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Bao Q, Zhang X, Hao Z, Li Q, Wu F, Wang K, Li Y, Li W, Gao H. Advances in Polysaccharide-Based Microneedle Systems for the Treatment of Ocular Diseases. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2024; 16:268. [PMID: 39136800 PMCID: PMC11322514 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-024-01477-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
The eye, a complex organ isolated from the systemic circulation, presents significant drug delivery challenges owing to its protective mechanisms, such as the blood-retinal barrier and corneal impermeability. Conventional drug administration methods often fail to sustain therapeutic levels and may compromise patient safety and compliance. Polysaccharide-based microneedles (PSMNs) have emerged as a transformative solution for ophthalmic drug delivery. However, a comprehensive review of PSMNs in ophthalmology has not been published to date. In this review, we critically examine the synergy between polysaccharide chemistry and microneedle technology for enhancing ocular drug delivery. We provide a thorough analysis of PSMNs, summarizing the design principles, fabrication processes, and challenges addressed during fabrication, including improving patient comfort and compliance. We also describe recent advances and the performance of various PSMNs in both research and clinical scenarios. Finally, we review the current regulatory frameworks and market barriers that are relevant to the clinical and commercial advancement of PSMNs and provide a final perspective on this research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingdong Bao
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
- Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, People's Republic of China
- College of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhankun Hao
- College of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghua Li
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
- Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, People's Republic of China
- College of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250000, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Wu
- College of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250000, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaiyuan Wang
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenlong Li
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China.
- Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, People's Republic of China.
- College of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hua Gao
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China.
- Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, People's Republic of China.
- College of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250000, People's Republic of China.
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Anjani QK, Nainggolan ADC, Li H, Miatmoko A, Larrañeta E, Donnelly RF. Parafilm® M and Strat-M® as skin simulants in in vitro permeation of dissolving microarray patches loaded with proteins. Int J Pharm 2024; 655:124071. [PMID: 38554738 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
In vitro permeation studies play a crucial role in early formulation optimisation before extensive animal model investigations. Biological membranes are typically used in these studies to mimic human skin conditions accurately. However, when focusing on protein and peptide transdermal delivery, utilising biological membranes can complicate analysis and quantification processes. This study aims to explore Parafilm®M and Strat-M® as alternatives to dermatomed porcine skin for evaluating protein delivery from dissolving microarray patch (MAP) platforms. Initially, various MAPs loaded with different model proteins (ovalbumin, bovine serum albumin and amniotic mesenchymal stem cell metabolite products) were prepared. These dissolving MAPs underwent evaluation for insertion properties and in vitro permeation profiles when combined with different membranes, dermatomed porcine skin, Parafilm®M, and Strat-M®. Insertion profiles indicated that both Parafilm®M and Strat-M® showed comparable insertion depths to dermatomed porcine skin (in range of 360-430 µm), suggesting promise as membrane substitutes for insertion studies. In in vitro permeation studies, synthetic membranes such as Parafilm®M and Strat-M® demonstrated the ability to bypass protein-derived skin interference, providing more reliable results compared to dermatomed neonatal porcine skin. Consequently, these findings present valuable tools for preliminary screening across various MAP formulations, especially in the transdermal delivery of proteins and peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qonita Kurnia Anjani
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Megarezky, Jl. Antang Raya No. 43, Makassar 90234, Indonesia
| | | | - Huanhuan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Andang Miatmoko
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Airlangga University, Nanizar Zaman Joenoes Building, Campus C, Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia; Stem Cell Research and Development Center, Airlangga University, Institute of Tropical Disease Building, Campus C, Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Eneko Larrañeta
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Ryan F Donnelly
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
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Manna S, Gupta P, Nandi G, Jana S. Recent update on alginate based promising transdermal drug delivery systems. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2023; 34:2291-2318. [PMID: 37368494 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2023.2230847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Alongside oral delivery of therapeutics, transdermal delivery systems have gained increased patient acceptability over past few decades. With increasing popularity, novel techniques were employed for transdermal drug targeting which involves microneedle patches, transdermal films and hydrogel based formulations. Hydrogel forming ability along with other rheological behaviour makes natural polysaccharides an attractive option for transdermal use. Being a marine originated anionic polysaccharide, alginates are widely used in pharmaceutical, cosmetics and food industries. Alginate possesses excellent biodegradability, biocompatibility and mucoadhesive properties. Owing to many favourable properties required for transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS), the application of alginates are increasing in recent times. This review summarizes the source and properties of alginate along with several transdermal delivery techniques including the application of alginate for respective transdermal systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreejan Manna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Brainware University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Prajna Gupta
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, West Bengal, India
| | - Gouranga Nandi
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, West Bengal, India
| | - Sougata Jana
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Gupta College of Technological Sciences, Asansol, West Bengal, India
- Department of Health and Family Welfare, Directorate of Health Services, Kolkata, India
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Han W, Liu F, Liu G, Li H, Xu Y, Sun S. Research progress of physical transdermal enhancement techniques in tumor therapy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:3339-3359. [PMID: 36815500 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06219d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
The advancement and popularity of transdermal drug delivery (TDD) based on the physical transdermal enhancement technique (PTET) has opened a new paradigm for local tumor treatment. The drug can be directly delivered to the tumor site through the skin, thus avoiding the toxic side effects caused by the first-pass effect and achieving high patient compliance. Further development of PTETs has provided many options for antitumor drugs and laid the foundation for future applications of wearable closed-loop targeting drug delivery systems. In this highlight, the different types of PTETs and related mechanisms, and applications of PTET-related tumor detection and therapy are highlighted. According to their type and characteristics, PTETs are categorized as follows: (1) iontophoresis, (2) electroporation, (3) ultrasound, (4) thermal ablation, and (5) microneedles. PTET-related applications in the local treatment of tumors are categorized as follows: (1) melanoma, (2) breast tumor, (3) squamous cell carcinoma, (4) cervical tumor, and (5) others. The challenges and future prospects of existing PTETs are also discussed. This highlight will provide guidance for the design of PTET-based wearable closed-loop targeting drug delivery systems and personalized therapy for tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiang Han
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Fengyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116023, P. R. China.
| | - Guoxin Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Hongjuan Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Yongqian Xu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Shiguo Sun
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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Zhang XP, He YT, Li WX, Chen BZ, Zhang CY, Cui Y, Guo XD. An update on biomaterials as microneedle matrixes for biomedical applications. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:6059-6077. [PMID: 35916308 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb00905f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Microneedles (MNs) have been developed for various applications such as drug delivery, cosmetics, diagnosis, and biosensing. To meet the requirements of MNs used in these areas, numerous materials have been used for the fabrication of MNs. However, MNs will be exposed to skin tissues after piercing the stratum corneum barrier. Thus, it is necessary to ensure that the matrix materials of MNs have the characteristics of low toxicity, good biocompatibility, biodegradability, and sufficient mechanical properties for clinical application. In this review, the matrix materials currently used for preparing MNs are summarized and reviewed in terms of these factors. In addition, MN products used on the market and their applications are summarized in the end. This work may provide some basic information to researchers in the selection of MN matrix materials and in developing new materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 10029, China.
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Yu Ting He
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 10029, China.
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Wen Xuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 10029, China.
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Bo Zhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 10029, China.
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Can Yang Zhang
- Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering Division, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Yong Cui
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, East Street Cherry Park, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China.
| | - Xin Dong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 10029, China.
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
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Chen A, Luo Y, Xu J, Guan X, He H, Xuan X, Wu J. Latest on biomaterial-based therapies for topical treatment of psoriasis. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:7397-7417. [PMID: 35770701 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb00614f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is an autoimmune inflammatory disease which is fundamentally different from dermatitis. Its treatments include topical medications and systemic drugs depending on different stages of the disease. However, these commonly used therapies are falling far short of clinical needs due to various drawbacks. More precise therapeutic strategies with minimized side effects and improved compliance are highly demanded. Recently, the rapid development of biomaterial-based therapies has made it possible and promising to attain topical psoriasis treatment. In this review, we briefly describe the significance and challenges of the topical treatment of psoriasis and emphatically overview the latest progress in novel biomaterial-based topical therapies for psoriasis including microneedles, nanoparticles, nanofibers, and hydrogels. Current clinical trials related to each biomaterial are also summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Chen
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China. .,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Yuting Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Jie Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Xueran Guan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Huacheng He
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
| | - Xuan Xuan
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
| | - Jiang Wu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China. .,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
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7
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Don TM, Chen M, Lee IC, Huang YC. Preparation and characterization of fast dissolving ulvan microneedles for transdermal drug delivery system. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 207:90-99. [PMID: 35218808 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Dissolving microneedles made from natural polymers recently have gained much attention as an efficient transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS). For the first time, ulvan, a sulfated polysaccharide extracted from Ulva lactuca, was applied to fabricate dissolving microneedles through a two-step casting method. The ulvan microneedles (UMNs) made from 4% ulvan solution were in a pyramidal shape with an average height of 655 μm and an aspect ratio of 2.63. The in vitro skin insertion study showed the UMNs could totally penetrate into the porcine skin to the dermis layer and rapidly dissolved as the needle height was reduced by 90.3% after post-insertion of only 2 min. The rapid dissolution of UMNs in situ thus could release the loaded model drugs of rhodamine 6G (R6G) and bovine serum albumin-fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugate (FITC-BSA) in the skin tissue. The in vitro drug release profiles through porcine skin revealed the UMNs markedly enhanced the cumulative release of FITC-BSA. In addition, the UMNs had good biocompatibility towards normal cells of HaCaT and NIH3T3. Briefly, this study demonstrates the rapidly dissolving UMNs could effectively carry the drug into skin and thus can be developed as a potential TDDS in the pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trong-Ming Don
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tamkang University, No. 151 Yingzhuan Rd., Tamsui Dist., New Taipei City 251301, Taiwan
| | - Michelle Chen
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, No.2, Beining Rd., Zhongzheng Dist., Keelung City 20224, Taiwan
| | - I-Chi Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, No.101, Sec. 2, Guangfu Rd., Hsinchu City 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Cheng Huang
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, No.2, Beining Rd., Zhongzheng Dist., Keelung City 20224, Taiwan.
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Zhou Z, Xing M, Zhang S, Yang G, Gao Y. Process optimization of Ca 2+ cross-linked alginate-based swellable microneedles for enhanced transdermal permeability: More applicable to acidic drugs. Int J Pharm 2022; 618:121669. [PMID: 35306152 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We describe a swellable microneedle (SMN) consisting of Ca2+ cross-linked alginate, which expands the types of natural polymers available for SMN fabrication. After investigation of different fabrication methods, the alginate in situ hydrogel-based SMN with a flat substrate was successfully constructed, whose gelation was triggered by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid calcium disodium salt and D-(+)-glucono-1,5-lactone. With the addition of polyvinyl alcohol and trehalose, SMN possessed good mechanical properties. The biocompatibility of SMN was demonstrated through the tests of in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo skin irritation. With the assistance of SMN, the in vitro transdermal delivery efficiencies of drugs were significantly improved throughout 16 h. 3-O-ethyl ascorbic acid (EAA, pH = 4.81) exhibited a cumulative release of up to 83.83 ± 6.30%, which was consistent with zero-order kinetics, while tranexamic acid (TA, pH = 6.90) showed the most significant increase in delivery efficiency, which was consistent with the Higuchi model and Ritger-Peppas model. The SMN remained intact after the 16 h of EAA transdermal delivery, indicating its better suitability for acidic drugs. We believe that this technology has the potential to expand the range of drugs available for transdermal administration as well as the breadth of patient care applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zequan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 29, Zhongguancun East Road, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19, Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mengzhen Xing
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 29, Zhongguancun East Road, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19, Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Suohui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 29, Zhongguancun East Road, Beijing 100190, China; Beijing CAS Microneedle Technology Ltd, No. 22, Tianrong Street, Beijing 102609, China
| | - Guozhong Yang
- Beijing CAS Microneedle Technology Ltd, No. 22, Tianrong Street, Beijing 102609, China
| | - Yunhua Gao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 29, Zhongguancun East Road, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19, Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing CAS Microneedle Technology Ltd, No. 22, Tianrong Street, Beijing 102609, China.
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Damiri F, Kommineni N, Ebhodaghe SO, Bulusu R, Jyothi VGSS, Sayed AA, Awaji AA, Germoush MO, Al-malky HS, Nasrullah MZ, Rahman MH, Abdel-Daim MM, Berrada M. Microneedle-Based Natural Polysaccharide for Drug Delivery Systems (DDS): Progress and Challenges. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15020190. [PMID: 35215302 PMCID: PMC8875238 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In this focused progress review, the most widely accepted methods of transdermal drug delivery are hypodermic needles, transdermal patches and topical creams. However, microneedles (MNs) (or microneedle arrays) are low-invasive 3D biomedical constructs that bypass the skin barrier and produce systemic and localized pharmacological effects. In the past, biomaterials such as carbohydrates, due to their physicochemical properties, have been extensively used to manufacture microneedles (MNs). Due to their wide range of functional groups, carbohydrates enable the design and development of tunable properties and functionalities. In recent years, numerous microneedle products have emerged on the market, although much research needs to be undertaken to overcome the various challenges before the successful introduction of microneedles into the market. As a result, carbohydrate-based microarrays have a high potential to achieve a future step in sensing, drug delivery, and biologics restitution. In this review, a comprehensive overview of carbohydrates such as hyaluronic acid, chitin, chitosan, chondroitin sulfate, cellulose and starch is discussed systematically. It also discusses the various drug delivery strategies and mechanical properties of biomaterial-based MNs, the progress made so far in the clinical translation of carbohydrate-based MNs, and the promotional opportunities for their commercialization. In conclusion, the article summarizes the future perspectives of carbohydrate-based MNs, which are considered as the new class of topical drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fouad Damiri
- Laboratory of Biomolecules and Organic Synthesis (BIOSYNTHO), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences Ben M’Sick, University Hassan II of Casablanca, Casablanca 20000, Morocco;
- Correspondence: (F.D.); (M.H.R.); (M.M.A.-D.)
| | | | | | - Raviteja Bulusu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA;
| | - Vaskuri G. S. Sainaga Jyothi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad 500037, India;
| | - Amany A. Sayed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt;
| | - Aeshah A. Awaji
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University College of Taymaa, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mousa O. Germoush
- Biology Department, College of Science, Jouf University, P.O. Box 2014, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hamdan S. Al-malky
- Regional Drug Information Center, Ministry of Health, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammed Z. Nasrullah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Md. Habibur Rahman
- Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Korea
- Correspondence: (F.D.); (M.H.R.); (M.M.A.-D.)
| | - Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
- Correspondence: (F.D.); (M.H.R.); (M.M.A.-D.)
| | - Mohammed Berrada
- Laboratory of Biomolecules and Organic Synthesis (BIOSYNTHO), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences Ben M’Sick, University Hassan II of Casablanca, Casablanca 20000, Morocco;
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Trends in Drug- and Vaccine-based Dissolvable Microneedle Materials and Methods of Fabrication. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 173:54-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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11
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Swellable microneedles based transdermal drug delivery: Mathematical model development and numerical experiments. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2021.117005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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12
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Diagnostic and drug release systems based on microneedle arrays in breast cancer therapy. J Control Release 2021; 338:341-357. [PMID: 34428480 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Microneedle arrays have recently received much attention as cancer detection and treatment platforms, because invasive injections and detection of the biopsy are not needed, and drug metabolism by the liver, as well as adverse effects of systemic drug administration, are diminished. Microneedles have been used for diagnosis, vaccination, and in targeted drug delivery of breast cancer. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in diagnosis and targeted drug delivery for breast cancer treatment, using microneedle arrays to deliver active molecules through the skin. The results not only suggest that health and well-being of patients are improved, but also that microneedle arrays can deliver anticancer compounds in a relatively noninvasive manner, based on body weight, breast tumor size, and circulation time of the drug. Moreover, microneedles could allow simultaneous loading of multiple drugs and enable controlled release, thus effectively optimizing or preventing drug-drug interactions. This review is designed to encourage the use of microneedles for diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer, by describing general properties of microneedles, materials used for construction, mechanism of action, and principal benefits. Ongoing challenges and future perspectives for the application of microneedle array systems in breast cancer detection and treatment are highlighted.
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13
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Polymeric microneedles for transdermal delivery of nanoparticles: Frontiers of formulation, sterility and stability aspects. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Faraji Rad Z, Prewett PD, Davies GJ. An overview of microneedle applications, materials, and fabrication methods. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 12:1034-1046. [PMID: 34621614 PMCID: PMC8450954 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.12.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Microneedle-based microdevices promise to expand the scope for delivery of vaccines and therapeutic agents through the skin and withdrawing biofluids for point-of-care diagnostics - so-called theranostics. Unskilled and painless applications of microneedle patches for blood collection or drug delivery are two of the advantages of microneedle arrays over hypodermic needles. Developing the necessary microneedle fabrication processes has the potential to dramatically impact the health care delivery system by changing the landscape of fluid sampling and subcutaneous drug delivery. Microneedle designs which range from sub-micron to millimetre feature sizes are fabricated using the tools of the microelectronics industry from metals, silicon, and polymers. Various types of subtractive and additive manufacturing processes have been used to manufacture microneedles, but the development of microneedle-based systems using conventional subtractive methods has been constrained by the limitations and high cost of microfabrication technology. Additive manufacturing processes such as 3D printing and two-photon polymerization fabrication are promising transformative technologies developed in recent years. The present article provides an overview of microneedle systems applications, designs, material selection, and manufacturing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Faraji Rad
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield Central, QLD 4300, Australia
| | - Philip D Prewett
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
- Oxacus Ltd, Dorchester-on-Thames, OX10 7HN, United Kingdom
| | - Graham J Davies
- Faculty of Engineering, UNSW Australia, NSW 2052, Australia
- College of Engineering & Physical Sciences, School of Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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V BADHE R, ADKINE D, GODSE A. Development of Polylactic Acid and Bovine Serum Albumin-layered-coated Chitosan Microneedles Using Novel Bees Wax Mould. Turk J Pharm Sci 2021; 18:367-375. [PMID: 34157828 PMCID: PMC8231333 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2020.47897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Objectives This work illustrates a novel method of fabrication of polymeric microneedle (MN) construct using bees wax as mould and development of coated polymeric MNs for drug delivery. Materials and Methods A novel method of MN fabrication using bees wax as mould was established. The porous chitosan MN arrays were fabricated and coated with polylactic acid (PLA). The optimized MN arrays were coated with bovine serum albumin (BSA). The MNs were subjected to physiochemical and tensile strength characterization, followed by drug release study. The skin penetration and irritation study were performed in vivo in Wistar Albino rats. Results The constructed MN arrays contain MNs with 0.9 mm length, 600 μm width at the base, 30-60 μm diameter at the tip, and 1.5 mm distance between 2 needles. These MNs patch was having good mechanical strength (0.72 N/needle) and tensile strength 15.23 Mpa. The MN array patch had 6.26% swelling index and 98.5% drug release was observed on the 50th hr. Good penetration and no skin irritation was observed for optimized MN batch. Conclusion Polymeric MN arrays were successfully developed using bees wax mould and were successfully coated with PLA to deliver the BSA through skin epidermis layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra V BADHE
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Deepak ADKINE
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anagha GODSE
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Moniz T, Costa Lima SA, Reis S. Marine polymeric microneedles for transdermal drug delivery. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 266:118098. [PMID: 34044917 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Transdermal drug delivery is considered one of the most attractive routes for administration of pharmaceutic and cosmetic active ingredients due to the numerous advantages, especially over oral and intravenous methodologies. However, some limitations still exist mainly regarding the need to improve the drugs permeation across the skin. For this, several strategies have been described, considering the application of chemical permeation enhancers, drugs' nanoformulations and physical methods. Of these, microneedles have been proposed in the last years as promising strategies to enhance transdermal drug delivery. In this review, different types of microneedles are described, and the most commonly used methods of fabrication systematized, as well as the materials typically used and their main therapeutical applications. A special attention is paid to polymeric microneedles, particularly those made from sustainable marine polysaccharides like chitosan, alginate and hyaluronic acid. The applications of marine based polymeric microneedle devices for transdermal drug delivery are examined in detail and the perspectives of translation from the clinical trials to the market demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Moniz
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia A Costa Lima
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Salette Reis
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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Panda A, Sharma PK, Shivakumar H, Repka MA, Murthy SN. Nicotine loaded dissolving microneedles for nicotine replacement therapy. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.102300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Akhtar N, Singh V, Yusuf M, Khan RA. Non-invasive drug delivery technology: development and current status of transdermal drug delivery devices, techniques and biomedical applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 65:243-272. [PMID: 31926064 DOI: 10.1515/bmt-2019-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Pay-load deliveries across the skin barrier to the systemic circulation have been one of the most challenging delivery options. Necessitated requirements of the skin and facilitated skin layer cross-over delivery attempts have resulted in development of different non-invasive, non-oral methods, devices and systems which have been standardized, concurrently used and are in continuous upgrade and improvements. Iontophoresis, electroporation, sonophoresis, magnetophoresis, dermal patches, nanocarriers, needled and needle-less shots, and injectors are among some of the methods of transdermal delivery. The current review covers the current state of the art, merits and shortcomings of the systems, devices and transdermal delivery patches, including drugs' and other payloads' passage facilitation techniques, permeation and absorption feasibility studies, as well as physicochemical properties affecting the delivery through different transdermal modes along with examples of drugs, vaccines, genes and other payloads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naseem Akhtar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy,Buraydah Colleges, PO Box 31717, Qassim 51418, Saudi Arabia
| | - Varsha Singh
- Manav Rachna International University (MRIU) and Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Study (MRIIRS), Faridabad, HR 121 001, India
| | - Mohammad Yusuf
- College of Pharmacy, University of Taif, Taif Al-Haweiah, Taif, Saudi Arabia.https://orcid.org/0000-0003- 1417-7774
| | - Riaz A Khan
- Manav Rachna International University (MRIU) and Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Study (MRIIRS), Faridabad, HR 121 001, India.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia
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Arshad MS, Zafar S, Zahra AT, Zaman MH, Akhtar A, Kucuk I, Farhan M, Chang MW, Ahmad Z. Fabrication and characterisation of self-applicating heparin sodium microneedle patches. J Drug Target 2020; 29:60-68. [PMID: 32649227 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2020.1795180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop heparin sodium loaded microneedle patches using different compositions of polyvinyl alcohol polymer and sorbitol. A vacuum micromolding technique was used to fabricate microneedle patches while heparin sodium was loaded into needle tips. Physical features of patches were evaluated by measuring thickness, width, folding endurance and swelling percentage. Patches were also characterised by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy to determine the microneedle length and surface morphologies. A preliminary assessment of the microneedle performance was studied by examining the in-vitro insertion to the parafilm and recording the in-vitro drug release profile. In-vivo activity of patches was confirmed by measuring activated partial thromboplastin time and histological examination of the micropierced skin tissues. Prepared patches were clear, smooth; uniform in appearance; with sharp pointed microprojections and remained intact after 1000 folding. The microneedles were stiffer in nature, as they reproduce microcavities in the parafilm membrane following hand pushing without any structural loss. Insertion study results showed successful insertion of microneedles into the parafilm. Disrupted stratum corneum evident from histological examination confirmed successful insertion of the microneedle without affecting the vasculature. In-vitro release study confirmed ∼92% release of the loaded drug within 120 min. A significant prolongation of activated partial thromboplastin time (4 folds as compared to negative control) was recorded following the application of heparin sodium loaded microneedle patch onto rabbit skin. In conclusion microneedles are a valuable drug delivery system, benefiting the patients with minimal skin invasion and also allowing self-administration of heparin sodium in a sustained release manner for the management of chronic ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saman Zafar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Ambreen Akhtar
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - Israfil Kucuk
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Gebze technical University, Gebze, Turkey
| | - Muhammad Farhan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Ming-Wei Chang
- Nanotechnology and Integrated Bioengineering Centre, University of Ulster, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Zeeshan Ahmad
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
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Bonfante G, Lee H, Bao L, Park J, Takama N, Kim B. Comparison of polymers to enhance mechanical properties of microneedles for bio-medical applications. MICRO AND NANO SYSTEMS LETTERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s40486-020-00113-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AbstractTo pierce through the skin and interact with the first biofluid available, microneedles should be mechanically strong. However, some polymers used to fabricate microneedles yield insufficient strength for the fabrication of arrays (PDMS, highly porous structures, etc.). To enhance mechanical properties, piercing materials can be used. They aim to pierce the skin evenly and dissolve quickly, clearing the way for underlying microneedles to interact with the interstitial fluid (ISF). Three materials—carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), alginate, and hyaluronic acid (HA)—are discussed in this article. Low concentrations, for a quick dissolution while keeping enhancing effect, are used ranging from 1–5%(w/w) in deionized water. Their overall aspects, such as geometrical parameters (tip width, height, and width), piercing capabilities, and dissolution time, are measured and discussed. For breaking the skin barrier, two key parameters—a sharp tip and overall mechanical strength—are highlighted. Each material fails the piercing test at a concentration of 1%(w/w). Concentrations of 3%(w/w) and of 5%(w/w) are giving strong arrays able to pierce the skin. For the purpose of this study, HA at a concentration of 3%(w/w) results in arrays composed of microneedles with a tip width of 48 ± 8 μm and pierced through the foil with a dissolution time of less than 2 min.
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Pukfukdee P, Banlunara W, Rutwaree T, Limcharoen B, Sawutdeechaikul P, Pattarakankul T, Sansureerungsikul T, Toprangkobsin P, Leelahavanichkul A, Panchaprateep R, Asawanonda P, Palaga T, Wanichwecharungruang S. Solid Composite Material for Delivering Viable Cells into Skin Tissues via Detachable Dissolvable Microneedles. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:4581-4589. [PMID: 35025457 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Delivering cells to desired locations in the body is needed for disease treatments, tissue repairs, and various scientific investigations such as animal models for drug development. Here, we report the solid composite material that when embedded with viable cells, can temporarily keep cells alive. Using the material, we also show the fabrication of detachable dissolvable microneedles (DMNs) that can instantly deliver viable cells into skin tissue. B16-F10-murine-melanoma (B16-F10) and human-embryonic-kidney-293T (HEK293T) cells embedded in the solid matrix of the hyaluronic/polyvinylpyrolidone/maltose (HA/PVP/maltose) mixture show 50.6 ± 12.0 and 71.0 ± 5.96% survivals, respectively, when kept at 4 °C for 24 h. Detachable DMNs made of the HA/PVP/maltose mixture and loaded with B16-F10-cells were constructed, and the obtained DMN patches could detach the cell-loaded needles into the skin within 1 min of patch application. In vivo intradermal tumorgrafting mice with the DMNs containing 800 cells of B16-F10 developed tumors 10 times bigger in volume than tumors induced by hypodermic needle injection of suspension containing 100,000 cells. We anticipate this work to be a starting point for viable cell encapsulation in the solid matrix and viable cell delivery via DMNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puttikorn Pukfukdee
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Wijit Banlunara
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Teeranut Rutwaree
- Mineed Technology, 141-145 Innovation Cluster 2, Thailand Science Park, Pathumthani 12120 Thailand
| | - Benchaphorn Limcharoen
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | | | - Thitiporn Pattarakankul
- Center of Excellence in Advanced Materials and Bio-Interfaces, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | | | - Pattrawadee Toprangkobsin
- Nanotec-CU Center of Excellence on Food and Agriculture, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Asada Leelahavanichkul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | | | - Pravit Asawanonda
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Tanapat Palaga
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Singh P, Carrier A, Chen Y, Lin S, Wang J, Cui S, Zhang X. Polymeric microneedles for controlled transdermal drug delivery. J Control Release 2019; 315:97-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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25
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Cheng H, Liu M, Du X, Xu J, Zhai Y, Ji J, He S, Zhai G. Recent progress of micro-needle formulations: Fabrication strategies and delivery applications. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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26
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Courtenay AJ, McCrudden MTC, McAvoy KJ, McCarthy HO, Donnelly RF. Microneedle-Mediated Transdermal Delivery of Bevacizumab. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:3545-3556. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J. Courtenay
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, U.K
| | - Maelíosa T. C. McCrudden
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, U.K
| | - Kathryn J. McAvoy
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, U.K
| | - Helen O. McCarthy
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, U.K
| | - Ryan F. Donnelly
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, U.K
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Santos LF, Correia IJ, Silva AS, Mano JF. Biomaterials for drug delivery patches. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 118:49-66. [PMID: 29572160 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The limited efficiency of conventional drugs has been instigated the development of new and more effective drug delivery systems (DDS). Transdermal DDS, are associated with numerous advantages such its painless application and less frequent replacement and greater flexibility of dosing, features that triggered the research and development of such devices. Such systems have been produced using either biopolymer; or synthetic polymers. Although the first ones are safer, biocompatible and present a controlled degradation by human enzymes or water, the second ones are the most currently available in the market due to their greater mechanical resistance and flexibility, and non-degradation over time. This review highlights the most recent advances (mainly in the last five years) of patches aimed for transdermal drug delivery, focusing on the different materials (natural, synthetic and blends) and latest designs for the development of such devices, emphasizing also their combination with drug carriers that enable enhanced drug solubility and a more controlled release of the drug over the time. The benefits and limitations of different patches formulations are considered with reference to their appliance to transdermal drug delivery. Furthermore, a record of the currently available patches on the market is given, featuring their most relevant characteristics. Finally, a list of most recent/ongoing clinical trials regarding the use of patches for skin disorders is detailed and critical insights on the current state of patches for transdermal drug delivery are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lúcia F Santos
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Ilídio J Correia
- CICS UBI, Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, Av. Infante D Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - A Sofia Silva
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - João F Mano
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Banerjee A, Ibsen K, Iwao Y, Zakrewsky M, Mitragotri S. Transdermal Protein Delivery Using Choline and Geranate (CAGE) Deep Eutectic Solvent. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 28337858 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201601411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Transdermal delivery of peptides and other biological macromolecules is limited due to skin's inherent low permeability. Here, the authors report the use of a deep eutectic solvent, choline and geranate (CAGE), to enhance topical delivery of proteins such as bovine serum albumin (BSA, molecular weight: ≈66 kDa), ovalbumin (OVA, molecular weight: ≈45 kDa) and insulin (INS, molecular weight: 5.8 kDa). CAGE enhances permeation of BSA, OVA, and insulin into porcine skin ex vivo, penetrating deep into the epidermis and dermis. Studies using tritium-labeled BSA and fluorescein isothiocyanate labeled insulin show significantly enhanced delivery of proteins into and across porcine skin, penetrating the skin in a time-dependent manner. Fourier transform IR spectra of porcine stratum corneum (SC) samples before and after incubation in CAGE show a reduction in peak area attributed to SC lipid content, suggesting lipid extraction from the SC. Circular dichroism confirms that CAGE does not affect insulin's secondary conformation. In vivo studies in rats show that topical application of 10 U insulin dispersed in CAGE (25 U kg-1 insulin dose) leads to a highly significant 40% drop in blood glucose levels in 4 h that is relatively sustained for 12 h. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that CAGE is a promising vehicle for transdermal delivery of therapeutic proteins; specifically, as a noninvasive delivery alternative to injectable insulin for the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Banerjee
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Center for Bioengineering University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
| | - Kelly Ibsen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Center for Bioengineering University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
| | - Yasunori Iwao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering School of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Shizuoka Shizuoka 422‐8526 Japan
| | - Michael Zakrewsky
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Center for Bioengineering University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
| | - Samir Mitragotri
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Center for Bioengineering University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
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Demir YK, Metin AÜ, Şatıroğlu B, Solmaz ME, Kayser V, Mäder K. Poly (methyl vinyl ether-co-maleic acid) – Pectin based hydrogel-forming systems: Gel, film, and microneedles. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2017; 117:182-194. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2017.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Münch S, Wohlrab J, Neubert RHH. Dermal and transdermal delivery of pharmaceutically relevant macromolecules. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2017. [PMID: 28647443 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2017.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The skin offers an attractive way for dermal and transdermal drug delivery that is why the drug still needs certain qualities to transcend the outermost layer of the skin, the stratum corneum. The requirements are: drugs with a maximum molecular weight of 1kDa, high lipophilicity and a certain polarity. This would restrict the use of a transdermal delivery of macromolecules, which would make the drug more effective in therapeutic administration. Various studies have shown that macromolecules without support do not penetrate the human skin. This effect can be achieved using physical and chemical methods, as well as biological peptides. The most popular physical method is the use of microneedles to create micropores in the skin and release the active agent in different sections. But also, other methods have been tested. Microjets, lasers, electroporation, sonophoresis and iontophoresis are also promising methods to successfully deliver dermal and transdermal macromolecules. Additionally, there are different penetration enhancer groups and biological peptides, which are also considered to be interesting approaches of enabling macromolecules to travel along the skin. All these methods will be described and evaluated in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Münch
- Institute of Applied Dermatopharmacy (IADP), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - J Wohlrab
- Institute of Applied Dermatopharmacy (IADP), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany; Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - R H H Neubert
- Institute of Applied Dermatopharmacy (IADP), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany; Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany.
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Bhatnagar S, Chawla SR, Kulkarni OP, Venuganti VVK. Zein Microneedles for Transcutaneous Vaccine Delivery: Fabrication, Characterization, and in Vivo Evaluation Using Ovalbumin as the Model Antigen. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:1321-1332. [PMID: 30023631 PMCID: PMC6044761 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b00343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Transcutaneous antigen administration provides an alternative to invasive syringe injections. The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of fabrication and antigen delivery using microneedles made from corn protein, zein. Micromolding technique was used to cast cone-shaped zein microneedles (ZMNs). The insertion of ZMNs and the delivery of the model antigen, ovalbumin (OVA), into the skin was confirmed by histological examination and confocal microscopy. In addition, a significantly (p < 0.05) lower bacterial skin penetration was observed after ZMN application compared with hypodermic syringe application. OVA coated on ZMNs was stable after storage under ambient and refrigerator conditions. Transcutaneous immunization studies showed significantly (p < 0.001) greater antibody titers (total IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a) after the application of OVA-coated ZMNs and OVA intradermal injection compared with the control group. Taken together, antigen-coated ZMNs can be developed for transcutaneous vaccine delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhmita Bhatnagar
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Shameerpet, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana, India
| | | | - Onkar Prakash Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Shameerpet, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana, India
| | - Venkata Vamsi Krishna Venuganti
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Shameerpet, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana, India
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Wang M, Hu L, Xu C. Recent advances in the design of polymeric microneedles for transdermal drug delivery and biosensing. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:1373-1387. [PMID: 28352876 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00016b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Microneedles are an efficient and minimally invasive approach to transdermal drug delivery and extraction of skin interstitial fluid. Compared to solid microneedles made of silicon, metals and ceramics, polymeric microneedles have attracted extensive attention due to their excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability and nontoxicity. They are easy to fabricate in large scale and can load drugs in high amounts. More importantly, polymers with different degradation profiles, swelling properties, and responses to biological/physical stimuli can be employed to fabricate polymeric microneedles with different mechanical properties and performance. This review provides a guideline for the selection of polymers and the corresponding fabrication methods for polymeric microneedles while summarizing their recent application in drug delivery and fluid extraction. It should be noted that although polymeric microneedles can achieve efficient transdermal delivery of drugs, their wide applications were limited by their unsatisfactory transdermal therapeutic efficiency. Delivery of nanomedicines that incorporate drugs into functional nanoparticles/capsules can address this problem and thus may be an interesting direction in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Innovative Drug Research Centre, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
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Hoosain FG, Choonara YE, Kumar P, Tomar LK, Tyagi C, du Toit LC, Pillay V. In Vivo Evaluation of a PEO-Gellan Gum Semi-Interpenetrating Polymer Network for the Oral Delivery of Sulpiride. AAPS PharmSciTech 2017; 18:654-670. [PMID: 27184677 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-016-0538-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, an optimized epichlorohydrin-crosslinked semi-interpenetrating polymer network xerogel matrix system (XePoMas) for the controlled delivery of sulpiride was prepared. The ability of XePoMas to sustain drug release was determined by in vitro and in vivo drug release experiments. Swelling of the xerogel over the 24-h experimental period ranged from 346 to 648%; swelling was observed to increase exponentially over the initial 8 h. In vitro drug release depicted a linear zero order drug release profile with an R 2 value of 0.9956. The ability of the fabricated XePoMas to sustain drug release and enhance bioavailability of sulpiride in vivo was investigated by evaluating the plasma drug concentration over 24 h in the large pig model. The optimized XePoMas formulation was shown to increase intestinal absorption of sulpiride to a greater extent than the marketed product in vivo, with a C max of 830.58 ng/mL after 15 h.
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Lee IC, Wu YC, Tsai SW, Chen CH, Wu MH. Fabrication of two-layer dissolving polyvinylpyrrolidone microneedles with different molecular weights for in vivo insulin transdermal delivery. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra27476e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fabrication of two-layer dissolving polyvinylpyrrolidone microneedles for in vivo insulin transdermal delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- I.-Chi Lee
- Graduate Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering
- Chang-Gung University
- Tao-yuan 33302
- Republic of China
- Neurosurgery Department
| | - Yu-Chieh Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering
- Chang-Gung University
- Tao-yuan 33302
- Republic of China
| | - Shau-Wei Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering
- Chang-Gung University
- Tao-yuan 33302
- Republic of China
| | - Chih-Hao Chen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
- Chang Gung Memorial Hospital
- Tao-yuan 333
- Republic of China
| | - Min-Hsien Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering
- Chang-Gung University
- Tao-yuan 33302
- Republic of China
- Division of Hematology/Oncology
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Ramezanli T, Karry K, Zhang Z, Shah K, Michniak-Kohn B. Transdermal Delivery of Drugs Using Patches and Patchless Delivery Systems. Drug Deliv 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/9781118833322.ch11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
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Microneedle Coating Techniques for Transdermal Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2015; 7:486-502. [PMID: 26556364 PMCID: PMC4695830 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics7040486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug administration via the transdermal route is an evolving field that provides an alternative to oral and parenteral routes of therapy. Several microneedle (MN) based approaches have been developed. Among these, coated MNs (typically where drug is deposited on MN tips) are a minimally invasive method to deliver drugs and vaccines through the skin. In this review, we describe several processes to coat MNs. These include dip coating, gas jet drying, spray coating, electrohydrodynamic atomisation (EHDA) based processes and piezoelectric inkjet printing. Examples of process mechanisms, conditions and tested formulations are provided. As these processes are independent techniques, modifications to facilitate MN coatings are elucidated. In summary, the outcomes and potential value for each technique provides opportunities to overcome formulation or dosage form limitations. While there are significant developments in solid degradable MNs, coated MNs (through the various techniques described) have potential to be utilized in personalized drug delivery via controlled deposition onto MN templates.
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Alkilani AZ, McCrudden MTC, Donnelly RF. Transdermal Drug Delivery: Innovative Pharmaceutical Developments Based on Disruption of the Barrier Properties of the stratum corneum. Pharmaceutics 2015; 7:438-70. [PMID: 26506371 PMCID: PMC4695828 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics7040438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 500] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin offers an accessible and convenient site for the administration of medications. To this end, the field of transdermal drug delivery, aimed at developing safe and efficacious means of delivering medications across the skin, has in the past and continues to garner much time and investment with the continuous advancement of new and innovative approaches. This review details the progress and current status of the transdermal drug delivery field and describes numerous pharmaceutical developments which have been employed to overcome limitations associated with skin delivery systems. Advantages and disadvantages of the various approaches are detailed, commercially marketed products are highlighted and particular attention is paid to the emerging field of microneedle technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahlam Zaid Alkilani
- School of Pharmacy, 97 Lisburn Road, Queens University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK.
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Zarqa University, Zarqa 132222, Jordan.
| | - Maelíosa T C McCrudden
- School of Pharmacy, 97 Lisburn Road, Queens University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - Ryan F Donnelly
- School of Pharmacy, 97 Lisburn Road, Queens University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Kemal Demir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University
| | - Oya Kerimoglu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University
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Park CH, Tijing LD, Kim CS, Lee KM. Needle-free transdermal delivery using PLGA nanoparticles: Effect of particle size, injection pressure and syringe orifice diameter. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 123:710-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Demir YK, Akan Z, Kerimoglu O. Characterization of polymeric microneedle arrays for transdermal drug delivery. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77289. [PMID: 24194879 PMCID: PMC3806750 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microfabrication of dissolvable, swellable, and biodegradable polymeric microneedle arrays (MNs) were extensively investigated based in a nano sensitive fabrication style known as micromilling that is then combined with conventional micromolding technique. The aim of this study was to describe the polymer selection, and optimize formulation compounding parameters for various polymeric MNs. Inverse replication of micromilled master MNs reproduced with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), where solid out of plane polymeric MNs were subsequently assembled, and physicochemically characterized. Dissolvable, swellable, and biodegradable MNs were constructed to depth of less than 1 mm with an aspect ratio of 3.6, and 1/2 mm of both inter needle tip and base spacing. Micromolding step also enabled to replicate the MNs very precisely and accurate. Polymeric microneedles (MN) precision was ranging from ± 0.18 to ± 1.82% for microneedle height, ± 0.45 to ± 1.42% for base diameter, and ± 0.22 to ± 0.95% for interbase spacing. Although dissolvable sodium alginate MN showed less physical robustness than biodegradable polylactic-co-glycolic acid MN, their thermogravimetric analysis is of promise for constructing these polymeric types of matrix devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf K. Demir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Marmara University Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zafer Akan
- Department of Biophysics, Celal Bayar University School of Medicine, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Oya Kerimoglu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Marmara University Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul, Turkey
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Simpliciano C, Clark L, Asi B, Chu N, Mercado M, Diaz S, Goedert M, Mobed-Miremadi M. Cross-Linked Alginate Film Pore Size Determination Using Atomic Force Microscopy and Validation Using Diffusivity Determinations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/jsemat.2013.34a1001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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