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Liu D, Yang J, Cristea IM. Liquid-liquid phase separation in innate immunity. Trends Immunol 2024; 45:454-469. [PMID: 38762334 PMCID: PMC11247960 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2024.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Intrinsic and innate immune responses are essential lines of defense in the body's constant surveillance of pathogens. The discovery of liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) as a key regulator of this primal response to infection brings an updated perspective to our understanding of cellular defense mechanisms. Here, we review the emerging multifaceted role of LLPS in diverse aspects of mammalian innate immunity, including DNA and RNA sensing and inflammasome activity. We discuss the intricate regulation of LLPS by post-translational modifications (PTMs), and the subversive tactics used by viruses to antagonize LLPS. This Review, therefore, underscores the significance of LLPS as a regulatory node that offers rapid and plastic control over host immune signaling, representing a promising target for future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Liu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University; Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Jinhang Yang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University; Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Ileana M Cristea
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University; Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
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2
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Perurena-Prieto J, Callejas-Moraga EL, Sanz-Martínez MT, Colobran R, Guillén-Del-Castillo A, Simeón-Aznar CP. Prognostic value of anti-IFI16 autoantibodies in pulmonary arterial hypertension and mortality in patients with systemic sclerosis. Med Clin (Barc) 2024; 162:370-377. [PMID: 38302398 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2023.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the diagnostic value of anti-interferon gamma inducible protein 16 (IFI16) autoantibodies in systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients negative for all tested SSc-specific autoantibodies (SSc-seronegative patients) and to evaluate the clinical significance of these autoantibodies, whether isolated or in the presence of anti-centromere autoantibodies (ACA). METHODS Overall, 58 SSc-seronegative and 66 ACA-positive patients were included in the study. All patients were tested for anti-IFI16 autoantibodies by an in-house direct ELISA. Associations between clinical parameters and anti-IFI16 autoantibodies were analysed. RESULTS Overall, 17.2% of SSc-seronegative and 39.4% of ACA-positive patients were positive for anti-IFI16 autoantibodies. Anti-IFI16 autoantibodies were found only in patients within the limited cutaneous SSc (lcSSc) subset. A positive association between anti-IFI16 positivity and isolated pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) was found (odds ratio [OR]=5.07; p=0.014) even after adjusting for ACA status (OR=4.99; p=0.019). Anti-IFI16-positive patients were found to have poorer overall survival than negative patients (p=0.032). Cumulative survival rates at 10, 20 and 30 years were 96.9%, 92.5% and 68.7% for anti-IFI16-positive patients vs. 98.8%, 97.0% and 90.3% for anti-IFI16-negative-patients, respectively. Anti-IFI16-positive patients also had worse overall survival than anti-IFI16-negative patients after adjusting for ACA status in the multivariate Cox analysis (hazard ratio [HR]=3.21; p=0.043). CONCLUSION Anti-IFI16 autoantibodies were associated with isolated PAH and poorer overall survival. Anti-IFI16 autoantibodies could be used as a supplementary marker of lcSSc in SSc-seronegative patients and for identifying ACA-positive patients with worse clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janire Perurena-Prieto
- Immunology Division, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital (HUVH), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain; Translational Immunology Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | | | - María T Sanz-Martínez
- Immunology Division, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital (HUVH), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roger Colobran
- Immunology Division, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital (HUVH), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain; Translational Immunology Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain; Department of Clinical and Molecular Genetics, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital (HUVH), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Alfredo Guillén-Del-Castillo
- Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital (HUVH), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Carmen P Simeón-Aznar
- Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital (HUVH), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
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3
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Fan Z, Chen R, Yin W, Xie X, Wang S, Hao C. Effects of AIM2 and IFI16 on Infectious Diseases and Inflammation. Viral Immunol 2023; 36:438-448. [PMID: 37585649 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2023.0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Both absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) and interferon-inducible protein 16 (IFI16) are intracellular innate immune receptors that recognize double-stranded DNA released during pathogenic infection, leading to the assembly of the inflammasome. The assembly of the inflammasome results in the secretion of bioactive interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 and induces cell death through an inflammatory process called pyroptosis. Although the AIM2 inflammasome is generally harmful in the context of some aseptic inflammatory illnesses, it plays a protective role in infectious diseases. During inflammatory processes, there is competition between IFI16 and AIM2. In this review, we explore the impacts of IFI16 and AIM2 in infectious disease and aseptic inflammation, respectively, and how they compete.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Fan
- Department of Stomatology, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, P.R. China
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, P.R. China
| | - Wen Yin
- Department of Stomatology, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomei Xie
- Department of Stomatology, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, P.R. China
| | - Shan Wang
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Stomatology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, P.R. China
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, P.R. China
| | - Chunbo Hao
- Department of Stomatology, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, P.R. China
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4
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Liu D, Lum KK, Treen N, Núñez CT, Yang J, Howard T, Levine M, Cristea I. IFI16 phase separation via multi-phosphorylation drives innate immune signaling. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:6819-6840. [PMID: 37283074 PMCID: PMC10359621 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The interferon inducible protein 16 (IFI16) is a prominent sensor of nuclear pathogenic DNA, initiating innate immune signaling and suppressing viral transcription. However, little is known about mechanisms that initiate IFI16 antiviral functions or its regulation within the host DNA-filled nucleus. Here, we provide in vitro and in vivo evidence to establish that IFI16 undergoes liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) nucleated by DNA. IFI16 binding to viral DNA initiates LLPS and induction of cytokines during herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection. Multiple phosphorylation sites within an intrinsically disordered region (IDR) function combinatorially to activate IFI16 LLPS, facilitating filamentation. Regulated by CDK2 and GSK3β, IDR phosphorylation provides a toggle between active and inactive IFI16 and the decoupling of IFI16-mediated cytokine expression from repression of viral transcription. These findings show how IFI16 switch-like phase transitions are achieved with temporal resolution for immune signaling and, more broadly, the multi-layered regulation of nuclear DNA sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Liu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Krystal K Lum
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Nicholas Treen
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Corazón T Núñez
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Jinhang Yang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Timothy R Howard
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Michael Levine
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Ileana M Cristea
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
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5
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Wang X, Fu S, Yu J, Ma F, Zhang L, Wang J, Wang L, Tan Y, Yi H, Wu H, Xu Z. Renal interferon-inducible protein 16 expression is associated with disease activity and prognosis in lupus nephritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2023; 25:112. [PMID: 37393341 PMCID: PMC10314472 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-023-03094-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lupus nephritis (LN) is one of the most severe complications of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, the current management of LN remains unsatisfactory due to sneaky symptoms during early stages and lack of reliable predictors of disease progression. METHODS Bioinformatics and machine learning algorithms were initially used to explore the potential biomarkers for LN development. Identified biomarker expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and multiplex immunofluorescence (IF) in 104 LN patients, 12 diabetic kidney disease (DKD) patients, 12 minimal change disease (MCD) patients, 12 IgA nephropathy (IgAN) patients and 14 normal controls (NC). The association of biomarker expression with clinicopathologic indices and prognosis was analyzed. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and Gene Set Variation Analysis (GSVA) were utilized to explore potential mechanisms. RESULTS Interferon-inducible protein 16 (IFI16) was identified as a potential biomarker for LN. IFI16 was highly expressed in the kidneys of LN patients compared to those with MCD, DKD, IgAN or NC. IFI16 co-localized with certain renal and inflammatory cells. Glomerular IFI16 expression was correlated with pathological activity indices of LN, while tubulointerstitial IFI16 expression was correlated with pathological chronicity indices. Renal IFI16 expression was positively associated with systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLEDAI) and serum creatinine while negatively related to baseline eGFR and serum complement C3. Additionally, higher IFI16 expression was closely related to poorer prognosis of LN patients. GSEA and GSVA suggested that IFI16 expression was involved in adaptive immune-related processes of LN. CONCLUSION Renal IFI16 expression is a potential biomarker for disease activity and clinical prognosis in LN patients. Renal IFI16 levels may be used to shed light on predicting the renal response and develop precise therapy for LN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyao Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shaojie Fu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinyu Yu
- Department of Renal Pathology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Fuzhe Ma
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lihong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Basic Medical College of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiahui Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Luyu Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yue Tan
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Huanfa Yi
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Zhonggao Xu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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Choubey D. Cytosolic DNA sensor IFI16 proteins: Potential molecular integrators of interactions among the aging hallmarks. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 82:101765. [PMID: 36270606 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Cellular changes that are linked to aging in humans include genomic instability, telomere attrition, epigenetic alterations, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, and altered intercellular communications. The extent of the changes in these aging hallmarks and their interactions with each other are part of the human aging. However, the molecular mechanisms through which the aging hallmarks interact with each other remain unclear. Studies have indicated a potential role for the type I interferon (IFN) and p53-inducible IFI16 proteins in interactions with the aging hallmarks. The IFI16 proteins are members of the PYHIN protein family. Proteins in the family share a DNA-binding domain (the HIN domain) and a protein-protein interaction pyrin domain (PYD). IFI16 proteins are needed for cytosolic DNA-induced activation of the cGAS-STING pathway for type I IFN (IFN-β) expression. The pathway plays an important role in aging-related inflammation (inflammaging). Further, increased levels of the IFI16 proteins potentiate the cell growth inhibitory functions of the p53 and pRb tumor suppressors proteins. Moreover, IFI16 proteins are needed for most aging hallmarks. Therefore, here we discuss how an improved understanding of the role of the IFI16 proteins in integration of the aging hallmarks has potential to improve the human health and lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divaker Choubey
- Department of Environmental & Public Health Sciences University of Cincinnati, 160 Panzeca Way, P.O. Box 670056, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
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7
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Fan X, Jiao L, Jin T. Activation and Immune Regulation Mechanisms of PYHIN Family During Microbial Infection. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:809412. [PMID: 35145495 PMCID: PMC8822057 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.809412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system defenses against pathogen infections via patten-recognition receptors (PRRs). PRRs initiate immune responses by recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), including peptidoglycan, lipopolysaccharide, and nucleic acids. Several nucleic acid sensors or families have been identified, such as RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs), Toll-like receptors (TLRs), cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS), and PYHIN family receptors. In recent years, the PYHIN family cytosolic DNA receptors have increased attention because of their important roles in initiating innate immune responses. The family members in humans include Absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2), IFN-γ inducible protein 16 (IFI16), interferon-inducible protein X (IFIX), and myeloid cell nuclear differentiation antigen (MNDA). The PYHIN family members are also identified in mice, including AIM2, p202, p203, p204, and p205. Herein, we summarize recent advances in understanding the activation and immune regulation mechanisms of the PYHIN family during microbial infection. Furthermore, structural characterizations of AIM2, IFI16, p202, and p204 provide more accurate insights into the signaling mechanisms of PYHIN family receptors. Overall, the molecular details will facilitate the development of reagents to defense against viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojiao Fan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Lianying Jiao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Lianying Jiao,
| | - Tengchuan Jin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai, China
- Tengchuan Jin,
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8
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Antiochos B, Trejo-Zambrano D, Fenaroli P, Rosenberg A, Baer A, Garg A, Sohn J, Li J, Petri M, Goldman DW, Mecoli C, Casciola-Rosen L, Rosen A. The DNA sensors AIM2 and IFI16 are SLE autoantigens that bind neutrophil extracellular traps. eLife 2022; 11:72103. [PMID: 35608258 PMCID: PMC9129876 DOI: 10.7554/elife.72103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nucleic acid binding proteins are frequently targeted as autoantigens in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and other interferon (IFN)-linked rheumatic diseases. The AIM-like receptors (ALRs) are IFN-inducible innate sensors that form supramolecular assemblies along double-stranded (ds)DNA of various origins. Here, we investigate the ALR absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) as a novel autoantigen in SLE, with similar properties to the established ALR autoantigen interferon-inducible protein 16 (IFI16). We examined neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) as DNA scaffolds on which these antigens might interact in a pro-immune context. Methods AIM2 autoantibodies were measured by immunoprecipitation in SLE and control subjects. Neutrophil extracellular traps were induced in control neutrophils and combined with purified ALR proteins in immunofluorescence and DNase protection assays. SLE renal tissues were examined for ALR-containing NETs by confocal microscopy. Results AIM2 autoantibodies were detected in 41/131 (31.3%) SLE patients and 2/49 (4.1%) controls. Our SLE cohort revealed a frequent co-occurrence of anti-AIM2, anti-IFI16, and anti-DNA antibodies, and higher clinical measures of disease activity in patients positive for antibodies against these ALRs. We found that both ALRs bind NETs in vitro and in SLE renal tissues. We demonstrate that ALR binding causes NETs to resist degradation by DNase I, suggesting a mechanism whereby extracellular ALR-NET interactions may promote sustained IFN signaling. Conclusions Our work suggests that extracellular ALRs bind NETs, leading to DNase resistant nucleoprotein fibers that are targeted as autoantigens in SLE. Funding These studies were funded by NIH R01 DE12354 (AR), P30 AR070254, R01 GM 129342 (JS), K23AR075898 (CM), K08AR077100 (BA), the Jerome L. Greene Foundation and the Rheumatology Research Foundation. Dr. Antiochos and Dr. Mecoli are Jerome L. Greene Scholars. The Hopkins Lupus Cohort is supported by NIH grant R01 AR069572. Confocal imaging performed at the Johns Hopkins Microscopy Facility was supported by NIH Grant S10 OD016374.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Antiochos
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Division of RheumatologyBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Daniela Trejo-Zambrano
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Division of RheumatologyBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Paride Fenaroli
- Nephrology Unit, Parma University Hospital, Department of Medicine and SurgeryParmaItaly,Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Division of PathologyBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Avi Rosenberg
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Division of PathologyBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Alan Baer
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Division of RheumatologyBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Archit Garg
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Biophysics and Biophysical ChemistryBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Jungsan Sohn
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Division of RheumatologyBaltimoreUnited States,Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Biophysics and Biophysical ChemistryBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Jessica Li
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Division of RheumatologyBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Michelle Petri
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Division of RheumatologyBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Daniel W Goldman
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Division of RheumatologyBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Christopher Mecoli
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Division of RheumatologyBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Livia Casciola-Rosen
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Division of RheumatologyBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Antony Rosen
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Division of RheumatologyBaltimoreUnited States,Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Division of PathologyBaltimoreUnited States
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Iannucci A, Caneparo V, Raviola S, Debernardi I, Colangelo D, Miggiano R, Griffante G, Landolfo S, Gariglio M, De Andrea M. Toll-like receptor 4-mediated inflammation triggered by extracellular IFI16 is enhanced by lipopolysaccharide binding. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008811. [PMID: 32903274 PMCID: PMC7505474 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are endogenous molecules activating the immune system upon release from injured cells. Here we show that the IFI16 protein, once freely released in the extracellular milieu of chronically inflamed tissues, can function as a DAMP either alone or upon binding to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Specifically, using pull-down and saturation binding experiments, we show that IFI16 binds with high affinity to the lipid A moiety of LPS. Remarkably, IFI16 DAMP activity is potentiated upon binding to subtoxic concentrations of strong TLR4-activating LPS variants, as judged by TLR4-MD2/TIRAP/MyD88-dependent IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α transcriptional activation and release in stimulated monocytes and renal cells. Consistently, using co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) approaches, we show that IFI16 is a specific TLR4-ligand and that IFI16/LPS complexes display a faster stimulation turnover on TLR4 than LPS alone. Altogether, our findings point to a novel pathomechanism of inflammation involving the formation of multiple complexes between extracellular IFI16 and subtoxic doses of LPS variants, which then signal through TLR4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Iannucci
- CAAD—Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Valeria Caneparo
- CAAD—Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Stefano Raviola
- CAAD—Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Isacco Debernardi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Donato Colangelo
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Riccardo Miggiano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Gloria Griffante
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Medical School, Turin, Italy
| | - Santo Landolfo
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Medical School, Turin, Italy
| | - Marisa Gariglio
- CAAD—Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Marco De Andrea
- CAAD—Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Medical School, Turin, Italy
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10
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Riva G, Biolatti M, Pecorari G, Dell’Oste V, Landolfo S. PYHIN Proteins and HPV: Role in the Pathogenesis of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Microorganisms 2019; 8:microorganisms8010014. [PMID: 31861809 PMCID: PMC7023031 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, the human papillomavirus (HPV) emerged as an etiological cause of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), especially in the oropharynx. The role of two intracellular DNA sensors, which belong to the PYHIN family (interferon-inducible protein 16 (IFI16) and absent in melanoma 2 protein (AIM2)), has been analyzed in relation to HPV infection and head and neck carcinogenesis. In particular, IFI16 and AIM2 expression depends on HPV infection in HNSCC. They represent viral restriction factors and are key components of the intrinsic immunity activated against different viruses, including HPV. This review analyzed and summarized the recent findings about the role of PYHIN proteins in HPV+ and HPV− HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Riva
- Otorhinolaryngology Division, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (G.R.); (G.P.)
| | - Matteo Biolatti
- Laboratory of Pathogenesis of Viral Infections, Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (M.B.); (V.D.)
| | - Giancarlo Pecorari
- Otorhinolaryngology Division, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (G.R.); (G.P.)
| | - Valentina Dell’Oste
- Laboratory of Pathogenesis of Viral Infections, Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (M.B.); (V.D.)
| | - Santo Landolfo
- Laboratory of Pathogenesis of Viral Infections, Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (M.B.); (V.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-011-670-5636
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11
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De Andrea M, De Santis M, Caneparo V, Generali E, Sirotti S, Isailovic N, Guidelli GM, Ceribelli A, Fabbroni M, Simpatico A, Cantarini L, Gisondi P, Idolazzi L, Gariglio M, Selmi C. Serum IFI16 and anti-IFI16 antibodies in psoriatic arthritis. Clin Exp Immunol 2019; 199:88-96. [PMID: 31571199 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear interferon-inducible protein 16 (IFI16) and anti-IFI16 antibodies have been detected in subjects with several rheumatic diseases, often correlating with disease severity, and in this study we investigated their prevalence and clinical associations in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) compared to psoriasis (Pso). We tested sera and synovial fluids of patients with PsA for IFI16 protein levels by capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and for anti-IFI16 immunoglobulin (Ig)G and IgA by ELISA, protein radio-immunoprecipitation and immunoprecipitation-Western blot of IgG. Sera from patients with Pso and healthy subjects were used as controls, and in a subgroup of patients with PsA we also studied sera after treatment with etanercept. IFI16 was detectable in the sera of 66% of patients with Pso, 46% with PsA and 19% of controls. Among PsA cases, 51% of IFI16-positive cases had elevated levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) compared to 31% of patients with undetectable IFI16. Anti-IFI16 of both IgG and IgA isoforms were detected with significantly higher frequency in PsA and Pso compared to healthy controls, with higher IgG titres in patients with elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) (P = 0·015). Immunoprecipitation confirmed the presence of anti-IFI16 IgG antibodies and these preferentially recognized epitopes outside the N-terminus of the protein. Lastly, IFI16 was detected in one of seven and anti-IFI16 in three of seven synovial fluids from patients with PsA. Therefore, IFI16 and anti-IFI16 are detectable in serum and synovial fluid of PsA patients, especially in cases of elevated CRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- M De Andrea
- Department of Public Health and Paediatric Sciences, Turin Medical School, Turin, Italy.,Department of Translational Medicine, Novara Medical School, Novara, Italy.,Intrinsic Immunity Unit, CAAD, Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - M De Santis
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - V Caneparo
- Department of Public Health and Paediatric Sciences, Turin Medical School, Turin, Italy.,Department of Translational Medicine, Novara Medical School, Novara, Italy.,Intrinsic Immunity Unit, CAAD, Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - E Generali
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - S Sirotti
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - N Isailovic
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - G M Guidelli
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - A Ceribelli
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - M Fabbroni
- Department of Rheumatology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - A Simpatico
- Department of Rheumatology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - L Cantarini
- Department of Rheumatology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - P Gisondi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - L Idolazzi
- Department of Rheumatology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - M Gariglio
- Department of Translational Medicine, Novara Medical School, Novara, Italy.,Intrinsic Immunity Unit, CAAD, Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - C Selmi
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy.,Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
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12
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Helbi S, Ravanbakhsh B, Karimi M, Kooti W, Jivad N. Aligned Expression of IFI16 and STING Genes in RRMS Patients' Blood. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2019; 20:878-886. [PMID: 31362682 DOI: 10.2174/1871530319666190729112246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system. The most common disease phenotype is Relapsing-Remitting MS (RRMS). Beta interferons are the first line of RRMS patients' treatment. Interferon-inducible protein 16 (IFI16) as a DNA sensing molecule and its downstream complex stimulator of interferon genes (STING) play a critical role in the activation of type I interferons. Hence we aimed to evaluate the expression rate of IFI16 and STING in RRMS patients' blood under a different type of IFNβ treatment. METHODS In the present study, 99 individuals participated. The participants were divided into 4 groups: 28 control subjects, 25 new cases of RRMS patients, 25 RRMS patients treated with IFNβ-1a (B1a), 21 RRMS patients treated with IFNβ-1b (B1b). The EDTA-treated blood samples were taken and transferred at standard conditions to the Cellular and Molecular Research Center of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, RNA was extracted and converted into cDNA. To evaluate the expression of IFI16 and STING, the Real-Time PCR method using SYBR Green/ROX qPCR master mix was performed done. The level of genes expression was measured using 2-ΔΔCt method. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS v22 software. RESULTS Comparison of the IFI and STING mRNA expression in blood samples in association with gender and age showed no significant differences (p>0.05). Also, the evaluation of IFI16 mRNA level revealed that the IFI16 genes' expressions were remarkably higher in the new case group compared to the control group, however, STING expression did not show any significant difference. The mRNA levels of IFI16 and STING in IFNβ-treated groups were significantly lower than the new case group (p<0.001). Also, the genes' expressions in both the IFNβ-treated groups were significantly lower compared to the control group (p<0.001). In the assessment of the correlation of IFI16 and STING expressions with age and sex in different research groups, no statistically significant differences were seen (p>0.05). CONCLUSION Perhaps the IFNβ therapy decreases the IFI16 and STING expression in a STINGdependent pathway as a negative feedback mechanism for regulation of the immune system and suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines production. The important role of DNA sensing molecules and STING-dependent pathway in MS gives a new insight into future treatment based on STING-direct therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sobhan Helbi
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - Behnam Ravanbakhsh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mohammad Karimi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Wesam Kooti
- Lung Diseases and Allergy Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Nahid Jivad
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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13
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Roles of Inflammasomes in Inflammatory Kidney Diseases. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:2923072. [PMID: 31427885 PMCID: PMC6679869 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2923072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system has a central role in eliminating detrimental factors, by frequently launching inflammatory responses towards pathogen infection and inner danger signal outbreak. Acute and chronic inflammatory responses are critical determinants for consequences of kidney diseases, in which inflammasomes were inevitably involved. Inflammasomes are closely linked to many kidney diseases such as acute kidney injury and chronic kidney diseases. Inflammasomes are macromolecules consisting of multiple proteins, and their formation initiates the cleavage of procaspase-1, resulting in the activation of gasdermin D as well as the maturation and release of interleukin-1β and IL-18, leading to pyroptosis. Here, we discuss the mechanism in which inflammasomes occur, as well as their roles in inflammatory kidney diseases, in order to shed light for discovering new therapeutical targets for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory kidney diseases and consequent end-stage renal disease.
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14
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Sharma P, Gurung A, Dahal S. Connective Tissue Disorders in Patients With Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura: A Retrospective Analysis Using a National Database. J Clin Med Res 2019; 11:509-514. [PMID: 31236170 PMCID: PMC6575126 DOI: 10.14740/jocmr3850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prior reports have shown acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) co-existing with connective tissue disorders (CTD). However, these are mainly limited to case reports and case-series reports, and the patient characteristics and clinical outcomes in these patients are not well known. Methods We used National Inpatient Sample and Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database for the years 2009 to 2016 to identify all adult patients with TTP and searched for either the presence or absence of any co-existing CTD. These two cohorts of TTP patients were then compared using statistical methods for baseline patient characteristics and clinical outcomes. The primary outcome of interest was the all-cause in-hospital mortality and the secondary outcomes were in-hospital length of stay, in-hospital total charge and in-hospital complications. Results Of the 14,400 cases of TTP diagnosed between 2009 and 2016, nearly 9% (n = 1,247) had one or more underlying CTD. Patients with TTP were more likely to be young, black, female, with more than one comorbidity and with private insurance if they had an underlying CTD than when they did not have any underlying CTD. There was no difference in regards to the size, location or type of the hospital, or the time taken to initiate plasmapheresis. Patients being managed for TTP had a longer mean length of hospital stay and a greater mean total inpatient stay charge if they had underlying CTD. There was however no difference in the risks of inpatient mortality, acute coronary syndrome, cardiac arrest, acute stroke, need for mechanical ventilation or hemodialysis. Conclusion TTP and CTD frequently co-existed and contributed to a longer hospital stay and a greater hospital charge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Sharma
- Department of Medicine, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Aveena Gurung
- Department of Internal Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Woodhull Medical and Mental Health Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Sumit Dahal
- Hospitalist Service, St. Joseph Hospital, Bangor, ME, USA
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15
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Lupfer CR, Rippee-Brooks MD, Anand PK. Common Differences: The Ability of Inflammasomes to Distinguish Between Self and Pathogen Nucleic Acids During Infection. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 344:139-172. [PMID: 30798987 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The innate immune system detects the presence of pathogens based on detection of non-self. In other words, most pathogens possess intrinsic differences that can distinguish them from host cells. For example, bacteria and fungi have cell walls comprised of peptidoglycan and carbohydrates (like mannans), respectively. Germline encoded pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) and C-type lectin receptor (CLR) family have the ability to detect such unique pathogen associated features. However, some TLRs and members of the RIG-I-like receptor (RLR), NOD-like receptor (NLR), or AIM2-like receptor (ALR) family can sense pathogen invasion based on pathogen nucleic acids. Nucleic acids are not unique to pathogens, thus raising the question of how such PRRs evolved to detect pathogens but not self. In this chapter, we will examine the PRRs that sense pathogen nucleic acids and subsequently activate the inflammasome signaling pathway. We will examine the selective mechanisms by which these receptors distinguish pathogens from "self" and discuss the importance of such pathways in disease development in animal models and human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Lupfer
- Department of Biology, Missouri State University, Springfield, MO, United States.
| | | | - Paras K Anand
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
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16
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Caneparo V, Landolfo S, Gariglio M, De Andrea M. The Absent in Melanoma 2-Like Receptor IFN-Inducible Protein 16 as an Inflammasome Regulator in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: The Dark Side of Sensing Microbes. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1180. [PMID: 29892303 PMCID: PMC5985366 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2)-like receptors (ALRs) are a newly characterized class of pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) involved in cytosolic and nuclear pathogen DNA recognition. In recent years, two ALR family members, the interferon (IFN)-inducible protein 16 (IFI16) and AIM2, have been linked to the pathogenesis of various autoimmune diseases, among which systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has recently gained increasing attention. SLE patients are indeed often characterized by constitutively high serum IFN levels and increased expression of IFN-stimulated genes due to an abnormal response to pathogens and/or incorrect self-DNA recognition process. Consistently, we and others have shown that IFI16 is overexpressed in a wide range of autoimmune diseases where it triggers production of specific autoantibodies. In addition, evidence from mouse models supports a model whereby ALRs are required for IFN-mediated host response to both exogenous and endogenous DNA. Following interaction with cytoplasmic or nuclear nucleic acids, ALRs can form a functional inflammasome through association with the adaptor ASC [apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (CARD)] and with procaspase-1. Importantly, inflammasome-mediated upregulation of IL-1β and IL-18 production positively correlates with SLE disease severity. Therefore, targeting ALR sensors and their downstream pathways represents a promising alternative therapeutic approach for SLE and other systemic autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Caneparo
- Viral Pathogenesis Unit, Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, Turin Medical School, Turin, Italy.,Virology Unit, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), Department of Translational Medicine, Novara Medical School, Novara, Italy.,Intrinsic Immunity Unit, CAAD - Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Santo Landolfo
- Viral Pathogenesis Unit, Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, Turin Medical School, Turin, Italy
| | - Marisa Gariglio
- Virology Unit, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), Department of Translational Medicine, Novara Medical School, Novara, Italy.,Intrinsic Immunity Unit, CAAD - Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Marco De Andrea
- Viral Pathogenesis Unit, Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, Turin Medical School, Turin, Italy.,Virology Unit, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), Department of Translational Medicine, Novara Medical School, Novara, Italy.,Intrinsic Immunity Unit, CAAD - Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
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17
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Pang X, Li X, Mo Z, Huang J, Deng H, Lei Z, Zheng X, Feng Z, Xie D, Gao Z. IFI16 is involved in HBV-associated acute-on-chronic liver failure inflammation. BMC Gastroenterol 2018; 18:61. [PMID: 29743020 PMCID: PMC5944170 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-018-0791-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a hepatotropic DNA virus, and its DNA may be a potent inflammatory molecule. Interferon-inducible protein 16 (IFI16), a newly discovered DNA sensor, plays an important role in the process of inflammation in viral infections. Our study sought to identify a correlation between IFI16 expression and inflammation in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and HBV-associated acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF). METHODS We performed flow cytometry to measure IFI16 levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and used immunohistochemistry and western blotting to measure IFI16 protein levels in liver tissues. The cellular source of IFI16 was detected using double immunofluorescence. All datum were analyzed using SPSS 13.0 and GraphPad Prism 6. RESULTS The number of IFI16+ cells was significantly associated with the degree of inflammation. In detail, the number of IFI16+ cells was higher in livers but lower in PBMCs in HBV-ACLF patients than those in CHB patients and healthy controls. There was no significant difference between CHB patients and healthy controls in numbers of IFI6+ cells in livers and PBMCs. There was no significant relationship between IFI16 expression levels and HBV parameters. Furthermore, IFI16 was expressed in the nucleus of Kupffer cells (KCs), endothelial cells, natural killer cells, dendritic cells, and hepatic stellate cells in healthy donors and CHB patients, but only in the cytoplasm of KCs in the livers of HBV-ACLF patients. CONCLUSIONS IFI16 was closely related to the degree of inflammation in CHB and HBV-ACLF patients and may serve as a vital contributor to the pathogeneses of liver damage in HBV-ACLF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuqing Pang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun-Yat-SenUniversity, GuangZhou, China
- GuangDong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun-Yat-Sen University, GuangZhou, China
| | - Xinhua Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun-Yat-SenUniversity, GuangZhou, China
- GuangDong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun-Yat-Sen University, GuangZhou, China
| | - Zhishuo Mo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun-Yat-SenUniversity, GuangZhou, China
- GuangDong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun-Yat-Sen University, GuangZhou, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun-Yat-SenUniversity, GuangZhou, China
- GuangDong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun-Yat-Sen University, GuangZhou, China
| | - Hong Deng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun-Yat-SenUniversity, GuangZhou, China
- GuangDong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun-Yat-Sen University, GuangZhou, China
| | - Ziying Lei
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun-Yat-SenUniversity, GuangZhou, China
- GuangDong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun-Yat-Sen University, GuangZhou, China
| | - Xingrong Zheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun-Yat-SenUniversity, GuangZhou, China
- GuangDong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun-Yat-Sen University, GuangZhou, China
| | - Zhiying Feng
- Department of Pathology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun-Yat-Sen University, GuangZhou, China
| | - Dongying Xie
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun-Yat-SenUniversity, GuangZhou, China.
- GuangDong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun-Yat-Sen University, GuangZhou, China.
- , GuangZhou, China.
| | - Zhiliang Gao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun-Yat-SenUniversity, GuangZhou, China.
- GuangDong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun-Yat-Sen University, GuangZhou, China.
- , GuangZhou, China.
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18
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Li R, Tian C, Postlethwaite A, Jiao Y, Garcia-Godoy F, Pattanaik D, Wei D, Gu W, Li J. Rheumatoid arthritis and periodontal disease: What are the similarities and differences? Int J Rheum Dis 2018; 20:1887-1901. [DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.13240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rongbin Li
- Center of Integrative Research; The First Hospital of Qiqihaer City; Qiqihaer Heilongjiang China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and BME-Campbell Clinic; University of Tennessee Health Science Center; Memphis TN USA
| | - Cheng Tian
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and BME-Campbell Clinic; University of Tennessee Health Science Center; Memphis TN USA
| | - Arnold Postlethwaite
- Division of Connective Tissue Diseases; Department of Medicine; University of Tennessee Health Science Center; Memphis TN USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center; University of Tennessee Health Science Center; Memphis TN USA
| | - Yan Jiao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and BME-Campbell Clinic; University of Tennessee Health Science Center; Memphis TN USA
| | - Franklin Garcia-Godoy
- Bioscience Research Center; College of Dentistry; University of Tennessee Health Science Center; Memphis TN USA
| | - Debendra Pattanaik
- Division of Connective Tissue Diseases; Department of Medicine; University of Tennessee Health Science Center; Memphis TN USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center; University of Tennessee Health Science Center; Memphis TN USA
| | - Dongmei Wei
- Center of Integrative Research; The First Hospital of Qiqihaer City; Qiqihaer Heilongjiang China
| | - Weikuan Gu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and BME-Campbell Clinic; University of Tennessee Health Science Center; Memphis TN USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center; University of Tennessee Health Science Center; Memphis TN USA
| | - Jianwei Li
- Center of Integrative Research; The First Hospital of Qiqihaer City; Qiqihaer Heilongjiang China
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19
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Distinct Anti-IFI16 and Anti-GP2 Antibodies in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Their Variation with Infliximab Therapy. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2016; 22:2977-2987. [PMID: 27636380 DOI: 10.1097/mib.0000000000000926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by a chronic inflammation of the gut, partly driven by defects in the expression and function of pattern recognition receptors, including the IFI16 protein. Because this protein is a target for autoantibodies and its aberrant expression was reported in colonic mucosa from active patients with ulcerative colitis, we studied its expression and specific seroresponse in patients with IBD before and after infliximab (IFX) therapy. METHODS Anti-IFI16 antibodies (IgG and IgA subtypes) were measured in the sera of 74 patients with IBD: 48 patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and 26 patients with ulcerative colitis, prospectively harvested before and after IFX therapy. Anti-GP2 antibodies (both IgG and IgA subtypes) were also tested for comparison. The patient antibody statuses were qualitatively and quantitatively associated with disease phenotype and response to IFX therapy. RESULTS Significantly higher titers of anti-IFI16 IgG were found in both CD and ulcerative colitis patients compared with healthy controls. Anti-IFI16 IgA titers were also present in patients with CD. Anti-GP2 IgG subtype titers were significantly increased in patients with CD, as were IgA subtype titers. Significant changes in anti-IFI16 IgG subtype titers were observed after IFX in patients with CD who correlated with clinical remission or response. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight the importance of IFI16 in IBD pathogenesis showing that its de novo overexpression in the gut epithelial cells leads to a breakdown in immune tolerance and the subsequent development of specific autoantibodies. Anti-IFI16 IgG antibodies hold the potential to serve as a biomarker of response to IFX therapy.
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20
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Alunno A, Caneparo V, Bistoni O, Caterbi S, Terenzi R, Gariglio M, Bartoloni E, Manzo A, Landolfo S, Gerli R. Circulating Interferon-Inducible Protein IFI16 Correlates With Clinical and Serological Features in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2016; 68:440-5. [DOI: 10.1002/acr.22695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Antonio Manzo
- IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation/University of Pavia; Pavia Italy
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21
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Merayo-Chalico J, Apodaca E, Barrera-Vargas A, Alcocer-Varela J, Colunga-Pedraza I, González-Patiño A, Arauz A, Abud-Mendoza C, Martínez-Martínez M, Gómez-Martín D. Clinical outcomes and risk factors for posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in systemic lupus erythematosus: a multicentric case-control study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2016; 87:287-94. [PMID: 25804426 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2014-310145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a well-known but rare complication in patients (<1%) with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, current epidemiological data are quite scant. The aim of the present study was to describe potentially unrecognised risk factors. PATIENTS AND METHODS We performed a multicentre, retrospective case-control study in Mexico between 1999 and 2014. We included a total of 168 patients who accounted for 77 episodes of PRES, as follows: SLE/PRES, 43 patients with 48 episodes; SLE without PRES, 96 patients; and PRES without SLE, 29 patients. SLE diagnosis was considered when patients fulfilled ≥4 American College of Rheumatology criteria. PRES was defined by reversible neurological manifestations and MRI changes. RESULTS Patients with SLE/PRES were younger, presented with seizures as the most common manifestation (81%) and 18% had the typical occipital MRI finding. Hypertension (OR=16.3, 95% CI 4.03 to 65.8), renal dysfunction (OR=6.65, 95% CI 1.24 to 35.6), lymphopenia (OR=5.76, 95% CI 1.36 to 24.4), Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Activity Index ≥ 6 points (OR=1.11, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.22) and younger age (OR=0.86, 95% CI 0.81 to 0.91, p<0.001) were independent risk factors for development of PRES in SLE. Furthermore, dyslipidemia also characterised the association between PRES and SLE (OR=10.6, 95% CI 1.17 to 96.4). CONCLUSIONS This is the largest reported series of patients with SLE and PRES. We were able to corroborate the known risk factors for of PRES, and found two previously undescribed factors (lymphopenia and dyslipidemia), which suggests that endothelial dysfunction is a key element in PRES pathogenesis in lupus patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Merayo-Chalico
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Elia Apodaca
- Department of Internal Medicine, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ana Barrera-Vargas
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge Alcocer-Varela
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Iris Colunga-Pedraza
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario Dr José E González, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Alejandra González-Patiño
- Stroke Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Antonio Arauz
- Stroke Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Abud-Mendoza
- Regional Unit of Rheumatology and Osteoporosis, Hospital Central Dr Ignacio Morones Prieto, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Marco Martínez-Martínez
- Regional Unit of Rheumatology and Osteoporosis, Hospital Central Dr Ignacio Morones Prieto, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Diana Gómez-Martín
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
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22
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Stratmann SA, Morrone SR, van Oijen AM, Sohn J. The innate immune sensor IFI16 recognizes foreign DNA in the nucleus by scanning along the duplex. eLife 2015; 4:e11721. [PMID: 26673078 PMCID: PMC4829420 DOI: 10.7554/elife.11721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to recognize foreign double-stranded (ds)DNA of pathogenic origin in the intracellular environment is an essential defense mechanism of the human innate immune system. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying distinction between foreign DNA and host genomic material inside the nucleus are not understood. By combining biochemical assays and single-molecule techniques, we show that the nuclear innate immune sensor IFI16 one-dimensionally tracks long stretches of exposed foreign dsDNA to assemble into supramolecular signaling platforms. We also demonstrate that nucleosomes represent barriers that prevent IFI16 from targeting host DNA by directly interfering with these one-dimensional movements. This unique scanning-assisted assembly mechanism allows IFI16 to distinguish friend from foe and assemble into oligomers efficiently and selectively on foreign DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seamus R Morrone
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Antoine M van Oijen
- University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Jungsan Sohn
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
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23
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Alunno A, Caneparo V, Carubbi F, Bistoni O, Caterbi S, Bartoloni E, Giacomelli R, Gariglio M, Landolfo S, Gerli R. Interferon gamma-inducible protein 16 in primary Sjögren's syndrome: a novel player in disease pathogenesis? Arthritis Res Ther 2015; 17:208. [PMID: 26271464 PMCID: PMC4536589 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-015-0722-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction There is evidence that interferon is involved in the pathogenesis of primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS). The interferon-inducible IFI16 protein, normally expressed in cell nuclei, may be overexpressed, mislocalized in the cytoplasm and secreted in the extracellular milieu in several autoimmune disorders. This leads to tolerance breaking to this self-protein with consequent development of anti-IFI16 antibodies. The aim of this study was to identify the pathogenic and clinical significance of IFI16 and anti-IFI16 in pSS. Methods IFI16 and anti-IFI16 were assessed in the serum of 67 pSS patients and over 100 healthy donors by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. IFI16 was also evaluated by immunohistochemistry in minor salivary glands of 15 pSS patients and 10 subjects with sicca symptoms but without any clinical, serological or histological features of pSS. Results pSS patients display higher serum levels of both IFI16 and anti-IFI16 compared to healthy donors. IFI16 concentration was directly correlated with disease duration and focus score and inversely correlated with age at diagnosis. Moreover, IFI16 positivity was associated with concurrent positivity for rheumatoid factor. Interestingly, the direct correlation between IFI16 positivity and focus score was independent of disease duration and age at diagnosis. pSS minor salivary glands display marked expression and cytoplasmic mislocalization of IFI16 by acinar and ductal epithelial cells as well as infiltrating lymphocytes and peri/intralesional endothelium compared to minor salivary glands with normal architecture or nonspecific chronic sialadenitis. Within the mononuclear cell infiltrate, IFI16 expression appears to parallel the distribution of T lymphocytes. Conclusion Our data suggest that the IFI16 protein may be involved in the pathogenesis of glandular inflammation occurring in pSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Alunno
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Valeria Caneparo
- Virology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, Novara Medical School, Novara, Italy.
| | - Francesco Carubbi
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Onelia Bistoni
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Sara Caterbi
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Elena Bartoloni
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Roberto Giacomelli
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Marisa Gariglio
- Virology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, Novara Medical School, Novara, Italy.
| | - Santo Landolfo
- Viral Pathogenesis Unit, Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, Turin Medical School, Turin, Italy.
| | - Roberto Gerli
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
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Bawadekar M, De Andrea M, Lo Cigno I, Baldanzi G, Caneparo V, Graziani A, Landolfo S, Gariglio M. The Extracellular IFI16 Protein Propagates Inflammation in Endothelial Cells Via p38 MAPK and NF-κB p65 Activation. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2015; 35:441-53. [PMID: 25715050 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2014.0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear interferon-inducible-16 (IFI16) protein acts as DNA sensor in inflammasome signaling and as viral restriction factor. Following Herpesvirus infection or UV-B treatment, IFI16 delocalizes from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and is eventually released into the extracellular milieu. Recently, our group has demonstrated the occurrence of IFI16 in sera of systemic-autoimmune patients that hampers biological activity of endothelia through high-affinity membrane binding. As a continuation, we studied the activity of endotoxin-free recombinant IFI16 (rIFI16) protein on primary endothelial cells. rIFI16 caused dose/time-dependent upregulation of IL-6, IL-8, CCL2, CCL5, CCL20, ICAM1, VCAM1, and TLR4, while secretion of IL-6 and IL-8 was amplified with lipopolysaccharide synergy. Overall, cytokine secretion was completely inhibited in MyD88-silenced cells and partially by TLR4-neutralizing antibodies. By screening downstream signaling pathways, we found that IFI16 activates p38, p44/42 MAP kinases, and NF-kB. In particular, activation of p38 is an early event required for subsequent p44/42 MAP kinases activity and cytokine induction indicating a key role of this kinase in IFI16 signaling. Altogether, our data conclude that extracellular IFI16 protein alone or by synergy with lipopolysaccharide acts like Damage-associated molecular patterns propagating "Danger Signal" through MyD88-dependent TLR-pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandar Bawadekar
- 1 Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont , Novara, Italy .,2 Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD) , Novara, Italy .,3 Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Wisconsin
| | - Marco De Andrea
- 4 Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin , Medical School, Turin, Italy
| | - Irene Lo Cigno
- 1 Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont , Novara, Italy .,2 Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD) , Novara, Italy
| | - Gianluca Baldanzi
- 1 Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont , Novara, Italy
| | - Valeria Caneparo
- 1 Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont , Novara, Italy .,2 Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD) , Novara, Italy
| | - Andrea Graziani
- 1 Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont , Novara, Italy
| | - Santo Landolfo
- 4 Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin , Medical School, Turin, Italy
| | - Marisa Gariglio
- 1 Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont , Novara, Italy .,2 Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD) , Novara, Italy
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Nutlin-3-induced redistribution of chromatin-bound IFI16 in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vitro is associated with p53 activation. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2015; 36:252-8. [PMID: 25544361 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2014.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Interferon-γ inducible protein 16 (IFI16), a DNA sensor for DNA double-strand break (DSB), is expressed in most human hepatocellular carcinoma cell (HCC) lines. In this study we investigated the re-localization of chromatin-bound IFI16 by Nutlin-3, a DNA damage agent, in HCC cells in vitro, and the potential mechanisms. METHODS Human HCC SMMC-7721 (wild-type TP53), Huh-7 (mutant TP53), Hep3B (null TP53) and normal fetal liver L02 cell lines were examined. DSB damage in HCC cells was detected via γH2AX expression and foci formation assay. The expression of IFI16 and IFNB mRNA was measured using RT-PCR, and subcellular localization and expression of the IFI16 protein were detected using chromatin fractionation, Western blot analysis, and fluorescence microscopy. RESULTS Treatment of SMMC-7721 cells with Nutlin-3 (10 μmol/L) or etoposide (40 μmol/L) induced significant DSB damage. In SMMC-7721 cells, Nutlin-3 significantly increased the expression levels of IFI16 and IFNB mRNA, and partially redistributed chromatin-bound IFI16 protein to the cytoplasm. These effects were blocked by pretreatment with pifithrin-α, a p53 inhibitor. Furthermore, Nutlin-3 did not induce ectopic expression of IFI16 protein in Huh-7 and Hep3B cells. Moreover, the association of IFI16 with chromatin and Nutlin-3-induced changes in localization were not detected in L02 cells. CONCLUSION Nutlin-3 regulates the subcellular localization of IFI16 in HCC cells in vitro in a p53-dependent manner.
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26
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Tang W, Li W, Li Y, Zhang M, Zeng X. Electrochemical sensors based on multi-walled nanotubes for investigating the damage and action of 6-mercaptopurine on double-stranded DNA. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj01303h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Clear damage to dsDNA caused by 6-MP was observed. The damage to adenine was more severe than to guanine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwei Tang
- Department of Chemistry
- and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability
- Tongji University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Weihao Li
- Handan Municipal Centre for Disease Control and Prevention
- Handan
- China
| | - Yanfei Li
- School of Life Science and Technology
- Tongji University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology
- Tongji University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Xinping Zeng
- School of Life Science and Technology
- Tongji University
- Shanghai
- China
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27
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Type I IFNs as biomarkers in rheumatoid arthritis: towards disease profiling and personalized medicine. Clin Sci (Lond) 2014; 128:449-64. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20140554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
RA (rheumatoid arthritis) is a chronic rheumatic condition hallmarked by joint inflammation and destruction by self-reactive immune responses. Clinical management of RA patients is often hampered by its heterogeneous nature in both clinical presentation and outcome, thereby highlighting the need for new predictive biomarkers. In this sense, several studies have recently revealed a role for type I IFNs (interferons), mainly IFNα, in the pathogenesis of a subset of RA patients. Genetic variants associated with the type I IFN pathway have been linked with RA development, as well as with clinical features. Moreover, a role for IFNα as a trigger for RA development has also been described. Additionally, a type I IFN signature has been associated with the early diagnosis of RA and clinical outcome prediction in patients undergoing biological drug treatment, two challenging issues for decision-making in the clinical setting. Moreover, these cytokines have been related to endothelial damage and vascular repair failure in different autoimmune disorders. Therefore, together with chronic inflammation and disease features, they could probably account for the increased cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality of these patients. The main aim of the present review is to provide recent evidence supporting a role for type I IFNs in the immunopathology of RA, as well as to analyse their possible role as biomarkers for disease management.
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28
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Mislocalization of the interferon inducible protein IFI16 by environmental insults: implications in autoimmunity. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2014; 26:213-9. [PMID: 25466628 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear DNA sensor IFI16, a member of PYHIN family of proteins, was previously studied for its role in cell cycle regulation, tumor suppression, apoptosis and DNA damage signaling. Autoantibodies against IFI16 are prevalent in the sera of patients with systemic autoimmunity, thus depicting physiological significance as an autoantigen. At present, the nuclear IFI16 protein has been thoroughly investigated for its role as an innate immune sensor involved in inflammasome signaling and viral restriction. While the sub-cellular localization of IFI16 during such events has been known, very little knowledge about its presence and significance in the extracellular space is available. Recently our group has discovered the presence of circulating IFI16 in the sera from systemic autoimmune patients indicating that in this setting it may be mislocalized form its nuclear site and secreted in the extracellular milieu. In this review, we will discuss the leakage of endogenous IFI16 that has been experimentally proved using in vivo and in vitro models. Also we will comment on the significance of mislocalized inflammasome components in the extracellular space and how it can be responsible for chronic inflammation.
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29
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Klukova L, Bertok T, Petrikova M, Sediva A, Mislovicova D, Katrlik J, Vikartovska A, Filip J, Kasak P, Andicsová-Eckstein A, Mosnáček J, Lukáč J, Rovenský J, Imrich R, Tkac J. Glycoprofiling as a novel tool in serological assays of systemic sclerosis: a comparative study with three bioanalytical methods. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 853:555-562. [PMID: 25467503 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 10/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease seriously affecting patient's quality of life. The heterogeneity of the disease also means that identification and subsequent validation of biomarkers of the disease is quite challenging. A fully validated single biomarker for diagnosis, prognosis, disease activity and assessment of response to therapy is not yet available. The main aim of this study was to apply an alternative assay protocol to the immunoassay-based analysis of this disease by employment of sialic acid recognizing lectin Sambucus nigra agglutinin (SNA) to glycoprofile serum samples. To our best knowledge this is the first study describing direct lectin-based glycoprofiling of serum SSc samples. Three different analytical methods for glycoprofiling of serum samples relying on application of lectins are compared here from a bioanalytical point of view including traditional ELISA-like lectin-based method (ELLA), novel fluorescent lectin microarrays and ultrasensitive impedimetric lectin biosensors. Results obtained by all three bioanalytical methods consistently showed differences in the level of sialic acid present on glycoproteins, when serum from healthy people was compared to the one from patients having SSc. Thus, analysis of sialic acid content in human serum could be of a diagnostic value for future detection of SSc, but further work is needed to enhance selectivity of assays for example by glycoprofiling of a fraction of human serum enriched in antibodies for individual diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Klukova
- Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, Bratislava 845 38, Slovakia
| | - Tomas Bertok
- Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, Bratislava 845 38, Slovakia
| | - Miroslava Petrikova
- Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, Bratislava 845 38, Slovakia
| | - Alena Sediva
- Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, Bratislava 845 38, Slovakia
| | - Danica Mislovicova
- Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, Bratislava 845 38, Slovakia
| | - Jaroslav Katrlik
- Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, Bratislava 845 38, Slovakia
| | - Alica Vikartovska
- Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, Bratislava 845 38, Slovakia
| | - Jaroslav Filip
- Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, Bratislava 845 38, Slovakia
| | - Peter Kasak
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar; Department for Biomaterial Research, Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, Bratislava 845 41, Slovakia
| | - Anita Andicsová-Eckstein
- Department of Synthesis and Characterization of Polymers, Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, Bratislava 845 41, Slovakia
| | - Jaroslav Mosnáček
- Department of Synthesis and Characterization of Polymers, Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, Bratislava 845 41, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Lukáč
- National Institute of Rheumatic Diseases, Nábr. I. Krasku 4, Piešt'any 921 12, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Rovenský
- National Institute of Rheumatic Diseases, Nábr. I. Krasku 4, Piešt'any 921 12, Slovakia
| | - Richard Imrich
- Laboratory of Human Endocrinology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Vlárska 3, Bratislava 833 06, Slovakia
| | - Jan Tkac
- Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, Bratislava 845 38, Slovakia.
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Risk factors and clinical profile of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura in systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Is this a distinctive clinical entity in the thrombotic microangiopathy spectrum?: a case control study. Thromb Res 2014; 134:1020-7. [PMID: 25257921 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The association of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is rare. It is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Information about risk factors and clinical outcomes is scant. MATERIAL AND METHODS A retrospective case-control study was performed in a referral center in Mexico City between 1994 and 2013. Patients were diagnosed with TTP if they fulfilled the following criteria: microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia, thrombocytopenia, high LDH levels, normal fibrinogen and negative Coombs' test. Patients with SLE were diagnosed with ≥ 4 ACR criteria. We included three study groups: group A included patients with SLE-associated TTP (TTP/SLE; cases n = 22, TTP events n = 24); patients with non-autoimmune TTP (NA-TTP; cases n = 19, TTP events n = 22) were included in group B and patients with SLE without TTP (n = 48) in group C. RESULTS After multivariate analysis, lymphopenia < 1000/mm3 [OR 19.84, p = 0.037], high SLEDAI score three months prior to hospitalisation [OR 1.54, p = 0.028], Hg <7g/dL [OR 6.81, p = 0.026], low levels of indirect bilirubin [OR 0.51, p = 0.007], and less severe thrombocytopenia [OR 0.98, p = 0.009] were associated with TTP in SLE patients. Patients with TTP/SLE received increased cumulative steroid dose vs. NA-TTP (p = 0.006) and a higher number of immunosuppressive drugs (p = 0.015). Patients with TTP/SLE had higher survival than NA-TTP (p=0.033); however, patients hospitalised for TTP/SLE had a higher risk of death than lupus patients hospitalised for other causes CONCLUSIONS Lymphopenia is an independent risk factor for TTP/SLE. It is likely that patients with TTP/SLE present with less evident clinical features, so the level of suspicion must be higher to avoid delay in treatment.
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31
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Connolly DJ, Bowie AG. The emerging role of human PYHIN proteins in innate immunity: implications for health and disease. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 92:405-14. [PMID: 25199457 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The innate immune response depends on the ability of immune cells to detect pathogens through germline-encoded pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Recently discovered PRRs include some members of the Pyrin and HIN domain (PYHIN) family, which are encoded on an interferon-inducible gene cluster located on chromosome 1q23. There are five human PYHIN proteins; Absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2), IFN-γ inducible protein 16 (IFI16), Myeloid cell nuclear differentiation antigen (MNDA), Pyrin and HIN domain family member 1 (PYHIN1) and the recently identified Pyrin domain only protein 3 (POP3). Early studies reported roles for these proteins in cell cycle control, tumour suppression and transcriptional regulation. AIM2 and IFI16 have now been shown to be immune sensors of non-self DNA, such as that produced by viruses in infected cells. AIM2 binds DNA to activate the inflammasome, while IFI16 detection of DNA can lead to the up-regulation of type I interferons or inflammasome activation. Recent studies have shown how IFI16 senses DNA viruses, and also how viruses evade detection by IFI16, while structural studies have greatly advanced our understanding of how AIM2 and IFI16 bind DNA to activate these immune responses. Furthermore, following the identification of POP3, interplay between members of this gene cluster has been established, with POP3 acting as a negative regulator of the AIM2 and IFI16 inflammasomes. In this review we discuss the current understanding of how PYHIN proteins function in innate immunity, their role in disease and the therapeutic possibilities that arise as a result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dympna J Connolly
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Andrew G Bowie
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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32
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Tang W, Zhang M, Li W, Zeng X. An electrochemical sensor based on polyaniline for monitoring hydroquinone and its damage on DNA. Talanta 2014; 127:262-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.03.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Yi J, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Ma Y, Zhang C, Li Q, Liu B, Liu Z, Liu J, Zhang X, Zhuang R, Jin B. Increased plasma cell-free DNA level during HTNV infection: correlation with disease severity and virus load. Viruses 2014; 6:2723-34. [PMID: 25029493 PMCID: PMC4113790 DOI: 10.3390/v6072723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-free DNA (cf-DNA) in blood represents a promising DNA damage response triggered by virus infection or trauma, tumor, etc. Hantavirus primarily causes two diseases: haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS), depending on different Hantavirus species. The aim of this study was to evaluate plasma cf-DNA levels in acute phase of HFRS, and to correlate plasma cf-DNA with disease severity and plasma Hanttan virus (HTNV) load. We observed the appearance of cf-DNA in 166 plasma samples from 76 HFRS patients: the plasma cf-DNA levels peaked at the hypotensive stage of HFRS, and then decreased gradually. Until the diuretic stage, there was no significant difference in plasma cf-DNA level between patients and the healthy control. Exclusively in the febrile/hypotensive stage, the plasma cf-DNA levels of severe/critical patients were higher than those of the mild/moderate group. Moreover, the plasma cf-DNA value in the early stage of HFRS was correlated with HTNV load and disease severity. In most of the patients, plasma cf-DNA displayed a low-molecular weight appearance, corresponding to the size of apoptotic DNA. In conclusion, the plasma cf-DNA levels were dynamically elevated during HFRS, and correlated with disease severity, which suggests that plasma cf-DNA may be a potential biomarker for the pathogenesis and prognosis of HFRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yi
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Rd, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Rd, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Yusi Zhang
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Rd, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Ying Ma
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Rd, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Rd, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Rd, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Bei Liu
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Rd, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Zhijia Liu
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Rd, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Jiayun Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 15 Changle West Rd, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Xianqing Zhang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 15 Changle West Rd, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Ran Zhuang
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Rd, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Boquan Jin
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Rd, Xi'an 710032, China.
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Jakobsen MR, Paludan SR. IFI16: At the interphase between innate DNA sensing and genome regulation. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2014; 25:649-55. [PMID: 25027602 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2014.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
DNA carries the genetic code, and is also a potent stimulator of innate immune responses. IFI16 is a member of the family of PYHIN proteins and is composed of a PYRIN domain involved in homotypic protein-protein interactions and two HIN domains mediating DNA binding. PYHIN proteins have been described to possess functions as innate pattern recognition receptors or transcriptional regulators. Interestingly, it is now emerging that IFI16, which exhibits both nuclear and cytosolic location, possesses both of these functions. In this review we discuss the current literature on IFI16 and propose key questions now facing this field of research. We propose that IFI16 plays a central role in the close interaction between the innate immune system and cellular regulation of the genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin R Jakobsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Aarhus Research Center for Innate Immunology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Søren R Paludan
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Aarhus Research Center for Innate Immunology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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Cooperative assembly of IFI16 filaments on dsDNA provides insights into host defense strategy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 111:E62-71. [PMID: 24367117 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1313577111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether host DNA receptors have any capacity to distinguish self from nonself at the molecular level is an outstanding question in the innate immunity of mammals. Here, by using quantitative assays and electron microscopy, we show that cooperatively assembling into filaments on dsDNA may serve as an integral mechanism by which human IFN-inducible protein-16 (IFI16) engages foreign DNA. IFI16 is essential for defense against a number of different pathogens, and its aberrant activity is also implicated in several autoimmune disorders, such as Sjögren syndrome. IFI16 cooperatively binds dsDNA in a length-dependent manner and clusters into distinct protein filaments even in the presence of excess dsDNA. Consequently, the assembled IFI16⋅dsDNA oligomers are clearly different from the conventional noninteracting entities resembling beads on a string. The isolated DNA-binding domains of IFI16 engage dsDNA without forming filaments and with weak affinity, and it is the non-DNA-binding pyrin domain of IFI16 that drives the cooperative filament assembly. The surface residues on the pyrin domain that mediate the cooperative DNA binding are conserved, suggesting that related receptors use a common mechanism. These results suggest that IFI16 clusters into signaling foci in a switch-like manner and that it is capable of using the size of naked dsDNA as a molecular ruler to distinguish self from nonself.
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Unterholzner L. The interferon response to intracellular DNA: why so many receptors? Immunobiology 2013; 218:1312-21. [PMID: 23962476 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2013.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The detection of intracellular DNA has emerged to be a key event in the innate immune response to viruses and intracellular bacteria, and during conditions of sterile inflammation and autoimmunity. One of the consequences of the detection of DNA as a 'stranger' and a 'danger' signal is the production of type I interferons and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Much work has been dedicated to the elucidation of the signalling cascades that activate this DNA-induced gene expression programme. However, while many proteins have been proposed to act as sensors for intracellular DNA in recent years, none has been met with universal acceptance, and a theory linking all the recent observations is, as yet, lacking. This review presents the evidence for the various interferon-inducing DNA receptors proposed to date, and examines the hypotheses that might explain why so many different receptors appear to be involved in the innate immune recognition of intracellular DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Unterholzner
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK.
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