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Moon DO. Deciphering the Role of BCAR3 in Cancer Progression: Gene Regulation, Signal Transduction, and Therapeutic Implications. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1674. [PMID: 38730626 PMCID: PMC11083344 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16091674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
This review comprehensively explores the gene BCAR3, detailing its regulation at the gene, mRNA, and protein structure levels, and delineating its multifunctional roles in cellular signaling within cancer contexts. The discussion covers BCAR3's involvement in integrin signaling and its impact on cancer cell migration, its capability to induce anti-estrogen resistance, and its significant functions in cell cycle regulation. Further highlighted is BCAR3's modulation of immune responses within the tumor microenvironment, a novel area of interest that holds potential for innovative cancer therapies. Looking forward, this review outlines essential future research directions focusing on transcription factor binding studies, isoform-specific expression profiling, therapeutic targeting of BCAR3, and its role in immune cell function. Each segment builds towards a holistic understanding of BCAR3's operational mechanisms, presenting a critical evaluation of its therapeutic potential in oncology. This synthesis aims to not only extend current knowledge but also catalyze further research that could pivotally influence the development of targeted cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Oh Moon
- Department of Biology Education, Daegu University, 201 Daegudae-ro, Gyeongsan-si 38453, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
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2
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Day RB, Hickman JA, Xu Z, Katerndahl CD, Ferraro F, Ramakrishnan SM, Erdmann-Gilmore P, Sprung RW, Mi Y, Townsend RR, Miller CA, Ley TJ. Proteogenomic analysis reveals cytoplasmic sequestration of RUNX1 by the acute myeloid leukemia-initiating CBFB::MYH11 oncofusion protein. J Clin Invest 2023; 134:e176311. [PMID: 38061017 PMCID: PMC10866659 DOI: 10.1172/jci176311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Several canonical translocations produce oncofusion genes that can initiate acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Although each translocation is associated with unique features, the mechanisms responsible remain unclear. While proteins interacting with each oncofusion are known to be relevant for how they act, these interactions have not yet been systematically defined. To address this issue in an unbiased fashion, we fused a promiscuous biotin ligase (TurboID) in-frame with 3 favorable-risk AML oncofusion cDNAs (PML::RARA, RUNX1::RUNX1T1, and CBFB::MYH11) and identified their interacting proteins in primary murine hematopoietic cells. The PML::RARA- and RUNX1::RUNX1T1-TurboID fusion proteins labeled common and unique nuclear repressor complexes, implying their nuclear localization. However, CBFB::MYH11-TurboID-interacting proteins were largely cytoplasmic, probably because of an interaction of the MYH11 domain with several cytoplasmic myosin-related proteins. Using a variety of methods, we showed that the CBFB domain of CBFB::MYH11 sequesters RUNX1 in cytoplasmic aggregates; these findings were confirmed in primary human AML cells. Paradoxically, CBFB::MYH11 expression was associated with increased RUNX1/2 expression, suggesting the presence of a sensor for reduced functional RUNX1 protein, and a feedback loop that may attempt to compensate by increasing RUNX1/2 transcription. These findings may have broad implications for AML pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan B. Day
- Section of Stem Cell Biology, Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | - Julia A. Hickman
- Section of Stem Cell Biology, Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | - Ziheng Xu
- Section of Stem Cell Biology, Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | - Casey D.S. Katerndahl
- Section of Stem Cell Biology, Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | - Francesca Ferraro
- Section of Stem Cell Biology, Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | | | - Petra Erdmann-Gilmore
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Robert W. Sprung
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Yiling Mi
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - R. Reid Townsend
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Christopher A. Miller
- Section of Stem Cell Biology, Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | - Timothy J. Ley
- Section of Stem Cell Biology, Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, and
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Zhang Y, Zheng H, Xu M, Maeda N, Tsunedomi R, Kishi H, Nagano H, Kobayashi S. Fyn-Mediated Paxillin Tyrosine 31 Phosphorylation Regulates Migration and Invasion of Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15980. [PMID: 37958964 PMCID: PMC10647795 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the leading cause of death in breast cancer patients due to the lack of effective therapies. Elevated levels of paxillin expression have been observed in various cancer types, with tyrosine phosphorylation shown to play a critical role in driving cancer cell migration. However, the specific impact of the distinct tyrosine phosphorylation events of paxillin in the progression of breast cancer remains to be fully elucidated. Here, we found that paxillin overexpression in breast cancer tissue is associated with a patient's poor prognosis. Paxillin knockdown inhibited the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells. Furthermore, the phosphorylation of paxillin tyrosine residue 31 (Tyr31) was significantly increased upon the TGF-β1-induced migration and invasion of breast cancer cells. Inhibiting Fyn activity or silencing Fyn decreases paxillin Tyr31 phosphorylation. The wild-type and constitutively active Fyn directly phosphorylate paxillin Tyr31 in an in vitro system, indicating that Fyn directly phosphorylates paxillin Tyr31. Additionally, the non-phosphorylatable mutant of paxillin at Tyr31 reduces actin stress fiber formation, migration, and invasion of breast cancer cells. Taken together, our results provide direct evidence that Fyn-mediated paxillin Tyr31 phosphorylation is required for breast cancer migration and invasion, suggesting that targeting paxillin Tyr31 phosphorylation could be a potential therapeutic strategy for mitigating breast cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan;
| | - Huanyu Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan (H.N.)
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan (H.N.)
| | - Noriko Maeda
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan (H.N.)
| | - Ryouichi Tsunedomi
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan (H.N.)
| | - Hiroko Kishi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan;
| | - Hiroaki Nagano
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan (H.N.)
| | - Sei Kobayashi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan;
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4
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Fernandez GJ, Ramírez-Mejía JM, Castillo JA, Urcuqui-Inchima S. Vitamin D modulates expression of antimicrobial peptides and proinflammatory cytokines to restrict Zika virus infection in macrophages. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 119:110232. [PMID: 37150017 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Although the impact of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection on human health has been well documented, we still have no vaccine or effective treatment. This fact highlights the importance of searching for alternative therapy for treating ZIKV. To search for ZIKV antivirals, we examined the effect of vitamin D in monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) differentiated in the presence of vitamin D (D3-MDM) and explored the molecular mechanisms by analyzing transcriptional profiles. Our data show the restriction of ZIKV infection in D3-MDMs as compared to MDMs. Transcriptional profiles show that vitamin D alters about 19% of Zika response genes (8.2% diminished and 10.8% potentiated). Among the genes with diminished expression levels, we found proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines such as IL6, TNF, IL1A, IL1B, and IL12B, CCL1, CCL4, CCL7, CXCL3, CXCL6, and CXCL8. On the other hand, genes with potentiated expression were related to degranulation such as Lysozyme, cathelicidin (CAMP), and Serglycin. Since the CAMP gene encodes the antimicrobial peptide LL-37, we treated MDMs with LL-37 and infected them with ZIKV. The results showed a decrease in the proportion of infected cells. Our data provide new insights into the role of vitamin D in restricting ZIKV infection in macrophages that are mediated by induction of cathelicidin/LL-37 expression and downregulation of proinflammatory genes. Results highlight the biological relevance of vitamin D-inducible peptides as an antiviral treatment for Zika fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geysson Javier Fernandez
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No 52-21, Medellín, Colombia; Grupo Biología y Control de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Julieta M Ramírez-Mejía
- CIBIOP Group, Department of Applied Sciences and Engineering, Universidad EAFIT, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia.
| | - Jorge Andrés Castillo
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No 52-21, Medellín, Colombia; Grupo de enfermedades infecciosas, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Silvio Urcuqui-Inchima
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No 52-21, Medellín, Colombia.
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5
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Zhu L, Tang Y, Li XY, Kerk SA, Lyssiotis CA, Sun X, Wang Z, Cho JS, Ma J, Weiss SJ. Proteolytic regulation of a galectin-3/Lrp1 axis controls osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202206121. [PMID: 36880731 PMCID: PMC9998966 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202206121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone-resorbing osteoclasts mobilize proteolytic enzymes belonging to the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family to directly degrade type I collagen, the dominant extracellular matrix component of skeletal tissues. While searching for additional MMP substrates critical to bone resorption, Mmp9/Mmp14 double-knockout (DKO) osteoclasts-as well as MMP-inhibited human osteoclasts-unexpectedly display major changes in transcriptional programs in tandem with compromised RhoA activation, sealing zone formation and bone resorption. Further study revealed that osteoclast function is dependent on the ability of Mmp9 and Mmp14 to cooperatively proteolyze the β-galactoside-binding lectin, galectin-3, on the cell surface. Mass spectrometry identified the galectin-3 receptor as low-density lipoprotein-related protein-1 (Lrp1), whose targeting in DKO osteoclasts fully rescues RhoA activation, sealing zone formation and bone resorption. Together, these findings identify a previously unrecognized galectin-3/Lrp1 axis whose proteolytic regulation controls both the transcriptional programs and the intracellular signaling cascades critical to mouse as well as human osteoclast function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxin Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yi Tang
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Xiao-Yan Li
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Samuel A. Kerk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Doctoral Program in Cancer Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Costas A. Lyssiotis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Xiaoyue Sun
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zijun Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jung-Sun Cho
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jun Ma
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Stephen J. Weiss
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Starrett GJ, Yu K, Golubeva Y, Lenz P, Piaskowski ML, Petersen D, Dean M, Israni A, Hernandez BY, Tucker TC, Cheng I, Gonsalves L, Morris CR, Hussain SK, Lynch CF, Harris RS, Prokunina-Olsson L, Meltzer PS, Buck CB, Engels EA. Evidence for virus-mediated oncogenesis in bladder cancers arising in solid organ transplant recipients. eLife 2023; 12:e82690. [PMID: 36961501 PMCID: PMC10446826 DOI: 10.7554/elife.82690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A small percentage of bladder cancers in the general population have been found to harbor DNA viruses. In contrast, up to 25% of tumors of solid organ transplant recipients, who are at an increased risk of developing bladder cancer and have an overall poorer outcomes, harbor BK polyomavirus (BKPyV). To better understand the biology of the tumors and the mechanisms of carcinogenesis from potential oncoviruses, we performed whole genome and transcriptome sequencing on bladder cancer specimens from 43 transplant patients. Nearly half of the tumors from this patient population contained viral sequences. The most common were from BKPyV (N=9, 21%), JC polyomavirus (N=7, 16%), carcinogenic human papillomaviruses (N=3, 7%), and torque teno viruses (N=5, 12%). Immunohistochemistry revealed variable Large T antigen expression in BKPyV-positive tumors ranging from 100% positive staining of tumor tissue to less than 1%. In most cases of BKPyV-positive tumors, the viral genome appeared to be clonally integrated into the host chromosome consistent with microhomology-mediated end joining and coincided with focal amplifications of the tumor genome similar to other virus-mediated cancers. Significant changes in host gene expression consistent with the functions of BKPyV Large T antigen were also observed in these tumors. Lastly, we identified four mutation signatures in our cases, with those attributable to APOBEC3 and SBS5 being the most abundant. Mutation signatures associated with an antiviral drug, ganciclovir, and aristolochic acid, a nephrotoxic compound found in some herbal medicines, were also observed. The results suggest multiple pathways to carcinogenesis in solid organ transplant recipients with a large fraction being virus-associated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kelly Yu
- DCEG, NCI, NIHRockvilleUnited States
| | | | - Petra Lenz
- Leidos Biomedical Research IncFrederickUnited States
| | | | | | | | - Ajay Israni
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Hennepin Healthcare System, University of MinnesotaMinneapolisUnited States
| | | | - Thomas C Tucker
- The Kentucky Cancer Registry, University of KentuckyLexingtonUnited States
| | - Iona Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics,and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San FranciscoFremontUnited States
| | - Lou Gonsalves
- Connecticut Tumor Registry, Connecticut Department of Public HealthHartfordUnited States
| | - Cyllene R Morris
- California Cancer Reporting and Epidemiologic Surveillance Program, University of California, DavisDavisUnited States
| | - Shehnaz K Hussain
- Cedars-Sinai Cancer and Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Charles F Lynch
- The Iowa Cancer Registry, University of IowaIowa CityUnited States
| | - Reuben S Harris
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of MinnesotaMinneapolisUnited States
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Bonham C, Mandati V, Singh R, Pappin D, Tonks N. Coupling substrate-trapping with proximity-labeling to identify protein tyrosine phosphatase PTP1B signaling networks. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104582. [PMID: 36871762 PMCID: PMC10148153 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to define functional interactions between enzymes and their substrates is crucial for understanding biological control mechanisms; however, such methods face challenges in the transient nature and low stoichiometry of enzyme-substrate interactions. Now, we have developed an optimized strategy that couples substrate-trapping mutagenesis to proximity-labeling mass spectrometry for quantitative analysis of protein complexes involving the protein tyrosine phosphatase PTP1B. This methodology represents a significant shift from classical schemes; it is capable of being performed at near-endogenous expression levels and increasing stoichiometry of target enrichment without a requirement for stimulation of supraphysiological tyrosine phosphorylation levels or maintenance of substrate complexes during lysis and enrichment procedures. Advantages of this new approach are illustrated through application to PTP1B interaction networks in models of HER2-positive and Herceptin-resistant breast cancer. We have demonstrated that inhibitors of PTP1B significantly reduced proliferation and viability in cell-based models of acquired and de novo Herceptin resistance in HER2-positive breast cancer. Using differential analysis, comparing substrate-trapping to wild-type PTP1B, we have identified multiple unreported protein targets of PTP1B with established links to HER2-induced signaling and provided internal validation of method specificity through overlap with previously identified substrate candidates. Overall, this versatile approach can be readily integrated with evolving proximity-labeling platforms (TurboID, BioID2, etc.), and is broadly applicable across all PTP family members for the identification of conditional substrate specificities and signaling nodes in models of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- ChristopherA Bonham
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, One Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Vinay Mandati
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, One Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - RakeshK Singh
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, One Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - DarrylJ Pappin
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, One Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - NicholasK Tonks
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, One Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.
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Rashid MU, Lorzadeh S, Gao A, Ghavami S, Coombs KM. PSMA2 knockdown impacts expression of proteins involved in immune and cellular stress responses in human lung cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166617. [PMID: 36481484 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Proteasome subunit alpha type-2 (PSMA2) is a critical component of the 20S proteasome, which is the core particle of the 26S proteasome complex and is involved in cellular protein quality control by recognizing and recycling defective proteins. PSMA2 expression dysregulation has been detected in different human diseases and viral infections. No study yet has reported PSMA2 knockdown (KD) effects on the cellular proteome. METHODS We used SOMAScan, an aptamer-based multiplexed technique, to measure >1300 human proteins to determine the impact of PSMA2 KD on A549 human lung epithelial cells. RESULTS PSMA2 KD resulted in significant dysregulation of 52 cellular proteins involved in different bio-functions, including cellular movement and development, cell death and survival, and cancer. The immune system and signal transduction were the most affected cellular functions. PSMA2 KD caused dysregulation of several signaling pathways involved in immune response, cytokine signaling, organismal growth and development, cellular stress and injury (including autophagy and unfolded protein response), and cancer responses. CONCLUSIONS In summary, this study helps us better understand the importance of PSMA2 in different cellular functions, signaling pathways, and human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahamud-Ur Rashid
- University of Manitoba, Department of Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, Room 543 Basic Medical Sciences Building, 745 Bannatyne Ave., Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada; Manitoba Centre for Proteomics & Systems Biology, Room 799, 715 McDermot Ave., Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Shahrokh Lorzadeh
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Ang Gao
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics & Systems Biology, Room 799, 715 McDermot Ave., Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada; Research Institutes of Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba-University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada; Biology of Breathing Theme, Children Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Kevin M Coombs
- University of Manitoba, Department of Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, Room 543 Basic Medical Sciences Building, 745 Bannatyne Ave., Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada; Manitoba Centre for Proteomics & Systems Biology, Room 799, 715 McDermot Ave., Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada; Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Room 513, 715 McDermot Ave., Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada.
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9
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The Expression of Signaling Genes in Breast Cancer Cells. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11040555. [PMID: 35453754 PMCID: PMC9025738 DOI: 10.3390/biology11040555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of a drug for cancer—paclitaxel—on the expression of genes encoding the signaling factors in breast cancer cells outside organisms. The tested cells were harvested from the mammary glands of 36 women with breast cancer. The microarray technology —the carrier with applied DNA samples—was employed for the identification of gene expression. A significant effect of paclitaxel on the genome of breast cancer cells was confirmed. Paclitaxel changed the functions of cancer cell by increasing the expression of the genes encoding signaling proteins. This is the molecule of intercellular communication. The analysis of the results suggests that this cytostatic agent produces a beneficial therapeutic effect at a lower dose (60 ng/mL). In contrast, a high dose of paclitaxel (300 ng/mL) was associated with higher cytotoxicity and this had a negative effect on the tested tumor cells. Abstract The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of paclitaxel on the expression of genes encoding signaling factors in breast cancer cells in in vitro conditions after incubation with the said chemotherapeutic. The tested cells were harvested from the mammary glands of 36 patients with early breast cancer. The microarray technology was employed for the identification of gene expression. For this purpose, mRNA isolated from tumor cells was used. A significant effect of paclitaxel on the genome of breast cancer cells was confirmed. Paclitaxel changed the functions of cancer cells by increasing the expression of most genes encoding signaling proteins and receptors. The analysis of the results suggested that this cytostatic agent produces a beneficial therapeutic effect at a lower dose (60 ng/mL). In contrast, a high dose of paclitaxel (300 ng/mL) was associated with a high cytotoxicity.
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10
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Pavanelli AC, Mangone FR, Yoganathan P, Bessa SA, Nonogaki S, de Toledo Osório CAB, de Andrade VP, Soares IC, de Mello ES, Mulligan LM, Nagai MA. Comprehensive immunohistochemical analysis of RET, BCAR1, and BCAR3 expression in patients with Luminal A and B breast cancer subtypes. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2022; 192:43-52. [PMID: 35031902 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-021-06452-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Breast cancer (BC) is considered a heterogeneous disease composed of distinct subtypes with diverse clinical outcomes. Luminal subtype tumors have the best prognosis, and patients benefit from endocrine therapy. However, resistance to endocrine therapies in BC is an obstacle to successful treatment, and novel biomarkers are needed to understand and overcome this mechanism. The RET, BCAR1, and BCAR3 genes may be associated with BC progression and endocrine resistance. METHODS Aiming to evaluate the expression profile and prognostic value of RET, BCAR1, and BCAR3, we performed immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays (TMAs) containing a cohort of 361 Luminal subtype BC. RESULTS Low expression levels of these three proteins were predominantly observed. BCAR1 expression was correlated with nuclear grade (p = 0.057), and BCAR3 expression was correlated with lymph node status (p = 0.011) and response to hormonal therapy (p = 0.021). Further, low expression of either BCAR1 or BCAR3 was significantly associated with poor prognosis (p = 0.005; p = 0.042). Pairwise analysis showed that patients with tumors with low BCAR1/low BCAR3 expression had a poorer overall survival (p = 0.013), and the low BCAR3 expression had the worst prognosis with RET high expression stratifying these patients into two different groups. Regarding the response to hormonal therapy, non-responder patients presented lower expression of RET in comparison to the responder group (p = 0.035). Additionally, the low BCAR1 expression patients had poorer outcomes than BCAR1 high (p = 0.015). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest RET, BCAR1, and BCAR3 as potential candidate markers for endocrine therapy resistance in Luminal BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Pavanelli
- Discipline of Oncology, Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 01246-903, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Cancer Institute of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, 01246-000, Brazil
| | - Flavia Rotea Mangone
- Discipline of Oncology, Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 01246-903, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Cancer Institute of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, 01246-000, Brazil
| | - Piriya Yoganathan
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University Kingston, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Simone Aparecida Bessa
- Discipline of Oncology, Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 01246-903, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Cancer Institute of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, 01246-000, Brazil
| | - Suely Nonogaki
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, 01509-020, Brazil
| | | | - Victor Piana de Andrade
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, 01509-020, Brazil
| | - Iberê Cauduro Soares
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute of Sao Paulo, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, HCFMUSP, São Paulo, 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Evandro Sobrosa de Mello
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute of Sao Paulo, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, HCFMUSP, São Paulo, 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Lois M Mulligan
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University Kingston, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Maria Aparecida Nagai
- Discipline of Oncology, Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 01246-903, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Cancer Institute of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, 01246-000, Brazil.
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11
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Karpińska K, Gielata M, Gwiazdowska A, Boryń Ł, Kobielak A. Catulin Based Reporter System to Track and Characterize the Population of Invasive Cancer Cells in the Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010140. [PMID: 35008571 PMCID: PMC8745103 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is an aggressive tumor with a poor prognosis due to late diagnosis and loco-regional metastasis. Partial or more complete epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a role in tumor progression; however, it remains a challenge to observe the EMT in vivo, due to its transient nature. Here, we developed a novel catulin promoter-based reporter system that allows us to isolate and characterize in vivo a small fraction of invasive cancer cells. The analyses of tumors revealed that Catulin-green fluorescent protein (GFP)-positive cells were enriched in clusters of cells at the tumor invasion front. A functional genomic study unveiled genes involved in cellular movement and invasion providing a molecular profile of HNSCC invasive cells. This profile overlapped partially with the expression of signature genes related to the partial EMT available from the single cell analysis of human HNSCC specimens, highlighting the relevance of our data to the clinical disease progression state. Interestingly, we also observed upregulations of genes involved in axonal guidance-L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM), neuropilin-1, semaphorins, and ephrins, indicating potential interactions of cancer cells and neuronal components of the stroma. Taken together, our data indicated that the catulin reporter system marked a population of invasive HNSCC cells with a molecular profile associated with cancer invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Karpińska
- Laboratory of the Molecular Biology of Cancer, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 00-927 Warsaw, Poland; (K.K.); (M.G.); (A.G.)
| | - Mateusz Gielata
- Laboratory of the Molecular Biology of Cancer, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 00-927 Warsaw, Poland; (K.K.); (M.G.); (A.G.)
| | - Aleksandra Gwiazdowska
- Laboratory of the Molecular Biology of Cancer, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 00-927 Warsaw, Poland; (K.K.); (M.G.); (A.G.)
| | - Łukasz Boryń
- Laboratory of Stem Cells, Tissue Development and Regeneration, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 00-927 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Kobielak
- Laboratory of the Molecular Biology of Cancer, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 00-927 Warsaw, Poland; (K.K.); (M.G.); (A.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-55-43-735
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12
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Zhang Z, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wang C, Shuai Y, Luo J, Liu R. BCAR3 promotes head and neck cancer growth and is associated with poor prognosis. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:316. [PMID: 34707118 PMCID: PMC8551282 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00714-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer anti-estrogen resistance protein 3 (BCAR3) is involved in anti-estrogen resistance and other important aspects of breast cancer. However, the role of BCAR3 in other solid tumors remains unclear. The relationship between the clinicopathologic characteristics of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients and BCAR3 was analyzed using the Wilcoxon’s signed-rank test and logistic regression. The association between BCAR3 expression and clinicopathologic features and survival was analyzed using Cox regression and the Kaplan–Meier method. In vivo and in vitro assays were performed to validate the effect of BCAR3 on HNSCC growth. BCAR3-related mRNAs were determined by calculating the Pearson’s correlation coefficient based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses, and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were used to predict the potential functions of BCAR3. BCAR3 expression is overexpressed in HNSCC and was shown to be associated with perineural invasion (PNI) and poor survival. BCAR3 silencing significantly attenuated the proliferation of HNSCC cells, whereas BCAR3 depletion inhibited tumor growth in vitro. GO and KEGG functional enrichment analyses, and GSEA showed that BCAR3 expression in HNSCC was associated with biological processes, such as cell adhesion, actin binding, cadherin binding, and angiogenesis. BCAR3, which promotes HNSCC growth, is associated with perineural invasion and may be a potential molecular prognostic marker of poor survival in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Zhang
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngology Oncology, and Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Yafei Wang
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngology Oncology, and Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngology Oncology, and Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Chunli Wang
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngology Oncology, and Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Yanjie Shuai
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngology Oncology, and Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Jingtao Luo
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngology Oncology, and Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China. .,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China. .,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.
| | - Ruoyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China. .,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China. .,Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China.
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13
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Arras J, Thomas KS, Myers PJ, Cross AM, Osei AD, Vazquez GE, Atkins KA, Conaway MR, Jones MK, Lazzara MJ, Bouton AH. Breast Cancer Antiestrogen Resistance 3 (BCAR3) promotes tumor growth and progression in triple-negative breast cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:4768-4787. [PMID: 34765292 PMCID: PMC8569345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-Negative Breast Cancers (TNBCs) constitute roughly 10-20% of breast cancers and are associated with poor clinical outcomes. Previous work from our laboratory and others has determined that the cytoplasmic adaptor protein Breast Cancer Antiestrogen Resistance 3 (BCAR3) is an important promoter of cell motility and invasion of breast cancer cells. In this study, we use both in vivo and in vitro approaches to extend our understanding of BCAR3 function in TNBC. We show that BCAR3 is upregulated in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive carcinomas compared to normal mammary tissue, and that survival of TNBC patients whose tumors contained elevated BCAR3 mRNA is reduced relative to individuals whose tumors had less BCAR3 mRNA. Using mouse orthotopic tumor models, we further show that BCAR3 is required for efficient TNBC tumor growth. Analysis of publicly available RNA expression databases revealed that MET receptor signaling is strongly correlated with BCAR3 mRNA expression. A functional role for BCAR3-MET coupling is supported by data showing that both proteins participate in a single pathway to control proliferation and migration of TNBC cells. Interestingly, the mechanism through which this functional interaction operates appears to differ in different genetic backgrounds of TNBC, stemming in one case from potential differences in the strength of downstream signaling by the MET receptor and in another from BCAR3-dependent activation of an autocrine loop involving the production of HGF mRNA. Together, these data open the possibility for new approaches to personalized therapy for individuals with TNBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Arras
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine and Cancer CenterCharlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Keena S Thomas
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine and Cancer CenterCharlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Paul J Myers
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of VirginiaCharlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Allison M Cross
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine and Cancer CenterCharlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Amare D Osei
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine and Cancer CenterCharlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Gabriel E Vazquez
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine and Cancer CenterCharlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Kristen A Atkins
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine and Cancer CenterCharlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Mark R Conaway
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine and Cancer CenterCharlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Marieke K Jones
- Claude Moore Health Sciences Library, University of VirginiaCharlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Matthew J Lazzara
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of VirginiaCharlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Amy H Bouton
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine and Cancer CenterCharlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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14
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Tan J, Liu W, Li J, Zhang X, Liu Y, Yuan Y, Song Z. Over-expressed RHEB promotes the progression of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Life Sci 2021; 277:119462. [PMID: 33831427 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is essential in the progression of pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD). But the role of Ras homolog enriched in brain (RHEB), a key activator of mTORC1, is unclear in this disease. This work aims to clarify the function of RHEB in PAAD. MATERIALS AND METHODS A pan-cancer analysis of RHEB was conducted by using data from several public available databases. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining on a tissue microarray was used to validate the expression of RHEB in PAAD. In vitro experiments were conducted to explore the function of RHEB in the disease. An integrated bioinformatics tools were used to understand the mechanism of RHEB and construct a RHEB-related prognostic signature. KEY FINDINGS RHEB was significantly overexpressed in PAAD and high expression of the gene was associated with poor prognosis. RHEB promoted proliferation, migration and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) showed that RHEB participated in cell cycle progression and WNT signaling pathway. A RHEB-related prognostic signature was developed, and PAAD patients with high risk score had a significantly shorter overall survival. SIGNIFICANCE RHEB was up-regulated in PAAD and might be a useful therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Tan
- Department of Pathology, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Waner Liu
- Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Information Science and Engineering, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Oncology, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Pathology, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zewen Song
- Department of Oncology, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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15
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Steenkiste EM, Berndt JD, Pilling C, Simpkins C, Cooper JA. A Cas-BCAR3 co-regulatory circuit controls lamellipodia dynamics. eLife 2021; 10:67078. [PMID: 34169835 PMCID: PMC8266394 DOI: 10.7554/elife.67078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin adhesion complexes regulate cytoskeletal dynamics during cell migration. Adhesion activates phosphorylation of integrin-associated signaling proteins, including Cas (p130Cas, BCAR1), by Src-family kinases. Cas regulates leading-edge protrusion and migration in cooperation with its binding partner, BCAR3. However, it has been unclear how Cas and BCAR3 cooperate. Here, using normal epithelial cells, we find that BCAR3 localization to integrin adhesions requires Cas. In return, Cas phosphorylation, as well as lamellipodia dynamics and cell migration, requires BCAR3. These functions require the BCAR3 SH2 domain and a specific phosphorylation site, Tyr 117, that is also required for BCAR3 downregulation by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. These findings place BCAR3 in a co-regulatory positive-feedback circuit with Cas, with BCAR3 requiring Cas for localization and Cas requiring BCAR3 for activation and downstream signaling. The use of a single phosphorylation site in BCAR3 for activation and degradation ensures reliable negative feedback by the ubiquitin-proteasome system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Steenkiste
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, United States.,Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Jason D Berndt
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, United States
| | - Carissa Pilling
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, United States.,Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Christopher Simpkins
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, United States
| | - Jonathan A Cooper
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, United States.,Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
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16
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Das J, Barman Mandal S. Identification of Homo sapiens cancer classes based on fusion of hidden gene features. J Biomed Inform 2020; 110:103555. [PMID: 32916304 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2020.103555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Classification of Homo sapiens cancer genes in molecular level is a challenging research issue as they are extremely pseudo random in nature. Signature gene features need to be exposed to distinctly identify the gene class. Tree-structured filter bank is chosen to perform feature extraction and dimension reduction of the genes. Extracted gene features are fused using Gaussian mixture probability distribution function and identify different cancer classes depending on amount of correlation and exploiting maximum likelihood function. The algorithm is tested on 161 sample gene data of 7 different cancer classes. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, precision and F-score are used as metrics to judge the performance of the system and ROC is plotted in comparison with existing electrical network model based classifier. The proposed classifier can identify more than stated number of cancer classes which is a major limitation of the existing electrical network based method. The proposed algorithm is validated by comparing the results with other seven existing image processing based methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyshri Das
- Institute of Radio Physics & Electronics, University of Calcutta, India.
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17
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Melittin from Apis florea Venom as a Promising Therapeutic Agent for Skin Cancer Treatment. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9080517. [PMID: 32823904 PMCID: PMC7460526 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9080517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Melittin, a major component found in bee venom, is produced by the Apis species of the honey bee. In this study, the effect of melittin derived from Apis florea (Mel-AF), which is a wild honey bee species that is indigenous to Thailand, was investigated against human malignant melanoma (A375) cells. In this study, Mel-AF exhibited considerable potential in the anti-proliferative action of A375 cells. Subsequently, the cellular mechanism of Mel-AF that induced cell death was investigated in terms of apoptosis. As a result, gene and protein expression levels, which indicated the activation of cytochrome-c release and caspase-9 expression, eventually triggered the release of the caspase-3 executioner upon Mel-AF. We then determined that apoptosis-mediated cell death was carried out through the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway. Moreover, advanced abilities, including cell motility and invasion, were significantly suppressed. Mel-AF manipulated the actin arrangement via the trapping of stress fibers that were found underneath the membrane, which resulted in the defective actin cytoskeleton organization. Consequently, the expression of EGFR, a binding protein to F-actin, was also found to be suppressed. This outcome strongly supports the effects of Mel-AF in the inhibition of progressive malignant activity through the disruption of actin cytoskeleton-EGFR interaction and the EGFR signaling system. Thus, the findings of our current study indicate the potential usefulness of Mel-AF in cancer treatments as an apoptosis inducer and a potential actin-targeting agent.
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18
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Barreñada O, Fernández-Pérez D, Larriba E, Brieño-Enriquez M, Del Mazo J. Diversification of piRNAs expressed in PGCs and somatic cells during embryonic gonadal development. RNA Biol 2020; 17:1309-1323. [PMID: 32375541 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2020.1757908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
piRNAs are small non-coding RNAs known to play a main role in defence against transposable elements in germ cells. However, other potential functions, such as biogenesis and differences in somatic and germline expression of these regulatory elements, are not yet fully unravelled. Here, we analysed a variety of piRNA sequences detected in mouse male and female primordial germ cells (PGCs) and gonadal somatic cells at crucial stages during embryonic differentiation of germ cells (11.5-13.5 days post-coitum). NGS of sncRNA and bioinformatic characterization of piRNAs from PGCs and somatic cells, in addition to piRNAs associated with TEs, indicated functional diversification in both cell types. Differences in the proportion of the diverse types of piRNAs are detected between somatic and germline during development. However, the global diversified patterns of piRNA expression are mainly shared between germ and somatic cells, we identified piRNAs related with molecules involved in ribosome components and translation pathway, including piRNAs derived from rRNA (34%), tRNA (10%) and snoRNA (8%). piRNAs from both tRNA and snoRNA are mainly derived from 3' and 5' end regions. These connections between piRNAs and rRNAs, tRNAs or snoRNAs suggest important functions of specialized piRNAs in translation regulation during this window of gonadal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odei Barreñada
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Biology, Centro De Investigaciones Biológicas C.I.B. (CSIC) , Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Fernández-Pérez
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Biology, Centro De Investigaciones Biológicas C.I.B. (CSIC) , Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Larriba
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Biology, Centro De Investigaciones Biológicas C.I.B. (CSIC) , Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Brieño-Enriquez
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Biology, Centro De Investigaciones Biológicas C.I.B. (CSIC) , Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Del Mazo
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Biology, Centro De Investigaciones Biológicas C.I.B. (CSIC) , Madrid, Spain
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19
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Thuault S, Mamelonet C, Salameh J, Ostacolo K, Chanez B, Salaün D, Baudelet E, Audebert S, Camoin L, Badache A. A proximity-labeling proteomic approach to investigate invadopodia molecular landscape in breast cancer cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6787. [PMID: 32321993 PMCID: PMC7176661 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63926-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic progression is the leading cause of mortality in breast cancer. Invasive tumor cells develop invadopodia to travel through basement membranes and the interstitial matrix. Substantial efforts have been made to characterize invadopodia molecular composition. However, their full molecular identity is still missing due to the difficulty in isolating them. To fill this gap, we developed a non-hypothesis driven proteomic approach based on the BioID proximity biotinylation technology, using the invadopodia-specific protein Tks5α fused to the promiscuous biotin ligase BirA* as bait. In invasive breast cancer cells, Tks5α fusion concentrated to invadopodia and selectively biotinylated invadopodia components, in contrast to a fusion which lacked the membrane-targeting PX domain (Tks5β). Biotinylated proteins were isolated by affinity capture and identified by mass spectrometry. We identified known invadopodia components, revealing the pertinence of our strategy. Furthermore, we observed that Tks5 newly identified close neighbors belonged to a biologically relevant network centered on actin cytoskeleton organization. Analysis of Tks5β interactome demonstrated that some partners bound Tks5 before its recruitment to invadopodia. Thus, the present strategy allowed us to identify novel Tks5 partners that were not identified by traditional approaches and could help get a more comprehensive picture of invadopodia molecular landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Thuault
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CNRS, Marseille, France.
| | - Claire Mamelonet
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Joëlle Salameh
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CNRS, Marseille, France.,INSERM UMR-S 1193, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Kevin Ostacolo
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CNRS, Marseille, France.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Brice Chanez
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CNRS, Marseille, France.,Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Department of Medical Oncology, Marseille, France
| | - Danièle Salaün
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Emilie Baudelet
- CRCM, Marseille Proteomics, Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Stéphane Audebert
- CRCM, Marseille Proteomics, Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Luc Camoin
- CRCM, Marseille Proteomics, Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Ali Badache
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CNRS, Marseille, France
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20
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Meng X, Liu J, Wang H, Chen P, Wang D. MicroRNA-126-5p downregulates BCAR3 expression to promote cell migration and invasion in endometriosis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 494:110486. [PMID: 31233772 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Endometriosis (EMs) is an estrogen-dependent multifactorial disease. Inhibition of estrogen in endometrial cells contributes to their failure to form lesions in ectopic sites. However, whether reducing or suppressing the inhibitory effect of estrogen results in the establishment of ectopic lesions remains unclear. The BCAR3 gene induces estrogen resistance in estrogen-dependent breast cancer cells and promotes cell migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, the expression of BCAR3 in endometriosis and its effect on endometrial cell function and the anti-estrogen effect of endometriosis have not been reported. These issues are addressed in the present study. METHODS The study included 32 cases of ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium in patients with endometriosis and 31 cases of normal endometrium as controls. The expression of BCAR3 and microRNA (miR)-126-5p was detected by real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry, and western blotting. The effects of BCAR3 and miR-126-5p on the morphology and biological behavior of eutopic endometrial cells were verified using lentivirus overexpression and a vector knockdown model, the CCK-8 assay, Transwell experiments, and estrogen intervention experiments using primary cultures of epithelial and stromal cells. RESULTS The BCAR3 gene was highly expressed in ectopic endometrium and the eutopic endometrium of patients with endometriosis, and the expression level was higher in stage III-IV patients than in stage I-II patients. In vitro cell experiments showed that miR-126-5p negatively regulated the expression of BCAR3 and its effect on the migration and invasion of stromal cells. Low expression of miR-126-5p and high expression of BCAR3 promoted endometriosis stromal cell migration and invasion. Assessment of EMT in endometriosis compared with eutopic endometrium showed that the expression of vimentin was significantly increased and the expression of E-cadherin was significantly decreased in ectopic endometrium. Estrogen promoted EMT in eutopic endometrial epithelial cells and this effect was reversed by estrogen inhibitors. BCAR3 had no direct effect on EMT and did not act synergistically with estrogen on promoting EMT. CONCLUSION miR-126-5p negatively regulated BCAR3 expression in eutopic endometriosis, enhanced the migration and invasion of endometrial cells, and promoted the occurrence of endometriosis. BCAR3 did not induce EMT and had no synergistic effect with estrogen, but its inhibition of anti-estrogen function may provide new insight into the mechanism of local estrogen action in endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiannan Meng
- Department of Gynecology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110042, PR China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110042, PR China
| | - Huimin Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110042, PR China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110042, PR China
| | - Danbo Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110042, PR China.
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Integrative omics analysis identifies macrophage migration inhibitory factor signaling pathways underlying human hepatic fibrogenesis and fibrosis. JOURNAL OF BIO-X RESEARCH 2019; 2:16-24. [PMID: 32953199 PMCID: PMC7500331 DOI: 10.1097/jbr.0000000000000026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic basis underlying liver fibrosis remains largely unknown. We conducted a study to identify genetic alleles and underlying pathways associated with hepatic fibrogenesis and fibrosis at the genome-wide level in 121 human livers. By accepting a liberal significance level of P<1e-4, we identified 73 and 71 candidate loci respectively affecting the variability in alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) levels (fibrogenesis) and total collagen content (fibrosis). The top genetic loci associated with the two markers were BAZA1 and NOL10 for α-SMA expression and FAM46A for total collagen content (P<1e-6). We further investigated the relationship between the candidate loci and the nearby gene transcription levels (cis-expression quantitative trait loci) in the same liver samples. We found that 44 candidate loci for α-SMA expression and 44 for total collagen content were also associated with the transcription of the nearby genes (P<0.05). Pathway analyses of these genes indicated that macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) related pathway is significantly associated with fibrogenesis and fibrosis, though different genes were enriched for each marker. The association between the single nucleotide polymorphisms, MIF and α-SMA showed that decreased MIF expression is correlated with increased α-SMA expression, suggesting that variations in MIF locus might affect the susceptibility of fibrogenesis through controlling MIF gene expression. In summary, our study identified candidate alleles and pathways underlying both fibrogenesis and fibrosis in human livers. Our bioinformatics analyses suggested MIF pathway as a strong candidate involved in liver fibrosis, thus further investigation for the role of the MIF pathway in liver fibrosis is warranted. The study was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Wayne State University (approval No. 201842) on May 17, 2018.
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Zhang W, Lin Y, Liu X, He X, Zhang Y, Fu W, Yang Z, Yang P, Wang J, Hu K, Zhang X, Liu W, Yuan X, Jing H. Prediction and prognostic significance of BCAR3 expression in patients with multiple myeloma. J Transl Med 2018; 16:363. [PMID: 30563570 PMCID: PMC6299524 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1728-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple myeloma (MM) is the plasma cell tumor, which is characterized by clonal proliferation of tumor cells, with high risk of progression to renal impairment, bone damage and amyloidosis. Although the survival rate of patients with MM has improved in the past decade, most people inevitably relapse. The treatment and prognosis of MM are still urgent problems. Breast Cancer Antiestrogen Resistance 3 (BCAR3) is a protein-coding gene that is associated with many tumors. However, there have been few studies on the relationship of BCAR3 and MM. Methods We analyzed 1878 MM patients (1930 samples) from 7 independent datasets. First, we compared the BCAR3 expression level of MM patients in different stages and MM patients with different amplification of 1q21. Second, we analyzed BCAR3 expression levels in MM patients with different molecular subtypes. Finally, we explored the event-free survival rate (EFS) and overall survival rate (OS) of MM patients with high or low BCAR3 expression, including patients before and after relapse, and their therapeutic responses to bortezomib and dexamethasone. Results The expression of BCAR3 showed a decreasing trend in stages I, II and III (P = 0.00068). With the increase of 1q21 amplification level, the expression of BCAR3 decreased (P = 0.022). Patients with high BCAR3 expression had higher EFS and OS (EFS: P < 0.0001, OS: P < 0.0001). The expression of BCAR3 gene before relapse was higher than that after relapse (P = 0.0045). BCAR3 is an independent factor affecting prognosis (EFS: P = 5.17E−03; OS: P = 3.33E−04). Conclusion We found that high expression level of BCAR3 predicted better prognosis of MM patients. Low expression of BCAR3 at diagnosis can predict early relapse. BCAR3 is an independent prognostic factor for MM. BCAR3 can be used as a potential biomarker. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12967-018-1728-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilong Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Lymphoma Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Xiaoni Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, No. 23 Qingnian Road, Zhanggong District, Ganzhou, 341000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue He
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated With Capital Medical University, No. 6 Tiantan Xili, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Wei Fu
- Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zuozhen Yang
- Department of Hematology, Lymphoma Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Hematology, Lymphoma Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Hematology, Lymphoma Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Hu
- Department of Hematology, Lymphoma Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuru Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated With Capital Medical University, No. 6 Tiantan Xili, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Weiyou Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, No. 23 Qingnian Road, Zhanggong District, Ganzhou, 341000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoliang Yuan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, No. 23 Qingnian Road, Zhanggong District, Ganzhou, 341000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hongmei Jing
- Department of Hematology, Lymphoma Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.
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Wu B, Yang S, Sun H, Sun T, Ji F, Wang Y, Xu L, Zhou D. Keap1 Inhibits Metastatic Properties of NSCLC Cells by Stabilizing Architectures of F-Actin and Focal Adhesions. Mol Cancer Res 2018; 16:508-516. [PMID: 29330291 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-17-0544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Low expression of the tumor suppressor Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) often results in higher malignant biological behavior and poor prognosis; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The present study demonstrates that overexpression of Keap1 significantly suppresses migration and invasion of three different lung cancer cells (A549, H460, and H1299). Highly expressed Keap1, compared with the control, promotes formation of multiple stress fibers with larger mature focal adhesion complexes in the cytoplasm where only fine focal adhesions were observed in the membrane under control conditions. RhoA activity significantly increased when Keap1 was overexpressed, whereas Myosin 9b expression was reduced but could be rescued by proteasome inhibition. Noticeably, mouse tumor xenografts with Keap1 overexpression were smaller in size and less metastatic relative to the control group. Taken together, these results demonstrate that Keap1 stabilizes F-actin cytoskeleton structures and inhibits focal adhesion turnover, thereby restraining the migration and invasion of NSCLC. Therefore, increasing Keap1 or targeting its downstream molecules might provide potential therapeutic benefits for the treatment of patients with NSCLC.Implications: This study provides mechanistic insight on the metastatic process in NSCLC and suggests that Keap1 and its downstream molecules may be valuable drug targets for NSCLC patients. Mol Cancer Res; 16(3); 508-16. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Beijing, P. R. China
- Cancer Institute of Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Shu Yang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Beijing, P. R. China
- Cancer Institute of Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Haimei Sun
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Beijing, P. R. China
- Cancer Institute of Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Tingyi Sun
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Beijing, P. R. China
- Cancer Institute of Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Fengqing Ji
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Beijing, P. R. China
- Cancer Institute of Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yurong Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Lie Xu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Deshan Zhou
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Beijing, P. R. China
- Cancer Institute of Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
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Yin M, Lu Q, Liu X, Wang T, Liu Y, Chen L. Silencing Drp1 inhibits glioma cells proliferation and invasion by RHOA/ ROCK1 pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 478:663-8. [PMID: 27495873 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) is a newly discovered therapeutic target for tumor initiation, migration, proliferation, and chemosensitivity. In the present study, we aimed to examine the level of expression and distribution of DRP1 in glioma tissues and explore the concrete mechanism of DRP1 played in glioma. METHODS Expression of DRP1 in glioma tissues was determined by immunohistochemistry staining. The DRP1 gene was knocked down using small interfering RNA, and was overexpressed using plasmids in glioma cells. To assess changes in cell function, in vitro assays for invasion and growth were applied. Protein expression was tested by using Western-blot method. Variation of F-actin in cells was analyzed using immunofluorescence staining. Interactions between proteins were determined by co-immunoprecipitation. RESULTS The protein expression levels of DRP1 were significantly increased in glioma tissues compared to the normal brain tissues. Down-regulation of DRP1 decreased cell proliferation and invasion, and inhibited the formation of pseudopodias and microvillis. Moreover, a possible link between DRP1 and RHOA was confirmed when interactions between these two proteins were observed in the cells. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that silencing DRP1 regulated the cytoskeleton remodeling through inhibiting RHOA/ROCK1 pathway, and thus decreased the proliferation and invasion of glioma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maojia Yin
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chong Qing Medical University, Number 76, LinJiang Road, YuZhong District, 400010, Chong Qing, China
| | - Qin Lu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 54 Youdian Road, 310006, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xi Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chong Qing Medical University, Number 76, LinJiang Road, YuZhong District, 400010, Chong Qing, China
| | - Teng Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chong Qing Medical University, Number 76, LinJiang Road, YuZhong District, 400010, Chong Qing, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chong Qing Medical University, Number 76, LinJiang Road, YuZhong District, 400010, Chong Qing, China
| | - Lifen Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chong Qing Medical University, Number 76, LinJiang Road, YuZhong District, 400010, Chong Qing, China.
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Yang M, Tian J, Guo X, Yang Y, Guan R, Qiu M, Li Y, Sun X, Zhen Y, Zhang Y, Chen C, Li Y, Fang H. Long noncoding RNA are aberrantly expressed in human papillary thyroid carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:544-552. [PMID: 27347178 PMCID: PMC4906702 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as key regulatory molecules at almost every level of gene expression regulation. The altered expression of lncRNAs is a characteristic of numerous types of cancer, and lncRNAs have been demonstrated to promote the development, invasion and metastasis of tumors through various mechanisms. However, the role of lncRNAs in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) remain unclear. In the present study, differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs were detected by human lncRNA microarray in three pairs of PTC and adjacent noncancerous samples. The microarray results revealed that 675 lncRNAs and 751 mRNAs were abnormally expressed in the three PTC samples compared with adjacent noncancerous samples (fold change ≥2.0; P<0.05). To validate the microarray results, 8 differentially expressed lncRNAs were randomly selected for quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The results of qPCR were consistent with the microarray data; the 8 lncRNAs had an aberrant expression in the PTC samples compared with the adjacent noncancerous samples. Gene ontology and pathway analysis indicated that there were 7 downregulated pathways and 29 upregulated pathways in PTC. LncRNA classification and subgroup analysis revealed 7 pairs of enhancer-like lncRNA-mRNA, 9 pairs of antisense lncRNA-mRNA and 45 pairs of lncRNA-mRNA were differentially expressed between PTC and their paired noncancerous samples. In conclusion, the present study identified a series of novel PTC-associated lncRNAs. Further study with these lncRNAs is instrumental for the identification of novel target molecules that could lead to improved diagnosis and treatment for PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiliu Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, P.R. China
| | - Jinli Tian
- Department of Endocrinology, Tangshan Workers' Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Xin Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Tangshan Workers' Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, P.R. China
| | - Ruhua Guan
- Department of Medicine, Hebei United University, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Mingyue Qiu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, P.R. China
| | - Yukai Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, P.R. China
| | - Xueling Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Tangshan Workers' Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Yanfeng Zhen
- Department of Endocrinology, Tangshan Workers' Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Yazhong Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Tangshan Workers' Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Chunyou Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Tangshan Workers' Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Yanbing Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Tangshan Workers' Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Hui Fang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, P.R. China; Department of Endocrinology, Tangshan Workers' Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
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Cross AM, Wilson AL, Guerrero MS, Thomas KS, Bachir AI, Kubow KE, Horwitz AR, Bouton AH. Breast cancer antiestrogen resistance 3-p130 Cas interactions promote adhesion disassembly and invasion in breast cancer cells. Oncogene 2016; 35:5850-5859. [PMID: 27109104 PMCID: PMC5079856 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Adhesion turnover is critical for cell motility and invasion. We previously demonstrated that the adaptor molecule Breast Cancer Antiestrogen Resistance 3 (BCAR3) promotes adhesion disassembly and breast tumor cell invasion. One of two established binding partners of BCAR3 is the adaptor molecule, p130Cas. In this study, we sought to determine whether signaling through the BCAR3/Cas complex was responsible for the cellular functions of BCAR3. We show that the entire pool of BCAR3 is in complex with Cas in invasive breast tumor cells and that these proteins co-localize in dynamic cellular adhesions. While accumulation of BCAR3 in adhesions did not require Cas binding, a direct interaction between BCAR3 and Cas was necessary for efficient dissociation of BCAR3 from adhesions. The dissociation rates of Cas and two other adhesion molecules, α-actinin and talin, were also significantly slower in the presence of a Cas-binding mutant of BCAR3, suggesting that turnover of the entire adhesion complex was delayed under these conditions. As was the case for adhesion turnover, BCAR3-Cas interactions were found to be important for BCAR3-mediated breast tumor cell chemotaxis toward serum and invasion in Matrigel. Previous work demonstrated that BCAR3 is a potent activator of Rac1, which in turn is an important regulator of adhesion dynamics and invasion. However, in contrast to wildtype BCAR3, ectopic expression of the Cas-binding mutant of BCAR3 failed to induce Rac1 activity in breast cancer cells. Together, these data show that the ability of BCAR3 to promote adhesion disassembly, tumor cell migration and invasion, and Rac1 activity is dependent on its ability to bind to Cas. The activity of BCAR3-Cas complexes as a functional unit in breast cancer is further supported by the co-expression of these molecules in multiple subtypes of human breast tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Cross
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - A L Wilson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - M S Guerrero
- Fujifilm Diosynth Biotechnologies, USA, Inc., Cary, NC, USA
| | - K S Thomas
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - A I Bachir
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - K E Kubow
- Department of Biology, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, USA
| | - A R Horwitz
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - A H Bouton
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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Hu J, Meng Y, Yu T, Hu L, Mao M. Ubiquitin E3 ligase MARCH7 promotes ovarian tumor growth. Oncotarget 2016; 6:12174-87. [PMID: 25895127 PMCID: PMC4494930 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin E3 ligase MARCH7 is involved in T cell proliferation and neuronal development. We found that expression of MARCH7 was higher in ovarian cancer tissues than normal ovarian tissues. Silencing MARCH7 decreased cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Ectopic expression of MARCH7 increased cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Silencing MARCH7 prevented ovarian cancer growth in mice. Silencing MARCH7 inhibited NFkB and Wnt/β-catenin pathway. In agreement, ectopically expressed MARCH7 activated NFkB and Wnt/β-catenin pathways. Finally, MARCH7 was regulated by miR-101. Thus, MARCH7 is oncogenic and a potential target (oncotarget) for ovarian cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Meng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tinghe Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lina Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ming Mao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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28
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Green YS, Kwon S, Christian JL. Expression pattern of bcar3, a downstream target of Gata2, and its binding partner, bcar1, during Xenopus development. Gene Expr Patterns 2015; 20:55-62. [PMID: 26631802 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Primitive hematopoiesis generates red blood cells that deliver oxygen to the developing embryo. Mesodermal cells commit to a primitive blood cell fate during gastrulation and, in order to do so the mesoderm must receive non-cell autonomous signals transmitted from other germ layers. In Xenopus, the transcription factor Gata2 functions in ectodermal cells to generate or transmit the non-cell autonomous signals. Here we have identified Breast Cancer Antiestrogen Resistance 3 (bcar3) as a gene that is induced in ectodermal cells downstream of Gata2. Bcar3 and its binding partner Bcar1 function to transduce integrin signaling, leading to changes in cellular morphology, motility and adhesion. We show that gata2, bcar3 and bcar1 are co-expressed in ventral ectoderm from early gastrula to early tailbud stages. At later stages of development, bcar3 and bcar1 are co-expressed in the spinal cord, notochord, fin mesenchyme and pronephros but each shows additional unique sites of expression. These co-expression and unique expression patterns suggest that Bcar3 and Bcar1 may function together but also independently during Xenopus development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangsook Song Green
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, University of Utah, School of Medicine, 20 North 1900 East, Salt Lake City, UT 94132, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, University of Utah, School of Medicine, 20 North 1900 East, Salt Lake City, UT 94132, USA
| | - Sunjong Kwon
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, School of Medicine, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR 97239-3098, USA
| | - Jan L Christian
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, University of Utah, School of Medicine, 20 North 1900 East, Salt Lake City, UT 94132, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, University of Utah, School of Medicine, 20 North 1900 East, Salt Lake City, UT 94132, USA.
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Li N, Li S. Epigenetic inactivation of SOX1 promotes cell migration in lung cancer. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:4603-10. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3107-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Ghosh S, Gu F, Wang CM, Lin CL, Liu J, Wang H, Ravdin P, Hu Y, Huang THM, Li R. Genome-wide DNA methylation profiling reveals parity-associated hypermethylation of FOXA1. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2014; 147:653-9. [PMID: 25234841 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-014-3132-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Early pregnancy in women by the age of 20 is known to have a profound effect on reduction of lifelong breast cancer risk as compared to their nulliparous counterparts. Additional pregnancies further enhance the protection against breast cancer development. Nationwide trend of delayed pregnancy may contribute to the recently reported increase in the incidence of advanced breast cancer among young women in this country. The underlying mechanism for the parity-associated reduction of breast cancer risk is not clearly understood. The purpose of the current study is to use whole-genome DNA methylation profiling to explore a potential association between parity and epigenetic changes in breast tissue from women with early parity and nulliparity. Breast tissue was collected from age-matched cancer-free women with early parity (age < 20; n = 15) or nulliparity (n = 13). The methyl-CpG binding domain-based capture-sequencing technology was used for whole-genome DNA methylation profiling. Potential parity-associated hypermethylated genes were further verified by locus-specific pyrosequencing, using an expanded cohort of parous (n = 19) and nulliparous (n = 16) women that included the initial samples used in the global analysis. Our study identified six genes that are hypermethylated in the parous group (P < 0.05). Pyrosequencing confirmed parity-associated hypermethylation at multiple CpG islands of the FOXA1 gene, which encodes a pioneer factor that facilitates chromatin binding of estrogen receptor α. Our work identifies several potential methylation biomarkers for parity-associated breast cancer risk assessment. In addition, the results are consistent with the notion that parity-associated epigenetic silencing of FOXA1 contributes to long-term attenuation of the estrogenic impact on breast cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Ghosh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cancer Therapy and Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
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Sieuwerts AM, Lyng MB, Meijer-van Gelder ME, de Weerd V, Sweep FCGJ, Foekens JA, Span PN, Martens JWM, Ditzel HJ. Evaluation of the ability of adjuvant tamoxifen-benefit gene signatures to predict outcome of hormone-naive estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer patients treated with tamoxifen in the advanced setting. Mol Oncol 2014; 8:1679-89. [PMID: 25081647 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
To identify molecular markers indicative of response to tamoxifen and easily implemented in the routine setting, we recently reported three gene signatures that could stratify post-menopausal tamoxifen-treated, estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) patients according to outcome in the adjuvant setting. Here, we evaluated the predictive potential of the total of 14 genes included in the 3 gene signatures using 2 hormone-naïve Dutch ER+ cohorts of a total of 285 recurrent breast cancer patients treated with first-line tamoxifen. mRNA levels were measured by reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and the length of progression-free survival (PFS) was used as the primary endpoint. A Mann-Whitney U test was used to select for differentially expressed genes between tumors of patients who showed or did not show progressive disease within 6 months after start of tamoxifen treatment. Cox univariate and multivariate regression analysis for PFS were used to further assess their (independent) predictive potential. Five (BCAR3, BCL2, ESR1, IGF1R, and NCOA1) of the 14 genes analyzed showed significantly higher mRNA levels in tumors of patients who showed no disease progression within 6 months. Only BCAR3, BCL2 and NAT1 were significantly associated with a favorable PFS in multivariate analysis that included the traditional predictive factors: age, dominant relapse site, disease-free interval, ER and progesterone receptor (PGR), and adjuvant chemotherapy. This study shows that BCAR3, BCL2 and NAT1 in particular exhibit predictive promise regarding the efficacy of tamoxifen treatment in recurrent disease, in addition to the previously shown favorable outcome in the adjuvant setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anieta M Sieuwerts
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Maria B Lyng
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Marion E Meijer-van Gelder
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vanja de Weerd
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fred C G J Sweep
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - John A Foekens
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul N Span
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - John W M Martens
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henrik J Ditzel
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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Wallez Y, Riedl SJ, Pasquale EB. Association of the breast cancer antiestrogen resistance protein 1 (BCAR1) and BCAR3 scaffolding proteins in cell signaling and antiestrogen resistance. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:10431-10444. [PMID: 24584939 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.541839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Most breast cancers are estrogen receptor-positive and treated with antiestrogens, but aberrant signaling networks can induce drug resistance. One of these networks involves the scaffolding protein BCAR1/p130CAS, which regulates cell growth and migration/invasion. A less investigated scaffolding protein that also confers antiestrogen resistance is the SH2 domain-containing protein BCAR3. BCAR1 and BCAR3 bind tightly to each other through their C-terminal domains, thus potentially connecting their associated signaling networks. However, recent studies using BCAR1 and BCAR3 interaction mutants concluded that association between the two proteins is not critical for many of their interrelated activities regulating breast cancer malignancy. We report that these previously used BCAR mutations fail to cause adequate loss-of-function of the complex. By using structure-based BCAR1 and BCAR3 mutants that lack the ability to interact, we show that BCAR3-induced antiestrogen resistance in MCF7 breast cancer cells critically depends on its ability to bind BCAR1. Interaction with BCAR3 increases the levels of phosphorylated BCAR1, ultimately potentiating BCAR1-dependent antiestrogen resistance. Furthermore, antiestrogen resistance in cells overexpressing BCAR1/BCAR3 correlates with increased ERK1/2 activity. Inhibiting ERK1/2 through overexpression of the regulatory protein PEA15 negates the resistance, revealing a key role for ERK1/2 in BCAR1/BCAR3-induced antiestrogen resistance. Reverse-phase protein array data show that PEA15 levels in invasive breast cancers correlate with patient survival, suggesting that PEA15 can override ERK1/2 activation by BCAR1/BCAR3 and other upstream regulators. We further uncovered that the BCAR3-related NSP3 can also promote antiestrogen resistance. Thus, strategies to disrupt BCAR1-BCAR3/NSP3 complexes and associated signaling networks could ultimately lead to new breast cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Wallez
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Stefan J Riedl
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Elena B Pasquale
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037; Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego California 92093.
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Oh MJ, Yi SJ, Kim HS, Kim JH, Jeong YH, van Agthoven T, Jhun BH. Functional roles of BCAR3 in the signaling pathways of insulin leading to DNA synthesis, membrane ruffling and GLUT4 translocation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 441:911-6. [PMID: 24216110 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.10.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer anti-estrogen resistance 3 (BCAR3) is an SH2-containing signal transducer and is implicated in tumorigenesis of breast cancer cells. In this study, we found that BCAR3 mediates the induction of ERK activation and DNA synthesis by insulin, but not by IGF-1. Specifically, the SH2 domain of BCAR3 is involved in insulin-stimulated DNA synthesis. Differential tyrosine-phosphorylated patterns of the BCAR3 immune complex were detected in insulin and IGF-1 signaling, suggesting that BCAR3 is a distinct target molecule of insulin and IGF-1 signaling. Moreover, microinjection of BCAR3 inhibitory materials inhibited membrane ruffling induced by insulin, while this did not affect insulin-mediated GLUT4 translocation. Taken together, these results demonstrated that BCAR3 plays an important role in the signaling pathways of insulin leading to cell cycle progression and cytoskeleton reorganization, but not GLUT4 translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Ju Oh
- Clinical Trials Management Division, Pharmaceutical Safety Bureau, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongwon, Chungbuk 363-700, Republic of Korea
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Aranda F, Vacchelli E, Eggermont A, Galon J, Sautès-Fridman C, Tartour E, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. Trial Watch: Peptide vaccines in cancer therapy. Oncoimmunology 2013; 2:e26621. [PMID: 24498550 PMCID: PMC3902120 DOI: 10.4161/onci.26621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Throughout the past 3 decades, along with the recognition that the immune system not only influences oncogenesis and tumor progression, but also determines how established neoplastic lesions respond therapy, renovated enthusiasm has gathered around the possibility of using vaccines as anticancer agents. Such an enthusiasm quickly tempered when it became clear that anticancer vaccines would have to be devised as therapeutic, rather than prophylactic, measures, and that malignant cells often fail to elicit (or actively suppress) innate and adaptive immune responses. Nonetheless, accumulating evidence indicates that a variety of anticancer vaccines, including cell-based, DNA-based, and purified component-based preparations, are capable of circumventing the poorly immunogenic and highly immunosuppressive nature of most tumors and elicit (at least under some circumstances) therapeutically relevant immune responses. Great efforts are currently being devoted to the identification of strategies that may provide anticancer vaccines with the capacity of breaking immunological tolerance and eliciting tumor-associated antigen-specific immunity in a majority of patients. In this sense, promising results have been obtained by combining anticancer vaccines with a relatively varied panels of adjuvants, including multiple immunostimulatory cytokines, Toll-like receptor agonists as well as inhibitors of immune checkpoints. One year ago, in the December issue of OncoImmunology, we discussed the biological mechanisms that underlie the antineoplastic effects of peptide-based vaccines and presented an abundant literature demonstrating the prominent clinical potential of such an approach. Here, we review the latest developments in this exciting area of research, focusing on high-profile studies that have been published during the last 13 mo and clinical trials launched in the same period to evaluate purified peptides or full-length proteins as therapeutic anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Aranda
- Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France ; INSERM, U848; Villejuif, France ; Université Paris-Sud/Paris XI; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Lique Nationale contre le Cancer; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
| | - Erika Vacchelli
- Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France ; INSERM, U848; Villejuif, France ; Université Paris-Sud/Paris XI; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Lique Nationale contre le Cancer; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
| | | | - Jerome Galon
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris, France ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI; Paris, France ; INSERM, U872; Paris, France ; Equipe 15, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
| | - Catherine Sautès-Fridman
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI; Paris, France ; INSERM, U872; Paris, France ; Equipe 13, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
| | - Eric Tartour
- Pôle de Biologie; Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou; AP-HP; Paris, France ; INSERM, U970; Paris, France
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France ; INSERM, U1015; CICBT507; Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Pôle de Biologie; Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou; AP-HP; Paris, France ; INSERM, U848; Villejuif, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Lique Nationale contre le Cancer; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France ; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris, France ; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms; Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Lique Nationale contre le Cancer; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France ; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris, France
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