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Kankipati SM, Mahalingam A, Reshie A, Fayaz F, Nimal S, Duggineni D. Clinical Insights Into Waardenburg-Shah Syndrome: A Case Series and Literature Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e59858. [PMID: 38854277 PMCID: PMC11157294 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Researching Waardenburg syndrome (WS) underscores its rarity and complex symptomatology, presenting as a congenital disorder predominantly inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. It exhibits incomplete penetrance, which results in a wide range of clinical manifestations, with variable phenotypic presentations within the same family as well. The most commonly found features are facial abnormalities, hypopigmentation of the skin, heterochromia iridis, and conductive deafness. Adding to the eccentricities of this syndrome are its four subtypes, each presenting with its specific clinical features, which helps in delineating the subtype. A mutated paired box 3 (PAX3) gene manifests as type 1 Waardenburg, which is characterized by sideways displacement of the inner angles of the eyes (i.e., dystopia canthorum), widely spaced eyes, congenital sensorineural hearing impairment, and patchy pigmentation of the iris, skin, and hair. Due to insufficient research, it has been difficult to isolate all the genetic mutations responsible for type 2, but its phenotype is very similar to type 1 with minor differences. Type 3 is characterized by musculoskeletal abnormalities. Waardenburg-Shah syndrome (type 4), which is associated with Hirschsprung disease, is the rarest subtype and is caused by genetic mutations in the endothelin receptor type B (EDNRB), endothelin-3 (EDN3), or sex-determining region Y (SRY) box 10 (SOX10) gene. We present a case series of this unique subtype that presented with a typical history of constipation due to Hirschsprung disease and had phenotypic manifestations of white forelock, heterochromia iridis, and bilateral sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). In parallel with a positive 1° family history of a white forelock, we reflect on the fundamentals of this unique syndrome, as well as its management protocols, highlighting the importance of genetic counseling and cultivation of a high index of suspicion for its diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aisha Reshie
- Internal Medicine, Government Medical College, Srinagar, IND
| | - Falah Fayaz
- Internal Medicine, Government Medical College, Srinagar, IND
| | - Simran Nimal
- Medicine and Surgery, Byramjee Jeejeebhoy (BJ) Government Medical College, Pune, IND
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2
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Xiao J, Hao LW, Wang J, Yu XS, You JY, Li ZJ, Mao HD, Meng XY, Feng JX. Comprehensive characterization of the genetic landscape of familial Hirschsprung's disease. World J Pediatr 2023; 19:644-651. [PMID: 36857021 PMCID: PMC10258170 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-023-00686-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR) is one of the most common congenital digestive tract malformations and can cause stubborn constipation or gastrointestinal obstruction after birth, causing great physical and mental pain to patients and their families. Studies have shown that more than 20 genes are involved in HSCR, and most cases of HSCR are sporadic. However, the overall rate of familial recurrence in 4331 cases of HSCR is about 7.6%. Furthermore, familial HSCR patients show incomplete dominance. We still do not know the penetrance and genetic characteristics of these known risk genes due to the rarity of HSCR families. METHODS To find published references, we used the title/abstract terms "Hirschsprung" and "familial" in the PubMed database and the MeSH terms "Hirschsprung" and "familial" in Web of Science. Finally, we summarized 129 HSCR families over the last 40 years. RESULTS The male-to-female ratio and the percentage of short segment-HSCR in familial HSCR are much lower than in sporadic HSCR. The primary gene factors in the syndromic families are ret proto-oncogene (RET) and endothelin B receptor gene (EDNRB). Most families show incomplete dominance and are relevant to RET, and the RET mutation has 56% penetrance in familial HSCR. When one of the parents is a RET mutation carrier in an HSCR family, the offspring's recurrence risk is 28%, and the incidence of the offspring does not depend on whether the parent suffers from HSCR. CONCLUSION Our findings will help HSCR patients obtain better genetic counseling, calculate the risk of recurrence, and provide new insights for future pedigree studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xiao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Hubei Clinical Center of Hirschsprung's Disease and Allied Disorders, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Lu-Wen Hao
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Hubei Clinical Center of Hirschsprung's Disease and Allied Disorders, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiao-Si Yu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Hubei Clinical Center of Hirschsprung's Disease and Allied Disorders, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jing-Yi You
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Hubei Clinical Center of Hirschsprung's Disease and Allied Disorders, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ze-Jian Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Hubei Clinical Center of Hirschsprung's Disease and Allied Disorders, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Han-Dan Mao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Hubei Clinical Center of Hirschsprung's Disease and Allied Disorders, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xin-Yao Meng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Hubei Clinical Center of Hirschsprung's Disease and Allied Disorders, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Jie-Xiong Feng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Hubei Clinical Center of Hirschsprung's Disease and Allied Disorders, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Mutations in rhodopsin, endothelin B receptor, and CC chemokine receptor 5 in large animals: Modeling human diseases. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2022; 189:155-178. [PMID: 35595348 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2022.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of cell membrane receptors involved in modulating almost all physiological processes by transducing extracellular signals into the cytoplasm. Dysfunctions of GPCR-regulated signaling result in diverse human diseases, making GPCRs the most popular drug targets for human medicine. Large animals share higher similarities (in physiology and metabolism) with humans than rodents. Similar to findings in human genetics, diverse diseases caused by mutations in GPCR genes have also been discovered in large animals. Rhodopsin, endothelin B receptor, and CC chemokine receptor type 5 have been shown to be involved in human retinitis pigmentosa, Hirschsprung disease, and HIV infection/AIDS, respectively, and several mutations of these GPCRs have also been identified from large animals. The large animals with naturally occurring mutations of these GPCRs provide an opportunity to gain a better understanding of the pathogenesis of human diseases, and can be used for preclinical trials of therapies for human diseases. In this review, we aim to summarize the naturally occurring mutations of these three GPCRs in large animals and humans.
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KURT F, DOĞAN M, ERÖZ R. Waardenburg Sendromu'nda Tanımlanan Çok Nadir Bir PAX3 Geni Varyantı: c.232G>A(p.Val78Met). DÜZCE ÜNIVERSITESI SAĞLIK BILIMLERI ENSTITÜSÜ DERGISI 2021. [DOI: 10.33631/duzcesbed.894013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Khan TA, Safdar CA, Zameer S, Khushdil A. Waardenburg-Shah syndrome (WS type IV): a rare case from Pakistan. Perioper Med (Lond) 2020; 9:4. [PMID: 31998473 PMCID: PMC6979113 DOI: 10.1186/s13741-019-0135-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Waardenburg-Shah syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive [AR] inherited disorder characterized by the presence of Hirschsprung's disease with a high likelihood of aganglionic megacolon, due to which the mortality is high. The management of the condition involves surgical intervention for the removal of the aganglionic segment of the colon. Here, we report a neonate that presented with a white forelock, white eyelashes, iris hypopigmentation, and sensorineural deafness associated with bilious vomiting, refusal to feed, and failure to pass meconium indicating intestinal obstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - C Aqeel Safdar
- National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Shehryar Zameer
- National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Arshad Khushdil
- National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
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Chen YS, Liu F, Luo YH, Fan Y, Xu FG, Li P, Zhou B, Pan XY, Wang CC, Cui L. EDNRB isoform 3 confers Temozolomide resistance in A375 melanoma cells by modulating membrane potential, reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial Ca 2. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:7353-7367. [PMID: 31496797 PMCID: PMC6689146 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s208604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The role of endothelin receptor type B (EDNRB) isoform 3 involved in Temozolomide (TMZ)-induced melanoma cell death has not yet been elucidated. Methods The subcellular localization of EDNRB isoform 3 was determined by confocal and immunoblotting assays. Silencing EDNRB isoform 3 was performed by CRISPR/Cas9. Apoptosis was assessed by annexin V/propium iodide staining and caspases 3/7/9 activity. Mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial Ca2+ were measured by flow cytometry. Apoptosis protein array was applied. Results Confocal and immunoblot analyses indicate mitochondrial localization of EDNRB isoform 3 and the first N-terminal (1–22) amino acids are sufficient for its mitochondrial targeting. EDNRB isoform 3 depleted A375 cells significantly confers chemoresistance with mitochondrial depolarization, reduced reactive oxygen species, enhanced mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and decreased caspase 9 activation. Additionally, apoptosis array shows that lack of EDNRB isoform 3 has relatively lower expression of phosphorylation of p53 at S392 and a slightly higher expression of Paraoxonase 2. Conclusion Our findings raise the possibility of targeting EDNRB isoform 3 as a new therapeutic strategy in combination with TMZ for melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Shan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Fen Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Hong Luo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Fan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Gui Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Pin Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Bei Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu Yu Pan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi Chiu Wang
- Reproduction and Development Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.,School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Long Cui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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Rankine-Mullings AE, Serjeant G, Ramsay Z, Hanchard NA, Asnani M. The additional genetic diagnosis of homozygous sickle cell disease in a patient with Waardenburg-Shah syndrome: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2019; 13:10. [PMID: 30636638 PMCID: PMC6330566 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-018-1953-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is important that multiple genetic diagnoses are not missed. This case report describes the clinical features and management of a patient with co-inheritance of Waardenburg syndrome type 4 or Waardenburg-Shah syndrome, an extremely rare disease, and homozygous sickle cell disease not uncommon in the Caribbean. This case is unusual as it may be the first documented case of the co-inheritance of both these diseases. Given the commonality of sickle cell and related hemoglobinopathies, such combined disorders are likely to be under-reported. Importantly, reporting this case will add to the medical literature as it will raise awareness of the phenotypic manifestations of this disorder. Case presentation A 54-year-old Afro-Caribbean woman had a delayed diagnosis of homozygous sickle cell disease at 7 years of age by hemoglobin electrophoresis. The complications of sickle cell disease she experienced included bone pain, a chronic right leg ulcer, avascular necrosis of her left hip, and symptomatic cholelithiasis. This diagnosis was preceded by an earlier diagnosis of Waardenburg syndrome. The basis for the diagnosis of Waardenburg-Shah syndrome was the presence of pigmentary disturbances of her eyes (hypoplastic blue irides), congenital sensorineural hearing loss, and Hirschsprung’s disease. She was mute and complained of chronic constipation which required disimpaction on several occasions. She attended a school for the deaf and communicated via writing. A Duhamel procedure bypassing her rectum was performed at age 9. She died following an admission for acute chest syndrome complications. Conclusion Sickle cell disease can be diagnosed by newborn screening but, as in this case, may have a delayed presentation. The delay in diagnosis of homozygous sickle cell disease illustrates that other genetic disorders should be considered in patients who already have a diagnosis of one Mendelian disorder but show atypical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela E Rankine-Mullings
- Sickle Cell Unit, Caribbean Institute for Health Research, The University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica.
| | - Graham Serjeant
- Sickle Cell Trust (Jamaica), 14 Milverton Crescent, Kingston 6, Jamaica
| | - Zachary Ramsay
- Sickle Cell Unit, Caribbean Institute for Health Research, The University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica
| | - Neil A Hanchard
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Monika Asnani
- Sickle Cell Unit, Caribbean Institute for Health Research, The University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica
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DiStefano MT, Hemphill SE, Cushman BJ, Bowser MJ, Hynes E, Grant AR, Siegert RK, Oza AM, Gonzalez MA, Amr SS, Rehm HL, Abou Tayoun AN. Curating Clinically Relevant Transcripts for the Interpretation of Sequence Variants. J Mol Diagn 2018; 20:789-801. [PMID: 30096381 PMCID: PMC6204605 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Variant interpretation depends on accurate annotations using biologically relevant transcripts. We have developed a systematic strategy for designating primary transcripts and have applied it to 109 hearing loss-associated genes that were divided into three categories. Category 1 genes (n = 38) had a single transcript; category 2 genes (n = 33) had multiple transcripts, but a single transcript was sufficient to represent all exons; and category 3 genes (n = 38) had multiple transcripts with unique exons. Transcripts were curated with respect to gene expression reported in the literature and the Genotype-Tissue Expression Project. In addition, high-frequency loss-of-function variants in the Genome Aggregation Database and disease-causing variants in ClinVar and the Human Gene Mutation Database across the 109 genes were queried. These data were used to classify exons as clinically significant, insignificant, or of uncertain significance. Interestingly, 6% of all exons, containing 124 reportedly disease-causing variants, were of uncertain significance. Finally, we used exon-level next-generation sequencing quality metrics generated at two clinical laboratories and identified a total of 43 technically challenging exons in 20 different genes that had inadequate coverage and/or homology issues that might lead to false-variant calls. We have demonstrated that transcript analysis plays a critical role in accurate clinical variant interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina T DiStefano
- Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Partners Healthcare Personalized Medicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Sarah E Hemphill
- Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Partners Healthcare Personalized Medicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Brandon J Cushman
- Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Partners Healthcare Personalized Medicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Mark J Bowser
- Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Partners Healthcare Personalized Medicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Elizabeth Hynes
- Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Partners Healthcare Personalized Medicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew R Grant
- Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Partners Healthcare Personalized Medicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Rebecca K Siegert
- Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Partners Healthcare Personalized Medicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Andrea M Oza
- Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Partners Healthcare Personalized Medicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Michael A Gonzalez
- Division of Genomic Diagnostics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sami S Amr
- Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Partners Healthcare Personalized Medicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Heidi L Rehm
- Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Partners Healthcare Personalized Medicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Medical and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Ahmad N Abou Tayoun
- Division of Genomic Diagnostics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Genetics Department, Al Jalila Children's Specialty Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
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Cai P, Li H, Huo W, Zhu H, Xu C, Zang R, Lv W, Xia Y, Tang W. Aberrant expression of LncRNA-MIR31HG regulates cell migration and proliferation by affecting miR-31 and miR-31* in Hirschsprung's disease. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:8195-8203. [PMID: 29626357 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR) is a birth defect that causes a failure of the enteric nervous system to cover the distal gut during early embryonic development. Evidence shows that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) play important roles in HSCR. The MIR31 host gene (MIR31HG), also known as Loc554202, is a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), which acts as the host gene of (microRNA) miR-31 and miR-31*. There have been no studies regarding its function in early developmental defects during pregnancy, and its downstream genetic receptors. We report that downregulation of MIR31HG inhibited migration and proliferation in 293T and SH-SY5Y cell lines, by suppressing miR-31 and miR-31*. Moreover, the downregulation of miR-31 and miR-31* enhanced inter-α-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 5 (ITIH5) and the phosphatidylinositol-4, 5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic gamma subunit (PIK3CG), respectively with reductions of cell migration and proliferation in 293T and SH-SY5Y cell lines. In addition, synergistic actions were observed between miR-31 and miR-31* in cell migration and proliferation. Our results demonstrated that the MIR31HG-miR-31/31*-ITIH5/PIK3CG pathway plays a role in the pathogenesis of HSCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Cai
- Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Hongxing Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Weiwei Huo
- Department of Gynecology, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Hairong Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Chao Xu
- Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, P.R. China
| | - Rujin Zang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Wei Lv
- School of Business, Nanjing University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yankai Xia
- Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Weibing Tang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
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Liang F, Zhao M, Fan L, Zhang H, Shi Y, Han R, Qu C. Identification of a de novo mutation of SOX10 in a Chinese patient with Waardenburg syndrome type IV. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2016; 91:67-71. [PMID: 27863645 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2016.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Waardenburg syndrome is a rare genetic disorder, characterized by the association of sensorineural hearing loss and pigmentation abnormalities. Four subtypes have been classified. The present study aimed to analyze the clinical feature and investigate the genetic cause for a Chinese case of Waardenburg type IV (WS4). METHODS The patient and his family members were subjected to mutation detection in the candidate gene SOX10 by Sanger sequencing. RESULTS The patient has the clinical features of WS4, including sensorineural hearing loss, bright blue irides, premature graying of the hair and Hirschsprung disease. A novel heterozygous frameshift mutation, c.752_753ins7 (p.Gly252Alafs*31) in the exon 5 of SOX10 was detected in the patient, but not found in the unaffected family members and 100 normal controls. This mutation results in a premature stop codon 31 amino acid downstream. CONCLUSIONS The novel mutation c.752_753ins7 (p.Gly252Alafs*31) arose de novo and was considered as the cause of WS4 in the proband. This study further characterized the molecular complexity of WS4 and provided a clinical case for genotype-phenotype correlation studies of different phenotypes caused by SOX10 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghe Liang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Min Zhao
- China Rehabilitation and Research Center for Deaf Children, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lynn Fan
- University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- China Rehabilitation and Research Center for Deaf Children, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yang Shi
- China Rehabilitation and Research Center for Deaf Children, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Rui Han
- China Rehabilitation and Research Center for Deaf Children, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chunyan Qu
- China Rehabilitation and Research Center for Deaf Children, Beijing 100029, China.
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A del(13)(q21.32q31.2)dn refined to 21.9 Mb in a female toddler with irides heterochromia and hypopigmentation: appraisal of interstitial mid-13q deletions. Clin Dysmorphol 2016; 26:33-37. [PMID: 27750267 DOI: 10.1097/mcd.0000000000000159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Gross ER, Geddes GC, McCarrier JA, Jarzembowski JA, Arca MJ. Skip segment Hirschsprung disease and Waardenburg syndrome. JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC SURGERY CASE REPORTS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.epsc.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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13
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Fernández RM, Núñez-Ramos R, Enguix-Riego MV, Román-Rodríguez FJ, Galán-Gómez E, Blesa-Sánchez E, Antiñolo G, Núñez-Núñez R, Borrego S. Waardenburg syndrome type 4: report of two new cases caused by SOX10 mutations in Spain. Am J Med Genet A 2013; 164A:542-7. [PMID: 24311220 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Shah-Waardenburg syndrome or Waardenburg syndrome type 4 (WS4) is a neurocristopathy characterized by the association of deafness, depigmentation and Hirschsprung disease. Three disease-causing genes have been identified so far for WS4: EDNRB, EDN3, and SOX10. SOX10 mutations, found in 45-55% of WS4 patients, are inherited in autosomal dominant way. In addition, mutations in SOX10 are also responsible for an extended syndrome involving peripheral and central neurological phenotypes, referred to as PCWH (peripheral demyelinating neuropathy, central dysmyelinating leucodystrophy, Waardenburg syndrome, Hirschsprung disease). Such mutations are mostly private, and a high intra- and inter-familial variability exists. In this report, we present a patient with WS4 and a second with PCWH due to SOX10 mutations supporting again the genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity of these syndromes. Interestingly, the WS4 family carries an insertion of 19 nucleotides in exon 5 of SOX10, which results in distinct phenotypes along three different generations: hypopigmentation in the maternal grandmother, hearing loss in the mother, and WS4 in the proband. Since mosaicism cannot explain the three different related-WS features observed in this family, we propose as the most plausible explanation the existence of additional molecular events, acting in an additive or multiplicative fashion, in genes or regulatory regions unidentified so far. On the other hand, the PCWH case was due to a de novo deletion in exon 5 of the gene. Efforts should be devoted to unravel the mechanisms underlying the intrafamilial phenotypic variability observed in the families affected, and to identify new genes responsible for the still unsolved WS4 cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel M Fernández
- Department of Genetics, Reproduction and Fetal Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain; Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Seville, Spain
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