1
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Lu DD, Huang N, Li SWA, Fang JR, Lai CH, Wang JK, Chan KS, Johnson MD, Lin CY. HAI-1 is required for the novel role of FGFBP1 in maintenance of cell morphology and F-actin rearrangement in human keratinocytes. Hum Cell 2023:10.1007/s13577-023-00906-6. [PMID: 37076641 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-023-00906-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Formation and maintenance of skin barrier function require tightly controlled membrane-associated proteolysis, in which the integral membrane Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor, HAI-1, functions as the primary inhibitor of the membrane-associated serine proteases, matriptase and prostasin. Previously, HAI-1 loss in HaCaT human keratinocytes resulted in an expected increase in prostasin proteolysis but a paradoxical decrease in matriptase proteolysis. The paradoxical decrease in shed active matriptase is further investigated in this study with an unexpected discovery of novel functions of fibroblast growth factor-binding protein 1 (FGFBP1), which acts as an extracellular ligand that can rapidly elicit F-actin rearrangement and subsequently affect the morphology of human keratinocytes. This novel growth factor-like function is in stark contrast to the canonical activity of this protein through interactions with FGFs for its pathophysiological functions. This discovery began with the observation that HAI-1 KO HaCaT cells lose the characteristic cobblestone morphology of the parental cells and exhibit aberrant F-actin formation along with altered subcellular targeting of matriptase and HAI-2. The alterations in cell morphology and F-actin status caused by targeted HAI-1 deletion can be restored by treatment with conditioned medium from parental HaCaT cells, in which FGFBP1 was identified by tandem mass spectrometry. Recombinant FGFBP1 down to 1 ng/ml was able to revert the changes caused by HAI-1 loss. Our study reveals a novel function of FGFBP1 in the maintenance of keratinocyte morphology, which depends on HAI-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dajun D Lu
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, W422 Research Building, Georgetown University, W416 Research Building, 3970 Reservoir Road, NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Nanxi Huang
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, W422 Research Building, Georgetown University, W416 Research Building, 3970 Reservoir Road, NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Sheng-Wen A Li
- School of Medicine National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 114, Taiwan
| | - Jessica R Fang
- , Winston Churchill High School, Potomac, MD, 20854, USA
| | - Chih-Hsin Lai
- Department of Dentistry Renai Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Jehng-Kang Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 114, Taiwan
| | - Khee-Siang Chan
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, No.901, Chung-Hwa Road, Yung-Kang District, Tainan City, 71004, Taiwan.
| | - Michael D Johnson
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, W422 Research Building, Georgetown University, W416 Research Building, 3970 Reservoir Road, NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA.
| | - Chen-Yong Lin
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, W422 Research Building, Georgetown University, W416 Research Building, 3970 Reservoir Road, NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA.
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2
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Lu DD, Gu Y, Li SWA, Barndt RJ, Huang SM, Wang JK, Su HC, Johnson MD, Lin CY. Targeted deletion of HAI-1 increases prostasin proteolysis but decreases matriptase proteolysis in human keratinocytes. Hum Cell 2021; 34:771-784. [PMID: 33486722 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-021-00488-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal differentiation and barrier function require well-controlled matriptase and prostasin proteolysis, in which the Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor HAI-1 represents the primary enzymatic inhibitor for both proteases. HAI-1, however, also functions as a chaperone-like protein necessary for normal matriptase synthesis and intracellular trafficking. Furthermore, other protease inhibitors, such as antithrombin and HAI-2, can also inhibit matriptase and prostasin in solution or in keratinocytes. It remains unclear, therefore, whether aberrant increases in matriptase and prostasin enzymatic activity would be the consequence of targeted deletion of HAI-1 and so subsequently contribute to the epidermal defects observed in HAI-1 knockout mice. The impact of HAI-1 deficiency on matriptase and prostasin proteolysis was, here, investigated in HaCaT human keratinocytes. Our results show that HAI-1 deficiency causes an increase in prostasin proteolysis via increased protein expression and zymogen activation. It remains unclear, however, whether HAI-1 deficiency increases "net" prostasin enzymatic activity because all of the activated prostasin was detected in complexes with HAI-2, suggesting that prostasin enzymatic activity is still under tight control in HAI-1-deficient keratinocytes. Matriptase proteolysis is, however, unexpectedly suppressed by HAI-1 deficiency, as manifested by decreases in zymogen activation, shedding of active matriptase, and matriptase-dependent prostasin zymogen activation. This suppressed proteolysis results mainly from the reduced ability of HAI-1-deficient HaCaT cells to activate matriptase and the rapid inhibition of nascent active matriptase by HAI-2 and other yet-to-be-identified protease inhibitors. Our study provides novel insights with opposite impacts by HAI-1 deficiency on matriptase versus prostasin proteolysis in keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dajun D Lu
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, W412 Research Building 3970 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Yayun Gu
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, W412 Research Building 3970 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Sheng-Wen A Li
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Robert J Barndt
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, W412 Research Building 3970 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Shih-Ming Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Jehng-Kang Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Hui Chen Su
- Department of Pharmacy, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Michael D Johnson
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, W412 Research Building 3970 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA.
| | - Chen-Yong Lin
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, W412 Research Building 3970 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA.
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3
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Jia B, Thompson HA, Barndt RB, Chiu YL, Lee MJ, Lee SC, Wang JK, Tang HJ, Lin CY, Johnson MD. Mild acidity likely accelerates the physiological matriptase autoactivation process: a comparative study between spontaneous and acid-induced matriptase zymogen activation. Hum Cell 2020; 33:1068-1080. [PMID: 32779152 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-020-00410-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The pathophysiological functions of matriptase, a type 2 transmembrane serine protease, rely primarily on its enzymatic activity, which is under tight control through multiple mechanisms. Among those regulatory mechanisms, the control of zymogen activation is arguably the most important. Matriptase zymogen activation not only generates the mature active enzyme but also initiates suppressive mechanisms, such as rapid inhibition by HAI-1, and matriptase shedding. These tightly coupled events allow the potent matriptase tryptic activity to fulfill its biological functions at the same time as limiting undesired hazards. Matriptase is converted to the active enzyme via a process of autoactivation, in which the activational cleavage is thought to rely on the interactions of matriptase zymogen molecules and other as yet identified proteins. Matriptase autoactivation can occur spontaneously and is rapidly followed by the formation and then shedding of matriptase-HAI-1 complexes, resulting in the presence of relatively low levels of the complex on cells. Activation can also be induced by several non-protease factors, such as the exposure of cells to a mildly acidic buffer, which rapidly causes high-level matriptase zymogen activation in almost all cell lines tested. In the current study, the structural requirements for this acid-induced zymogen activation are compared with those required for spontaneous activation through a systematic analysis of the impact of 18 different mutations in various structural domains and motifs on matriptase zymogen activation. Our study reveals that both acid-induced matriptase activation and spontaneous activation depend on the maintenance of the structural integrity of the serine protease domain, non-catalytic domains, and posttranslational modifications. The common requirements of both modes of activation suggest that acid-induced matriptase activation may function as a physiological mechanism to induce pericellular proteolysis by accelerating matriptase autoactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailing Jia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China.,Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, W412 Research Building 3970 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Hamishi A Thompson
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, W412 Research Building 3970 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Robert B Barndt
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, W412 Research Building 3970 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Yi-Lin Chiu
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, W412 Research Building 3970 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA.,Department of Biochemistry National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 114, Taiwan
| | - Mon-Juan Lee
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, W412 Research Building 3970 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA.,Department of Bioscience Technology, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, 71101, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Science, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, 71101, Taiwan
| | - See-Chi Lee
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, W412 Research Building 3970 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Jehng-Kang Wang
- Department of Biochemistry National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 114, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Jen Tang
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Internal Medicine, Chi-Mei Medical Center, No.901, Chung-Hwa Rd. Yung-Kang Dist., Tainan City, 71004, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Chen-Yong Lin
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, W412 Research Building 3970 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA.
| | - Michael D Johnson
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, W412 Research Building 3970 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA.
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Bone Metastasis Phenotype and Growth Undergo Regulation by Micro-Environment Stimuli: Efficacy of Early Therapy with HGF or TGFβ1-Type I Receptor Blockade. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102520. [PMID: 31121879 PMCID: PMC6567054 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) are biological stimuli of the micro-environment which affect bone metastasis phenotype through transcription factors, but their influence on the growth is scarcely known. In a xenograft model prepared with 1833 bone metastatic cells, derived from breast carcinoma cells, we evaluated mice survival and Twist and Snail expression and localization after competitive inhibition of HGF with NK4, or after blockade of TGFβ1-type I receptor (RI) with SB431542: in the latter condition HGF was also measured. To explain the in vivo data, in 1833 cells treated with SB431542 plus TGFβ1 we measured HGF formation and the transduction pathway involved. Altogether, HGF seemed relevant for bone-metastatic growth, being hampered by NK4 treatment, which decreased Twist more than Snail in the metastasis bulk. TGFβ1-RI blockade enhanced HGF in metastasis and adjacent bone marrow, while reducing prevalently Snail expression at the front and bulk of bone metastasis. The HGF accumulation in 1833 cells depended on an auxiliary signaling pathway, triggered by TGFβ1 under SB431542, which interfered in the transcription of HGF activator inhibitor type 1 (HAI-1) downstream of TGFβ-activated kinase 1 (TAK1): HGF stimulated Twist transactivation. In conclusion, the impairment of initial outgrowth with NK4 seemed therapeutically promising more than SB431542 chemotherapy; a functional correlation between Twist and Snail in bone metastasis seemed to be influenced by the biological stimuli of the micro-environment, and the targeting of these phenotype biomarkers might inhibit metastasis plasticity and colonization, even if it would be necessary to consider the changes of HGF levels in bone metastases undergoing TGFβ1-RI blockade.
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5
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Ye F, Chen S, Liu X, Ye X, Wang K, Zeng Z, Su Y, Zhang X, Zhou H. 3-Cl-AHPC inhibits pro-HGF maturation by inducing matriptase/HAI-1 complex formation. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:155-166. [PMID: 30370662 PMCID: PMC6307790 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Matriptase is an epithelia-specific membrane-anchored serine protease, and its dysregulation is highly related to the progression of a variety of cancers. Hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor-1 (HAI-1) inhibits matriptase activity through forming complex with activated matriptase. The balance of matriptase activation and matriptase/HAI-1 complex formation determines the intensity and duration of matriptase activity. 3-Cl-AHPC, 4-[3-(1-adamantyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]-3-chlorocinnamic acid, is an adamantly substituted retinoid-related molecule and a ligand of retinoic acid receptor γ (RARγ). 3-Cl-AHPC is of strong anti-cancer effect but with elusive mechanisms. In our current study, we show that 3-Cl-AHPC time- and dose- dependently induces matriptase/HAI-1 complex formation, leading to the suppression of activated matriptase in cancer cells and tissues. Furthermore, 3-Cl-AHPC promotes matriptase shedding but without increasing the activity of shed matriptase. Moreover, 3-Cl-AHPC inhibits matriptase-mediated cleavage of pro-HGF through matriptase/HAI-1 complex induction, resulting in the suppression of pro-HGF-stimulated signalling and cell scattering. Although 3-Cl-AHPC binds to RARγ, its induction of matriptase/HAI-1 complex is not RARγ dependent. Together, our data demonstrates that 3-Cl-AHPC down-regulates matriptase activity through induction of matriptase/HAI-1 complex formation in a RARγ-independent manner, providing a mechanism of 3-Cl-AHPC anti-cancer activity and a new strategy to inhibit abnormal matriptase activity via matriptase/HAI-1 complex induction using small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Ye
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesFujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target ResearchXiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
| | - Shuang Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesFujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target ResearchXiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
| | - Xingxing Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesFujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target ResearchXiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
| | - Xiaohong Ye
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesFujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target ResearchXiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
| | - Keqi Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesFujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target ResearchXiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
| | - Zhiping Zeng
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesFujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target ResearchXiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
| | - Ying Su
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesFujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target ResearchXiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
- Cancer CenterSanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery InstituteLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Xiao‐kun Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesFujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target ResearchXiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
- Cancer CenterSanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery InstituteLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Hu Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesFujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target ResearchXiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
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6
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Tseng CC, Jia B, Barndt R, Gu Y, Chen CY, Tseng IC, Su SF, Wang JK, Johnson MD, Lin CY. Matriptase shedding is closely coupled with matriptase zymogen activation and requires de novo proteolytic cleavage likely involving its own activity. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183507. [PMID: 28829816 PMCID: PMC5567652 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The type 2 transmembrane serine protease matriptase is involved in many pathophysiological processes probably via its enzymatic activity, which depends on the dynamic relationship between zymogen activation and protease inhibition. Matriptase shedding can prolong the life of enzymatically active matriptase and increase accessibility to substrates. We show here that matriptase shedding occurs via a de novo proteolytic cleavage at sites located between the SEA domain and the CUB domain. Point or combined mutations at the four positively charged amino acid residues in the region following the SEA domain allowed Arg-186 to be identified as the primary cleavage site responsible for matriptase shedding. Kinetic studies further demonstrate that matriptase shedding is temporally coupled with matriptase zymogen activation. The onset of matriptase shedding lags one minute behind matriptase zymogen activation. Studies with active site triad Ser-805 point mutated matriptase, which no longer undergoes zymogen activation or shedding, further suggests that matriptase shedding depends on matriptase zymogen activation, and that matriptase proteolytic activity may be involved in its own shedding. Our studies uncover an autonomous mechanism coupling matriptase zymogen activation, proteolytic activity, and shedding such that a proportion of newly generated active matriptase escapes HAI-1-mediated rapid inhibition by shedding into the extracellular milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Che Tseng
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology Georgetown University, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Bailing Jia
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology Georgetown University, Washington DC, United States of America
- Department of Gastroenterology, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Robert Barndt
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology Georgetown University, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Yayun Gu
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology Georgetown University, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Chien-Yu Chen
- Department of Biochemistry National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Chu Tseng
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology Georgetown University, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Sheng-Fang Su
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology Georgetown University, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Jehng-Kang Wang
- Department of Biochemistry National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Michael D. Johnson
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology Georgetown University, Washington DC, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CYL); (MDJ)
| | - Chen-Yong Lin
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology Georgetown University, Washington DC, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CYL); (MDJ)
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7
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Lai CH, Chang SC, Chen YJ, Wang YJJ, Lai YJJ, Chang HHD, Berens EB, Johnson MD, Wang JK, Lin CY. Matriptase and prostasin are expressed in human skin in an inverse trend over the course of differentiation and are targeted to different regions of the plasma membrane. Biol Open 2016; 5:1380-1387. [PMID: 27543057 PMCID: PMC5087689 DOI: 10.1242/bio.019745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Matriptase and prostasin, acting as a tightly coupled proteolytic cascade, were reported to be required for epidermal barrier formation in mouse skin. Here we show that, in human skin, matriptase and prostasin are expressed with an inverse pattern over the course of differentiation. Matriptase was detected primarily in epidermal basal keratinocytes and the basaloid cells in the outer root sheath of hair follicles and the sebaceous gland, where prostasin was not detected. In contrast, prostasin was detected primarily in differentiated cells in the epidermal granular layer, the inner root sheath of hair follicles, and the sebaceous gland, where matriptase expression is negligible. While co-expressed in the middle stage of differentiation, prostasin was detected as polarized patches, and matriptase at intercellular junctions. Targeting to different subcellular localizations is also observed in HaCaT human keratinocytes, in which matriptase was detected primarily at intercellular junctions, and prostasin primarily on membrane protrusion. Furthermore, upon induction of zymogen activation, free active prostasin remains cell-associated and free active matriptase is rapidly shed into the extracellular milieu. Our data suggest that matriptase and prostasin likely function as independent entities in human skin rather than as a tightly coupled proteolytic cascade as observed in mouse skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hsin Lai
- Department of Dentistry Renai Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei 114, Taiwan Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Cheng Chang
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shuang-Ho Hospital. School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ju Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jie J Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Jun J Lai
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology Georgetown University Washington DC 20057, USA
| | - Hsiang-Hua D Chang
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology Georgetown University Washington DC 20057, USA
| | - Eric B Berens
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology Georgetown University Washington DC 20057, USA
| | - Michael D Johnson
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology Georgetown University Washington DC 20057, USA
| | - Jehng-Kang Wang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yong Lin
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology Georgetown University Washington DC 20057, USA
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8
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Chen CY, Chen CJ, Lai CH, Wu BY, Lee SP, Johnson MD, Lin CY, Wang JK. Increased matriptase zymogen activation by UV irradiation protects keratinocyte from cell death. J Dermatol Sci 2016; 83:34-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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9
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Antithrombin controls tumor migration, invasion and angiogenesis by inhibition of enteropeptidase. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27544. [PMID: 27270881 PMCID: PMC4897635 DOI: 10.1038/srep27544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Antithrombin is a key inhibitor of the coagulation cascade, but it may also function as an anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, anti-viral and anti-apoptotic protein. Here, we report a novel function of antithrombin as a modulator of tumor cell migration and invasion. Antithrombin inhibited enteropeptidase on the membrane surface of HT-29, A549 and U-87 MG cells. The inhibitory process required the activation of antithrombin by heparin, and the reactive center loop and the heparin binding domain were essential. Surprisingly, antithrombin non-covalently inhibited enteropeptidase, revealing a novel mechanism of inhibition for this serpin. Moreover, as a consequence of this inhibition, antithrombin was cleaved, resulting in a molecule with anti-angiogenic properties that reduced vessel-like formation of endothelial cells. The addition of antithrombin and heparin to U-87 MG and A549 cells reduced motility in wound healing assays, inhibited the invasion in transwell assays and the degradation of a gelatin matrix mediated by invadopodia. These processes were controlled by enteropeptidase, as demonstrated by RNA interference experiments. Carcinoma cell xenografts in nude mice showed in vivo co-localization of enteropeptidase and antithrombin. Finally, treatment with heparin reduced experimental metastasis induced by HT29 cells in vivo. In conclusion, the inhibition of enteropeptidase by antithrombin may have a double anti-tumor effect through inhibiting a protease involved in metastasis and generating an anti-angiogenic molecule.
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Chen YW, Yin S, Lai YJJ, Johnson MD, Lin CY. Plasminogen-Dependent Matriptase Activation Accelerates Plasmin Generation by Differentiating Primary Human Keratinocytes. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:1210-1218. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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11
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Lai CH, Lai YJJ, Chou FP, Chang HHD, Tseng CC, Johnson MD, Wang JK, Lin CY. Matriptase Complexes and Prostasin Complexes with HAI-1 and HAI-2 in Human Milk: Significant Proteolysis in Lactation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152904. [PMID: 27043831 PMCID: PMC4820252 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Significant proteolysis may occur during milk synthesis and secretion, as evidenced by the presence of protease-protease inhibitor complex containing the activated form of the type 2 transmembrane serine protease matriptase and the transmembrane Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor HAI-1. In order to identify other proteolysis events that may occur during lactation, human milk was analyzed for species containing HAI-1 and HAI-2 which is closely related to HAI-1. In addition to the previously demonstrated matriptase-HAI-1 complex, HAI-1 was also detected in complex with prostasin, a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored serine protease. HAI-2 was also detected in complexes, the majority of which appear to be part of higher-order complexes, which do not bind to ionic exchange columns or immunoaffinity columns, suggesting that HAI-2 and its target proteases may be incorporated into special protein structures during lactation. The small proportion HAI-2 species that could be purified contain matriptase or prostasin. Human mammary epithelial cells are the likely cellular sources for these HAI-1 and HAI-2 complexes with matriptase and prostasin given that these protease-inhibitor complexes with the exception of prostasin-HAI-2 complex were detected in milk-derived mammary epithelial cells. The presence of these protease-inhibitor complexes in human milk provides in vivo evidence that the proteolytic activity of matriptase and prostasin are significantly elevated at least during lactation, and possibly contribute to the process of lactation, and that they are under tight control by HAI-1 and HAI-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hsin Lai
- Department of Dentistry Renai Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Jung J. Lai
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Feng-Pai Chou
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Hsiang-Hua D. Chang
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Che Tseng
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Michael D. Johnson
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Jehng-Kang Wang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (CYL); (JKW)
| | - Chen-Yong Lin
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CYL); (JKW)
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IBA TOSHIAKI. Glycocalyx Regulates the Intravascular Hemostasis. JUNTENDO IJI ZASSHI 2016. [DOI: 10.14789/jmj.62.330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- TOSHIAKI IBA
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine
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13
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Wang JK, Teng IJ, Lo TJ, Moore S, Yeo YH, Teng YC, Kaul M, Chen CC, Zuo AH, Chou FP, Yang X, Tseng IC, Johnson MD, Lin CY. Matriptase autoactivation is tightly regulated by the cellular chemical environments. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93899. [PMID: 24705933 PMCID: PMC3976350 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of cells to rapidly detect and react to alterations in their chemical environment, such as pH, ionic strength and redox potential, is essential for cell function and survival. We present here evidence that cells can respond to such environmental alterations by rapid induction of matriptase autoactivation. Specifically, we show that matriptase autoactivation can occur spontaneously at physiological pH, and is significantly enhanced by acidic pH, both in a cell-free system and in living cells. The acid-accelerated autoactivation can be attenuated by chloride, a property that may be part of a safety mechanism to prevent unregulated matriptase autoactivation. Additionally, the thio-redox balance of the environment also modulates matriptase autoactivation. Using the cell-free system, we show that matriptase autoactivation is suppressed by cytosolic reductive factors, with this cytosolic suppression being reverted by the addition of oxidizing agents. In living cells, we observed rapid induction of matriptase autoactivation upon exposure to toxic metal ions known to induce oxidative stress, including CoCl2 and CdCl2. The metal-induced matriptase autoactivation is suppressed by N-acetylcysteine, supporting the putative role of altered cellular redox state in metal induced matriptase autoactivation. Furthermore, matriptase knockdown rendered cells more susceptible to CdCl2-induced cell death compared to control cells. This observation implies that the metal-induced matriptase autoactivation confers cells with the ability to survive exposure to toxic metals and/or oxidative stress. Our results suggest that matriptase can act as a cellular sensor of the chemical environment of the cell that allows the cell to respond to and protect itself from changes in the chemical milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jehng-Kang Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Jou Teng
- Department of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Jen Lo
- Department of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sean Moore
- Geenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yee Hui Yeo
- Department of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Chung Teng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Malvika Kaul
- Department of Pharmacology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Chiann-Chyi Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Annie Hong Zuo
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Fen-Pai Chou
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - I-Chu Tseng
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Michael D. Johnson
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Chen-Yong Lin
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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14
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Chu LL, Xu Y, Yang JR, Hu YA, Chang HH, Lai HY, Tseng CC, Wang HY, Johnson MD, Wang JK, Lin CY. Human cancer cells retain modest levels of enzymatically active matriptase only in extracellular milieu following induction of zymogen activation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92244. [PMID: 24663123 PMCID: PMC3963879 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The type 2 transmembrane serine protease matriptase is broadly expressed in human carcinomas and hematological cancers. The proteolytic activity of matriptase is a potential target of drugs and imaging probes. We assessed the fate of active matriptase following the induction of matriptase zymogen activation. Exposing eight human carcinoma cells to pH 6.0 buffer induced robust matriptase zymogen activation followed by rapid inhibition of the nascent active matriptase by hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor (HAI)-1. Consequently, no enzymatically active matriptase was detected in these cells. Some active matriptase is, however, rapidly shed to the extracellular milieu by these carcinoma cells. The lack of cell-associated active matriptase and the shedding of active matriptase were also observed in two hematological cancer lines. Matriptase shedding is correlated closely with the induction of matriptase activation, suggesting that matriptase activation and shedding are kinetically coupled. The coupling allows a proportion of active matriptase to survive HAI-1 inhibition by rapid shedding from cell surface. Our study suggests that cellular free, active matriptase is scarce and might not be an effective target for in vivo imaging and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ling Chu
- Department of Pharmacy, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yuan Xu
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Jie-Ru Yang
- Department of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-An Hu
- Department of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsiang-Hua Chang
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., United States of America
- Department of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hong-Yu Lai
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Chun-Che Tseng
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., United States of America
- Department of Biology, Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Hue-Yu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Michael D. Johnson
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Jehng-Kang Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- * E-mail: (C-YL); (J-KW)
| | - Chen-Yong Lin
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., United States of America
- * E-mail: (C-YL); (J-KW)
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15
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Godiksen S, Soendergaard C, Friis S, Jensen JK, Bornholdt J, Sales KU, Huang M, Bugge TH, Vogel LK. Detection of active matriptase using a biotinylated chloromethyl ketone peptide. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77146. [PMID: 24204759 PMCID: PMC3799725 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Matriptase is a member of the family of type II transmembrane serine proteases that is essential for development and maintenance of several epithelial tissues. Matriptase is synthesized as a single-chain zymogen precursor that is processed into a two-chain disulfide-linked form dependent on its own catalytic activity leading to the hypothesis that matriptase functions at the pinnacle of several protease induced signal cascades. Matriptase is usually found in either its zymogen form or in a complex with its cognate inhibitor hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor 1 (HAI-1), whereas the active non-inhibited form has been difficult to detect. In this study, we have developed an assay to detect enzymatically active non-inhibitor-complexed matriptase by using a biotinylated peptide substrate-based chloromethyl ketone (CMK) inhibitor. Covalently CMK peptide-bound matriptase is detected by streptavidin pull-down and subsequent analysis by Western blotting. This study presents a novel assay for detection of enzymatically active matriptase in living human and murine cells. The assay can be applied to a variety of cell systems and species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sine Godiksen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Proteases and Tissue Remodeling Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | - Stine Friis
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Proteases and Tissue Remodeling Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jan K. Jensen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Danish-Chinese Centre for Proteases and Cancer
| | - Jette Bornholdt
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katiuchia Uzzun Sales
- Proteases and Tissue Remodeling Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Mingdong Huang
- Danish-Chinese Centre for Proteases and Cancer
- State Key Lab of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Thomas H. Bugge
- Proteases and Tissue Remodeling Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lotte K. Vogel
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail:
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16
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Wu BY, Lee SP, Hsiao HC, Chiu H, Chen CY, Yeo YH, Lee HS, Chen YW, Kaul M, Kataoka H, Johnson MD, Wang JK, Lin CY. Matriptase expression and zymogen activation in human pilosebaceous unit. J Histochem Cytochem 2013; 62:50-9. [PMID: 24004857 DOI: 10.1369/0022155413505599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of human genetic disorders and mouse models reveal the important roles of matriptase in hair growth. Here, we investigate matriptase expression and zymogen activation in hair follicles. We show: 1) layer-dependent distribution patterns, with much higher matriptase expression in cells of the outer root sheath and matrix cells of the hair bulb than in cells of the inner root sheath; 2) cycle-dependent expression patterns, with matriptase expressed in the anagen and catagen phases of the hair lifecycle, but not in the telogen phase; 3) reduced expression of the matriptase inhibitor, HAI-1, in the catagen phase, suggesting increased proteolytic activity in this phase; and 4) definitive matriptase zymogen activation patterns, with the highest matriptase activation observed in matrix cells and outer root sheath cells in the isthmus/bulge region. In sebaceous glands, matriptase is highly expressed in basal and ductal cells, with much lower expression in the differentiated, lipid-filled cells of the interior. We also show that matriptase potently activates hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in vitro, and that the HGF receptor, c-Met, is co-expressed in those cells that express activated matriptase. Our observations suggest that the matriptase-HGF-c-MET pathway has the potential to be engaged, primarily in proliferative cells rather than terminally differentiated epithelial cells of the human pilosebaceous unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bai-Yao Wu
- Department of Dermatology, (BYW), National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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