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Functions and cellular signaling by ribosomal extracellular RNA (rexRNA): Facts and hypotheses on a non-typical DAMP. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2023; 1870:119408. [PMID: 36503009 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Upon microbial infections with the subsequent host response of innate immunity, a variety of fragmented RNA- and DNA-based "Pathogen-associated molecular patterns" (PAMPs) are recognized mainly by endosomal or cytoplasmic host cell "Pattern recognition receptors" (PRRs), particularly "Toll-like receptors" (TLRs). Concomitantly, various self-extracellular RNA species (exRNAs) are present in extracellular body fluids where they contribute to diverse physiological and homeostatic processes. In principle, such exRNAs, including the most abundant one, ribosomal exRNA (rexRNA), are designated as "Danger-associated molecular patterns" (DAMPs) and are prevented by e.g. natural modifications from uncontrolled signaling via TLRs to avoid hyper-inflammatory responses or autoimmunity. Upon cellular stress or tissue damage/necrosis, the levels and composition of released self-exRNA species, either in free form, in complex with proteins or in association with extracellular vesicles (EVs), can change considerably. Among the self-exRNAs, rexRNA is considered as a non-typical DAMP, since it may induce inflammatory responses by cell membrane receptors, both in the absence or presence of PAMPs. Yet, its mode of receptor activation to mount inflammatory responses remains obscure. RexRNA also serves as a universal damaging factor in cardiovascular and other diseases independent of PRRs. In general, RNase1 provides a profound antagonist in these pathologies and in rexRNA-mediated inflammatory cell responses. Based on the extrapolation of the here described aspects of rexRNA-biology, further activities of this molecular entity are hypothesized that may stimulate additional research in this area.
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Preissner KT, Fischer S, Deindl E. Extracellular RNA as a Versatile DAMP and Alarm Signal That Influences Leukocyte Recruitment in Inflammation and Infection. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:619221. [PMID: 33392206 PMCID: PMC7775424 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.619221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon vascular injury, tissue damage, ischemia, or microbial infection, intracellular material such as nucleic acids and histones is liberated and comes into contact with the vessel wall and circulating blood cells. Such "Danger-associated molecular patterns" (DAMPs) may thus have an enduring influence on the inflammatory defense process that involves leukocyte recruitment and wound healing reactions. While different species of extracellular RNA (exRNA), including microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs, have been implicated to influence inflammatory processes at different levels, recent in vitro and in vivo work has demonstrated a major impact of ribosomal exRNA as a prominent DAMP on various steps of leukocyte recruitment within the innate immune response. This includes the induction of vascular hyper-permeability and vasogenic edema by exRNA via the activation of the "vascular endothelial growth factor" (VEGF) receptor-2 system, as well as the recruitment of leukocytes to the inflamed endothelium, the M1-type polarization of inflammatory macrophages, or the role of exRNA as a pro-thrombotic cofactor to promote thrombosis. Beyond sterile inflammation, exRNA also augments the docking of bacteria to host cells and the subsequent microbial invasion. Moreover, upon vessel occlusion and ischemia, the shear stress-induced release of exRNA initiates arteriogenesis (i.e., formation of natural vessel bypasses) in a multistep process that resembles leukocyte recruitment. Although exRNA can be counteracted for by natural circulating RNase1, under the conditions mentioned, only the administration of exogenous, thermostable, non-toxic RNase1 provides an effective and safe therapeutic regimen for treating the damaging activities of exRNA. It remains to be investigated whether exRNA may also influence viral infections (including COVID-19), e.g., by supporting the interaction of host cells with viral particles and their subsequent invasion. In fact, as a consequence of the viral infection cycle, massive amounts of exRNA are liberated, which can provoke further tissue damage and enhance virus dissemination. Whether the application of RNase1 in this scenario may help to limit the extent of viral infections like COVID-19 and impact on leukocyte recruitment and emigration steps in immune defense in order to limit the extent of associated cardiovascular diseases remains to be studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus T. Preissner
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical School, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Kerckhoff-Heart-Research-Institute, Department of Cardiology, Medical School, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Silvia Fischer
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical School, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Deindl
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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RNA Signaling in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension-A Double-Stranded Sword. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093124. [PMID: 32354189 PMCID: PMC7247700 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recognition of and response to pathogens and tissue injury is driven by the innate immune system via activation of pattern recognition receptors. One of the many patterns recognized is RNA and, while several receptors bind RNA, Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) is well placed for initial recognition of RNA molecules due to its localization within the endosome. There is a growing body of work describing a role for TLR3 in maintenance of vascular homeostasis. For example, TLR3 deficiency has been shown to play repair and remodeling roles in the systemic vasculature and in lung parenchyma. A hallmark of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is pulmonary vascular remodeling, yet drivers and triggers of this remodeling remain incompletely understood. Based on its role in the systemic vasculature, our group discovered reduced endothelial TLR3 expression in PAH and revealed a protective role for a TLR3 agonist in rodent models of pulmonary hypertension. This review will provide an overview of RNA signaling in the vasculature and how it relates to PAH pathobiology, including whether targeting double-stranded RNA signaling is a potential treatment option for PAH.
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Hernández-Reséndiz S, Muñoz-Vega M, Contreras WE, Crespo-Avilan GE, Rodriguez-Montesinos J, Arias-Carrión O, Pérez-Méndez O, Boisvert WA, Preissner KT, Cabrera-Fuentes HA. Responses of Endothelial Cells Towards Ischemic Conditioning Following Acute Myocardial Infarction. CONDITIONING MEDICINE 2018; 1:247-258. [PMID: 30338315 PMCID: PMC6191189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
One of the primary therapeutic goals of modern cardiology is to design strategies aimed at minimizing myocardial infarct size and optimizing cardiac function following acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Patients with AMI who underwent reperfusion therapy display dysfunction of the coronary endothelium. Consequently, ischemic endothelial cells become more permeable and weaken their natural anti-thrombotic and anti-inflammatory potential. Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is associated with activation of the humoral and cellular components of the hemostatic and innate immune system, and also with excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the inhibition of nitric oxide synthase, and with inflammatory processes. Given its essential role in the regulation of vascular homeostasis, involving platelets and leukocytes among others, dysfunctional endothelium can lead to increased risk of coronary vasospasm and thrombosis. Endothelial dysfunction can be prevented by ischemic conditioning with a protective intervention based on limited intermittent periods of ischemia and reperfusion. The molecular mechanisms and signal transduction pathways underlying conditioning phenomena in the coronary endothelium have been described as involving less ROS production, reduced adhesion of neutrophils to endothelial cells and diminished inflammatory reactions. This review summarizes our current understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating IRI-affected and -damaged coronary endothelium, and how ischemic conditioning may preserve its function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sauri Hernández-Reséndiz
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, NL, México
| | - Mónica Muñoz-Vega
- Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento y Sueño, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González. Ciudad de México, México
| | - Whendy E Contreras
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gustavo E Crespo-Avilan
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Oscar Arias-Carrión
- Molecular Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", C.D de México, México
| | - Oscar Pérez-Méndez
- Molecular Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", C.D de México, México
| | - William A Boisvert
- Kazan Federal University, Department of Microbiology, Kazan, Russian Federation
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Hawaii, USA
| | - Klaus T Preissner
- Kazan Federal University, Department of Microbiology, Kazan, Russian Federation
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical School, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Hector A Cabrera-Fuentes
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, NL, México
- Kazan Federal University, Department of Microbiology, Kazan, Russian Federation
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical School, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
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Preissner KT, Herwald H. Extracellular nucleic acids in immunity and cardiovascular responses: between alert and disease. Thromb Haemost 2017; 117:1272-1282. [PMID: 28594050 DOI: 10.1160/th-16-11-0858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Severe inflammatory complications are a potential consequence in patients with predetermined conditions of infections, pulmonary diseases, or cardiovascular disorders. Notably, the amplitude of the inflammatory response towards these complications can dictate the disease progression and outcome. During the recent years, evidence from basic research as well as from clinical studies has identified self-extracellular nucleic acids as important players in the crosstalk between immunity and cardiovascular diseases. These stress- or injury-induced endogenous polymeric macromolecules not only serve as "alarmins" or "Danger-associated molecular patterns" (DAMPs), but their functional repertoire goes far beyond such activities in innate immunity. In fact, (patho-) physiological functions of self-extracellular DNA and RNA are associated and in many cases causally related to arterial and venous thrombosis, atherosclerosis, ischemia-reperfusion injury or tumour progression. Yet, the underlying molecular mechanisms are far from being completely understood. Interestingly enough, however, novel antagonistic approaches in vitro and in vivo, particularly using natural endonucleases or synthetic nucleic acid binding polymers, appear to be promising and safe therapeutic options for future studies. The aim of this review article is to provide an overview of the current state of (patho-) physiological functions of self-extracellular nucleic acids with special emphasis on their role as beneficial / alerting or adverse / damaging factors in connection with immune responses, inflammation, thrombosis, and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus T Preissner
- Klaus T. Preissner, PhD, Department of Biochemistry, Medical School, Justus-Liebig-University, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany, Tel.: +49 641 994 7500, E-mail:
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Huang LY, Stuart C, Takeda K, D’Agnillo F, Golding B. Poly(I:C) Induces Human Lung Endothelial Barrier Dysfunction by Disrupting Tight Junction Expression of Claudin-5. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160875. [PMID: 27504984 PMCID: PMC4978501 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral infections are often accompanied by pulmonary microvascular leakage and vascular endothelial dysfunction via mechanisms that are not completely defined. Here, we investigated the effect of the Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) ligand polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [Poly(I:C)], a synthetic analog of viral double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) commonly used to simulate viral infections, on the barrier function and tight junction integrity of primary human lung microvascular endothelial cells. Poly(I:C) stimulated IL-6, IL-8, TNFα, and IFNβ production in conjunction with the activation of NF-κB and IRF3 confirming the Poly(I:C)-responsiveness of these cells. Poly(I:C) increased endothelial monolayer permeability with a corresponding dose- and time-dependent decrease in the expression of claudin-5, a transmembrane tight junction protein and reduction of CLDN5 mRNA levels. Immunofluorescence experiments revealed disappearance of membrane-associated claudin-5 and co-localization of cytoplasmic claudin-5 with lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1. Chloroquine and Bay11-7082, inhibitors of TLR3 and NF-κB signaling, respectively, protected against the loss of claudin-5. Together, these findings provide new insight on how dsRNA-activated signaling pathways may disrupt vascular endothelial function and contribute to vascular leakage pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yun Huang
- Laboratory of Plasma Derivatives, Division of Hematology Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Christine Stuart
- Laboratory of Plasma Derivatives, Division of Hematology Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kazuyo Takeda
- Microscopy and Imaging Core Facility, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Felice D’Agnillo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Division of Hematology Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (BG); (FD)
| | - Basil Golding
- Laboratory of Plasma Derivatives, Division of Hematology Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (BG); (FD)
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Abstract
Inflammatory and ischemic cardiovascular diseases, especially atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction, remain the number one cause of death in the Western world, whereas the therapeutic options currently available are still limited. Several recent findings have indicated that nucleic acids, particularly extracellular ribosomal RNA and micro-RNAs, significantly contribute to the adverse outcome of atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and other cardiovascular diseases. Extracellular RNAs act as novel danger-associated molecular pattern signals and potent cofactors in cardiovascular inflammation and thrombosis, particularly when accumulating in the extracellular space under tissue-damaging or pathological conditions. In this concise review article, the different entities of extracellular RNAs, their cellular sources, and their putative functional contribution to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases will be discussed. In fact, it remains a tightrope walk for these polyanionic molecules outside cells to promote defense reactions on the one side but to provoke cardiovascular disease development on the other side, dependent on their concentration, the environmental conditions, and the cellular stimuli engaged. Thus, we will discuss the mechanisms and cellular responses by which extracellular RNAs operate between defense and disease. Finally, natural counteracting molecules, such as RNase1, will be focused on to elaborate their protective functions in the context of inflammatory and ischemic cardiovascular diseases with the possibility to apply them as novel interventional strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma Zernecke
- From the Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (A.Z.); and Department of Biochemistry, Medical School, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany (K.T.P.).
| | - Klaus T Preissner
- From the Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (A.Z.); and Department of Biochemistry, Medical School, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany (K.T.P.).
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Jandl K, Stacher E, Bálint Z, Sturm EM, Maric J, Peinhaupt M, Luschnig P, Aringer I, Fauland A, Konya V, Dahlen SE, Wheelock CE, Kratky D, Olschewski A, Marsche G, Schuligoi R, Heinemann A. Activated prostaglandin D2 receptors on macrophages enhance neutrophil recruitment into the lung. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 137:833-43. [PMID: 26792210 PMCID: PMC4954606 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Prostaglandin (PG) D2 is an early-phase mediator in inflammation, but its action and the roles of the 2 D-type prostanoid receptors (DPs) DP1 and DP2 (also called chemoattractant receptor–homologous molecule expressed on TH2 cells) in regulating macrophages have not been elucidated to date. Objective We investigated the role of PGD2 receptors on primary human macrophages, as well as primary murine lung macrophages, and their ability to influence neutrophil action in vitro and in vivo. Methods In vitro studies, including migration, Ca2+ flux, and cytokine secretion, were conducted with primary human monocyte-derived macrophages and neutrophils and freshly isolated murine alveolar and pulmonary interstitial macrophages. In vivo pulmonary inflammation was assessed in male BALB/c mice. Results Activation of DP1, DP2, or both receptors on human macrophages induced strong intracellular Ca2+ flux, cytokine release, and migration of macrophages. In a murine model of LPS-induced pulmonary inflammation, activation of each PGD2 receptor resulted in aggravated airway neutrophilia, tissue myeloperoxidase activity, cytokine contents, and decreased lung compliance. Selective depletion of alveolar macrophages abolished the PGD2-enhanced inflammatory response. Activation of PGD2 receptors on human macrophages enhanced the migratory capacity and prolonged the survival of neutrophils in vitro. In human lung tissue specimens both DP1 and DP2 receptors were located on alveolar macrophages along with hematopoietic PGD synthase, the rate-limiting enzyme of PGD2 synthesis. Conclusion For the first time, our results show that PGD2 markedly augments disease activity through its ability to enhance the proinflammatory actions of macrophages and subsequent neutrophil activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Jandl
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Elvira Stacher
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Zoltán Bálint
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
| | - Eva Maria Sturm
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Jovana Maric
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Miriam Peinhaupt
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Petra Luschnig
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ida Aringer
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Alexander Fauland
- Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Viktoria Konya
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sven-Erik Dahlen
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Experimental Asthma and Allergy Research Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Craig E Wheelock
- Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dagmar Kratky
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andrea Olschewski
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
| | - Gunther Marsche
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Rufina Schuligoi
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Akos Heinemann
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
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Crnkovic S, Egemnazarov B, Jain P, Seay U, Gattinger N, Marsh LM, Bálint Z, Kovacs G, Ghanim B, Klepetko W, Schermuly RT, Weissmann N, Olschewski A, Kwapiszewska G. NPY/Y₁ receptor-mediated vasoconstrictory and proliferative effects in pulmonary hypertension. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 171:3895-907. [PMID: 24779394 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Pulmonary arteries (PAs) are innervated, but little is known about the role of neuronal axis in pulmonary hypertension (PH). Here, we have examined the role of the neuropeptide Y (NPY) and its Y₁ receptor in PH pathogenesis. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH NPY was localized by immunofluorescence. Expression of NPY and Y₁ receptor were determined by quantitative PCR. Cellular response to NPY stimulation was assessed by Western blotting, thymidine incorporation and calcium imaging. Wire myography and isolated perfused mouse lung were applied to study pulmonary vasoactive effects of NPY. Selective receptor antagonists were used to assess the contribution of receptor subtypes in mediating NPY effects. KEY RESULTS Samples from PH patients showed increased NPYergic innervation within the PA wall and higher Y₁ receptor expression, compared with donors. However, NPY levels were unchanged in both PA and serum. In the chronic hypoxic mouse model, Y₁ receptor were up-regulated, while expression of both NPY and Y₁ receptor was increased in the lungs of monocrotaline and SU5416-hypoxia rats. On a functional level, NPY acutely increased intracellular calcium levels and enhanced vasoconstriction of lung vessels preconstricted with adrenaline. Furthermore, NPY stimulated proliferation of human pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells and activated p38 and PKD pathways. Correspondingly, higher phosphorylation of PKD was observed in remodelled vessels from PH patients. The selective Y₁ receptor antagonist, BIBO 3304, concentration-dependently inhibited vasoconstrictive and proliferative effects of NPY. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS NPY and Y₁ receptor are possible mediators of both vasoconstriction and pulmonary vascular remodelling in PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Crnkovic
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria; Department of Experimental Anaesthesiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Didiasova M, Zakrzewicz D, Magdolen V, Nagaraj C, Bálint Z, Rohde M, Preissner KT, Wygrecka M. STIM1/ORAI1-mediated Ca2+ Influx Regulates Enolase-1 Exteriorization. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:11983-99. [PMID: 25805497 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.598425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells use broad spectrum proteolytic activity of plasmin to invade tissue and form metastatic foci. Cell surface-associated enolase-1 (ENO-1) enhances plasmin formation and thus participates in the regulation of pericellular proteolysis. Although increased levels of cell surface bound ENO-1 have been described in different types of cancer, the molecular mechanism responsible for ENO-1 exteriorization remains elusive. In the present study, increased ENO-1 protein levels were found in ductal breast carcinoma and on the cell surface of highly metastatic breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. Elevated cell surface-associated ENO-1 expression correlated with augmented MDA-MB-231 cell migratory and invasive properties. Exposure of MDA-MB-231 cells to LPS potentiated translocation of ENO-1 to the cell surface and its release into the extracellular space in the form of exosomes. These effects were independent of de novo protein synthesis and did not require the classical endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi pathway. LPS-triggered ENO-1 exteriorization was suppressed by pretreatment of MDA-MB-231 cells with the Ca(2+) chelator BAPTA or an inhibitor of endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase pump, cyclopiazonic acid. In line with these observations, the stromal interaction molecule (STIM) 1 and the calcium release-activated calcium modulator (ORAI) 1-mediated store-operated Ca(2+) entry were found to regulate LPS-induced ENO-1 exteriorization. Pharmacological blockage or knockdown of STIM1 or ORAI1 reduced ENO-1-dependent migration of MDA-MB-231 cells. Collectively, our results demonstrate the pivotal role of store-operated Ca(2+) channel-mediated Ca(2+) influx in the regulation of ENO-1 exteriorization and thus in the modulation of cancer cell migratory and invasive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslava Didiasova
- From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Giessen Lung Center, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Dariusz Zakrzewicz
- From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Giessen Lung Center, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Viktor Magdolen
- the Clinical Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Chandran Nagaraj
- the Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, 8010 Graz, Austria, and
| | - Zoltán Bálint
- the Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, 8010 Graz, Austria, and
| | - Manfred Rohde
- the Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Central Facility for Microscopy, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Klaus T Preissner
- From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Giessen Lung Center, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Malgorzata Wygrecka
- From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Giessen Lung Center, 35392 Giessen, Germany,
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Impact of extracellular RNA on endothelial barrier function. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 355:635-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-1850-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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