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Lalonde R, Hernandez M, Strazielle C. BDNF and Cerebellar Ataxia. Curr Drug Res Rev 2024; 16:300-307. [PMID: 37609676 DOI: 10.2174/2589977515666230811093021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been proposed as a treatment for neurodegeneration, including diseases of the cerebellum, where BDNF levels or those of its main receptor, TrkB, are often diminished relative to controls, thereby serving as replacement therapy. Experimental evidence indicates that BDNF signaling countered cerebellar degeneration, sensorimotor deficits, or both, in transgenic ATXN1 mice mutated for ataxin-1, Cacna1a knock-in mice mutated for ataxin-6, mice injected with lentivectors encoding RNA sequences against human FXN into the cerebellar cortex, Kcnj6Wv (Weaver) mutant mice with granule cell degeneration, and rats with olivocerebellar transaction, similar to a BDNF-overexpressing transgenic line interbred with Cacng2stg mutant mice. In this regard, this study discusses whether BDNF is effective in cerebellar pathologies where BDNF levels are normal and whether it is effective in cases with combined cerebellar and basal ganglia damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Lalonde
- Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire Stress, Immunité, Pathogènes EA 7300, Campus Santé, 9 avenue de la Forêt de Haye, 54500 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - Magali Hernandez
- Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire Stress, Immunité, Pathogènes EA 7300, Campus Santé, 9 avenue de la Forêt de Haye, 54500 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
- CHRU Nancy, allée du Morvan, 54500 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - Catherine Strazielle
- Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire Stress, Immunité, Pathogènes EA 7300, Campus Santé, 9 avenue de la Forêt de Haye, 54500 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
- CHRU Nancy, allée du Morvan, 54500 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
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2
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Dousti Kataj P, Vousooghi N, Hadjighassem M, Farahmandfar M, Ebrahimi-Barough S. Evaluation of the effect of mesenchymal stem cells injection in the nucleus accumbens on the morphine reinstatement behavior in a conditioned place preference model in Wistar rat: Expression changes of NMDA receptor subunits and NT-3. Behav Brain Res 2023; 444:114360. [PMID: 36854364 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been recently shown to improve functional recovery in animal models of CNS disorders and are currently being examined in clinical studies for sclerosis, stroke, and CNS lesions. The activation of endogenous CNS protection and repair mechanisms is unclear. MSC-based approaches are considered a new potential target for neurodegenerative disorders. This study was designed to discover the effect of MSCs injection in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) on the reinstatement of behavior in morphine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) in male rats. The CPP was induced via intra-peritoneal (i.p.) morphine injection (5 mg/kg) for three consecutive days. After being tested for CPP induction, animals received MSCs or culture medium (DMEM F-12) in their NAc using stereotaxic surgery. Following extinction, a priming dose of morphine (2 mg/kg) was administered to induce reinstatement. Expression of GluN1, GluN2A, and GluN2B subunits of the NMDA receptor and the NT-3 gene in the NAc was assessed on the last day of extinction and following CPP reinstatement. The results showed that local injection of MSCs attenuated reinstatement after receiving a priming dose of morphine, and also shortened the period of CPP extinction. The mRNA expression of the NT-3 gene in the group receiving MSCs was increased compared to control animals, as was observed for GluN1 and GluN2B, but not GluN2A. It is concluded that intra-NAc injection of MSCs may facilitate morphine extinction and alleviate reinstatement behavior which may be via expression changes in NMDA receptor subunits and NT-3 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parviz Dousti Kataj
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Nasim Vousooghi
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, the Islamic Republic of Iran; Research Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, the Islamic Republic of Iran; Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, the Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - Mahmoudreza Hadjighassem
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Maryam Farahmandfar
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Somayeh Ebrahimi-Barough
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, the Islamic Republic of Iran
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3
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Quesada MP, García-Bernal D, Pastor D, Estirado A, Blanquer M, García-Hernández AM, Moraleda JM, Martínez S. Safety and Biodistribution of Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Injected Intrathecally in Non-Obese Diabetic Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Mice: Preclinical Study. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 16:525-538. [PMID: 31624707 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-019-00202-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have potent immunomodulatory and neuroprotective properties, and have been tested in neurodegenerative diseases resulting in meaningful clinical improvements. Regulatory guidelines specify the need to perform preclinical studies prior any clinical trial, including biodistribution assays and tumourigenesis exclusion. We conducted a preclinical study of human bone marrow MSCs (hBM-MSCs) injected by intrathecal route in Non-Obese Diabetic Severe Combined Immunodeficiency mice, to explore cellular biodistribution and toxicity as a privileged administration method for cell therapy in Friedreich's Ataxia. Methods For this purpose, 3 × 105 cells were injected by intrathecal route in 12 animals (experimental group) and the same volume of culture media in 6 animals (control group). Blood samples were collected at 24 h (n = 9) or 4 months (n = 9) to assess toxicity, and nine organs were harvested for histology and safety studies. Genomic DNA was isolated from all tissues, and mouse GAPDH and human β2M and β-actin genes were amplified by qPCR to analyze hBM-MSCs biodistribution. Results There were no deaths nor acute or chronic toxicity. Hematology, biochemistry and body weight were in the range of normal values in all groups. At 24 h hBM-MSCs were detected in 4/6 spinal cords and 1/6 hearts, and at 4 months in 3/6 hearts and 1/6 brains of transplanted mice. No tumours were found. Conclusion This study demonstrated that intrathecal injection of hBM-MSCs is safe, non toxic and do not produce tumors. These results provide further evidence that hBM-MSCs might be used in a clinical trial in patients with FRDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Paz Quesada
- 1Cellular Therapy and Hematopoietic Transplant Unit, Hematology Department, Virgen de la Arrixaca Clinical University Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum" University of Murcia, Carretera Acceso Urbanización Buenavista (1ªizda), 30120 El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - David García-Bernal
- 1Cellular Therapy and Hematopoietic Transplant Unit, Hematology Department, Virgen de la Arrixaca Clinical University Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum" University of Murcia, Carretera Acceso Urbanización Buenavista (1ªizda), 30120 El Palmar, Murcia, Spain.,2Internal Medicine Department, Medicine School, University of Murcia, Virgen de la Arrixaca Clinical University Hospital, Ctra. Madrid-Cartagena, s/n, 30120 El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Diego Pastor
- 3Sport Research Center, University Miguel Hernández of Elche, Av. de la Universidad s/n, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Alicia Estirado
- 4Neuroscience Institute UMH-CSIC, University Miguel Hernández of Elche, Carretera de Valencia, Km 18, 03550 San Juan, Alicante, Spain
| | - Miguel Blanquer
- 1Cellular Therapy and Hematopoietic Transplant Unit, Hematology Department, Virgen de la Arrixaca Clinical University Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum" University of Murcia, Carretera Acceso Urbanización Buenavista (1ªizda), 30120 El Palmar, Murcia, Spain.,2Internal Medicine Department, Medicine School, University of Murcia, Virgen de la Arrixaca Clinical University Hospital, Ctra. Madrid-Cartagena, s/n, 30120 El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ana Mª García-Hernández
- 1Cellular Therapy and Hematopoietic Transplant Unit, Hematology Department, Virgen de la Arrixaca Clinical University Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum" University of Murcia, Carretera Acceso Urbanización Buenavista (1ªizda), 30120 El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - José M Moraleda
- 1Cellular Therapy and Hematopoietic Transplant Unit, Hematology Department, Virgen de la Arrixaca Clinical University Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum" University of Murcia, Carretera Acceso Urbanización Buenavista (1ªizda), 30120 El Palmar, Murcia, Spain.,2Internal Medicine Department, Medicine School, University of Murcia, Virgen de la Arrixaca Clinical University Hospital, Ctra. Madrid-Cartagena, s/n, 30120 El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Salvador Martínez
- 4Neuroscience Institute UMH-CSIC, University Miguel Hernández of Elche, Carretera de Valencia, Km 18, 03550 San Juan, Alicante, Spain.,CIBERSAM-ISCIII, Avenida Blasco Ibáñez 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain.,6Human Anatomy Department, Medicine School, University Miguel Hernández of Elche, Carretera de Valencia, Km 18, 03550 San Juan, Alicante, Spain
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Rando A, Pastor D, Viso-León MC, Martínez A, Manzano R, Navarro X, Osta R, Martínez S. Intramuscular transplantation of bone marrow cells prolongs the lifespan of SOD1 G93A mice and modulates expression of prognosis biomarkers of the disease. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:90. [PMID: 29625589 PMCID: PMC5889612 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0843-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive muscle weakness, paralysis and death. There is no effective treatment for ALS and stem cell therapy has arisen as a potential therapeutic approach. METHODS SOD1 mutant mice were used to study the potential neurotrophic effect of bone marrow cells grafted into quadriceps femoris muscle. RESULTS Bone marrow intramuscular transplants resulted in increased longevity with improved motor function and decreased motoneuron degeneration in the spinal cord. Moreover, the increment of the glial-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin 4 observed in the grafted muscles suggests that this partial neuroprotective effect is mediated by neurotrophic factor release at the neuromuscular junction level. Finally, certain neurodegeneration and muscle disease-specific markers, which are altered in the SOD1G93A mutant mouse and may serve as molecular biomarkers for the early detection of ALS in patients, have been studied with encouraging results. CONCLUSIONS This work demonstrates that stem cell transplantation in the muscle prolonged the lifespan, increased motoneuron survival and slowed disease progression, which was also assessed by genetic expression analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaya Rando
- LAGENBIO-I3A, Facultad de Veterinaria, IIS Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Diego Pastor
- Centro de Investigación Deporte, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Alicante, Spain
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, UMH-CSIC, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Mari Carmen Viso-León
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, UMH-CSIC, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Anna Martínez
- Grupo de Neuroplasticidad y Regeneración, Instituto de Neurociencias y Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Manzano
- LAGENBIO-I3A, Facultad de Veterinaria, IIS Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Xavier Navarro
- Grupo de Neuroplasticidad y Regeneración, Instituto de Neurociencias y Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosario Osta
- LAGENBIO-I3A, Facultad de Veterinaria, IIS Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Salvador Martínez
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, UMH-CSIC, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Alicante, Spain
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Kemp K, Dey R, Cook A, Scolding N, Wilkins A. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Factors Restore Function to Human Frataxin-Deficient Cells. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2017; 16:840-851. [PMID: 28456899 PMCID: PMC5498643 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-017-0860-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Friedreich's ataxia is an inherited neurological disorder characterised by mitochondrial dysfunction and increased susceptibility to oxidative stress. At present, no therapy has been shown to reduce disease progression. Strategies being trialled to treat Friedreich's ataxia include drugs that improve mitochondrial function and reduce oxidative injury. In addition, stem cells have been investigated as a potential therapeutic approach. We have used siRNA-induced knockdown of frataxin in SH-SY5Y cells as an in vitro cellular model for Friedreich's ataxia. Knockdown of frataxin protein expression to levels detected in patients with the disorder was achieved, leading to decreased cellular viability, increased susceptibility to hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress, dysregulation of key anti-oxidant molecules and deficiencies in both cell proliferation and differentiation. Bone marrow stem cells are being investigated extensively as potential treatments for a wide range of neurological disorders, including Friedreich's ataxia. The potential neuroprotective effects of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells were therefore studied using our frataxin-deficient cell model. Soluble factors secreted by mesenchymal stem cells protected against cellular changes induced by frataxin deficiency, leading to restoration in frataxin levels and anti-oxidant defences, improved survival against oxidative stress and stimulated both cell proliferation and differentiation down the Schwann cell lineage. The demonstration that mesenchymal stem cell-derived factors can restore cellular homeostasis and function to frataxin-deficient cells further suggests that they may have potential therapeutic benefits for patients with Friedreich's ataxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Kemp
- Multiple Sclerosis and Stem Cell Group, School of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Neurosciences office, University of Bristol, 1st floor, Learning and Research building, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK.
| | - Rimi Dey
- Multiple Sclerosis and Stem Cell Group, School of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Neurosciences office, University of Bristol, 1st floor, Learning and Research building, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
| | - Amelia Cook
- Multiple Sclerosis and Stem Cell Group, School of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Neurosciences office, University of Bristol, 1st floor, Learning and Research building, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
| | - Neil Scolding
- Multiple Sclerosis and Stem Cell Group, School of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Neurosciences office, University of Bristol, 1st floor, Learning and Research building, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
| | - Alastair Wilkins
- Multiple Sclerosis and Stem Cell Group, School of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Neurosciences office, University of Bristol, 1st floor, Learning and Research building, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
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Pombero A, Garcia-Lopez R, Martinez S. Brain mesenchymal stem cells: physiology and pathological implications. Dev Growth Differ 2016; 58:469-80. [PMID: 27273235 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are defined as progenitor cells that give rise to a number of unique, differentiated mesenchymal cell types. This concept has progressively evolved towards an all-encompassing concept including multipotent perivascular cells of almost any tissue. In central nervous system, pericytes are involved in blood-brain barrier, and angiogenesis and vascular tone regulation. They form the neurovascular unit (NVU) together with endothelial cells, astrocytes and neurons. This functional structure provides an optimal microenvironment for neural proliferation in the adult brain. Neurovascular niche include both diffusible signals and direct contact with endothelial and pericytes, which are a source of diffusible neurotrophic signals that affect neural precursors. Therefore, MSCs/pericyte properties such as differentiation capability, as well as immunoregulatory and paracrine effects make them a potential resource in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Pombero
- Intituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)-Arrixaca, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Raquel Garcia-Lopez
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernandez-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones, Av Ramon y Cajal s/n, San Juan de Alicante, 03550, Spain
| | - Salvador Martinez
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernandez-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones, Av Ramon y Cajal s/n, San Juan de Alicante, 03550, Spain
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Wang S, Deng Z, Ye X, Geng X, Zhang C. Enterococcus faecalis attenuates osteogenesis through activation of p38 and ERK1/2 pathways in MC3T3-E1 cells. Int Endod J 2015; 49:1152-1164. [PMID: 26572053 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
AIM To explore the role of Enterococcus faecalis in the proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation of osteoblasts. METHODOLOGY Pre-osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells were treated with heat-killed E. faecalis ATCC 29212 and clinical E. faecalis P25RC strains, respectively. Cell proliferation, mineralized calcium deposition, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and apoptosis were assessed at various time-points. The expression levels of osteogenic-related genes including ALP, osteocalcin (OC), runt-related protein 2 (Runx2) and collagen type 1 (COL1) were also analysed throughout the duration of the experiment. Additionally, the involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signalling pathways was analysed by Western blotting. In the presence of culture supernatant from E. faecalis-treated murine macrophages, apoptosis of MC3T3-E1 cells was detected with flow cytometry. Data were analysed using analysis of variance (anova), and P < 0.05 was considered significantly different. RESULTS E. faecalis significantly inhibited proliferation (P < 0.05) and also significantly induced apoptosis of MC3T3-E1 cells (P < 0.05), whilst differentiation seemed to be unaffected after 7 days of E. faecalis treatment. However, osteogenic differentiation was significantly inhibited with 21-day E. faecalis treatment (P < 0.05). The p38 and ERK1/2 phosphorylation pathways associated with mineral deposition and apoptosis were significantly activated in MC3T3-E1 cells. The culture supernatants from E. faecalis-treated macrophages induced osteoblast apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS E. faecalis exerted an inhibitory effect on osteogenesis in pre-osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells via phosphorylation of p38 and ERK1/2.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Wang
- Department of Endodontics, Comprehensive Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Z Deng
- Department of Endodontics, Comprehensive Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Shenzhen ENT Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - X Ye
- Department of Endodontics, Comprehensive Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,School of Dentistry, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - X Geng
- Department of Stomatology, Shenzhen Longgang Center Hospital, ENT Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - C Zhang
- Department of Endodontics, Comprehensive Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Cruz-Martinez P, Pastor D, Estirado A, Pacheco-Torres J, Martinez S, Jones J. Stem cell injection in the hindlimb skeletal muscle enhances neurorepair in mice with spinal cord injury. Regen Med 2015; 9:579-91. [PMID: 25372077 DOI: 10.2217/rme.14.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS To develop a low-risk, little-invasive stem cell-based method to treat acute spinal cord injuries. methods: Adult mice were submitted to an incomplete spinal cord injury, and mesenchymal stem cells injected intramuscularly into both hindlimbs. Behavior tests and MRI of the spinal cord were periodically performed for up to 6 months, along with immunohistochemical analysis. Immunohistochemical and PCR analysis of the muscles were used to detect the grafted cells as well as the soluble factors released. RESULTS The stem cell-treated mice presented significant improvements in their motor skills 5 months after treatment. Spinal cord repair was detected by magnetic resonance and immunohistochemistry. In the hindlimb muscles, the stem cells activated muscle and motor neuron repair mechanisms, due to the secretion of several neurotrophic factors. CONCLUSION Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell injection into hindlimb muscles stimulates spinal cord repair in acute spinal cord lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Cruz-Martinez
- Neuroscience Institute, University Miguel Hernández (UMH-CSIC), San Juan, Alicante, Spain
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Anjomani Virmouni S, Ezzatizadeh V, Sandi C, Sandi M, Al-Mahdawi S, Chutake Y, Pook MA. A novel GAA-repeat-expansion-based mouse model of Friedreich's ataxia. Dis Model Mech 2015; 8:225-35. [PMID: 25681319 PMCID: PMC4348561 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.018952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder caused by a GAA repeat expansion mutation within intron 1 of the FXN gene, resulting in reduced levels of frataxin protein. We have previously reported the generation of human FXN yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) transgenic FRDA mouse models containing 90-190 GAA repeats, but the presence of multiple GAA repeats within these mice is considered suboptimal. We now describe the cellular, molecular and behavioural characterisation of a newly developed YAC transgenic FRDA mouse model, designated YG8sR, which we have shown by DNA sequencing to contain a single pure GAA repeat expansion. The founder YG8sR mouse contained 120 GAA repeats but, due to intergenerational expansion, we have now established a colony of YG8sR mice that contain ~200 GAA repeats. We show that YG8sR mice have a single copy of the FXN transgene, which is integrated at a single site as confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) analysis of metaphase and interphase chromosomes. We have identified significant behavioural deficits, together with a degree of glucose intolerance and insulin hypersensitivity, in YG8sR FRDA mice compared with control Y47R and wild-type (WT) mice. We have also detected increased somatic GAA repeat instability in the brain and cerebellum of YG8sR mice, together with significantly reduced expression of FXN, FAST-1 and frataxin, and reduced aconitase activity, compared with Y47R mice. Furthermore, we have confirmed the presence of pathological vacuoles within neurons of the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of YG8sR mice. These novel GAA-repeat-expansion-based YAC transgenic FRDA mice, which exhibit progressive FRDA-like pathology, represent an excellent model for the investigation of FRDA disease mechanisms and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Anjomani Virmouni
- Ataxia Research Group, Division of Biosciences, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health & Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK Synthetic Biology Theme, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Vahid Ezzatizadeh
- Ataxia Research Group, Division of Biosciences, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health & Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Chiranjeevi Sandi
- Ataxia Research Group, Division of Biosciences, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health & Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Madhavi Sandi
- Ataxia Research Group, Division of Biosciences, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health & Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK Synthetic Biology Theme, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Sahar Al-Mahdawi
- Ataxia Research Group, Division of Biosciences, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health & Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK Synthetic Biology Theme, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Yogesh Chutake
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Genetics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Mark A Pook
- Ataxia Research Group, Division of Biosciences, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health & Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK Synthetic Biology Theme, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK
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10
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Jones J, Estirado A, Redondo C, Pacheco-Torres J, Sirerol-Piquer MS, Garcia-Verdugo JM, Martinez S. Mesenchymal stem cells improve motor functions and decrease neurodegeneration in ataxic mice. Mol Ther 2015; 23:130-8. [PMID: 25070719 PMCID: PMC4426789 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2014.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The main objective of this work is to demonstrate the feasibility of using bone marrow-derived stem cells in treating a neurodegenerative disorder such as Friedreich's ataxia. In this disease, the dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord are the first to degenerate. Two groups of mice were injected intrathecally with mesenchymal stem cells isolated from either wild-type or Fxntm1Mkn/Tg(FXN)YG8Pook (YG8) mice. As a result, both groups presented improved motor skills compared to nontreated mice. Also, frataxin expression was increased in the dorsal root ganglia of the treated groups, along with lower expression of the apoptotic markers analyzed. Furthermore, the injected stem cells expressed the trophic factors NT3, NT4, and BDNF, which bind to sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglia and increase their survival. The expression of antioxidant enzymes indicated that the stem cell-treated mice presented higher levels of catalase and GPX-1, which are downregulated in the YG8 mice. There were no significant differences in the use of stem cells isolated from wild-type and YG8 mice. In conclusion, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation, both autologous and allogeneic, is a feasible therapeutic option to consider in delaying the neurodegeneration observed in the dorsal root ganglia of Friedreich's ataxia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Jones
- Neuroscience Institute, University Miguel Hernández (UMH-CSIC), San Juan, Alicante, Spain
| | - Alicia Estirado
- Neuroscience Institute, University Miguel Hernández (UMH-CSIC), San Juan, Alicante, Spain
| | - Carolina Redondo
- Neuroscience Institute, University Miguel Hernández (UMH-CSIC), San Juan, Alicante, Spain
| | - Jesus Pacheco-Torres
- Neuroscience Institute, University Miguel Hernández (UMH-CSIC), San Juan, Alicante, Spain
| | - Maria-Salomé Sirerol-Piquer
- Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Garcia-Verdugo
- Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Salvador Martinez
- Neuroscience Institute, University Miguel Hernández (UMH-CSIC), San Juan, Alicante, Spain
- IMIB-Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Univ. Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Evans-Galea MV, Pébay A, Dottori M, Corben LA, Ong SH, Lockhart PJ, Delatycki MB. Cell and gene therapy for Friedreich ataxia: progress to date. Hum Gene Ther 2014; 25:684-93. [PMID: 24749505 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2013.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders such as Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) present significant challenges in developing effective therapeutic intervention. Current treatments aim to manage symptoms and thus improve quality of life, but none can cure, nor are proven to slow, the neurodegeneration inherent to this disease. The primary clinical features of FRDA include progressive ataxia and shortened life span, with complications of cardiomyopathy being the major cause of death. FRDA is most commonly caused by an expanded GAA trinucleotide repeat in the first intron of FXN that leads to reduced levels of frataxin, a mitochondrial protein important for iron metabolism. The GAA expansion in FRDA does not alter the coding sequence of FXN. It results in reduced production of structurally normal frataxin, and hence any increase in protein level is expected to be therapeutically beneficial. Recently, there has been increased interest in developing novel therapeutic applications like cell and/or gene therapies, and these cutting-edge applications could provide effective treatment options for FRDA. Importantly, since individuals with FRDA produce frataxin at low levels, increased expression should not elicit an immune response. Here we review the advances to date and highlight the future potential for cell and gene therapy to treat this debilitating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marguerite V Evans-Galea
- 1 Bruce Lefroy Centre for Genetic Health Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute , Parkville Victoria 3052, Australia
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