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Erkoc-Kaya D, Arikoglu H, Guclu E, Dursunoglu D, Menevse E. Juglone-ascorbate treatment enhances reactive oxygen species mediated mitochondrial apoptosis in pancreatic cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:340. [PMID: 38393422 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09254-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer (PC) is challenging due to its aggressiveness and acquired resistance to conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Therefore, the discovery of new therapeutic agents and strategies is essential. Juglone, a naphthoquinone, is a secondary metabolite produced naturally in walnut-type trees having allelopathic features in its native environment. Juglone was shown to prevent cell proliferation and induce ROS-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis. Ascorbate with both antioxidant and oxidant features, shows selective cytotoxicity in cancer cells. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, we evaluated the anticancer effects of Juglone in combination with ascorbate in PANC-1 and BxPC-3 PC cells. The MTT assay was used to determine the IC50 dose of Juglone with 1 mM NaAscorbate (Jug-NaAsc). Subsequently, the cells were treated with 5, 10, 15 and 20 µM Jug-NaAsc for 24 h. Apoptotic effects were evaluated by analyzing the following genes using qPCR; proapoptotic Bax, antiapoptotic Bcl-2 related to the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and apoptosis inhibitor Birc5 (Survivin). Immunofluorescence analysis was performed using Annexin V-FITC in PC cells. As an antioxidant enzyme, Trx2 protein levels were determined by a commercial ELISA test kit. Jug-NaAsc treatment decreased the expressions of antiapoptotic genes Bcl-2 and Birc5 while the apoptotic gene Bax expression increased at all doses. Additionally, a dose-dependently increase of apoptosis according to immunofluorescence analysis and the decreases of Trx2 enzyme levels at all treatments in both cell lines supported gene expression results. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that Juglone is a potential anticancer agent especially when combined with ascorbate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dudu Erkoc-Kaya
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Hilal Arikoglu
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ebru Guclu
- Department of Basic Science and Health, Hemp Research Institute Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Duygu Dursunoglu
- Department of Histology-Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Esma Menevse
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
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2
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Wang Y, Wang R, Yuan S, Liu X. Genetic polymorphisms of CYP24A1 gene and cancer susceptibility: a meta-analysis including 40640 subjects. World J Surg Oncol 2023; 21:279. [PMID: 37670334 PMCID: PMC10478352 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-023-03156-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether cytochrome P450 24A1 (CYP24A1) polymorphism is associated with cancer susceptibility, the individual study results are still controversial. Therefore, we performed a comprehensive study to identify the association of CYP24A1 polymorphisms (rs4809960, rs6068816, rs2296241, rs4809957, rs2762939) with cancer susceptibility. METHODS Electronic databases including Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Embase were systematically retrieved for relevant publications. Fixed or random-effect model was selected to calculate odds ratios (ORs) with their 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). RESULTS Eighteen published articles were identified. The results indicated that rs4809960 polymorphism was associated with a decreased cancer risk in Caucasian (TT vs. TC+CC: P=0.035; C vs. T: P=0.016) and Asian population (CC vs. TC+TT: OR P=0.044; TT vs. TC+CC: P=0.021; CC vs. TT: P=0.020; C vs. T: P=0.008) and breast cancer risk (TT vs. TC+CC: P = 0.007; TC vs. TT: P=0.004; C vs. T: P=0.033). A significant association was found between rs2296241 polymorphism and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma risk (AA vs. GG+AG: P = 0.023) and prostate cancer susceptibility (A vs. G: P=0.022). Furthermore, rs4809957 polymorphism was associated with prostate cancer susceptibility in Caucasian (GG vs. GA+AA: P=0.029; GA vs. GG: P=0.022) and breast cancer susceptibility (AA vs. GG+GA: P=0.012; AA vs. GG, P=0.010; A vs. G: P=0.024). Additionally, rs6068816 polymorphism significantly decreased the lung cancer (CC vs. CT+TT: P = 0.016; TT vs. CC: P = 0.044; CT vs. CC: P = 0.036; T vs. C: P = 0.016) and breast cancer risk (TT vs. CC+CT: P = 0.043; TT vs. CC: P = 0.039). No association was found for rs2762939 polymorphism with overall cancer risk. However, for rs2296241, rs4809957, and rs6068816 polymorphisms, there were no significant differences after the Bonferroni correction. CONCLUSION The meta-analysis suggested that rs4809960 was associated with cancer risk and might be a genetic marker for predicting cancer risk. More large-scale and large-sample studies are necessary to further confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubin Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Ruian People's Hospital, Ruian, 325200, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruiwen Wang
- Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shaofei Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Ruian People's Hospital, Ruian, 325200, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xiaotang Liu
- Department of Urology, Ruian People's Hospital, Ruian, 325200, Zhejiang, China.
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Malhotra P, Palanisamy R, Caparros-Martin JA, Falasca M. Bile Acids and Microbiota Interplay in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3573. [PMID: 37509236 PMCID: PMC10377396 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests the involvement of the microbiota, including oral, intra-tumoral and gut, in pancreatic cancer progression and response to therapy. The gut microbiota modulates the bile acid pool and is associated with maintaining host physiology. Studies have shown that the bile acid/gut microbiota axis is dysregulated in pancreatic cancer. Bile acid receptor expression and bile acid levels are dysregulated in pancreatic cancer as well. Studies have also shown that bile acids can cause pancreatic cell injury and facilitate cancer cell proliferation. The microbiota and its metabolites, including bile acids, are also altered in other conditions considered risk factors for pancreatic cancer development and can alter responses to chemotherapeutic treatments, thus affecting patient outcomes. Altogether, these findings suggest that the gut microbial and/or bile acid profiles could also serve as biomarkers for pancreatic cancer detection. This review will discuss the current knowledge on the interaction between gut microbiota interaction and bile acid metabolism in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Malhotra
- Metabolic Signalling Group, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Ranjith Palanisamy
- Metabolic Signalling Group, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | | | - Marco Falasca
- Metabolic Signalling Group, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
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Jahantigh D, Ghazaey Zidanloo S, Moossavi SZ, Forghani F. Interleukin 12B rs3212227 and rs6887695 single nucleotide polymorphisms are associated with the susceptibility to preeclampsia: Genetic, haplotype and bioinformatics analysis. Cytokine 2023; 164:156166. [PMID: 36842370 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
It is well-known that functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in IL-12B gene might intensely change the protein expression level, or modify its functions, which might result in immune disorders. The association between common IL-12B SNPs with preeclampsia (PE) risk has remained unclear yet. In a case-control study, 253 PE patients and 250 healthy subjects were genotyped for SNPs in IL-12B rs3212227 by PCR-RFLP and in IL-12B rs6887695 by AS-PCR. Novel in-silico analysis were performed to predict the potential functions of these polymorphisms, as well. The rs3212227 variation in IL12B gene showed an association with susceptibility to PE. The AC and CC genotypes and also C allele of this SNP were more frequent in patients. Likewise, they were frequent in early onset and late onset PE. The G allele and GC and CC genotype of rs6887695 SNP correlated negatively with PE development and it shown protective effect on PE risk. In addition, the AG and CC haplotypes of IL-12B were more prevalent in PE patients. Then, IL12B AC haplotype was less frequent in PE compare to healthy pregnant women. In-silico analysis of IL-12B rs3212227 gene polymorphism might not have significant impact on the mRNA structure and transcription of IL-12B. The results of our study revealed a significant relationship between rs3212227A/C and rs6887695G/C polymorphisms in IL-12B gene and the risk of PE in the Iranian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danial Jahantigh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran.
| | | | | | - Forough Forghani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
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Ghazaey Zidanloo S, Jahantigh D, Amini N. Vitamin D-Binding Protein and Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Genetic Association Analysis in Combination with Vitamin D Levels. Nutr Cancer 2023; 75:470-481. [PMID: 36511892 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2022.2156551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Genetic variations in the vitamin D-binding protein (VDBP) may be associated with the plasma level of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Furthermore, vitamin D deficiency increases the risk of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). This study aimed to examine the potential association of VDBP genetic variants (rs7041 and rs4588) with AML susceptibility. The polymorphisms in the VDBP gene and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were analyzed in 227 AML patients and 240 healthy controls enrolled in this study. Our data revealed that rs4588 CA and AA genotypes were significantly associated with AML susceptibility (OR = 1.483, p = 0.046; OR = 2.154, p = 0.013, respectively) and also with 61.59% vitamin D deficiency in the total group of AML patients. Under the TG co-dominant and dominant models, however, the rs7041 genotypes were significantly associated with AML protection (OR < 0.6; p < 0.05). In addition, vitamin D deficiency was prevalent in vitamin-D-deficient vs. sufficient AML patients who carried rs7041 and rs4588 mutant alleles (OR ≥ 2.2). Indeed, vitamin D deficiency and its interaction with the genetic variants of VDBP could change the risk of AML. Thus, vitamin D deficiency could be considered an important molecular factor in AML risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Danial Jahantigh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Amini
- Cancer Molecular Pathology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Micronutritional status after pylorus preserving duodenopancreatectomy: analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18475. [PMID: 34531424 PMCID: PMC8445937 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97438-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical frailty and nutritional malassimilation are often observed after pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic cancer. But long-term data concerning the course of micronutrient status is still missing. Micronutrient status after pylorus preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy with a follow-up of 12 months was evaluated using data of a randomized controlled trial. 47 patients were randomized with respect to the physiotherapy regimen they received (intensified physiotherapy: n = 22; standard physiotherapy: n = 25). Nutritional status was recorded preoperatively and postoperatively after one week, 3, 6 and 12 months. BMI, body fat measurement and albumin, lipid, iron and bone metabolism parameters, vitamins A, B1 B6 and B12, homocysteine, folic acid, and trace elements were measured. Laboratory values were analyzed descriptively. Differences between the groups were analyzed using the t-test in SPSS. For vitamin D, B1, B6 and iron a deficiency over time could be demonstrated with 50% of all patients or more being below normal range. The other laboratory values were in low normal range after 3 months and later. Significant differences between groups were found in cholesterol, HDL and selenium levels (corrected p-values < 0.033 in all cases). Vitamin D and iron should be supplemented postoperatively in the long term, and vitamin B1 and B6 substitution should be considered in symptomatic patients. Levels of malnutrition induced fatigue should be comparable between both groups. However, the role of nutritional status on other health-related aspects such as quality of life should be the focus of further studies.Trial Registration Number in the German Registry for Clinical Studies: DRKS00006786; Date of Registration: 01.10.2014.
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Association of Polymorphisms in Vitamin D-Metabolizing Enzymes DHCR7 and CYP2R1 with Cancer Susceptibility: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. DISEASE MARKERS 2021; 2021:6615001. [PMID: 34093899 PMCID: PMC8164542 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6615001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The deficiency of vitamin D has been reported to be relevant to cancer risk. DHCR7 and CYP2R1 are crucial components of vitamin D-metabolizing enzymes. Thus, accumulating researchers are concerned with the correlation between polymorphisms of DHCR7 and CYP2R1 genes and cancer susceptibility. Nevertheless, the conclusions of literatures are inconsistent. We conducted an integrated review for the correlation of DHCR7 and CYP2R1 SNPs with cancer susceptibility. In the meanwhile, a meta-analysis was performed using accessible data to clarify the association between DHCR7 and CYP2R1 SNPs and overall cancer risk. Literatures which meet the rigid inclusion and exclusion criteria were involved. The association of each SNP with cancer risk was calculated by odds ratios (ORs). 12 case-control designed studies covering 23780 cases and 27307 controls were ultimately evolved in the present meta-analysis of five SNPs (DHCR7 rs12785878 and rs1790349 SNP; CYP2R1 rs10741657, rs12794714, and rs2060793 SNP). We found that DHCR7 rs12785878 SNP was significantly related to cancer risk in the whole population, Caucasian subgroup, and hospital-based (HB) subgroup. DHCR7 rs1790349 SNP was analyzed to increase cancer risk in Caucasians. Moreover, CYP2R1 rs12794714-A allele had correlation with a lower risk of colorectal cancer. Our findings indicated that rs12785878, rs1790349, and rs12794714 SNPs might potentially be biomarkers for cancer susceptibility.
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8
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Mull B, Davis R, Munir I, Perez MC, Simental AA, Khan S. Differential expression of Vitamin D binding protein in thyroid cancer health disparities. Oncotarget 2021; 12:596-607. [PMID: 33868582 PMCID: PMC8021030 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer incidence, recurrence, and death rates are higher among Filipino Americans than European Americans. We propose that vitamin D binding protein (DBP) with multifunctionality with ethnic variability plays a key role within different ethnicities. In this study, we determined the correlation between differential DBP expression in tumor tissues and cancer staging in Filipino Americans versus European Americans. We assayed DBP expression by immunohistochemistry and analyzed the data with confocal microscopy on 200 thyroid cancer archival tissue samples obtained from both ethnicities. DBP-stable knockdown/gain-in-function assays were done by using DBP-shRNA/DBP-cDNA-expression in vitro. The majority of Filipino Americans presented with advanced tumor staging. In contrast, European Americans showed early staging and very few advanced tumors. A significantly low to no DBP staining was detected and correlated to the advanced staging in Filipino Americans. On the contrary, in the tumor tissues derived from European Americans, moderate to strong DBP staining was detected and correlated to early staging. When downregulation of the DBP gene in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) cell lines was observed, tumor proliferation and migration were enhanced. On the other hand, the upregulation of the DBP gene decreased cell proliferation and migration in PTC cells. In conclusion, we determined a differential expression of an essential biological molecule (DBP) is linked to cancer staging in thyroid cancer health disparities in two ethnicities. Loss-of-DBP/gain-in-DBP-function influenced tumor progression. A future study is underway to determine the DBP regulation and its downstream pathways to elucidate strategies to eliminate the observed thyroid cancer health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryan Davis
- Division of Biochemistry, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.,Center for Health Disparities & Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Iqbal Munir
- Riverside University Health System, Moreno Valley, CA 92555, USA
| | - Mia C Perez
- Department of Pathology & Human Anatomy, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Alfred A Simental
- Department of Otolaryngology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Salma Khan
- Division of Biochemistry, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.,Center for Health Disparities & Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
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Xiong Q, Jiao Y, Yang P, Liao Y, Gu X, Hu F, Chen B. The association study between CYP24A1 gene polymorphisms and risk of liver, lung and gastric cancer in a Chinese population. Pathol Res Pract 2020; 216:153237. [PMID: 33065483 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.153237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Recently, four single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs2585428, rs4809960, rs6022999 and rs6068816) in CYP24A1 gene were extensively studied for their associations with cancer risk. However, these studies included only a few types of cancer, which calls for further investigations. In view of this, we here conducted a case-control study to explore the associations between these four CYP24A1 gene polymorphisms and risk of liver, lung and gastric cancer in a Chinese population. A total of 480 liver cancer patients, 550 lung cancer patients, 460 gastric cancer patients and 800 normal controls were recruited in this study. The genotyping of CYP24A1 gene polymorphisms was applied with Sanger sequencing assay. Single-locus analysis demonstrated that rs6022999 was significantly associated with risk of liver and lung cancer, while rs6068816 was significantly associated with the risk of gastric cancer. Haplotype analysis revealed that haplotype GTAT was associated with an increased risk of liver cancer and a decreased risk of lung cancer, and haplotype ATGC was associated with a decreased risk of lung cancer. The further meta-analysis of rs6068816 and lung cancer risk showed that rs6068816 was not associated with lung cancer risk in Chinese population, which confirmed our present finding. Conclusively, rs6022999 may be a genetic biomarker for liver and lung cancer susceptibility in Chinese population, and rs6068816 may be used to predict gastric cancer risk in Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiantao Xiong
- Department of Laboratory, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuwei Jiao
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Puyu Yang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuxiao Liao
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiuli Gu
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Reproductive Genetics, Wuhan Tongji Reproductive Medicine Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Fuyan Hu
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Bifeng Chen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 1-Alpha-Hydroxylase ( CYP27B1) Gene: The Risk of Malignant Tumors and Other Chronic Diseases. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030801. [PMID: 32197412 PMCID: PMC7146376 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
: Vitamin D is widely known for its roles in the promotion of apoptosis and differentiation, with simultaneous inhibition of proliferation, inflammation, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. Modern literature lacks complete information on polymorphisms in CYP27B1, the only enzyme capable of vitamin D activation. This review presents gathered data that relate to genetic variants in CYP27B1 gene in correlation to multiple diseases, mostly concerning colorectal, prostate, breast, lung, and pancreatic cancers, as well as on other pathologies, such as non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, oral lichen planus, or multiple sclerosis.
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11
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Kong J, Chen X, Wang J, Li J, Xu F, Gao S, Yu H, Qian B. Genetic Polymorphisms in the Vitamin D Pathway and Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Survival. Pathol Oncol Res 2019; 26:1709-1715. [PMID: 31625015 PMCID: PMC7297819 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-019-00702-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Various genetic polymorphisms have been linked to lung cancer susceptibility and survival outcomes. Vitamin D (VD) regulates cell proliferation and differentiation, inhibits tumor growth and induces apoptosis. Observations from several previous studies including our own suggest that genetic polymorphisms in the VD pathway may be associated with lung cancer risk. The aim of this study is to assess if genetic polymorphisms in the VD pathway are associated with the prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in five genes in the VD pathway were genotyped with the TaqMan assays in 542 patients with primary NSCLC, and the relationships between these SNPs and overall survival were evaluated. We found that SNP rs10741657 in the CYP2R1 gene was associated with the prognosis of NSCLC, especially in elderly patients and not being treated with chemotherapy. Some of the VD pathway-related genetic polymorphisms may influence the prognosis of NSCLC. More research is needed to further confirm the finding and test if VD supplements can be used for NSCLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Kong
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics; Cancer Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China.,Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Biostatistics, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital and Faculty of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 227 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xiaojie Chen
- Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, Henan, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Image Diagnoses, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Jingxin Li
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Biostatistics, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Fangxiu Xu
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Biostatistics, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Shegan Gao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics; Cancer Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Herbert Yu
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Biyun Qian
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital and Faculty of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 227 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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Cai H, Jing C, Chang X, Ding D, Han T, Yang J, Lu Z, Hu X, Liu Z, Wang J, Shang L, Wu S, Meng P, Lin L, Zhao J, Nie M, Yin K. Mutational landscape of gastric cancer and clinical application of genomic profiling based on target next-generation sequencing. J Transl Med 2019; 17:189. [PMID: 31164161 PMCID: PMC6549266 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-1941-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer (GC) is a leading cause of cancer deaths, and an increased number of GC patients adopt to next-generation sequencing (NGS) to identify tumor genomic alterations for precision medicine. Methods In this study, we established a hybridization capture-based NGS panel including 612 cancer-associated genes, and collected sequencing data of tumors and matched bloods from 153 gastric cancer patients. We performed comprehensive analysis of these sequencing and clinical data. Results 35 significantly mutated genes were identified such as TP53, AKAP9, DRD2, PTEN, CDH1, LRP2 et al. Among them, 29 genes were novel significantly mutated genes compared with TCGA study. TP53 is the top frequently mutated gene, and tends to mutate in male (p = 0.025) patients and patients whose tumor located in cardia (p = 0.011). High tumor mutation burden (TMB) gathered in TP53 wild-type tumors (p = 0.045). TMB was also significantly associated with DNA damage repair (DDR) genes genotype (p = 0.047), Lauren classification (p = 1.5e−5), differentiation (1.9e−7), and HER2 status (p = 0.023). 38.31% of gastric cancer patients harbored at least one actionable alteration according to OncoKB database. Conclusions We drew a comprehensive mutational landscape of 153 gastric tumors and demonstrated utility of target next-generation sequencing to guide clinical management. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12967-019-1941-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Cai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Changqing Jing
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Xusheng Chang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Dan Ding
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Ting Han
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Junchi Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zhengmao Lu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xuguang Hu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zhaorui Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jinshen Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Liang Shang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Shouxin Wu
- Zhangjiang Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Biotecan Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., 180 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201204, China.,Shanghai Zhangjiang Institute of Medical Innovation, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Peng Meng
- Zhangjiang Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Biotecan Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., 180 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201204, China.,Shanghai Zhangjiang Institute of Medical Innovation, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Ling Lin
- Zhangjiang Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Biotecan Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., 180 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201204, China.,Shanghai Zhangjiang Institute of Medical Innovation, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Jiangman Zhao
- Zhangjiang Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Biotecan Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., 180 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201204, China. .,Shanghai Zhangjiang Institute of Medical Innovation, Shanghai, 201204, China.
| | - Mingming Nie
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Kai Yin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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13
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Lips P, Cashman KD, Lamberg-Allardt C, Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Obermayer-Pietsch B, Bianchi ML, Stepan J, El-Hajj Fuleihan G, Bouillon R. Current vitamin D status in European and Middle East countries and strategies to prevent vitamin D deficiency: a position statement of the European Calcified Tissue Society. Eur J Endocrinol 2019; 180:P23-P54. [PMID: 30721133 DOI: 10.1530/eje-18-0736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 369] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) <50 nmol/L or 20 ng/mL) is common in Europe and the Middle East. It occurs in <20% of the population in Northern Europe, in 30-60% in Western, Southern and Eastern Europe and up to 80% in Middle East countries. Severe deficiency (serum 25(OH)D <30 nmol/L or 12 ng/mL) is found in >10% of Europeans. The European Calcified Tissue Society (ECTS) advises that the measurement of serum 25(OH)D be standardized, for example, by the Vitamin D Standardization Program. Risk groups include young children, adolescents, pregnant women, older people (especially the institutionalized) and non-Western immigrants. Consequences of vitamin D deficiency include mineralization defects and lower bone mineral density causing fractures. Extra-skeletal consequences may be muscle weakness, falls and acute respiratory infection, and are the subject of large ongoing clinical trials. The ECTS advises to improve vitamin D status by food fortification and the use of vitamin D supplements in risk groups. Fortification of foods by adding vitamin D to dairy products, bread and cereals can improve the vitamin D status of the whole population, but quality assurance monitoring is needed to prevent intoxication. Specific risk groups such as infants and children up to 3 years, pregnant women, older persons and non-Western immigrants should routinely receive vitamin D supplements. Future research should include genetic studies to better define individual vulnerability for vitamin D deficiency, and Mendelian randomization studies to address the effect of vitamin D deficiency on long-term non-skeletal outcomes such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Lips
- Endocrine Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, VUMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kevin D Cashman
- Cork Centre for Vitamin D and Nutrition Research, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Christel Lamberg-Allardt
- Calcium Research Unit, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Jan Stepan
- Institute of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ghada El-Hajj Fuleihan
- Calcium Metabolism and Osteoporosis Program, WHO Collaborating Center for Metabolic Bone Disorders, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Roger Bouillon
- Clinic and Laboratory of Endocrinology, Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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14
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Qu R, Li X, Quan X, Xia L, Fang X, Li H, Zhou B. Polymorphism in CYP24A1 Is Associated with Lung Cancer Risk: A Case-Control Study in Chinese Female Nonsmokers. DNA Cell Biol 2019; 38:243-249. [PMID: 30724597 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2018.4510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CYP24A1 plays important roles in antiproliferative effects, which have been proved in many human tumor cells. Polymorphisms in CYP24A1 may affect the risk of lung cancer, but the results remained inconclusive. To enhance the understanding of possible relationship between CYP24A1 polymorphism rs6068816 and lung cancer risks, we first carried out this case-control study among Chinese female nonsmokers, including 345 lung cancer patients and 351 noncancer controls. Our results revealed that individuals carrying CT and CC genotype were associated with decreasing lung cancer risk (adjusted odds ratios were 0.71 and 0.59, and 95% confidence intervals were 0.52-0.97 and 0.35-0.99, p-values were 0.031 and 0.048, respectively). Patients carrying allele-T showed lower hazard risks, especially in adenocarcinoma and advanced stage cancers. We also found that subjects with allele-T showed a relatively low risk of lung cancer when they were exposed to oil fume. But neither additive scale nor multiplicative scale revealed interactions between allele-T and environmental exposures, including oil fume, coal fuel fume, and passive smoking. Overall, these findings indicated that CYP24A1 polymorphism rs6068816 could be significantly associated with susceptibility of lung cancer in Chinese female nonsmokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyi Qu
- 1 Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China.,2 Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Intervention, University of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Xuelian Li
- 1 Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China.,2 Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Intervention, University of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Xiaowei Quan
- 1 Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China.,2 Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Intervention, University of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Lingzi Xia
- 1 Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China.,2 Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Intervention, University of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Xue Fang
- 1 Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China.,2 Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Intervention, University of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Hang Li
- 1 Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China.,2 Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Intervention, University of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Baosen Zhou
- 1 Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China.,2 Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Intervention, University of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, P.R. China
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15
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Huang H, Li T, Liao D, Zhu Z, Dong Y. Quantitative assessment of the clinical susceptibility of calcium-sensing receptor polymorphisms in cancer patients. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:755-763. [PMID: 29695932 PMCID: PMC5903842 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s147751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accumulating evidence has suggested a relationship between calcium-sensing receptor (CASR) polymorphisms and cancer risk in different types of cancer; however, the findings from epidemiologic studies have been conflicting. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to assess the clinical susceptibility of CASR polymorphisms in cancer patients. Materials and methods This study systematically searched MEDLINE and EMBASE databases for eligible articles through March 2017. The strength of association was expressed as odds ratio and 95% CI. Publication bias, heterogeneity, sensitivity analysis, and subgroup analyses were also examined. Results Fourteen related case–control studies were finally identified to be included in the present analysis. The pooled result showed that no significant associations were found among CASR rs1801725, rs1042636, rs12485716, rs4678174, rs1801726, rs17251221, rs10934578, and rs2270916 polymorphisms and cancer risk under all genetic models (P>0.05). The relationship between CASR rs1801725 polymorphism and risk of cancer was consistent in the subgroup analyses, and robust in sensitivity analysis. No publication bias was presented in our pooled-analysis. Conclusion The current evidence for our pooled analysis suggests that the CASR polymorphisms are not associated with an increased risk of cancer. Further larger studies are still necessary to warrant and validate the findings in the current meta-analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haohai Huang
- Department of Science and Education, Dongguan Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Dongguan Shilong People's Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, People's Hospital of Gaozhou, Gaozhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dan Liao
- Department of Gynaecology & Obstetrics, Dongguan Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Dongguan Shilong People's Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China.,China-American Cancer Research Institute, Dongguan Scientific Research Center, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhu Zhu
- China-American Cancer Research Institute, Dongguan Scientific Research Center, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Dong
- Department of Cancer Center, Dongguan Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Dongguan Shilong People's Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
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16
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Mondul AM, Weinstein SJ, Layne TM, Albanes D. Vitamin D and Cancer Risk and Mortality: State of the Science, Gaps, and Challenges. Epidemiol Rev 2018; 39:28-48. [PMID: 28486651 DOI: 10.1093/epirev/mxx005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been substantial enthusiasm recently regarding the potential role of vitamin D in the primary and secondary prevention of cancer. Laboratory studies demonstrate a range of anticarcinogenic effects for vitamin D compounds, but human studies have yielded little consistent evidence supporting a protective association. Higher circulating levels of vitamin D (i.e., 25-hydroxyvitamin D or 25(OH)D) appear to be associated with reduced risk of colorectal and bladder malignancies, but higher risk of prostate and possibly pancreatic cancers, with no clear association for most other organ sites examined. Despite there being no official institutional recommendations regarding the use of vitamin D supplements for cancer prevention, screenings for vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D supplement use have increased substantially over the past decade. These widespread practices demonstrate that population sociobehavioral changes are often adopted before scientifically well-informed policies and recommendations are available. This review critically examines the currently available epidemiologic literature regarding the associations between circulating 25(OH)D, vitamin D supplementation, and vitamin D-related genetic variation and cancer risk and mortality, with a particular emphasis on prospective studies. We identify several important gaps in our scientific knowledge that should be addressed in order to provide sufficient reproducible data to inform evidence-based recommendations related to optimal 25(OH)D concentrations (and any role for vitamin D supplementation) for the primary and secondary prevention of cancer. With few exceptions, such recommendations cannot be made at this time.
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17
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Türkanoğlu Özçelik A, Öner T, Can Demirdöğen B, Bek VS, Demirkaya Ş, Adalı O. Genetic polymorphisms of vitamin D3 metabolizing CYP24A1 and CYP2R1 enzymes in Turkish patients with ischemic stroke. Neurol Res 2018. [PMID: 29528271 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2018.1446281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective Vitamin D deficiency is known as an important risk factor in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, which contributes to stroke development. Genetic variations including single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in enzymes involved in vitamin D metabolism can affect susceptibility to the development of stroke. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the association between polymorphisms of vitamin D metabolizing enzymes (rs927650 SNP in CYP24A1, and rs10741657 SNP in CYP2R1 genes,) and ischemic stroke risk in Turkish population. Materials and methods To test this hypothesis, we designed a case-control study which consisted of 256 ischemic stroke patients and 132 controls. Genotypes were determined by PCR-RFLP technique. Results No significant differences were found between patients and controls in terms of CYP24A1 rs927650 and CYP2R1 rs10741657 genotype frequencies. Polymorphic allele frequencies of CYP24A1 rs927650 and CYP2R1 rs10741657 were 0.414 and 0.660 in stroke patients, respectively. Conclusion This is the first study conducted regarding the association of CYP24A1 rs927650 and CYP2R1 rs10741657 genetic polymorphisms and ischemic stroke risk. The polymorphic genotypes of these polymorphisms, together with hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and obesity, were found as significant risk factors for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tuğçe Öner
- b Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics , Joint Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Middle East Technical University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Birsen Can Demirdöğen
- c Department of Biomedical Engineering , TOBB University of Economics and Technology , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Vedat Semai Bek
- d Department of Neurology , Gülhane Training and Research Hospital, Health Sciences University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Şeref Demirkaya
- d Department of Neurology , Gülhane Training and Research Hospital, Health Sciences University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Orhan Adalı
- b Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics , Joint Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Middle East Technical University , Ankara , Turkey
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18
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Jiang J, He M, Hu X, Ni C, Yang L. Deep sequencing reveals the molecular pathology characteristics between primary uterine leiomyoma and pulmonary benign metastasizing leiomyoma. Clin Transl Oncol 2018; 20:1080-1086. [PMID: 29484624 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-018-1847-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pulmonary benign metastasizing leiomyoma (PBML), a rare condition of smooth muscle tumor, originates from women with a history of uterine leiomyoma (LM). Numerous genetic studies of uterine LM have been reported; however, there are few cytogenetic and molecular descriptions of PBML. Therefore, molecular subtyping is necessary to understand the pathogenesis of metastasizing sites. METHODS Driver gene exon-capture sequencing was performed on one patient's peripheral blood, paraffin samples from primary uterine LM, and lung metastasizing leiomyoma 8 years later. RESULTS The results showed that the same missense mutations of BLMH, LRP2, MED12, SMAD2, and UGT1A8 were concurrently mutated in the primary uterine LM and the PBML. Moreover, a splice mutation of PTEN (c.492+1G>A) was uniquely identified in the lung metastasis of the patient. CONCLUSION This study indicates that the metastatic lung lesions were derived from the same malignant cell clone of uterine LMs and later acquired the novel driver mutations in the evolution of the tumor. In addition, driver gene sequencing can discriminate somatic driver mutations as biological indicators of potential malignant leiomyoma and can identify pathogenic variation driver mutations, which could be used for individualized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jiang
- Department of Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - M He
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - X Hu
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Shang Tang Road 158, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - C Ni
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Shang Tang Road 158, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - L Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Shang Tang Road 158, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Zhu M, Qiu S, Zhang X, Wang Y, Souraka TDM, Wen X, Liang C, Tu J. The associations between CYP24A1 polymorphisms and cancer susceptibility: A meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis. Pathol Res Pract 2017; 214:53-63. [PMID: 29254801 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2017.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Published data have shown that vitamin D may have a protective effect on cancer development. CYP24A1, the main enzyme responsible for the degradation of active vitamin D, plays an important role in many cancer related cellular processes. Up to now, relationships between CYP24A1 polymorphisms and cancer susceptibility have been widely investigated, whereas the results are inconsistent. The aim of present meta-analysis was to explore the associations between CYP24A1 polymorphisms and cancer susceptibility. METHODS We searched on EMBASE, Web of Science, PubMed and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) electronic databases (up to July 1, 2017) for relevant studies. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to make the evaluation clear. RESULTS Twenty-nine studies published in eight publications involving 20,593 cases and 25,458 controls were included. Five CYP24A1 gene polymorphisms were evaluated: rs2181874, rs2585428, rs4809960, rs6022999, and rs6068816. Our analyses suggested that rs2585428 and rs4809960 polymorphisms were significantly associated with overall cancer risk. Stratification analyses of ethnicity indicated that rs2585428 and rs4809960 polymorphisms decreased the risk of cancer among Caucasians. When studies were stratified by cancer type, our results indicated that rs2585428 significantly decreased the risk of pancreas cancer, while rs4809960 significantly decreased the risk of breast cancer. There were no associations of rs2181874, rs6022999, or rs6068816 with overall cancer risks. CONCLUSION Associations between CYP24A1 polymorphisms and cancer risks were examined, and additional multi-center studies with large samples are necessary to validate our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine and Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, PR China
| | - Shili Qiu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine and Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, PR China
| | - Xianwei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine and Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, PR China
| | - Yingchao Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine and Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, PR China
| | - Tapara D M Souraka
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine and Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, PR China
| | - Xue Wen
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, PR China
| | - Chunzi Liang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine and Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, PR China.
| | - Jiancheng Tu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine and Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, PR China.
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20
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Segedi M, Anderson LN, Espin-Garcia O, Borgida A, Bianco T, Cheng D, Chen Z, Patel D, Brown MC, Xu W, Reisman D, Gallinger S, Cotterchio M, Hung R, Liu G, Cleary SP. BRM polymorphisms, pancreatic cancer risk and survival. Int J Cancer 2016; 139:2474-81. [PMID: 27487558 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Variant alleles of two promoter polymorphisms in the BRM gene (BRM-741, BRM-1321), create MEF2D transcription binding sites that lead to epigenetic silencing of BRM, the key catalytic component of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex. BRM suppression can be reversed pharmacologically.(1) Our group and others have reported associations with lung, head and neck, hepatocellular cancer risk,(1-3) and with lung and esophageal cancer prognosis (ASCO 2013; abstract 11057 & 4077). Herein, we assessed risk and survival associations with pancreatic cancer. A provincial population-based case-control study was conducted with 623 histologically confirmed pancreatic adenocarcinoma cases and 1,192 age/gender distribution-matched controls.(4) Survival of cases was obtained through the Ontario Cancer Registry. Logistic and Cox proportional hazard regression models were fitted, adjusting for relevant covariates. Median age was 65 y; 52% were male; Stage I (8%), II (55%), III (14%), IV (23%); 53% after curative resection, 79% after chemotherapy; and 83% had died. In the risk analysis, adjusted odds ratios (aOR) were 1.01 (95% CI: 0.1-2.0) and 0.96 (95% CI: 0.7-1.3) for the homozygotes of BRM-741 and BRM-1321, respectively; aOR of double-homozygotes was 1.11 (95% CI: 0.80-1.53), compared to the double-wildtype. For the survival analysis, adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) were 2.19 (95% CI: 1.9-2.5) for BRM-741 and 1.94 (95% CI: 1.7-2.2) for BRM-1321, per unit increase in variant alleles. Compared with the double-wildtype, aHR for carrying no, one, and two double-homozygotes were 2.14 (95% CI: 1.6-2.8), 4.17 (95% CI: 3.0-5.7), 8.03 (95% CI: 5.7-11.4), respectively. In conclusion, two functional promoter BRM polymorphisms were not associated with pancreatic adenocarcinoma risk, but are strongly associated with survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Segedi
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Princess Margaret Cancer Centre-University Health Network-Ontario Cancer Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Laura N Anderson
- Mount Sinai Hospital-Lunenfeld Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Osvaldo Espin-Garcia
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre-University Health Network-Ontario Cancer Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ayelet Borgida
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre-University Health Network-Ontario Cancer Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Mount Sinai Hospital-Lunenfeld Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Teresa Bianco
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre-University Health Network-Ontario Cancer Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Mount Sinai Hospital-Lunenfeld Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dangxiao Cheng
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre-University Health Network-Ontario Cancer Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre-University Health Network-Ontario Cancer Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Devalben Patel
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre-University Health Network-Ontario Cancer Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M Catherine Brown
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre-University Health Network-Ontario Cancer Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Wei Xu
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre-University Health Network-Ontario Cancer Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David Reisman
- Medical Oncology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Steven Gallinger
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre-University Health Network-Ontario Cancer Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Mount Sinai Hospital-Lunenfeld Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Rayjean Hung
- Mount Sinai Hospital-Lunenfeld Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Geoffrey Liu
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre-University Health Network-Ontario Cancer Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Sean P Cleary
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre-University Health Network-Ontario Cancer Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Mount Sinai Hospital-Lunenfeld Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
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21
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Abstract
Vitamin D, also known as cholecalciferol, is the precursor to the active steroid hormone 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol; 1, 25(OH)2D3). The main physiological role for 1, 25(OH)2D3 is to regulate calcium and inorganic phosphate homeostasis for bone health. More recently, vitamin D has been investigated for its effects in the prevention and treatment of a variety of diseases such as cancer, autoimmune disorders, and cardiovascular disease. Preclinical data strongly support a role for vitamin D in the prevention of cancer through its anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, and anti-angiogenic effects on cells. Epidemiologic and clinical studies have shown mixed data on the correlation between serum vitamin D levels and cancer risk. This report seeks to outline results from the most recent preclinical and clinical studies investigating the potential role of vitamin D in cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Ness
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Duane D Miller
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
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22
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McGovern EM, Lewis ME, Niesley ML, Huynh N, Hoag JB. Retrospective analysis of the influence of 25-hydroxyvitamin D on disease progression and survival in pancreatic cancer. Nutr J 2016; 15:17. [PMID: 26867933 PMCID: PMC4751746 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-016-0135-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Vitamin D deficiency is implicated in neoplastic processes in multiple organs, including the pancreas. While animal and human data have established a relationship between serum vitamin D (25(OH)D) and the development of pancreatic cancer, few studies have examined the effects of 25(OH)D on time to progression (TTP) and overall survival (OS) in this patient population. We hypothesize that lower baseline serum concentrations (BSC) of 25(OH)D will be associated with decreased TTP and OS. Methods This retrospective analysis of 1222 patients with pancreatic cancer aims to identify potential relationships between 25(OH)D and both TTP and OS, while controlling for the effects of ethnicity and body mass index (BMI). Baseline 25(OH)D was divided into quartiles defined as deficient (<20 ng/mL), insufficient (20–39 ng/mL), sufficient (40–59 ng/mL), and optimal (≥60 ng/ml). Statistical significance was declared if the two-sided p-value was ≤ 0.05. Results For the 627 subjects included for analysis, the median 25(OH)D was 27 ng/mL (range 4 to 114), 30.0 % were 25(OH)D deficient (<20 ng/mL), and 47.2 % were insufficient (20–39 ng/mL). Ethnicity (p < 0.0001) and BMI (p = 0.05) were significantly associated with (BSC)of 25(OH)D, while TTP (p = 0.39) and OS (p = 0.37) were not associated. Conclusion Suboptimal vitamin D levels (<60 ng/mL) occurred in 96 % of patients analyzed. Both ethnicity and BMI were statistically significantly associated with vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency. Similar to results previously reported in the literature, this analysis did not identify a significant association between BSC of 25(OH)D and OS or TTP in patients with pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica M McGovern
- Department of Clinical Research, Cancer Treatment Centers of America® at Eastern Regional Medical Center, 1331 E. Wyoming Ave, Philadelphia, PA, 19124, USA
| | - Mark E Lewis
- Department of Clinical Research, Cancer Treatment Centers of America® at Eastern Regional Medical Center, 1331 E. Wyoming Ave, Philadelphia, PA, 19124, USA.
| | - Michelle L Niesley
- Department of Clinical Research, Cancer Treatment Centers of America® at Eastern Regional Medical Center, 1331 E. Wyoming Ave, Philadelphia, PA, 19124, USA
| | - Nhu Huynh
- Department of Nutrition, Cancer Treatment Centers of America® at Eastern Regional Medical Center, 1331 E. Wyoming Ave, Philadelphia, PA, 19124, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Hoag
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Cancer Treatment Centers of America® at Eastern Regional Medical Center, 1331 E. Wyoming Ave, Philadelphia, PA, 19124, USA
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Jeong S, Kim JH, Kim MG, Han N, Kim IW, Kim T, Oh JM. Genetic polymorphisms of CASR and cancer risk: evidence from meta-analysis and HuGE review. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:655-69. [PMID: 26929638 PMCID: PMC4755434 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s97602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background CASR gene appears to be involved in cancer biology and physiology. However, a number of studies investigating CASR polymorphisms and cancer risks have presented inconclusive results. Thus, a systematic review and a meta-analysis of the effect of CASR polymorphisms on several cancer risks were performed to suggest a statistical evidence for the association of CASR polymorphisms with cancer risks. Methods MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, and the HuGE databases were searched. Nineteen articles of case–control and cohort studies were included for the final analysis. Results The colorectal cancer risk was reduced in proximal (odds ratio [OR] =0.679, P=0.001) and distal (OR =0.753, P=0.026) colon sites with GG genotype of CASR rs1042636 and increased in distal colon site (OR =1.418, P=0.039) with GG genotype of rs1801726 by additive genetic model. The rs17251221 demonstrated noticeable associations that carrying a homozygote variant increases breast and prostate cancer risk considerably. Conclusion The significant association of CASR polymorphisms with several cancer risks was observed in this review. In particular, the act of CASR polymorphisms as a tumor suppressor or an oncogene differs by cancer site and can be the research target for tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohyun Jeong
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Hyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Myeong Gyu Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Nayoung Han
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - In-Wha Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Therasa Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Mi Oh
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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24
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Barreto SG, Neale RE. Vitamin D and pancreatic cancer. Cancer Lett 2015; 368:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Davis-Yadley AH, Malafa MP. Vitamins in pancreatic cancer: a review of underlying mechanisms and future applications. Adv Nutr 2015; 6:774-802. [PMID: 26567201 PMCID: PMC4642423 DOI: 10.3945/an.115.009456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although there is increasing evidence that vitamins influence pancreatic adenocarcinoma biology and carcinogenesis, a comprehensive review is lacking. In this study, we performed a PubMed literature search to review the anticancer mechanisms and the preclinical and clinical studies that support the development of the bioactive vitamins A, C, D, E, and K in pancreatic cancer intervention. Preclinical studies have shown promising results for vitamin A in pancreatic cancer prevention, with clinical trials showing intriguing responses in combination with immunotherapy. For vitamin C, preclinical studies have shown slower tumor growth rates and/or increased survival when used alone or in combination with gemcitabine, with clinical trials with this combination revealing decreased primary tumor sizes and improved performance status. Preclinical studies with vitamin D analogues have shown potent antiproliferative effects and repression of migration and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells, with a clinical trial showing increased time to progression when calciferol was added to docetaxel. For vitamin E, preclinical studies have shown that δ-tocotrienol and γ-tocotrienol inhibited tumor cell growth and survival and augmented gemcitabine activity. Early-phase clinical trials with δ-tocotrienol are ongoing. Vitamin K demonstrates activation of apoptosis and inhibition of cellular growth in pancreatic tumor cells; however, there are no clinical studies available for further evaluation. Although preclinical and clinical studies are encouraging, randomized controlled trials with endpoints based on insights gained from mechanistic and preclinical studies and early-phase clinical trials are required to determine the efficacy of bioactive vitamin interventions in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley H Davis-Yadley
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL; and Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL
| | - Mokenge P Malafa
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL
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Pezzilli R, Melzi d'Eril GV, Barassi A. Markers of Bone Metabolism in Patients With Chronic Pancreatitis and Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e1754. [PMID: 26496293 PMCID: PMC4620801 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000001754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
There are no studies comparing some of the most important markers, such as vitamin D, parathormone, osteocalcin, bone alkaline phosphatase, and calcium, in patients with chronic benign and malignant pancreatic diseases. Our objective was to comparatively evaluate serum markers of bone metabolism in patients with chronic pancreatitis and in those with ductal pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Sixty-three consecutive subjects were studied: 30 patients with a firm diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis and 33 having histologically confirmed pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, bone alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, parathormone, and calcium were determined using commercially available kits. Taking into consideration the clinical variables of all 63 patients studied, 25-hydroxyvitamin D was inversely correlated with only the body mass index (P = 0.007), whereas it was not correlated with age (P = 0.583) or fecal elastase-1 concentrations (P = 0.556). Regarding the other substances studied, parathormone was positively correlated with only the age of the patients (P = 0.015). Of the 5 substances studied, only bone alkaline phosphates were significantly different (P < 0.001) between patients with chronic pancreatitis and those with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Within the 2 groups of patients, the 23 patients with chronic pancreatitis without diabetes mellitus had serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D significantly lower (P = 0.045) than those with chronic pancreatitis having diabetes mellitus, whereas smokers with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma had serum concentrations of calcium significantly higher (P < 0.001) as compared to nonsmokers. Altered bone metabolism seems to be associated with chronic diseases of the pancreas; however, the mechanism should be better elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Pezzilli
- From the Pancreas Unit, Department of Digestive System, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy (RP); and Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy Bologna, Italy (ME, AB)
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Tagliabue E, Raimondi S, Gandini S. Meta-analysis of vitamin D-binding protein and cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2015; 24:1758-65. [PMID: 26364161 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-15-0262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiologic evidence supported a role for vitamin D and vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms in cancer risk. Beyond VDR, the biologic effects of vitamin D are mediated by the vitamin D-binding protein (DBP), a key protein in vitamin D metabolism. Furthermore, the gene encoding the DBP (GC, group-specific component) has an important role in the vitamin D pathway. Several studies investigated DBP serologic levels and GC polymorphisms in association with cancer risk with controversial results. Thus, we carried out a meta-analysis to investigate these associations. METHODS We included 28 independent studies concerning the following tumors: basal cell carcinoma, bladder, breast, colon-rectum, endometrium, liver, esophagus, stomach, melanoma, pancreas, prostate, and kidney. Through random-effect models, we calculated the summary odds ratios (SOR) for serum DBP and the GC polymorphisms rs2282679, rs12512631, rs7041, rs4588, rs17467825, rs1155563, and rs1352844. RESULTS We found a borderline decrease in cancer risk for subjects with high compared with low levels of DBP [SOR, 0.75; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.56-1.00]. Dose-response meta-analysis indicates a nonsignificant decrease risk for an increase of 1,000 nmol/L of DBP (SOR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.91-1.01). We found no significant alterations in cancer risk for subjects carrying any of the studied GC polymorphisms compared with wild-type subjects both in the main analysis and in analyses stratified by cancer type and ethnicity. CONCLUSIONS We found trends toward significance, suggesting a role of DBP in cancer etiology, which should be confirmed in further studies. IMPACT To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate GC polymorphisms and DBP serologic levels in association with any type of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Tagliabue
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Raimondi
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Gandini
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy.
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Tagliabue E, Raimondi S, Gandini S. Vitamin D, Cancer Risk, and Mortality. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2015; 75:1-52. [PMID: 26319903 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Antiproliferative effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, the biologically active form of vitamin D, are well established in various cell types by influencing cell differentiation and decreasing cell proliferation, growth, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Several meta-analyses showed that low serum levels of 25(OH)D was associated with colorectal cancer and overall mortality, while the association with cancer mortality was less consistent. VDR is a crucial mediator for the cellular effects of vitamin D and conflicting data have been reported for most malignancies. Beyond VDR, the biological effects of vitamin D are mediated by the vitamin D-binding protein. The GC (group-specific component) gene, encoding DBP, is highly polymorphic and several polymorphisms were investigated in association with cancer development with controversial results. Vitamin D supplementation was found to be associated with a reduced risk of overall mortality, reviewing all published trials on healthy subjects, whereas the evidence of an effect on cancer risk and mortality is less clear. Furthermore, long-term health effects of high doses of vitamin D, extended duration of supplementation, and the association with different baseline vitamin D levels remain to be investigated. In summary, epidemiological and preclinical studies support the development of vitamin D as preventative and therapeutic anticancer agents, with significant associations especially found for low vitamin D status with overall mortality and cancer outcome, more than cancer incidence. However, a definitive conclusion cannot be drawn and only large randomized clinical trials, both in healthy subjects and in cancer patients, will allow to draw definitive conclusions on the effect of vitamin D supplementation on cancer risk, prognosis, and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Tagliabue
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Raimondi
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Gandini
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy.
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29
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Wang P, Zhang H, Zhang Z, Qin L, Li B. Association of the CYP24A1-rs2296241 polymorphism of the vitamin D catabolism enzyme with hormone-related cancer risk: a meta-analysis. Onco Targets Ther 2015; 8:1175-83. [PMID: 26045671 PMCID: PMC4447172 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s80311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The evidence for vitamin D reducing cancer risk is inconsistent, and it is not clear whether this reduction is related to variation in cytochrome P450 (CYP)24A1, the only enzyme known to degrade active vitamin D. We focused on evaluating the association of CYP24A1-rs2296241 polymorphism with hormone-related cancer risk by conducting a meta-analysis. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted in April 2014 (updated in December 2014) to identify eligible studies. A random-effects model was used to pool the odds ratio (OR). RESULTS Eleven studies including 5,145 cases and 5,136 controls were considered for the allelic model, and eight studies of 3,959 cases and 3,560 controls were utilized for the additive, recessive, and dominant models. There was no significant association between CYP24A1-rs2296241 and hormone-related cancer risk in any of the models, yet substantial heterogeneity was observed. Subgroup analyses indicated that CYP24A1-rs2296241 variation reduced the prostate cancer risk in the additive (OR 0.91, 95% confidence interval 0.85-0.97) and recessive (OR 0.80, 95% confidence interval 0.67-0.95) models, with no evidence of heterogeneity. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis indicated that CYP24A1-rs2296241 polymorphism reduced the androgen-related prostate cancer risk in additive and recessive models. More genetic loci are needed to confirm the effect of CYP24A1 variation on the risk of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hemei Zhang
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zengli Zhang
- Department of Labor Hygiene and Environmental Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liqiang Qin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bingyan Li
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
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30
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Arem H, Yu K, Xiong X, Moy K, Freedman ND, Mayne ST, Albanes D, Arslan AA, Austin M, Bamlet WR, Beane-Freeman L, Bracci P, Canzian F, Cotterchio M, Duell EJ, Gallinger S, Giles GG, Goggins M, Goodman PJ, Hartge P, Hassan M, Helzlsouer K, Henderson B, Holly EA, Hoover R, Jacobs EJ, Kamineni A, Klein A, Klein E, Kolonel LN, Li D, Malats N, Männistö S, McCullough ML, Olson SH, Orlow I, Peters U, Petersen GM, Porta M, Severi G, Shu XO, Visvanathan K, White E, Yu H, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, Zheng W, Tobias GS, Maeder D, Brotzman M, Risch H, Sampson JN, Stolzenberg-Solomon RZ. Vitamin D metabolic pathway genes and pancreatic cancer risk. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117574. [PMID: 25799011 PMCID: PMC4370655 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence on the association between vitamin D status and pancreatic cancer risk is inconsistent. This inconsistency may be partially attributable to variation in vitamin D regulating genes. We selected 11 vitamin D-related genes (GC, DHCR7, CYP2R1, VDR, CYP27B1, CYP24A1, CYP27A1, RXRA, CRP2, CASR and CUBN) totaling 213 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and examined associations with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Our study included 3,583 pancreatic cancer cases and 7,053 controls from the genome-wide association studies of pancreatic cancer PanScans-I-III. We used the Adaptive Joint Test and the Adaptive Rank Truncated Product statistic for pathway and gene analyses, and unconditional logistic regression for SNP analyses, adjusting for age, sex, study and population stratification. We examined effect modification by circulating vitamin D concentration (≤50, >50 nmol/L) for the most significant SNPs using a subset of cohort cases (n = 713) and controls (n = 878). The vitamin D metabolic pathway was not associated with pancreatic cancer risk (p = 0.830). Of the individual genes, none were associated with pancreatic cancer risk at a significance level of p<0.05. SNPs near the VDR (rs2239186), LRP2 (rs4668123), CYP24A1 (rs2762932), GC (rs2282679), and CUBN (rs1810205) genes were the top SNPs associated with pancreatic cancer (p-values 0.008-0.037), but none were statistically significant after adjusting for multiple comparisons. Associations between these SNPs and pancreatic cancer were not modified by circulating concentrations of vitamin D. These findings do not support an association between vitamin D-related genes and pancreatic cancer risk. Future research should explore other pathways through which vitamin D status might be associated with pancreatic cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Arem
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kai Yu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Xiaoqin Xiong
- Information Management Systems, Inc., Calverton, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kristin Moy
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Neal D. Freedman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Susan T. Mayne
- Yale School of Public Health/Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Alan A. Arslan
- Departments of Population Health, Obstetrics and Gynecology (Obs/Gyn) and Environmental Medicine, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Melissa Austin
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - William R. Bamlet
- Department of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Laura Beane-Freeman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Paige Bracci
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Federico Canzian
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michelle Cotterchio
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; Prevention and Cancer Control, Cancer Care Ontario Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eric J. Duell
- Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Steve Gallinger
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Graham G. Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria and Centre for MEGA Epidemiology, School of Population Health, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael Goggins
- Departments of Oncology, Pathology and Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Phyllis J. Goodman
- Cleveland Clinic, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Patricia Hartge
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Manal Hassan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | | | - Brian Henderson
- Department of Preventative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth A. Holly
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Robert Hoover
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Eric J. Jacobs
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Aruna Kamineni
- GroupHealth Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Alison Klein
- MD Mercy, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Eric Klein
- Cleveland Clinic, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | | | - Donghui Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Núria Malats
- Molecular Pathology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Center, Madrid, Spain
| | - Satu Männistö
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marjorie L. McCullough
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Sara H. Olson
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Irene Orlow
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Cleveland Clinic, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Gloria M. Petersen
- Department of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Miquel Porta
- Hospital del Mar Institute of Medical Research (IMIM), and School of Medicine, Barcelona Spain
| | - Gianluca Severi
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria and Centre for MEGA Epidemiology, School of Population Health, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | | | - Emily White
- Cleveland Clinic, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Herbert Yu
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Manoa, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte
- Departments of Population Health, Obstetrics and Gynecology (Obs/Gyn) and Environmental Medicine, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Geoffrey S. Tobias
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Dennis Maeder
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | - Harvey Risch
- Yale School of Public Health/Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Joshua N. Sampson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
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Hummel D, Aggarwal A, Borka K, Bajna E, Kállay E, Horváth HC. The vitamin D system is deregulated in pancreatic diseases. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 144 Pt B:402-9. [PMID: 25090635 PMCID: PMC4217145 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The vitamin D system is deregulated during development and progression of several cancer types. Data on the expression of the vitamin D system in the diseased pancreas are missing. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of the vitamin D receptor (VDR), 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 24-hydroxylase (CYP24A1), and the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), a vitamin D target gene, in the different regions of the pancreas in patients with chronic pancreatitis (n=6) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC) (n=17). We analyzed the expression of these genes at mRNA and protein level with quantitative real-time RT-PCR and immunostaining. mRNA expression of CYP24A1 and VDR was significantly increased in tumors compared with the adjacent non-tumorous tissue (p<0.01), while CaSR mRNA expression decreased. Both the VDR and the CaSR protein were highly expressed in the endocrine compared with the exocrine pancreas. In CP the CYP24A1 expression was highest in the endocrine pancreas, while in PDACs in the transformed ducts. In the PDAC patients CYP24A1 expression in the islets was significantly lower than in CP patients. Our data suggest that during ductal adenocarcinoma development the vitamin D system in the pancreas becomes deregulated on two levels: in the islets CYP24A1 expression decreases weakening the negative feedback regulation of the vitamin D-dependent insulin synthesis/secretion. In the transformed ducts CYP24A1 expression increases, impairing the antiproliferative effect of vitamin D in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Hummel
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Leitstelle 3Q, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Abhishek Aggarwal
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Leitstelle 3Q, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katalin Borka
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 93, 1091 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Erika Bajna
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Leitstelle 3Q, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Enikö Kállay
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Leitstelle 3Q, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Henrik Csaba Horváth
- University Clinic of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
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Hassanein SI, Abu El Maaty MA, Sleem HM, Gad MZ. Triangular relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms in the CYP2R1 gene (rs10741657 and rs12794714), 25-hydroxyvitamin d levels, and coronary artery disease incidence. Biomarkers 2014; 19:488-92. [PMID: 25003556 DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2014.939226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between the rs10741657 and rs12794714 polymorphisms in the CYP2R1 gene, 25(OH)D levels, and coronary artery disease (CAD) incidence. METHODS In total, 134 male patients with verified CAD were recruited, alongside 109 age- and sex-matched controls. Genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism, using the corresponding restriction enzyme for each polymorphism, whereas 25(OH)D levels were analyzed by HPLC-UV. RESULTS 25(OH)D levels were significantly lower in patients. The genotypic and allelic distributions of the rs10741657 polymorphism were significantly different between patients and controls, whereas insignificant results were obtained for the rs12794714 polymorphism. Furthermore, rs10741657, but not rs12794714, predicted 25(OH)D levels. CONCLUSION The rs10741657 polymorphism is a novel genetic marker for CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally I Hassanein
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Biochemistry Department, German University in Cairo (GUC) , Cairo , Egypt and
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33
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Feldman D, Krishnan AV, Swami S, Giovannucci E, Feldman BJ. The role of vitamin D in reducing cancer risk and progression. Nat Rev Cancer 2014; 14:342-57. [PMID: 24705652 DOI: 10.1038/nrc3691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 870] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D is not really a vitamin but the precursor to the potent steroid hormone calcitriol, which has widespread actions throughout the body. Calcitriol regulates numerous cellular pathways that could have a role in determining cancer risk and prognosis. Although epidemiological and early clinical trials are inconsistent, and randomized control trials in humans do not yet exist to conclusively support a beneficial role for vitamin D, accumulating results from preclinical and some clinical studies strongly suggest that vitamin D deficiency increases the risk of developing cancer and that avoiding deficiency and adding vitamin D supplements might be an economical and safe way to reduce cancer incidence and improve cancer prognosis and outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Feldman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Aruna V Krishnan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Srilatha Swami
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Edward Giovannucci
- Departments of Epidemiology and Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Brian J Feldman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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Cho M, Peddi PF, Ding K, Chen L, Thomas D, Wang J, Lockhart AC, Tan B, Wang-Gillam A. Vitamin D deficiency and prognostics among patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. J Transl Med 2013; 11:206. [PMID: 24011168 PMCID: PMC3844423 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-11-206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among patients with cancer has been previously reported. Because vitamin D is fat soluble, patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma may have an especially high risk of vitamin D deficiency in association with ongoing and varying degrees of malabsorption. However, little is known about the correlation between vitamin D status and prognosis in these patients. METHODS We conducted a retrospective review of vitamin D status in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma who were treated at Siteman Cancer Center. Patients' demographic information, clinical staging at the time of vitamin D assessment, vitamin D levels, and survival data were collected. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as a serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) level of less than 20 ng/mL, and vitamin D insufficiency was defined as a 25(OH)D level of between 20 ng/mL and 30 ng/mL. RESULTS Between December 2007 and June 2011, 178 patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma had their vitamin D levels checked at the time of initial visit at this center. Of these 178 patients, 87 (49%) had vitamin D deficiency, and 44 (25%) had vitamin D insufficiency. The median 25(OH)D level was significantly lower among nonwhite patients and among patients with stage I and II disease. A 25(OH)D level of less than 20 ng/mL was found to be associated with poor prognosis (p = 0.0019) in patients with stage III and IV disease. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency were prevalent among patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. The vitamin D level appears to be prognostic for patients with advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma, and its effects should be further examined in a prospective study.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Cho
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Parvin F Peddi
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kevin Ding
- Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ling Chen
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Denise Thomas
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jian Wang
- Division of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Albert C Lockhart
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Benjamin Tan
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Andrea Wang-Gillam
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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