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Faúndez F, Iñiguez G, Fehrmann-Cartes K. Detection of Escherichia coli O157H7 and Campylobacter jejuni in Bovine Carcasses in Two Slaughterhouses in Bio-Bío District, Chile. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2024; 21:409-415. [PMID: 38568114 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2023.0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli O157:H7 (E. coli O157:H7) and Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) are pathogenic microorganisms that can cause severe clinical symptoms in humans and are associated with bovine meat consumption. Specific monitoring for E. coli O157: H7 or C. jejuni in meat is not mandatory under Chilean regulations. In this study, we analyzed 544 samples for the detection of both microorganisms, obtained from 272 bovine carcasses (280 kg average) at two slaughterhouses in the Bio-Bío District, Chile. Sampling was carried out at post-shower of carcasses and after channel passage through the cold chamber. Eleven samples were found to be positive for E. coli O157:H7 (4.0%) using microbiological and biochemical detection techniques and were subjected to a multiplex PCR to detect fliC and rfbE genes. Six samples (2.2%) were also found to be positive for the pathogenicity genes stx1, stx2, and eaeA. Twenty-two carcasses (8.0%) were found to be positive for C. jejuni using microbiological and biochemical detection techniques, but no sample with amplified mapA gene was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Faúndez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Agronomía, Universidad de Las Américas, Concepción, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Iñiguez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Agronomía, Universidad de Las Américas, Concepción, Chile
| | - Karen Fehrmann-Cartes
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Agronomía, Universidad de Las Américas, Concepción, Chile
- Núcleo de Investigaciones Aplicadas en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Universidad de Las Américas, Concepción, Chile
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Ocejo M, Oporto B, Lavín JL, Hurtado A. Monitoring within-farm transmission dynamics of antimicrobial-resistant Campylobacter in dairy cattle using broth microdilution and long-read whole genome sequencing. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12529. [PMID: 37532746 PMCID: PMC10397349 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39588-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli are important foodborne zoonotic pathogens and cause for concern due to the increasing trend in antimicrobial resistance. A long-run surveillance study was conducted in animals from different age groups in five dairy cattle farms to investigate the within-farm diversity and transmission dynamics of resistant Campylobacter throughout time. The resistance phenotype of the circulating isolates (170 C. jejuni and 37 C. coli) was determined by broth microdilution and a selection of 56 isolates were whole genome sequenced using the Oxford-Nanopore long-fragment sequencing technology resulting in completely resolved and circularized genomes (both chromosomes and plasmids). C. jejuni was isolated from all farms while C. coli was isolated from only two farms, but resistance rates were higher in C. coli than in C. jejuni and in calves than in adult animals. Some genotypes (e.g. ST-48, gyrA_T86I/tet(O)/blaOXA-61 in farm F1; ST-12000, aadE-Cc/tet(O)/blaOXA-489 in F4) persisted throughout the study while others were only sporadically detected. Acquisition of extracellular genes from other isolates and intracellular mutational events were identified as the processes that led to the emergence of the resistant genotypes that spread within the herds. Monitoring with Oxford Nanopore Technologies sequencing helped to decipher the complex molecular epidemiology underlying the within-farm dissemination of resistant Campylobacter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medelin Ocejo
- Animal Health Department, NEIKER - Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Science and Technology Park 812L, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Beatriz Oporto
- Animal Health Department, NEIKER - Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Science and Technology Park 812L, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - José Luis Lavín
- Applied Mathematics Department, NEIKER - Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Science and Technology Park 812L, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Ana Hurtado
- Animal Health Department, NEIKER - Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Science and Technology Park 812L, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.
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Katz A, Porte L, Weitzel T, Varela C, Muñoz-Rehbein C, Ugalde JA, Grim C, González-Escalona N, Blondel CJ, Bravo V. Whole-genome sequencing reveals changes in genomic diversity and distinctive repertoires of T3SS and T6SS effector candidates in Chilean clinical Campylobacter strains. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1208825. [PMID: 37520433 PMCID: PMC10374022 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1208825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter is the leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide and an emerging and neglected pathogen in South America. This zoonotic pathogen colonizes the gastrointestinal tract of a wide range of mammals and birds, with poultry as the most important reservoir for human infections. Apart from its high morbidity rates, the emergence of resistant strains is of global concern. The aims of this work were to determine genetic diversity, presence of antimicrobial resistance determinants and virulence potential of Campylobacter spp. isolated from patients with acute gastrointestinal disease at 'Clinica Alemana', Santiago de Chile. The study considered the isolation of Campylobacter spp., from stool samples during a 20-month period (January 2020 to September 2021). We sequenced (NextSeq, Illumina) and performed an in-depth analysis of the genome sequences of 88 Campylobacter jejuni and 2 Campylobacter coli strains isolated from clinical samples in Chile. We identified a high genetic diversity among C. jejuni strains and the emergence of prevalent clonal complexes, which were not identified in our previous reports. While ~40% of strains harbored a mutation in the gyrA gene associated with fluoroquinolone resistance, no macrolide-resistance determinants were detected. Interestingly, gene clusters encoding virulence factors such as the T6SS or genes associated with long-term sequelae such as Guillain-Barré syndrome showed lineage-relatedness. In addition, our analysis revealed a high degree of variability regarding the presence of fT3SS and T6SS effector proteins in comparison to type strains 81-176, F38011, and NCTC 11168 and 488. Our study provides important insights into the molecular epidemiology of this emerging foodborne pathogen. In addition, the differences observed regarding the repertoire of fT3SS and T6SS effector proteins could have an impact on the pathogenic potential and transmissibility of these Latin American isolates, posing another challenge in characterizing the infection dynamics of this emergent and neglected bacterial pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assaf Katz
- Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lorena Porte
- Laboratorio Clínico, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Thomas Weitzel
- Laboratorio Clínico, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
- Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina (ICIM), Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carmen Varela
- Laboratorio Clínico, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristina Muñoz-Rehbein
- Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan A. Ugalde
- Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Christopher Grim
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Narjol González-Escalona
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Carlos J. Blondel
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina y Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Verónica Bravo
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Aplicadas (CIBAP), Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Brooks MR, Medley S, Ponder M, Alexander KA. Campylobacter in aquatic and terrestrial mammals is driven by life traits: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Ecol Evol 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2023.1070519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionCampylobacter spp. infections are responsible for significant diarrheal disease burden across the globe, with prevalence thought to be increasing. Although wild avian species have been studied as reservoirs of Campylobacter spp., our understanding of the role of wild mammalian species in disease transmission and persistence is limited. Host factors influencing infection dynamics in wild mammals have been neglected, particularly life traits, and the role of these factors in zoonotic spillover risk is largely unknown.MethodsHere, we conducted a systematic literature review, identifying mammalian species that had been tested for Campylobacter spp. infections (molecular and culture based). We used logistic regression to evaluate the relationship between the detection of Campylobacter spp. in feces and host life traits (urban association, trophic level, and sociality).ResultsOur analysis suggest that C. jejuni transmission is associated with urban living and trophic level. The probability of carriage was highest in urban-associated species (p = 0.02793) and the most informative model included trophic level. In contrast, C. coli carriage appears to be strongly influenced by sociality (p = 0.0113) with trophic level still being important. Detection of Campylobacter organisms at the genus level, however, was only associated with trophic level (p = 0.0156), highlighting the importance of this trait in exposure dynamics across host and Campylobacter pathogen systems.DiscussionWhile many challenges remain in the detection and characterization of Camploybacter spp., these results suggest that host life traits may have important influence on pathogen exposure and transmission dynamics, providing a useful starting point for more directed surveillance approaches.
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Sasaki Y, Asakura H, Asai T. Prevalence and fluoroquinolone resistance of Campylobacter spp. isolated from beef cattle in Japan. ANIMAL DISEASES 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s44149-022-00048-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractBeef is a source of human Campylobacter infections. Antimicrobial treatment is needed when patients are immunocompromised or have other comorbidities. Therefore, we investigated the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter spp. in beef cattle in Japan. Rectal swab samples were collected from 164 beef cattle at an abattoir between March 2021 and August 2021, and Campylobacter spp. were isolated from 94 (57.3%) cattle. C. jejuni and C. coli were isolated from 68 and 26 cattle, respectively. For Campylobacter jejuni, the resistant rates against ampicillin, tetracycline and ciprofloxacin were 20.6, 75.0 and 64.7%, respectively. For C. coli, the resistant rates against ampicillin, tetracycline and ciprofloxacin were 53.8, 76.9 and 88.5%, respectively. No Campylobacter isolates were resistant to erythromycin. By multilocus sequence typing, C. jejuni and C. coli isolates were classified into 22 and 2 sequence types (STs). The top three STs of C. jejuni were ST806 (12 isolates), ST21 (nine isolates), and ST459 (eight isolates). The most frequent ST of C. coli was ST1068 (23 isolates). The results suggest that Campylobacter spp. are prevalent in the gastrointestinal tract of beef cattle slaughtered at abattoirs. Furthermore, the administration of erythromycin is effective against human campylobacteriosis caused by beef consumption. Monitoring the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter spp. in beef cattle could be useful for managing the risk of human campylobacteriosis.
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Hudson LK, Andershock WE, Yan R, Golwalkar M, M’ikanatha NM, Nachamkin I, Thomas LS, Moore C, Qian X, Steece R, Garman KN, Dunn JR, Kovac J, Denes TG. Phylogenetic Analysis Reveals Source Attribution Patterns for Campylobacter spp. in Tennessee and Pennsylvania. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9112300. [PMID: 34835426 PMCID: PMC8625337 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacteriosis is the most common bacterial foodborne illness in the United States and is frequently associated with foods of animal origin. The goals of this study were to compare clinical and non-clinical Campylobacter populations from Tennessee (TN) and Pennsylvania (PA), use phylogenetic relatedness to assess source attribution patterns, and identify potential outbreak clusters. Campylobacter isolates studied (n = 3080) included TN clinical isolates collected and sequenced for routine surveillance, PA clinical isolates collected from patients at the University of Pennsylvania Health System facilities, and non-clinical isolates from both states for which sequencing reads were available on NCBI. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted to categorize isolates into species groups and determine the population structure of each species. Most isolates were C. jejuni (n = 2132, 69.2%) and C. coli (n = 921, 29.9%), while the remaining were C. lari (0.4%), C. upsaliensis (0.3%), and C. fetus (0.1%). The C. jejuni group consisted of three clades; most non-clinical isolates were of poultry (62.7%) or cattle (35.8%) origin, and 59.7 and 16.5% of clinical isolates were in subclades associated with poultry or cattle, respectively. The C. coli isolates grouped into two clades; most non-clinical isolates were from poultry (61.2%) or swine (29.0%) sources, and 74.5, 9.2, and 6.1% of clinical isolates were in subclades associated with poultry, cattle, or swine, respectively. Based on genomic similarity, we identified 42 C. jejuni and one C. coli potential outbreak clusters. The C. jejuni clusters contained 188 clinical isolates, 19.6% of the total C. jejuni clinical isolates, suggesting that a larger proportion of campylobacteriosis may be associated with outbreaks than previously determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren K. Hudson
- Department of Food Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA;
| | | | - Runan Yan
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (R.Y.); (J.K.)
| | - Mugdha Golwalkar
- Tennessee Department of Health, Nashville, TN 37243, USA; (M.G.); (K.N.G.); (J.R.D.)
| | | | - Irving Nachamkin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Linda S. Thomas
- Division of Laboratory Services, Tennessee Department of Health, Nashville, TN 37216, USA; (L.S.T.); (C.M.); (X.Q.); (R.S.)
| | - Christina Moore
- Division of Laboratory Services, Tennessee Department of Health, Nashville, TN 37216, USA; (L.S.T.); (C.M.); (X.Q.); (R.S.)
| | - Xiaorong Qian
- Division of Laboratory Services, Tennessee Department of Health, Nashville, TN 37216, USA; (L.S.T.); (C.M.); (X.Q.); (R.S.)
| | - Richard Steece
- Division of Laboratory Services, Tennessee Department of Health, Nashville, TN 37216, USA; (L.S.T.); (C.M.); (X.Q.); (R.S.)
| | - Katie N. Garman
- Tennessee Department of Health, Nashville, TN 37243, USA; (M.G.); (K.N.G.); (J.R.D.)
| | - John R. Dunn
- Tennessee Department of Health, Nashville, TN 37243, USA; (M.G.); (K.N.G.); (J.R.D.)
| | - Jasna Kovac
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (R.Y.); (J.K.)
| | - Thomas G. Denes
- Department of Food Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA;
- Correspondence:
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A Systematic Review on the Effectiveness of Pre-Harvest Meat Safety Interventions in Pig Herds to Control Salmonella and Other Foodborne Pathogens. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9091825. [PMID: 34576721 PMCID: PMC8466550 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This systematic review aimed to assess the effectiveness of pre-harvest interventions to control the main foodborne pathogens in pork in the European Union. A total of 1180 studies were retrieved from PubMed® and Web of Science for 15 pathogens identified as relevant in EFSA's scientific opinion on the public health hazards related to pork (2011). The study selection focused on controlled studies where a cause-effect could be attributed to the interventions tested, and their effectiveness could be inferred. Altogether, 52 studies published from 1983 to 2020 regarding Campylobacter spp., Clostridium perfringens, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Mycobacterium avium, and Salmonella spp. were retained and analysed. Research was mostly focused on Salmonella (n = 43 studies). In-feed and/or water treatments, and vaccination were the most tested interventions and were, overall, successful. However, the previously agreed criteria for this systematic review excluded other effective interventions to control Salmonella and other pathogens, like Yersinia enterocolitica, which is one of the most relevant biological hazards in pork. Examples of such successful interventions are the Specific Pathogen Free herd principle, stamping out and repopulating with disease-free animals. Research on other pathogens (i.e., Hepatitis E, Trichinella spiralis and Toxoplasma gondii) was scarce, with publications focusing on epidemiology, risk factors and/or observational studies. Overall, high herd health coupled with good management and biosecurity were effective to control or prevent most foodborne pathogens in pork at the pre-harvest level.
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Ocejo M, Oporto B, Lavín JL, Hurtado A. Whole genome-based characterisation of antimicrobial resistance and genetic diversity in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli from ruminants. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8998. [PMID: 33903652 PMCID: PMC8076188 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88318-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter, a leading cause of gastroenteritis in humans, asymptomatically colonises the intestinal tract of a wide range of animals.Although antimicrobial treatment is restricted to severe cases, the increase of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a concern. Considering the significant contribution of ruminants as reservoirs of resistant Campylobacter, Illumina whole-genome sequencing was used to characterise the mechanisms of AMR in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli recovered from beef cattle, dairy cattle, and sheep in northern Spain. Genome analysis showed extensive genetic diversity that clearly separated both species. Resistance genotypes were identified by screening assembled sequences with BLASTn and ABRicate, and additional sequence alignments were performed to search for frameshift mutations and gene modifications. A high correlation was observed between phenotypic resistance to a given antimicrobial and the presence of the corresponding known resistance genes. Detailed sequence analysis allowed us to detect the recently described mosaic tet(O/M/O) gene in one C. coli, describe possible new alleles of blaOXA-61-like genes, and decipher the genetic context of aminoglycoside resistance genes, as well as the plasmid/chromosomal location of the different AMR genes and their implication for resistance spread. Updated resistance gene databases and detailed analysis of the matched open reading frames are needed to avoid errors when using WGS-based analysis pipelines for AMR detection in the absence of phenotypic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medelin Ocejo
- Animal Health Department, NEIKER - Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Science and Technology Park 812L, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Beatriz Oporto
- Animal Health Department, NEIKER - Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Science and Technology Park 812L, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - José Luis Lavín
- Applied Mathematics Department, Bioinformatics Unit, NEIKER - Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Science and Technology Park 812L, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Ana Hurtado
- Animal Health Department, NEIKER - Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Science and Technology Park 812L, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.
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Lazou TP, Gelasakis AI, Chaintoutis SC, Iossifidou EG, Dovas CI. Method-Dependent Implications in Foodborne Pathogen Quantification: The Case of Campylobacter coli Survival on Meat as Comparatively Assessed by Colony Count and Viability PCR. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:604933. [PMID: 33732219 PMCID: PMC7956984 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.604933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to address method-dependent implications during the quantification of viable Campylobacter coli cells on meat over time. Traditional colony counting on selective and non-selective culture media along with an optimized viability real-time PCR utilizing propidium monoazide-quantitative PCR (PMA-qPCR), spheroplast formation and an internal sample process control (ISPC), were comparatively evaluated for monitoring the survival of C. coli on fresh lamb meat during refrigeration storage under normal atmospheric conditions. On day zero of three independent experiments, lamb meat pieces were artificially inoculated with C. coli and then stored under refrigeration for up to 8 days. Three meat samples were tested on different days and the mean counts were determined per quantification method. An overall reduction of the viable C. coli on lamb meat was observed regardless of the applied quantification scheme, but the rate of reduction followed a method-dependent pattern, the highest being observed for colony counting on modified charcoal cefoperazone deoxycholate agar (mCCDA). Univariate ANOVA indicated that the mean counts of viable C. coli using PMA-qPCR were significantly higher compared to Columbia blood agar (CBA) plating (0.32 log10 cell equivalents, p = 0.015) and significantly lower when mCCDA was compared to CBA plating (0.88 log10 CFU, p < 0.001), indicating that selective culture on mCCDA largely underestimated the number of culturable cells during the course of meat storage. PMA-qPCR outperformed the classical colony counting in terms of quantifying both the culturable and viable but non-culturable (VBNC) C. coli cells, which were generated over time on meat and are potentially infectious and equally important from a public health perspective as their culturable counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomai P Lazou
- Laboratory of Hygiene of Foods of Animal Origin - Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Athanasios I Gelasakis
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Serafeim C Chaintoutis
- Diagnostic Laboratory, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni G Iossifidou
- Laboratory of Hygiene of Foods of Animal Origin - Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Chrysostomos I Dovas
- Diagnostic Laboratory, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Genome-Wide Identification of Host-Segregating Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms for Source Attribution of Clinical Campylobacter coli Isolates. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:AEM.01787-20. [PMID: 33036986 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01787-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter is among the most common causes of gastroenteritis worldwide. Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli are the most common species causing human disease. DNA sequence-based methods for strain characterization have focused largely on C. jejuni, responsible for 80 to 90% of infections, meaning that C. coli epidemiology has lagged behind. Here, we have analyzed the genome of 450 C. coli isolates to determine genetic markers that can discriminate isolates sampled from 3 major reservoir hosts (chickens, cattle, and pigs). These markers then were applied to identify the source of infection of 147 C. coli strains from French clinical cases. Using STRUCTURE software, 259 potential host-segregating markers were revealed by probabilistic characterization of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) frequency variation in strain collections from three different hosts. These SNPs were found in 41 genes or intergenic regions, mostly coding for proteins involved in motility and membrane functions. Source attribution of clinical isolates based on the differential presence of these markers confirmed chickens as the most common source of C. coli infection in France.IMPORTANCE Genome-wide and source attribution studies based on Campylobacter species have shown their importance for the understanding of foodborne infections. Although the use of multilocus sequence typing based on 7 genes from C. jejuni is a powerful method to structure populations, when applied to C. coli, results have not clearly demonstrated its robustness. Therefore, we aim to provide more accurate data based on the identification of single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Results from this study reveal an important number of host-segregating SNPs, found in proteins involved in motility, membrane functions, or DNA repair systems. These findings offer new, interesting opportunities for further study of C. coli adaptation to its environment. Additionally, the results demonstrate that poultry is potentially the main reservoir of C. coli in France.
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Šefcová M, Larrea-Álvarez M, Larrea-Álvarez C, Revajová V, Karaffová V, Koščová J, Nemcová R, Ortega-Paredes D, Vinueza-Burgos C, Levkut M, Herich R. Effects of Lactobacillus Fermentum Supplementation on Body Weight and Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Expression in Campylobacter Jejuni-Challenged Chickens. Vet Sci 2020; 7:vetsci7030121. [PMID: 32872452 PMCID: PMC7557755 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci7030121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the interest in using probiotic bacteria in poultry production, this research was focused on evaluating the effects of Lactobacillus fermentum Biocenol CCM 7514 administration on body weight gain and cytokine gene expression in chickens challenged with Campylobacter jejuni. One-hundred and eight 1-day old COBB 500 broiler chickens were equally assigned to four experimental groups at random. In the control group (C) chicks were left untreated, whereas in groups LB and LBCj a suspension of L. fermentum was administered. A suspension of C. jejuni was subsequently applied to groups Cj and LBCj. Body weight was registered, and the individuals were later slaughtered; cecum samples were collected at 12, 36 and 48 h post-infection (hpi). The entire experiment lasted seven days. Reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to determine expression levels of IL-1β, IL-15, IL-17, and IL-18 at each time point. Pathogen-infected individuals were observed to weigh significantly less than those fed with the probiotic. Significant differences were also found in transcript abundance; expression of IL-15 was downregulated by the probiotic and upregulated by C. jejuni. The effects of bacterial treatments were time-dependent, as the expression profiles differed at later stages. The present outcomes demonstrate that L. fermentum both reduces the impact of C. jejuni infection on chicken body weight and regulates positively pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, which ultimately increase bird well-being and improves production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslava Šefcová
- Department of Pathological Anatomy and Pathological Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (V.R.); (V.K.); (M.L.); (R.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +421-907468978
| | - Marco Larrea-Álvarez
- School of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Yachay-Tech University Hacienda San José, Imbabura, Urcuquí 100650, Ecuador;
| | - César Larrea-Álvarez
- Research Unit, Life Science Initiative (LSI), lsi-ec.com, Quito 170102, Ecuador; (C.L.-Á.); (D.O.-P.)
| | - Viera Revajová
- Department of Pathological Anatomy and Pathological Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (V.R.); (V.K.); (M.L.); (R.H.)
| | - Viera Karaffová
- Department of Pathological Anatomy and Pathological Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (V.R.); (V.K.); (M.L.); (R.H.)
| | - Jana Koščová
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (J.K.); (R.N.)
| | - Radomíra Nemcová
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (J.K.); (R.N.)
| | - David Ortega-Paredes
- Research Unit, Life Science Initiative (LSI), lsi-ec.com, Quito 170102, Ecuador; (C.L.-Á.); (D.O.-P.)
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Transmitidas por Alimentos y Resistencia a los Antimicrobianos (UNIETAR), Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito 170129, Ecuador;
| | - Christian Vinueza-Burgos
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Transmitidas por Alimentos y Resistencia a los Antimicrobianos (UNIETAR), Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito 170129, Ecuador;
| | - Mikuláš Levkut
- Department of Pathological Anatomy and Pathological Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (V.R.); (V.K.); (M.L.); (R.H.)
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Science, Dúbravská cesta 5779/9, 84510 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Róbert Herich
- Department of Pathological Anatomy and Pathological Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (V.R.); (V.K.); (M.L.); (R.H.)
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12
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Li Y, Gu Y, Lv J, Liang H, Zhang J, Zhang S, He M, Wang Y, Ma H, French N, Zhang J, Zhang M. Laboratory Study on the Gastroenteritis Outbreak Caused by a Multidrug-Resistant Campylobacter coli in China. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2019; 17:187-193. [PMID: 31829730 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2019.2681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Three severe acute gastroenteritis patients were identified within a 5-h period in a sentinel hospital enrolled in the foodborne pathogen surveillance project in Beijing. All patients had high fever (over 38.5°C), diarrhea, abdominal pain, vomiting, and headache. Ten grams of fresh patient stool sample and 25 g of six suspected foods were collected for real-time PCR screening for 10 major pathogens. Bacterial isolation was performed. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and antibiotic susceptibility tests were conducted for all the isolates. Whole-genome sequences of the three Campylobacter coli isolates were compared using whole-genome MLST. All stool samples were positive for C. coli, as revealed by PCR. Eleven of the C. coli isolates had the same PFGE and ST type. All isolates were resistant to nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, streptomycin, and tetracycline, consistent with the findings of the in silico antibiotic resistance gene profiling. Most coding sequences (99%, 1736/1739) were identical among the three sequenced isolates, except for three frameshift-mutated genes caused by the simple sequence repeats (poly-Gs). This was likely a single-source outbreak caused by a group of highly clonal C. coli. This was the first outbreak of severe gastroenteritis caused by C. coli in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Shunyi District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yixin Gu
- State Key Laboratory Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jinchang Lv
- Shunyi District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Liang
- State Key Laboratory Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- New Zealand Food Safety Science & Research Centre, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Shunyi District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Mu He
- Shunyi District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Shunyi District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hongmei Ma
- Shunyi District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Nigel French
- New Zealand Food Safety Science & Research Centre, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Jianzhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Maojun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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13
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Mughini-Gras L, Kooh P, Fravalo P, Augustin JC, Guillier L, David J, Thébault A, Carlin F, Leclercq A, Jourdan-Da-Silva N, Pavio N, Villena I, Sanaa M, Watier L. Critical Orientation in the Jungle of Currently Available Methods and Types of Data for Source Attribution of Foodborne Diseases. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2578. [PMID: 31798549 PMCID: PMC6861836 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
With increased interest in source attribution of foodborne pathogens, there is a need to sort and assess the applicability of currently available methods. Herewith we reviewed the most frequently applied methods for source attribution of foodborne diseases, discussing their main strengths and weaknesses to be considered when choosing the most appropriate methods based on the type, quality, and quantity of data available, the research questions to be addressed, and the (epidemiological and microbiological) characteristics of the pathogens in question. A variety of source attribution approaches have been applied in recent years. These methods can be defined as top–down, bottom–up, or combined. Top–down approaches assign the human cases back to their sources of infection based on epidemiological (e.g., outbreak data analysis, case-control/cohort studies, etc.), microbiological (i.e., microbial subtyping), or combined (e.g., the so-called ‘source-assigned case-control study’ design) methods. Methods based on microbial subtyping are further differentiable according to the modeling framework adopted as frequency-matching (e.g., the Dutch and Danish models) or population genetics (e.g., Asymmetric Island Models and STRUCTURE) models, relying on the modeling of either phenotyping or genotyping data of pathogen strains from human cases and putative sources. Conversely, bottom–up approaches like comparative exposure assessment start from the level of contamination (prevalence and concentration) of a given pathogen in each source, and then go upwards in the transmission chain incorporating factors related to human exposure to these sources and dose-response relationships. Other approaches are intervention studies, including ‘natural experiments,’ and expert elicitations. A number of methodological challenges concerning all these approaches are discussed. In absence of an universally agreed upon ‘gold’ standard, i.e., a single method that satisfies all situations and needs for all pathogens, combining different approaches or applying them in a comparative fashion seems to be a promising way forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lapo Mughini-Gras
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Pauline Kooh
- Department of Risk Assessment, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Philippe Fravalo
- Research Chair in Meat-Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | | | - Laurent Guillier
- Laboratory for Food Safety, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Julie David
- Ploufragan-Plouzané Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Ploufragan, France
| | - Anne Thébault
- Department of Risk Assessment, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Frederic Carlin
- UMR 408 SQPOV "Sécurité et Qualité des Produits d'Origine Végétale" INRA, Avignon Université, Avignon, France
| | - Alexandre Leclercq
- Institut Pasteur, Biology of Infection Unit, National Reference Centre and WHO Collaborating Centre for Listeria, Paris, France
| | | | - Nicole Pavio
- Laboratory for Animal Health, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Isabelle Villena
- Laboratory of Parasitology-Mycology, EA ESCAPE, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Moez Sanaa
- Department of Risk Assessment, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Laurence Watier
- Department of Biostatistics, Biomathematics, Pharmacoepidemiology and Infectious Diseases (B2PHI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UVSQ, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
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14
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Lazou TP, Iossifidou EG, Gelasakis AI, Chaintoutis SC, Dovas CI. Viability Quantitative PCR Utilizing Propidium Monoazide, Spheroplast Formation, and Campylobacter coli as a Bacterial Model. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:e01499-19. [PMID: 31420339 PMCID: PMC6805072 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01499-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A viability quantitative PCR (qPCR) utilizing propidium monoazide (PMA) is presented for rapid quantification of viable cells using the foodborne pathogen Campylobacter coli as a bacterial model. It includes optimized spheroplast formation via lysozyme and EDTA, induction of a mild osmotic shock for enhancing the selective penetration of PMA into dead cells, and exploitation of an internal sample process control (ISPC) involving cell inactivation to assess residual false-positive signals within each sample. Spheroplasting of bacteria in exponential phase did not permit PMA entrance into viable cells since a strong linear relationship was detected between simple qPCR and PMA-qPCR quantification, and no differences were observed regardless of whether spheroplasting was utilized. The PMA-qPCR signal suppression of dead cells was elevated using spheroplast formation. With regard to the ISPC, cell inactivation by hydrogen peroxide resulted in higher signal suppression during qPCR than heat inactivation did. Viability quantification of C. coli cells by optimized spheroplasting-PMA-qPCR with ISPC was successfully applied in an aging pure culture under aerobic conditions and artificially inoculated meat. The same method exhibited a high linear range of quantification (1.5 to 8.5 log10 viable cells ml-1), and results were highly correlated with culture-based enumeration. PMA-qPCR quantification of viable cells can be affected by their rigidity, age, culture media, and niches, but spheroplast formation along with osmotic shock and the use of a proper ISPC can address such variations. The developed methodology could detect cells in a viable-but-nonculturable state and might be utilized for the quantification of other Gram-negative bacteria.IMPORTANCE There is need for rapid and accurate methods to detect viable bacterial cells of foodborne pathogens. Conventional culture-based methods are time-consuming and unable to detect bacteria in a viable-but-nonculturable state. The high sensitivity and specificity of the quantitative PCR (qPCR) are negated by its inability to differentiate the DNAs from viable and dead cells. The combination of propidium monoazide (PMA), a DNA-intercalating dye, with qPCR assays is promising for detection of viable cells. Despite encouraging results, these assays still encounter various challenges, such as false-positive signals by dead cells and the lack of an internal control identifying these signals per sample. The significance of our research lies in enhancing the selective entrance of PMA into dead Campylobacter coli cells via spheroplasting and in developing an internal sample process control, thus delivering reliable results in pure cultures and meat samples, approaches that can be applicable to other Gram-negative pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomai P Lazou
- Laboratory of Hygiene of Foods of Animal Origin-Veterinary Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni G Iossifidou
- Laboratory of Hygiene of Foods of Animal Origin-Veterinary Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Athanasios I Gelasakis
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Serafeim C Chaintoutis
- Diagnostic Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Chrysostomos I Dovas
- Diagnostic Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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15
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Cody AJ, Maiden MC, Strachan NJ, McCarthy ND. A systematic review of source attribution of human campylobacteriosis using multilocus sequence typing. Euro Surveill 2019; 24:1800696. [PMID: 31662159 PMCID: PMC6820127 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2019.24.43.1800696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundCampylobacter is a leading global cause of bacterial gastroenteritis, motivating research to identify sources of human infection. Population genetic studies have been increasingly applied to this end, mainly using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) data.ObjectivesThis review aimed to summarise approaches and findings of these studies and identify best practice lessons for this form of genomic epidemiology.MethodsWe systematically reviewed publications using MLST data to attribute human disease isolates to source. Publications were from January 2001, when this type of approach began. Searched databases included Scopus, Web of Science and PubMed. Information on samples and isolate datasets used, as well as MLST schemes and attribution algorithms employed, was obtained. Main findings were extracted, as well as any results' validation with subsequent correction for identified biases. Meta-analysis is not reported given high levels of heterogeneity.ResultsOf 2,109 studies retrieved worldwide, 25 were included, and poultry, specifically chickens, were identified as principal source of human infection. Ruminants (cattle or sheep) were consistently implicated in a substantial proportion of cases. Data sampling and analytical approaches varied, with five different attribution algorithms used. Validation such as self-attribution of isolates from known sources was reported in five publications. No publication reported adjustment for biases identified by validation.ConclusionsCommon gaps in validation and adjustment highlight opportunities to generate improved estimates in future genomic attribution studies. The consistency of chicken as the main source of human infection, across high income countries, and despite methodological variations, highlights the public health importance of this source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison J Cody
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Gastrointestinal Infections, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Cj Maiden
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Gastrointestinal Infections, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Norval Jc Strachan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, St. Machar Drive, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Noel D McCarthy
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Gastrointestinal Infections, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
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16
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Ocejo M, Oporto B, Hurtado A. Occurrence of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in Cattle and Sheep in Northern Spain and Changes in Antimicrobial Resistance in Two Studies 10-years Apart. Pathogens 2019; 8:E98. [PMID: 31288484 PMCID: PMC6789816 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8030098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2014-2016 in 301 ruminant herds to estimate C. jejuni and C. coli prevalence, and investigate their susceptibility to antimicrobials. Risk of shedding C. jejuni was higher in cattle than sheep (81.2% vs. 45.2%; ORadj = 5.22, p < 0.001), whereas risk of shedding C. coli was higher in sheep than in cattle (19.1% vs. 11.3%; ORadj = 1.71, p = 0.128). Susceptibility to six antimicrobials was determined by broth microdilution using European Committee for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) epidemiological cut-off values. C. coli exhibited higher resistance (94.1%, 32/34) than C. jejuni (65.1%, 71/109), and resistance was more widespread in isolates from dairy cattle than beef cattle or sheep. Compared to results obtained 10-years earlier (2003-2005) in a similar survey, an increase in fluoroquinolone-resistance was observed in C. jejuni from beef cattle (32.0% to 61.9%; OR = 3.45, p = 0.020), and a decrease in tetracycline-resistance in C. jejuni from dairy cattle (75.0% to 43.2%; OR = 0.25, p = 0.026). Resistance to macrolides remained stable at low rates and restricted to C. coli from dairy cattle, with all macrolide-resistant C. coli showing a pattern of pan-resistance. Presence of the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated to quinolone and macrolide resistance was confirmed in all phenotypically resistant isolates. The increase in fluoroquinolone resistance is worrisome but susceptibility to macrolides is reassuring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medelin Ocejo
- NEIKER - Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Animal Health Department, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park 812L, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Beatriz Oporto
- NEIKER - Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Animal Health Department, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park 812L, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Ana Hurtado
- NEIKER - Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Animal Health Department, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park 812L, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.
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17
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Elhadidy M, Miller WG, Arguello H, Álvarez‐Ordóñez A, Dierick K, Botteldoorn N. Molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance mechanisms ofCampylobacter colifrom diarrhoeal patients and broiler carcasses in Belgium. Transbound Emerg Dis 2018; 66:463-475. [DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Elhadidy
- Zewail City of Science and Technology University of Science and Technology Giza Egypt
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt
| | - William G. Miller
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit Agricultural Research Service U.S. Department of Agriculture Albany California
| | - Hector Arguello
- Genomic and Animal Biotechnology Department of Genetics, Veterinary Faculty Universidad de Córdoba Córdoba Spain
| | - Avelino Álvarez‐Ordóñez
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology and Institute of Food Science and Technology University of León León Spain
| | - Katelijne Dierick
- National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV‐ISP), Scientific service: Foodborne pathogens Brussels Belgium
| | - Nadine Botteldoorn
- National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV‐ISP), Scientific service: Foodborne pathogens Brussels Belgium
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18
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Mughini-Gras L, Kooh P, Augustin JC, David J, Fravalo P, Guillier L, Jourdan-Da-Silva N, Thébault A, Sanaa M, Watier L. Source Attribution of Foodborne Diseases: Potentialities, Hurdles, and Future Expectations. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1983. [PMID: 30233509 PMCID: PMC6129602 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lapo Mughini-Gras
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control (CIb), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Pauline Kooh
- Risk Assessment Department, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (Anses), Maisons-Alfort, France
| | | | - Julie David
- Ploufragan-Plouzané Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (Anses), Ploufragan, France
| | - Philippe Fravalo
- NSERC Industrial Research Chair in Meat-Safety (CRSV), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Laurent Guillier
- Laboratory for Food Safety, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (Anses), Maisons-Alfort, France
| | | | - Anne Thébault
- Risk Assessment Department, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (Anses), Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Moez Sanaa
- Risk Assessment Department, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (Anses), Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Laurence Watier
- Biostatistics, Biomathematics, Pharmacoepidemiology and Infectious Diseases (B2PHI), Inserm, UVSQ, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
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19
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Proximity to Other Commercial Turkey Farms Affects Colonization Onset, Genotypes, and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Campylobacter spp. in Turkeys: Suggestive Evidence from a Paired-Farm Model. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:AEM.01212-18. [PMID: 29980555 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01212-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter is a leading foodborne pathogen, and poultry products are major vehicles for human disease. However, determinants impacting Campylobacter colonization in poultry remain poorly understood, especially with turkeys. Here, we used a paired-farm design to concurrently investigate Campylobacter colonization and strain types in two turkey breeds (Hybrid and Nicholas) at two farms in eastern North Carolina. One farm (the Teaching Animal Unit [TAU]) was a university teaching unit at least 40 km from commercial turkey farms, while the other (SIB) was a commercial farm in an area with a high density of turkey farms. Day-old birds were obtained from the same breeder flock and hatchery and placed at TAU and SIB on the same day. Birds were marked to identify turkey breed and then commingled on each farm. TAU birds became colonized 1 week later than SIB and had lower initial Campylobacter levels in the cecum. Interestingly, Campylobacter genotypes and antimicrobial resistance profiles differed markedly between the farms. Most TAU isolates were resistant only to tetracycline, whereas multidrug-resistant isolates predominated at SIB. Multilocus sequence typing revealed that no Campylobacter genotypes were shared between TAU and SIB. A bovine-associated genotype (sequence type 1068 [ST1068]) predominated in Campylobacter coli from TAU, while SIB isolates had genotypes commonly encountered in commercial turkey production in the region. One multidrug-resistant Campylobacter jejuni strain (ST1839) showed significant association with one of the two turkey breeds. The findings highlight the need to further characterize the impact of farm-specific factors and host genetics on antimicrobial resistance and genotypes of C. jejuni and C. coli that colonize turkeys.IMPORTANCE Colonization of poultry with Campylobacter at the farm level is complex, poorly understood, and critically linked to contamination of poultry products, which is known to constitute a leading risk factor for human campylobacteriosis. Here, we investigated the use of a paired-farm design under standard production conditions and in the absence of experimental inoculations to assess potential impacts of farm and host genetics on prevalence, antimicrobial resistance and genotypes of Campylobacter in commercial turkeys of two different breeds. Data suggest impacts of farm proximity to other commercial turkey farms on the onset of colonization, genotypes, and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Campylobacter colonizing the birds. Furthermore, the significant association of a specific multidrug-resistant Campylobacter jejuni strain with turkeys of one breed suggests colonization partnerships at the Campylobacter strain-turkey breed level. The study design avoids potential pitfalls associated with experimental inoculations, providing novel insights into the dynamics of turkey colonization with Campylobacter in actual farm ecosystems.
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Gomes CN, Passaglia J, Vilela FP, Pereira da Silva FM, Duque SS, Falcão JP. High survival rates of Campylobacter coli under different stress conditions suggest that more rigorous food control measures might be needed in Brazil. Food Microbiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2018.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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21
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Toledo Z, Simaluiza RJ, Astudillo X, Fernández H. Occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility of thermophilic Campylobacter species isolated from healthy children attending municipal care centers in Southern Ecuador. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2017; 59:e77. [PMID: 29267585 PMCID: PMC5738762 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946201759077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli strains in healthy, well-nourished children of middle socioeconomic level from Southern Ecuador were determined. Among the 127 children studied, 17 (13.4%) harbored Campylobacter sp. corresponding to C. jejuni (7.1%) and C. coli (6.3%) with a higher concentration of C. jejuni among boys (8.6%) and C. coli (8.8%) among girls. C. jejuni showed high resistance to nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin (77.8%), but susceptibility to all other antimicrobials tested. C. coli strains showed resistance to more antibiotics than C. jejuni strains including resistance to nalidixic acid (75%), ciprofloxacin (75%), erythromycin (12.5%) and ampicillin (28.6), but susceptible to gentamicin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zorayda Toledo
- Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, sección de Genética Humana, Microbiología y Bioquímica Clínica, Loja, Equador
| | - Rosa Janneth Simaluiza
- Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, sección de Genética Humana, Microbiología y Bioquímica Clínica, Loja, Equador
| | - Xavier Astudillo
- Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, sección de Genética Humana, Microbiología y Bioquímica Clínica, Loja, Equador
| | - Heriberto Fernández
- Universidad Austral de Chile, Instituto de Microbiología Clínica, Valdívia, Región de Los Ríos, Chile
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22
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Features of illnesses caused by five species ofCampylobacter, Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) – 2010–2015. Epidemiol Infect 2017; 146:1-10. [DOI: 10.1017/s0950268817002370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYThe Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) conducts population-based surveillance forCampylobacterinfection. For 2010 through 2015, we compared patients withCampylobacter jejuniwith patients with infections caused by otherCampylobacterspecies.Campylobacter colipatients were more often >40 years of age (OR = 1·4), Asian (OR = 2·3), or Black (OR = 1·7), and more likely to live in an urban area (OR = 1·2), report international travel (OR = 1·5), and have infection in autumn or winter (OR = 1·2).Campylobacter upsaliensispatients were more likely female (OR = 1·6), Hispanic (OR = 1·6), have a blood isolate (OR = 2·8), and have an infection in autumn or winter (OR = 1·7).Campylobacter laripatients were more likely to be >40 years of age (OR = 2·9) and have an infection in autumn or winter (OR = 1·7).Campylobacter fetuspatients were more likely male (OR = 3·1), hospitalized (OR = 3·5), and have a blood isolate (OR = 44·1). International travel was associated with antimicrobial-resistantC. jejuni(OR = 12·5) andC. coli(OR = 12) infections. Species-level data are useful in understanding epidemiology, sources, and resistance of infections.
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Ravel A, Hurst M, Petrica N, David J, Mutschall SK, Pintar K, Taboada EN, Pollari F. Source attribution of human campylobacteriosis at the point of exposure by combining comparative exposure assessment and subtype comparison based on comparative genomic fingerprinting. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183790. [PMID: 28837643 PMCID: PMC5570367 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Human campylobacteriosis is a common zoonosis with a significant burden in many countries. Its prevention is difficult because humans can be exposed to Campylobacter through various exposures: foodborne, waterborne or by contact with animals. This study aimed at attributing campylobacteriosis to sources at the point of exposure. It combined comparative exposure assessment and microbial subtype comparison with subtypes defined by comparative genomic fingerprinting (CGF). It used isolates from clinical cases and from eight potential exposure sources (chicken, cattle and pig manure, retail chicken, beef, pork and turkey meat, and surface water) collected within a single sentinel site of an integrated surveillance system for enteric pathogens in Canada. Overall, 1518 non-human isolates and 250 isolates from domestically-acquired human cases were subtyped and their subtype profiles analyzed for source attribution using two attribution models modified to include exposure. Exposure values were obtained from a concurrent comparative exposure assessment study undertaken in the same area. Based on CGF profiles, attribution was possible for 198 (79%) human cases. Both models provide comparable figures: chicken meat was the most important source (65-69% of attributable cases) whereas exposure to cattle (manure) ranked second (14-19% of attributable cases), the other sources being minor (including beef meat). In comparison with other attributions conducted at the point of production, the study highlights the fact that Campylobacter transmission from cattle to humans is rarely meat borne, calling for a closer look at local transmission from cattle to prevent campylobacteriosis, in addition to increasing safety along the chicken supply chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Ravel
- Groupe de recherche en épidémiologie des zoonoses et santé publique, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
- Département de pathologie et microbiologie, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Matt Hurst
- Centre for Food-borne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicoleta Petrica
- Groupe de recherche en épidémiologie des zoonoses et santé publique, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Julie David
- Groupe de recherche en épidémiologie des zoonoses et santé publique, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Steven K. Mutschall
- National Microbiology Laboratory at Lethbridge, Public Health Agency of Canada, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Katarina Pintar
- Centre for Food-borne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eduardo N. Taboada
- National Microbiology Laboratory at Lethbridge, Public Health Agency of Canada, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Frank Pollari
- Centre for Food-borne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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24
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Amadi VA, Matthew-Belmar V, Subbarao C, Kashoma I, Rajashekara G, Sharma R, Hariharan H, Stone D. Campylobacter Species Isolated from Pigs in Grenada Exhibited Novel Clones: Genotypes and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Sequence Types. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2017. [PMID: 28650672 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2016.2229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections caused by Campylobacter species pose a severe threat to public health worldwide. However, in Grenada, the occurrence and characteristics of Campylobacter in food animals, including pigs, remain mostly unknown. In this study, we identified the sequence types (STs) of Campylobacter from young healthy pigs in Grenada and compared the results with previous studies in Grenada and other countries. Antimicrobial resistance patterns and diversity of the Campylobacter clones were evaluated. Ninety-nine Campylobacter isolates (97 Campylobacter coli and 2 Campylobacter jejuni) were analyzed by multilocus sequence typing. Eighteen previously reported STs and 13 novel STs were identified. Of the 18 previously reported STs, eight STs (ST-854, -887, -1068, -1096, -1445, -1446, 1556, and -1579) have been associated with human gastroenteritis in different geographical regions. Among these 18 previously reported STs, ST-1428, -1096, -1450, and -1058 predominated and accounted for 18.2%, 14.1%, 11.1%, and 8.1% of all isolates, respectively. Of the 13 novel STs, ST-7675 predominated and accounted for 20% (4 of 20 isolates), followed by ST-7678, -7682, and -7691, each accounting for 10% (2 of 20 isolates). Antimicrobial resistance testing using Epsilometer test revealed a low resistance rate (1-3%) of all C. coli/jejuni STs to all antimicrobials except for tetracycline (1-10.1%). Some of the C. coli STs (13 STs, 24/99 isolates, 24.2%) were resistant to multiple antimicrobials. This is the first report on antimicrobial resistance and multidrug resistance patterns associated with Campylobacter STs recovered from swine in Grenada. This study showed that pigs in Grenada are not major reservoirs for STs of C. coli and C. jejuni that are associated with human gastroenteritis worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor A Amadi
- 1 Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George's University , St. George's, Grenada
| | - Vanessa Matthew-Belmar
- 1 Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George's University , St. George's, Grenada
| | - Charmarthy Subbarao
- 2 Department of Clinical Skills, School of Medicine, St. George's University , St. George's, Grenada
| | - Isaac Kashoma
- 3 Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio
| | - Gireesh Rajashekara
- 3 Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio
| | - Ravindra Sharma
- 1 Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George's University , St. George's, Grenada
| | - Harry Hariharan
- 1 Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George's University , St. George's, Grenada
| | - Diana Stone
- 1 Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George's University , St. George's, Grenada
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25
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Pascoe B, Méric G, Yahara K, Wimalarathna H, Murray S, Hitchings MD, Sproston EL, Carrillo CD, Taboada EN, Cooper KK, Huynh S, Cody AJ, Jolley KA, Maiden MCJ, McCarthy ND, Didelot X, Parker CT, Sheppard SK. Local genes for local bacteria: Evidence of allopatry in the genomes of transatlantic Campylobacter populations. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:4497-4508. [PMID: 28493321 PMCID: PMC5600125 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The genetic structure of bacterial populations can be related to geographical locations of isolation. In some species, there is a strong correlation between geographical distance and genetic distance, which can be caused by different evolutionary mechanisms. Patterns of ancient admixture in Helicobacter pylori can be reconstructed in concordance with past human migration, whereas in Mycobacterium tuberculosis it is the lack of recombination that causes allopatric clusters. In Campylobacter, analyses of genomic data and molecular typing have been successful in determining the reservoir host species, but not geographical origin. We investigated biogeographical variation in highly recombining genes to determine the extent of clustering between genomes from geographically distinct Campylobacter populations. Whole‐genome sequences from 294 Campylobacter isolates from North America and the UK were analysed. Isolates from within the same country shared more recently recombined DNA than isolates from different countries. Using 15 UK/American closely matched pairs of isolates that shared ancestors, we identify regions that have frequently and recently recombined to test their correlation with geographical origin. The seven genes that demonstrated the greatest clustering by geography were used in an attribution model to infer geographical origin which was tested using a further 383 UK clinical isolates to detect signatures of recent foreign travel. Patient records indicated that in 46 cases, travel abroad had occurred <2 weeks prior to sampling, and genomic analysis identified that 34 (74%) of these isolates were of a non‐UK origin. Identification of biogeographical markers in Campylobacter genomes will contribute to improved source attribution of clinical Campylobacter infection and inform intervention strategies to reduce campylobacteriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Pascoe
- The Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Bath University, Claverton Down, Bath, UK.,MRC CLIMB Consortium, Bath, UK
| | - Guillaume Méric
- The Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Bath University, Claverton Down, Bath, UK
| | - Koji Yahara
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.,Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | | | - Susan Murray
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | | | - Emma L Sproston
- Bureau of Microbial Hazards, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Eduardo N Taboada
- National Microbiology Laboratory at Lethbridge, Public Health Agency of Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Kerry K Cooper
- Department of Biology, California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA, USA
| | - Steven Huynh
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA, USA
| | - Alison J Cody
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Martin C J Maiden
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Gastrointestinal Infections, Oxford, UK
| | - Noel D McCarthy
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Gastrointestinal Infections, Oxford, UK.,University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Xavier Didelot
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Craig T Parker
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA, USA
| | - Samuel K Sheppard
- The Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Bath University, Claverton Down, Bath, UK.,MRC CLIMB Consortium, Bath, UK.,Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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26
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MOFFATT CRM, GLASS K, STAFFORD R, D'ESTE C, KIRK MD. The campylobacteriosis conundrum - examining the incidence of infection with Campylobacter sp. in Australia, 1998-2013. Epidemiol Infect 2017; 145:839-847. [PMID: 27938447 PMCID: PMC9507796 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268816002909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter sp. are a globally significant cause of gastroenteritis. Although rates of infection in Australia are among the highest in the industrialized world, studies describing campylobacteriosis incidence in Australia are lacking. Using national disease notification data between 1998 and 2013 we examined Campylobacter infections by gender, age group, season and state and territory. Negative binomial regression was used to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRRs), including trends by age group over time, with post-estimation commands used to obtain adjusted incidence rates. The incidence rate for males was significantly higher than for females [IRR 1·20, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·18-1·21], while a distinct seasonality was demonstrated with higher rates in both spring (IRR 1·18, 95% CI 1·16-1·20) and summer (IRR 1·17, 95% CI 1·16-1·19). Examination of trends in age-specific incidence over time showed declines in incidence in those aged <40 years combined with contemporaneous increases in older age groups, notably those aged 70-79 years (IRR 1998-2013: 1·75, 95% CI 1·63-1·88). While crude rates continue to be highest in children, our findings suggest the age structure for campylobacteriosis in Australia is changing, carrying significant public health implications for older Australians.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. R. M. MOFFATT
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - K. GLASS
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - R. STAFFORD
- OzFoodNet, Communicable Diseases Branch, Queensland Health, Brisbane, Australia
| | - C. D'ESTE
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - M. D. KIRK
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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27
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Culebro A, Revez J, Pascoe B, Friedmann Y, Hitchings MD, Stupak J, Sheppard SK, Li J, Rossi M. Large Sequence Diversity within the Biosynthesis Locus and Common Biochemical Features of Campylobacter coli Lipooligosaccharides. J Bacteriol 2016; 198:2829-40. [PMID: 27481928 PMCID: PMC5038013 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00347-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Despite the importance of lipooligosaccharides (LOSs) in the pathogenicity of campylobacteriosis, little is known about the genetic and phenotypic diversity of LOS in Campylobacter coli In this study, we investigated the distribution of LOS locus classes among a large collection of unrelated C. coli isolates sampled from several different host species. Furthermore, we paired C. coli genomic information and LOS chemical composition for the first time to investigate possible associations between LOS locus class sequence diversity and biochemical heterogeneity. After identifying three new LOS locus classes, only 85% of the 144 isolates tested were assigned to a class, suggesting higher genetic diversity than previously thought. This genetic diversity is at the basis of a completely unexplored LOS structural heterogeneity. Mass spectrometry analysis of the LOSs of nine isolates, representing four different LOS classes, identified two features distinguishing C. coli LOS from that of Campylobacter jejuni 2-Amino-2-deoxy-d-glucose (GlcN)-GlcN disaccharides were present in the lipid A backbone, in contrast to the β-1'-6-linked 3-diamino-2,3-dideoxy-d-glucopyranose (GlcN3N)-GlcN backbone observed in C. jejuni Moreover, despite the fact that many of the genes putatively involved in 3-acylamino-3,6-dideoxy-d-glucose (Quip3NAcyl) were apparently absent from the genomes of various isolates, this rare sugar was found in the outer core of all C. coli isolates. Therefore, regardless of the high genetic diversity of the LOS biosynthesis locus in C. coli, we identified species-specific phenotypic features of C. coli LOS that might explain differences between C. jejuni and C. coli in terms of population dynamics and host adaptation. IMPORTANCE Despite the importance of C. coli to human health and its controversial role as a causative agent of Guillain-Barré syndrome, little is known about the genetic and phenotypic diversity of C. coli LOSs. Therefore, we paired C. coli genomic information and LOS chemical composition for the first time to address this paucity of information. We identified two species-specific phenotypic features of C. coli LOS, which might contribute to elucidating the reasons behind the differences between C. jejuni and C. coli in terms of population dynamics and host adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Culebro
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Joana Revez
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ben Pascoe
- College of Medicine, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Yasmin Friedmann
- College of Medicine, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew D Hitchings
- College of Medicine, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Jacek Stupak
- Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Samuel K Sheppard
- College of Medicine, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Jianjun Li
- Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mirko Rossi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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28
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Bassal R, Lerner L, Valinsky L, Agmon V, Peled N, Block C, Keller N, Keness Y, Taran D, Shainberg B, Ken-Dror S, Treygerman O, Rouach T, Lowenthal S, Shohat T, Cohen D. Trends in the Epidemiology of Campylobacteriosis in Israel (1999–2012). Foodborne Pathog Dis 2016; 13:448-55. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2015.2096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ravit Bassal
- Israel Center for Disease Control, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Larisa Lerner
- Central Campylobacter Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Lea Valinsky
- Central Campylobacter Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Vered Agmon
- Central Campylobacter Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nehama Peled
- Soroka University Medical Center and the Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | | | - Nati Keller
- Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | | | - Diana Taran
- Central Laboratory, Maccabi Health Services, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | | | | | - Tsvi Rouach
- Central Laboratory, Meuhedet Health Services, Lod, Israel
| | | | - Tamar Shohat
- Israel Center for Disease Control, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Daniel Cohen
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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29
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Nohra A, Grinberg A, Midwinter AC, Marshall JC, Collins-Emerson JM, French NP. Molecular Epidemiology of Campylobacter coli Strains Isolated from Different Sources in New Zealand between 2005 and 2014. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:4363-4370. [PMID: 27208097 PMCID: PMC4959208 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00934-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Campylobacteriosis is one of the most important foodborne diseases worldwide and a significant health burden in New Zealand. Campylobacter jejuni is the predominant species worldwide, accounting for approximately 90% of human cases, followed by Campylobacter coli Most studies in New Zealand have focused on C. jejuni; hence, the impact of C. coli strains on human health is not well understood. The aim of this study was to genotype C. coli isolates collected in the Manawatu region of New Zealand from clinical cases, fresh poultry meat, ruminant feces, and environmental water sources, between 2005 and 2014, to study their population structure and estimate the contribution of each source to the burden of human disease. Campylobacter isolates were identified by PCR and typed by multilocus sequence typing. C. coli accounted for 2.9% (n = 47/1,601) of Campylobacter isolates from human clinical cases, 9.6% (n = 108/1,123) from poultry, 13.4% (n = 49/364) from ruminants, and 6.4% (n = 11/171) from water. Molecular subtyping revealed 27 different sequence types (STs), of which 18 belonged to clonal complex ST-828. ST-1581 was the most prevalent C. coli sequence type isolated from both human cases (n = 12/47) and poultry (n = 44/110). When classified using cladistics, all sequence types belonged to clade 1 except ST-7774, which belonged to clade 2. ST-854, ST-1590, and ST-4009 were isolated only from human cases and fresh poultry, while ST-3232 was isolated only from human cases and ruminant sources. Modeling indicated ruminants and poultry as the main sources of C. coli human infection. IMPORTANCE We performed a molecular epidemiological study of Campylobacter coli infection in New Zealand, one of few such studies globally. This study analyzed the population genetic structure of the bacterium and included a probabilistic source attribution model covering different animal and water sources. The results are discussed in a global context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Nohra
- Molecular Epidemiology and Veterinary Public Health Laboratory (EpiLab), Infectious Disease Research Centre, Hopkirk Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Infectious Diseases Group, Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Alex Grinberg
- Infectious Diseases Group, Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Anne C Midwinter
- Molecular Epidemiology and Veterinary Public Health Laboratory (EpiLab), Infectious Disease Research Centre, Hopkirk Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Infectious Diseases Group, Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Jonathan C Marshall
- Molecular Epidemiology and Veterinary Public Health Laboratory (EpiLab), Infectious Disease Research Centre, Hopkirk Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Julie M Collins-Emerson
- Molecular Epidemiology and Veterinary Public Health Laboratory (EpiLab), Infectious Disease Research Centre, Hopkirk Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Infectious Diseases Group, Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Nigel P French
- Molecular Epidemiology and Veterinary Public Health Laboratory (EpiLab), Infectious Disease Research Centre, Hopkirk Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Infectious Diseases Group, Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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30
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Gomes CN, Souza RA, Passaglia J, Duque SS, Medeiros MIC, Falcão JP. Genotyping of Campylobacter coli strains isolated in Brazil suggests possible contamination amongst environmental, human, animal and food sources. J Med Microbiol 2016; 65:80-90. [PMID: 26531157 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter jejuni are two of the most common causative agents of food-borne gastroenteritis in numerous countries worldwide. In Brazil, campylobacteriosis is under diagnosed and under-reported, and few studies have molecularly characterized Campylobacter spp. in this country. The current study genotyped 63 C. coli strains isolated from humans (n512), animals (n521), food (n510) and the environment (n520) between 1995 and 2011 in Brazil. The strains were genotyped using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), sequencing the short variable region (SVR) of the flaA gene ( flaA-SVR) and high-resolution melting analysis (HRMA) of the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) locus to better understand C. coli genotypic diversity and compare the suitability of these three methods for genotyping this species. Additionally, the discrimination index (DI) of each of these methods was assessed. Some C. coli strains isolated from clinical and non-clinical origins presented ≥80 % genotypic similarity by PFGE and flaA-SVR sequencing. HRMA of the CRISPR locus revealed only four different melting profiles. In total, 22 different flaA-SVR alleles were detected. Of these, seven alleles, comprising gt1647–gt1653, were classified as novel. The most frequent genotypes were gt30 and gt1647. This distribution reveals the diversity of selected Brazilian isolates in comparison with the alleles described in the PubMLST database. The DIs for PFGE, flaA–SVR sequencing and CRISPR-HRMA were 0.986, 0.916 and 0.550, respectively. PFGE and flaA-SVR sequencing were suitable for subtyping C. coli strains, in contrast to CRISPR-HRMA. The high genomic similarity amongst some C. coli strains confirms the hypothesis that environmental and food sources potentially lead to human and animal contamination in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina N Gomes
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto-USP, Av. do Café, s/no, Campus Universitário USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Roberto A Souza
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto-USP, Av. do Café, s/no, Campus Universitário USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Passaglia
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto-USP, Av. do Café, s/no, Campus Universitário USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Sheila S Duque
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Pavilhão Rocha Lima, sala 516, Av. Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Marta I C Medeiros
- Instituto Adolfo Lutz de Ribeirão Preto, Rua Minas, 877 Ribeirão Preto, SP 14085-410, Brazil
| | - Juliana P Falcão
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto-USP, Av. do Café, s/no, Campus Universitário USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil
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31
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Skarp CPA, Hänninen ML, Rautelin HIK. Campylobacteriosis: the role of poultry meat. Clin Microbiol Infect 2015; 22:103-109. [PMID: 26686808 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2015.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of human infections caused by Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli, the main bacterial agents of gastrointestinal disease, has been increasing worldwide. Here, we review the role of poultry as a source and reservoir for Campylobacter. Contamination and subsequent colonization of broiler flocks at the farm level often lead to transmission of Campylobacter along the poultry production chain and contamination of poultry meat at retail. Yet Campylobacter prevalence in poultry, as well as the contamination level of poultry products, vary greatly between different countries so there are differences in the intervention strategies that need to be applied. Temporal patterns in poultry do not always coincide with those found in human infections. Studies in rural and urban areas have revealed differences in Campylobacter infections attributed to poultry, as poultry seems to be the predominant reservoir in urban, but not necessarily in rural, settings. Furthermore, foreign travel is considered a major risk factor in acquiring the disease, especially for individuals living in the northern European countries. Intervention strategies aimed at reducing Campylobacter colonization in poultry and focused at the farm level have been successful in reducing the number of Campylobacter cases in several countries. Increasing farm biosecurity and education of consumers are likely to limit the risk of infection. Overall, poultry is an important reservoir and source of human campylobacteriosis, although the contribution of other sources, reservoirs and transmission warrants more research.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P A Skarp
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M-L Hänninen
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - H I K Rautelin
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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Abstract
This case study outlines the patterns of ciprofloxacin resistance in Campylobacter isolated from retail chicken meat in Canada. Campylobacter is the third most common cause of foodborne enteric illness in Canada; it usually causes a self-limited illness, but in some cases antimicrobials may be indicated. Ciprofloxacin (a fluoroquinolone) is an antimicrobial used to treat a number of infections in humans; other fluoroquinolones are used both therapeutically and prophylactically in livestock animals, including broiler chickens. The Canadian Integrated Program for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance (CIPARS) has been testing retail chicken meat samples across Canada for the presence of Campylobacter and for resistant strains since 2003. At the end of 2010, CIPARS documented that retail chicken meat samples in Canada contaminated with Campylobacter ranged from 36% in the Maritimes to 42% in British Columbia. Furthermore, levels of ciprofloxacin-resistant Campylobacter varied across the country, with higher percentages in British Columbia (17% in 2010) and Saskatchewan (11%), in comparison with lower percentages in Ontario (5%), Québec (2%, and the Maritimes (4%). In 2011 and 2012, resistance declined in British Columbia and Saskatchewan, but began to rise in Québec and Ontario. Recently, the Canadian poultry industry developed a policy to eliminate the preventive use of third generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones in broiler chickens (meat chickens) and broiler breeder chickens (chickens that produce the eggs that will become the broilers). CIPARS will continue to monitor trends in antimicrobial use and resistance following this industry intervention. By following good food preparation and hygiene practices, Canadians can reduce the risks of developing a Campylobacter infection (resistant or susceptible) from retail chicken.
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Vasco G, Trueba G, Atherton R, Calvopiña M, Cevallos W, Andrade T, Eguiguren M, Eisenberg JNS. Identifying etiological agents causing diarrhea in low income Ecuadorian communities. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2014; 91:563-9. [PMID: 25048373 PMCID: PMC4155560 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.13-0744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Continued success in decreasing diarrheal disease burden requires targeted interventions. To develop such interventions, it is crucial to understand which pathogens cause diarrhea. Using a case-control design we tested stool samples, collected in both rural and urban Ecuador, for 15 pathogenic microorganisms. Pathogens were present in 51% of case and 27% of control samples from the urban community, and 62% of case and 18% of control samples collected from the rural community. Rotavirus and Shigellae were associated with diarrhea in the urban community; co-infections were more pathogenic than single infection; Campylobacter and Entamoeba histolytica were found in large numbers in cases and controls; and non-typhi Salmonella and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli were not found in any samples. Consistent with the Global Enteric Multicenter Study, focused in south Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, we found that in Ecuador a small group of pathogens accounted for a significant amount of the diarrheal disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Vasco
- Microbiology Institute, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador; Centro de Biomedicina, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador; Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Centro de Salud de Guamaní, Ministerio de Salud Pública, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Gabriel Trueba
- Microbiology Institute, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador; Centro de Biomedicina, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador; Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Centro de Salud de Guamaní, Ministerio de Salud Pública, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Richard Atherton
- Microbiology Institute, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador; Centro de Biomedicina, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador; Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Centro de Salud de Guamaní, Ministerio de Salud Pública, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Manuel Calvopiña
- Microbiology Institute, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador; Centro de Biomedicina, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador; Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Centro de Salud de Guamaní, Ministerio de Salud Pública, Quito, Ecuador
| | - William Cevallos
- Microbiology Institute, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador; Centro de Biomedicina, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador; Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Centro de Salud de Guamaní, Ministerio de Salud Pública, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Thamara Andrade
- Microbiology Institute, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador; Centro de Biomedicina, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador; Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Centro de Salud de Guamaní, Ministerio de Salud Pública, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Martha Eguiguren
- Microbiology Institute, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador; Centro de Biomedicina, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador; Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Centro de Salud de Guamaní, Ministerio de Salud Pública, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Joseph N S Eisenberg
- Microbiology Institute, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador; Centro de Biomedicina, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador; Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Centro de Salud de Guamaní, Ministerio de Salud Pública, Quito, Ecuador
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Gölz G, Rosner B, Hofreuter D, Josenhans C, Kreienbrock L, Löwenstein A, Schielke A, Stark K, Suerbaum S, Wieler LH, Alter T. Relevance of Campylobacter to public health--the need for a One Health approach. Int J Med Microbiol 2014; 304:817-23. [PMID: 25266744 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2014.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter species belong to the most important foodborne bacteria which cause gastroenteritis in humans in both developed and developing countries. With increasing reporting rates, the public awareness towards Campylobacter infections is growing continuously. This strengthens the necessity to establish intervention measures for prevention and control of thermophilic Campylobacter spp. along the food chain, as in particular poultry and poultry meat represent a major source of human infections. An interdisciplinary One Health approach and a combined effort of all stakeholders are necessary to ultimately reduce the burden of campylobacteriosis cases in humans. Numerous studies point out, however, that at present a complete elimination of Campylobacter in the food chain is not feasible. The present aim should therefore be to establish control measures and intervention strategies to minimize the occurrence of Campylobacter spp. in livestock (e.g. poultry flocks) and to reduce the quantitative Campylobacter burden in animals and foods. To this end, a combination of intervention methods at different stages of the food chain appears most promising. That has to be accompanied by targeted consumer advice and education campaigns to raise the awareness towards Campylobacter infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Gölz
- Institute of Food Hygiene, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bettina Rosner
- Robert Koch-Institute, Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dirk Hofreuter
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Christine Josenhans
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Lothar Kreienbrock
- Department of Biometry, Epidemiology and Information Processing, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hanover, Germany
| | - Anna Löwenstein
- Institute of Food Hygiene, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anika Schielke
- Robert Koch-Institute, Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Stark
- Robert Koch-Institute, Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Suerbaum
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Lothar H Wieler
- Centre for Infection Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Alter
- Institute of Food Hygiene, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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Ghimire L, Singh DK, Basnet HB, Bhattarai RK, Dhakal S, Sharma B. Prevalence, antibiogram and risk factors of thermophilic Campylobacter spp. in dressed porcine carcass of Chitwan, Nepal. BMC Microbiol 2014; 14:85. [PMID: 24708489 PMCID: PMC3985546 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-14-85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Campylobacter is the primary cause of food borne gastroenteritis. Moreover, the emergence of multiple drug resistant campylobacters from poultry and pork has produced a potential threat to public health. Research addressing these issues is sparse in Nepal. So, this cross-sectional study aims at determining the prevalence, antibiogram and risk factors of campylobacters from dressed porcine carcass of Chitwan, Nepal. RESULTS We collected 139 samples of dressed porcine carcass from 10 different pork shops located in Chitwan district and processed according to OIE Terrestrial Manual, 2008, chapter 2.8.10. Antibiogram of identified Campylobacter spp. was evaluated against nine commonly used antibiotics by using disc diffusion method following CLSI guidelines. The prevalence of Campylobacter spp. was 38.84% (C. coli 76% and C. jejuni 24%). There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) between the prevalence rate of male (32.4%) and female (41%) carcass. Ampicillin and erythromycin showed the highest resistance (92.59% each) followed by colistin (72.2%), tetracycline (61.1%), nalidixic acid and cotrimoxazole (44.4% each), ciprofloxacin (31.5%) and gentamicin (5.56%). Moreover, 77.8% of the isolates were resistant to more than two antimicrobials. Nalidixic acid and tetracycline showed significant difference (p < 0.05) in the resistivity pattern among different species of Campylobacters. The association between prevalence rate and regular sanitization of slaughter slab equipments was significant (p < 0.05). Similarly, prevalence rate was significantly associated (p < 0.01) with chilling and contamination of intestinal content with carcass. CONCLUSIONS The pork meat of Chitwan is highly contaminated with antibiotic-resistant Campylobacters and slaughtering practices play significant role in contamination. It is necessary to train the butchers about hygienic slaughtering practice. The consumers as well as butchers should adopt safety measures to prevent themselves from antibiotic resistant campylobacters. The veterinary practitioners should adopt prudent use of antibiotics in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laxman Ghimire
- Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Rampur Campus, Nepal; and Manager at Dairy Value Chain-Development Project, Dang, Nepal.
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Skarp-de Haan CPA, Culebro A, Schott T, Revez J, Schweda EKH, Hänninen ML, Rossi M. Comparative genomics of unintrogressed Campylobacter coli clades 2 and 3. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:129. [PMID: 24524824 PMCID: PMC3928612 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli share a multitude of risk factors associated with human gastrointestinal disease, yet their phylogeny differs significantly. C. jejuni is scattered into several lineages, with no apparent linkage, whereas C. coli clusters into three distinct phylogenetic groups (clades) of which clade 1 has shown extensive genome-wide introgression with C. jejuni, yet the other two clades (2 and 3) have less than 2% of C. jejuni ancestry. We characterized a C. coli strain (76339) with four novel multilocus sequence type alleles (ST-5088) and having the capability to express gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT); an accessory feature in C. jejuni. Our aim was to further characterize unintrogressed C. coli clades 2 and 3, using comparative genomics and with additional genome sequences available, to investigate the impact of horizontal gene transfer in shaping the accessory and core gene pools in unintrogressed C. coli. RESULTS Here, we present the first fully closed C. coli clade 3 genome (76339). The phylogenomic analysis of strain 76339, revealed that it belonged to clade 3 of unintrogressed C. coli. A more extensive respiratory metabolism among unintrogressed C. coli strains was found compared to introgressed C. coli (clade 1). We also identified other genes, such as serine proteases and an active sialyltransferase in the lipooligosaccharide locus, not present in C. coli clade 1 and we further propose a unique scenario for the evolution of Campylobacter ggt. CONCLUSIONS We propose new insights into the evolution of the accessory genome of C. coli clade 3 and C. jejuni. Also, in silico analysis of the gene content revealed that C. coli clades 2 and 3 have genes associated with infection, suggesting they are a potent human pathogen, and may currently be underreported in human infections due to niche separation.
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Strachan NJC, Rotariu O, MacRae M, Sheppard SK, Smith-Palmer A, Cowden J, Maiden MCJ, Forbes KJ. Operationalising factors that explain the emergence of infectious diseases: a case study of the human campylobacteriosis epidemic. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79331. [PMID: 24278127 PMCID: PMC3836786 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A framework of general factors for infectious disease emergence was made operational for Campylobacter utilising explanatory variables including time series and risk factor data. These variables were generated using a combination of empirical epidemiology, case-case and case-control studies, time series analysis, and microbial sub-typing (source attribution, diversity, genetic distance) to unravel the changing/emerging aetiology of human campylobacteriosis. The study focused on Scotland between 1990-2012 where there was a 75% increase in reported cases that included >300% increase in the elderly and 50% decrease in young children. During this period there were three phases 1990-2000 a 75% rise and a 20% fall to 2006, followed by a 19% resurgence. The rise coincided with expansions in the poultry industry, consumption of chicken, and a shift from rural to urban cases. The post-2000 fall occurred across all groups apart from the elderly and coincided with a drop of the prevalence of Campylobacter in chicken and a higher proportion of rural cases. The increase in the elderly was associated with uptake of proton pump inhibitors. During the resurgence the increase was predominantly in adults and the elderly, again there was increasing use of PPIs and high prevalences in chicken and ruminants. Cases associated with foreign travel during the study also increased from 9% to a peak of 16% in 2006 before falling to an estimated 10% in 2011, predominantly in adults and older children. During all three periods source attribution, genetic distance, and diversity measurements placed human isolates most similar to those in chickens. A combination of emergence factors generic for infectious diseases were responsible for the Campylobacter epidemic. It was possible to use these to obtain a putative explanation for the changes in human disease and the potential to make an informed view of how incidence rates may change in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norval J. C. Strachan
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Ovidiu Rotariu
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Marion MacRae
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel K. Sheppard
- Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Swansea University, College of Medicine, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Smith-Palmer
- Health Protection Scotland, National Services Scotland, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - John Cowden
- Health Protection Scotland, National Services Scotland, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ken J. Forbes
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
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