidade de Síntese, Estrutura e Caracterização de Peptídeos e Proteínas, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Deivys Leandro Portuondo
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacéuticas, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Imunologia Clínica, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Maria José Soares Mendes-Giannini
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
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14
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Weidner JM, Kanatani S, Uchtenhagen H, Varas-Godoy M, Schulte T, Engelberg K, Gubbels MJ, Sun HS, Harrison RE, Achour A, Barragan A. Migratory activation of parasitized dendritic cells by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii 14-3-3 protein. Cell Microbiol 2016; 18:1537-1550. [PMID: 27018989 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The obligate intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii exploits cells of the immune system to disseminate. Upon infection, parasitized dendritic cells (DCs) and microglia exhibit a hypermigratory phenotype in vitro that has been associated with enhancing parasite dissemination in vivo in mice. One unresolved question is how parasites commandeer parasitized cells to achieve systemic dissemination by a 'Trojan-horse' mechanism. By chromatography and mass spectrometry analyses, we identified an orthologue of the 14-3-3 protein family, T. gondii 14-3-3 (Tg14-3-3), as mediator of DC hypermotility. We demonstrate that parasite-derived polypeptide fractions enriched for Tg14-3-3 or recombinant Tg14-3-3 are sufficient to induce the hypermotile phenotype when introduced by protein transfection into murine DCs, human DCs or microglia. Further, gene transfer of Tg14-3-3 by lentiviral transduction induced hypermotility in primary human DCs. In parasites expressing Tg14-3-3 in a ligand-regulatable fashion, overexpression of Tg14-3-3 was correlated with induction of hypermotility in parasitized DCs. Localization studies in infected DCs identified Tg14-3-3 within the parasitophorous vacuolar space and a rapid recruitment of host cell 14-3-3 to the parasitophorous vacuole membrane. The present work identifies a determinant role for Tg14-3-3 in the induction of the migratory activation of immune cells by T. gondii. Collectively, the findings reveal Tg14-3-3 as a novel target for an intracellular pathogen that acts by hijacking the host cell's migratory properties to disseminate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Weidner
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 106 09, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, 141 86, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sachie Kanatani
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 106 09, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, 141 86, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hannes Uchtenhagen
- Science for Life Laboratories, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, and Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, SE-17176, Sweden
| | - Manuel Varas-Godoy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, 755000, Santiago, Chile
| | - Tim Schulte
- Science for Life Laboratories, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, and Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, SE-17176, Sweden
| | - Klemens Engelberg
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
| | - Marc-Jan Gubbels
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
| | - He Song Sun
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Rene E Harrison
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Adnane Achour
- Science for Life Laboratories, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, and Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, SE-17176, Sweden
| | - Antonio Barragan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 106 09, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, 141 86, Stockholm, Sweden.
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15
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Immune Response Induced by an Immunodominant 60 kDa Glycoprotein of the Cell Wall of Sporothrix schenckii in Two Mice Strains with Experimental Sporotrichosis. J Immunol Res 2016; 2016:6525831. [PMID: 27051673 PMCID: PMC4808653 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6525831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell wall (CW) components of fungus Sporothrix schenckii are the major inductors antigens of immune responses. The immunodominant 60 kDa glycoprotein (gp60) has been shown to be associated with the virulence of this fungus but its role in experimental sporotrichosis is unknown. In this work, the immunological effects of CW-purified gp60 were investigated in a model of experimental subcutaneous sporotrichosis in normal and gp60-preimmunized C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice strains which were then infected with S. schenckii conidia. Results showed that both mice strains use different cytokine profiles in order to fight S. schenckii infection; C57BL/6 mice seem to use a Th17 response while BALB/c mice tend to depend on a Th1 profile. Preimmunization with gp60 showed a downregulatory effect on the immune response since cytokines levels were diminished in both strains. There were no significant differences in the magnitude of dorsoplantar inflammation between gp60-preimmunized and nonimmunized mice of both strains. However, skin lesions due to the infection in gp60-preimmunized mice were more severe in BALB/c than in C57BL/6 mice, suggesting that the antigen exerts a higher downregulatory effect on the Th1 response.
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16
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Garcia-Rodas R, Nosanchuk JD. Effects of silencing 14-3-3 protein in Paracoccidiodes brasiliensis infection. Virulence 2016; 7:68-9. [PMID: 26751188 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2015.1137423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rocio Garcia-Rodas
- a Institute of Biology Valrose (iBV) ; UMR CNRS7277 - INSERM1091 - University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis ; Nice , France
| | - Joshua D Nosanchuk
- b Department of Microbiology & Immunology ; Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Jack and Pearl Resnick Campus ; Bronx , NY USA
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17
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Haonon O, Rucksaken R, Pinlaor P, Pairojkul C, Chamgramol Y, Intuyod K, Onsurathum S, Khuntikeo N, Pinlaor S. Upregulation of 14-3-3 eta in chronic liver fluke infection is a potential diagnostic marker of cholangiocarcinoma. Proteomics Clin Appl 2015; 10:248-56. [PMID: 26435198 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201500019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To discover protein markers in chronic/advanced opisthorchiasis for the early detection of Opisthorchis viverrini (OV)-associated cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Liver tissues derived from normal hamsters and those with chronic/advanced opisthorchiasis (n = 5 per group) were subjected to 2DE and LC-MS/MS. Candidate protein expression was confirmed in hamster models and human CCA tissue microarray (TMA) using immunohistochemistry and Western blot. RESULT Proteomics analysis detected 14-3-3 eta only in infected hamsters, not in uninfected controls. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis confirmed low expression of 14-3-3 eta in normal hamster livers and demonstrated increased expression through time in infected livers. This protein was also observed in parasite organs, especially during the chronic phase of opisthorchiasis. Moreover, increased expression of 14-3-3 eta, relative to normal hamster livers, was observed during the early stage of CCA induced by OV infection and administration of N-nitrosodimethylamine. Immunohistochemical analysis of human TMA revealed that 14-3-3 eta was highly expressed in CCA (84.23%, 187/222 cases) but was not found in hepatocellular carcinoma or healthy liver tissues. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE 14-3-3 eta protein has potential as a screening and early diagnostic marker for CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ornuma Haonon
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Rucksak Rucksaken
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Porntip Pinlaor
- Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Centre for Research and Development in Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Chawalit Pairojkul
- Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Yaovalux Chamgramol
- Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Kitti Intuyod
- Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Biomedical Science Program, Graduate School, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sudarat Onsurathum
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Narong Khuntikeo
- Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Somchai Pinlaor
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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18
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Marcos CM, da Silva JDF, de Oliveira HC, Assato PA, Singulani JDL, Lopez AM, Tamayo DP, Hernandez-Ruiz O, McEwen JG, Mendes-Giannini MJS, Fusco-Almeida AM. Decreased expression of 14-3-3 in Paracoccidioides brasiliensis confirms its involvement in fungal pathogenesis. Virulence 2015; 7:72-84. [PMID: 26646480 PMCID: PMC4994830 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2015.1122166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between the fungal pathogen Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and host cells is usually mediated by specific binding events between adhesins on the fungal surface and receptors on the host extracellular matrix or cell surface. One molecule implicated in the P. brasiliensis-host interaction is the 14-3-3 protein. The 14-3-3 protein belongs to a family of conserved regulatory molecules that are expressed in all eukaryotic cells and are involved in diverse cellular functions. Here, we investigated the relevance of the 14-3-3 protein to the virulence of P. brasiliensis. Using antisense RNA technology and Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation, we generated a 14-3-3-silenced strain (expression reduced by ˜55%). This strain allowed us to investigate the interaction between 14-3-3 and the host and to correlate the functions of P. brasiliensis 14-3-3 with cellular features, such as morphological characteristics and virulence, that are important for pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Maria Marcos
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara; UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista; Departamento de Análises Clínicas; Laboratório de Micologia Clínica; Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julhiany de Fátima da Silva
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara; UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista; Departamento de Análises Clínicas; Laboratório de Micologia Clínica; Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Haroldo Cesar de Oliveira
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara; UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista; Departamento de Análises Clínicas; Laboratório de Micologia Clínica; Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Akemi Assato
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara; UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista; Departamento de Análises Clínicas; Laboratório de Micologia Clínica; Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Junya de Lacorte Singulani
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara; UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista; Departamento de Análises Clínicas; Laboratório de Micologia Clínica; Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Angela Maria Lopez
- Unidad de Biología Celular y Molecular; Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB) - Medellín, Colombia
| | - Diana Patricia Tamayo
- Unidad de Biología Celular y Molecular; Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB) - Medellín, Colombia
| | - Orville Hernandez-Ruiz
- Unidad de Biología Celular y Molecular; Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB) - Medellín, Colombia
- Escuela de Microbiología; Universidad de Antioquia; Medellín, Colombia
| | - Juan G McEwen
- Unidad de Biología Celular y Molecular; Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB) - Medellín, Colombia
- Facultad de Medicina; Universidad de Antioquia; Medellín, Colombia
| | - Maria José Soares Mendes-Giannini
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara; UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista; Departamento de Análises Clínicas; Laboratório de Micologia Clínica; Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara; UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista; Departamento de Análises Clínicas; Laboratório de Micologia Clínica; Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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de Oliveira HC, Assato PA, Marcos CM, Scorzoni L, de Paula E Silva ACA, Da Silva JDF, Singulani JDL, Alarcon KM, Fusco-Almeida AM, Mendes-Giannini MJS. Paracoccidioides-host Interaction: An Overview on Recent Advances in the Paracoccidioidomycosis. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1319. [PMID: 26635779 PMCID: PMC4658449 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and P. lutzii are etiologic agents of paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), an important endemic mycosis in Latin America. During its evolution, these fungi have developed characteristics and mechanisms that allow their growth in adverse conditions within their host through which they efficiently cause disease. This process is multi-factorial and involves host-pathogen interactions (adaptation, adhesion, and invasion), as well as fungal virulence and host immune response. In this review, we demonstrated the glycoproteins and polysaccharides network, which composes the cell wall of Paracoccidioides spp. These are important for the change of conidia or mycelial (26°C) to parasitic yeast (37°C). The morphological switch, a mechanism for the pathogen to adapt and thrive inside the host, is obligatory for the establishment of the infection and seems to be related to pathogenicity. For these fungi, one of the most important steps during the interaction with the host is the adhesion. Cell surface proteins called adhesins, responsible for the first contact with host cells, contribute to host colonization and invasion by mediating this process. These fungi also present the capacity to form biofilm and through which they may evade the host's immune system. During infection, Paracoccidioides spp. can interact with different host cell types and has the ability to modulate the host's adaptive and/or innate immune response. In addition, it participates and interferes in the coagulation system and phenomena like cytoskeletal rearrangement and apoptosis. In recent years, Paracoccidioides spp. have had their endemic areas expanding in correlation with the expansion of agriculture. In response, several studies were developed to understand the infection using in vitro and in vivo systems, including alternative non-mammal models. Moreover, new advances were made in treating these infections using both well-established and new antifungal agents. These included natural and/or derivate synthetic substances as well as vaccines, peptides, and anti-adhesins sera. Because of all the advances in the PCM study, this review has the objective to summarize all of the recent discoveries on Paracoccidioides-host interaction, with particular emphasis on fungi surface proteins (molecules that play a fundamental role in the adhesion and/or dissemination of the fungi to host-cells), as well as advances in the treatment of PCM with new and well-established antifungal agents and approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haroldo C de Oliveira
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus Araraquara, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patrícia A Assato
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus Araraquara, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caroline M Marcos
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus Araraquara, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Liliana Scorzoni
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus Araraquara, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana C A de Paula E Silva
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus Araraquara, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julhiany De Fátima Da Silva
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus Araraquara, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Junya de Lacorte Singulani
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus Araraquara, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kaila M Alarcon
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus Araraquara, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana M Fusco-Almeida
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus Araraquara, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria J S Mendes-Giannini
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus Araraquara, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica São Paulo, Brazil
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Assato PA, da Silva JDF, de Oliveira HC, Marcos CM, Rossi D, Valentini SR, Mendes-Giannini MJS, Zanelli CF, Fusco-Almeida AM. Functional analysis of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis 14-3-3 adhesin expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. BMC Microbiol 2015; 15:256. [PMID: 26537993 PMCID: PMC4634143 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-015-0586-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 14-3-3 proteins comprise a family of eukaryotic multifunctional proteins involved in several cellular processes. The Pb14-3-3 of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis seems to play an important role in the Paracoccidioides-host interaction. Paracoccidioides brasiliensis is an etiological agent of paracoccidioidomycosis, which is a systemic mycosis that is endemic in Latin America. In the initial steps of the infection, Paracoccidioides spp. synthetizes adhesins that allow it to adhere and invade host cells. Therefore, the aim of this work was to perform a functional analysis of Pb14-3-3 using Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model. RESULTS The functional analysis of Pb14-3-3 was performed in S. cerevisiae, and it was found that Pb14-3-3 partially complemented S. cerevisiae proteins Bmh1p and Bmh2p, which are recognized as two yeast 14-3-3 homologues. When we evaluated the adhesion profile of S. cerevisiae transformants, Pb14-3-3 acted as an adhesin in S. cerevisiae; however, Bmh1p did not show this function. The influence of Pb14-3-3 in S. cerevisiae ergosterol pathway was also evaluated and our results showed that Pb14-3-3 up-regulates genes involved in ergosterol biosynthesis. CONCLUSIONS Our data showed that Pb14-3-3 was able to partially complement Bmh1p and Bmh2p proteins in S. cerevisiae; however, we suggest that Pb14-3-3 has a differential role as an adhesin. In addition, Pb-14-3-3 may be involved in Paracoccidioides spp. ergosterol biosynthesis which makes it an interest as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Akemi Assato
- Laboratório de Micologia Clínica - Núcleo de Proteômica - Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas- Unesp - Campus Araraquara, Rodovia Araraquara - Jaú Km 1, 14801-902, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Julhiany de Fátima da Silva
- Laboratório de Micologia Clínica - Núcleo de Proteômica - Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas- Unesp - Campus Araraquara, Rodovia Araraquara - Jaú Km 1, 14801-902, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Haroldo Cesar de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Micologia Clínica - Núcleo de Proteômica - Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas- Unesp - Campus Araraquara, Rodovia Araraquara - Jaú Km 1, 14801-902, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Caroline Maria Marcos
- Laboratório de Micologia Clínica - Núcleo de Proteômica - Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas- Unesp - Campus Araraquara, Rodovia Araraquara - Jaú Km 1, 14801-902, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Danuza Rossi
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular - Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas- Unesp - Campus Araraquara, Rodovia Araraquara - Jaú Km 1, 14801-902, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Sandro Roberto Valentini
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular - Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas- Unesp - Campus Araraquara, Rodovia Araraquara - Jaú Km 1, 14801-902, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Maria José Soares Mendes-Giannini
- Laboratório de Micologia Clínica - Núcleo de Proteômica - Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas- Unesp - Campus Araraquara, Rodovia Araraquara - Jaú Km 1, 14801-902, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Cleslei Fernando Zanelli
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular - Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas- Unesp - Campus Araraquara, Rodovia Araraquara - Jaú Km 1, 14801-902, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- Laboratório de Micologia Clínica - Núcleo de Proteômica - Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas- Unesp - Campus Araraquara, Rodovia Araraquara - Jaú Km 1, 14801-902, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
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Correction: Paracoccidoides brasiliensis 30 kDa Adhesin: Identification as a 14-3-3 Protein, Cloning and Subcellular Localization in Infection Models. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142028. [PMID: 26516770 PMCID: PMC4627770 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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da Silva JDF, Vicentim J, de Oliveira HC, Marcos CM, Assato PA, Andreotti PF, da Silva JLM, Soares CP, Benard G, Almeida AMF, Mendes-Giannini MJS. Influence of the Paracoccidioides brasiliensis 14-3-3 and gp43 proteins on the induction of apoptosis in A549 epithelial cells. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2015; 110:476-84. [PMID: 26038961 PMCID: PMC4501410 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760150057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The fungal strain Paracoccidioides brasiliensis remains viable inside of epithelial cells and can induce apoptosis in this population. However, until now, the molecules that participate in this process remained unknown. Thus, this study evaluated the contribution of two P. brasiliensis molecules, the 14-3-3 and glycoprotein of 43 kDa proteins, which had been previously described as extracellular matrix adhesins and apoptosis inductors in human pneumocytes. Accordingly, epithelial cells were treated with these molecules for different periods of time and the expression of the apoptosis regulating-proteins Bak, Bax, Bcl-2, p53 and caspases were evaluated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling, flow cytometry and real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. Our results demonstrated that treatment with these molecules induces apoptosis signalling in pulmonary epithelial cells, showing the same pattern of programmed cell-death as that observed during infection with P. brasiliensis. Thus, we could conclude that P. brasiliensis uses these molecules as virulence factors that participate not only in the fungal adhesion process to host cells, but also in other important cellular mechanisms such as apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julhiany de Fátima da Silva
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas
de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brasil
| | - Juliana Vicentim
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas
de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brasil
| | - Haroldo Cesar de Oliveira
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas
de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brasil
| | - Caroline Maria Marcos
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas
de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brasil
| | - Patricia Akemi Assato
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas
de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brasil
| | - Patrícia Ferrari Andreotti
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas
de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brasil
| | - Juliana Leal Monteiro da Silva
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas
de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brasil
| | - Christiane Pienna Soares
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas
de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brasil
| | - Gil Benard
- Laboratório de Alergia e Imunologia Clínica e Experimental
- Clínica de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Faculdade de Medicina,
Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco Almeida
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas
de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brasil
| | - Maria José Soares Mendes-Giannini
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas
de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brasil
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de Oliveira HC, da Silva JDF, Scorzoni L, Marcos CM, Rossi SA, de Paula E Silva ACA, Assato PA, da Silva RAM, Fusco-Almeida AM, Mendes-Giannini MJS. Importance of adhesins in virulence of Paracoccidioides spp. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:303. [PMID: 25914695 PMCID: PMC4392702 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the Paracoccidioides genus are the etiologic agents of paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM). This genus is composed of two species: Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and Paracoccidioides lutzii. The correct molecular taxonomic classification of these fungi has created new opportunities for studying and understanding their relationships with their hosts. Paracoccidioides spp. have features that permit their growth under adverse conditions, enable them to adhere to and invade host tissues and may contribute to disease development. Cell wall proteins called adhesins facilitate adhesion and are capable of mediating fungi-host interactions during infection. This study aimed to evaluate the adhesion profile of two species of the genus Paracoccidioides, to analyze the expression of adhesin-encoding genes by real-time PCR and to relate these results to the virulence of the species, as assessed using a survival curve in mice and in Galleria mellonella after blocking the adhesins. A high level of heterogeneity was observed in adhesion and adhesin expression, showing that the 14-3-3 and enolase molecules are the most highly expressed adhesins during pathogen-host interaction. Additionally, a survival curve revealed a correlation between the adhesion rate and survival, with P. brasiliensis showing higher adhesion and adhesin expression levels and greater virulence when compared with P. lutzii. After blocking 14-3-3 and enolase adhesins, we observed modifications in the virulence of these two species, revealing the importance of these molecules during the pathogenesis of members of the Paracoccidioides genus. These results revealed new insights into the host-pathogen interaction of this genus and may enhance our understanding of different isolates that could be useful for the treatment of this mycosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haroldo C de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Julhiany de Fátima da Silva
- Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Liliana Scorzoni
- Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Caroline M Marcos
- Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Suelen A Rossi
- Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Ana C A de Paula E Silva
- Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Patrícia A Assato
- Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Rosângela A M da Silva
- Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Ana M Fusco-Almeida
- Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Maria J S Mendes-Giannini
- Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista Araraquara, Brazil
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de Oliveira HC, da Silva JDF, Matsumoto MT, Marcos CM, Peres da Silva R, Moraes da Silva RA, Labate MTV, Labate CA, Fusco Almeida AM, Mendes Giannini MJS. Alterations of protein expression in conditions of copper-deprivation for Paracoccidioides lutzii in the presence of extracellular matrix components. BMC Microbiol 2014; 14:302. [PMID: 25609357 PMCID: PMC4302596 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-014-0302-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Paracoccidioides spp is a fungi genus and the agent of paracoccidioidomycosis. The strategies of infection used by these pathogens involve the expression of proteins related to adaptation to the host, particularly regarding the uptake of micronutrients. This study analyzed the adhesion of Paracoccidioides lutzii during conditions of copper (Cu) and iron (Fe) deprivation, while also evaluating the proteins expressed in conditions of Cu depletion in the presence of four extracellular matrix (ECM) components (laminin, fibronectin and types I and IV collagen). Results We cultured the P. lutzii in a chemically defined media without Cu and Fe. The fungus was then placed in contact with different ECM components and adhesion was evaluated. A significant increase in binding to all ECM components was observed when the fungus was cultured without Cu; which might be related to some adhesins expression. A proteomic assay was developed and revealed 39 proteins expressed that are involved in processes such as virulence, protein synthesis, metabolism, energy, transcription, transport, stress response and the cell cycle when the fungus was interacting with the ECM components. The up-regulated expression of two important adhesins, enolase and 14-3-3, was observed at the fungal cell wall during the interaction with the ECM components, indicating the role of these proteins in the Paracoccidioides–host interaction. Conclusions This study is important for determining prospective proteins that may be involved in the interaction of Paracoccidioides with a host. Understanding the adaptive response to different growth conditions, elucidating the processes of adhesion and cell invasion, and identifying the proteins that are differentially expressed during the fungus-host interaction may help elucidate mechanisms used for survival and growth of Paracoccidioides in various human tissues. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12866-014-0302-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Maria José Soares Mendes Giannini
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Laboratório de Micologia Clinica, Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú, Km 1, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
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