1
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Karissa P, Simpson T, Dawson SP, Low TY, Tay SH, Nordin FDA, Zain SM, Lee PY, Pung YF. Comparison Between Dichloroacetate and Phenylbutyrate Treatment for Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Deficiency. Br J Biomed Sci 2022; 79:10382. [PMID: 35996497 PMCID: PMC9302545 DOI: 10.3389/bjbs.2022.10382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) deficiency is caused by a number of pathogenic variants and the most common are found in the PDHA1 gene. The PDHA1 gene encodes one of the subunits of the PDH enzyme found in a carbohydrate metabolism pathway involved in energy production. Pathogenic variants of PDHA1 gene usually impact the α-subunit of PDH causing energy reduction. It potentially leads to increased mortality in sufferers. Potential treatments for this disease include dichloroacetate and phenylbutyrate, previously used for other diseases such as cancer and maple syrup urine disease. However, not much is known about their efficacy in treating PDH deficiency. Effective treatment for PDH deficiency is crucial as carbohydrate is needed in a healthy diet and rice is the staple food for a large portion of the Asian population. This review analysed the efficacy of dichloroacetate and phenylbutyrate as potential treatments for PDH deficiency caused by PDHA1 pathogenic variants. Based on the findings of this review, dichloroacetate will have an effect on most PDHA1 pathogenic variant and can act as a temporary treatment to reduce the lactic acidosis, a common symptom of PDH deficiency. Phenylbutyrate can only be used on patients with certain pathogenic variants (p.P221L, p.R234G, p.G249R, p.R349C, p.R349H) on the PDH protein. It is hoped that the review would provide an insight into these treatments and improve the quality of lives for patients with PDH deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Karissa
- Division of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Malaysia
| | - Timothy Simpson
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Simon P Dawson
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Teck Yew Low
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sook Hui Tay
- Division of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Malaysia
| | | | - Shamsul Mohd Zain
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pey Yee Lee
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yuh-Fen Pung
- Division of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Malaysia
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2
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Jakkamsetti V, Ma Q, Pascual JM. A subset of synaptic transmission events is coupled to acetyl coenzyme A production. J Neurophysiol 2022; 127:623-636. [PMID: 35080429 PMCID: PMC8897004 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00200.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological principles sustain the inference that synaptic function is coupled to neural metabolism, but the precise relationship between these two activities is not known. For example, it is unclear whether all synaptic transmission events are uniformly dependent on metabolic flux. Most synapses use glutamate, and the principal metabolic function of the brain is glucose oxidation, which starts with glycolysis. Thus, we asked how glutamatergic synaptic currents are modified by partial deficiency of the main glycolytic enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), which generates the intermediary metabolism product acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA). Using brain slices obtained from mice that were genetically modified to harbor a behaviorally relevant degree of PDH suppression, we also asked whether such impact is indeed metabolic via the bypassing of PDH with a glycolysis-independent acetyl-CoA substrate. We analyzed spontaneous synaptic currents under recording conditions that minimize artificial metabolic augmentation. Principal component analysis identified synaptic charge transfer as the major difference between a subset of wild-type and PDH-deficiency (PDHD) postsynaptic currents. This was due to reduced charge transfer as well as diminished current rise and decay times. The alternate acetyl-CoA source acetate rapidly restored these features but only for events of large amplitude as revealed by correlational and kernel density analyses. Application of tetrodotoxin to block large-amplitude events evoked by action potentials removed synaptic event charge transfer and decay-time differences between wild-type and PDHD neurons. These results suggest that glucose metabolic flux and excitatory transmission are intimately coupled for synaptic events characterized by large current amplitude.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In all tissues, metabolism and excitation are coupled but the details of this relationship remain elusive. Using a brain-targeted genetic approach in mice, reduction of pyruvate dehydrogenase, a major gateway in glucose metabolism, leads to changes that affect the synaptic event charge associated primarily with large excitatory (i.e., glutamate mediated) synaptic potentials. This can be modified in the direction of normal using the alternative fuel acetate, indicating that this phenomenon depends on rapid metabolic flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Jakkamsetti
- 1Rare Brain Disorders Program, Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Qian Ma
- 1Rare Brain Disorders Program, Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Juan M. Pascual
- 1Rare Brain Disorders Program, Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas,2Department of Physiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas,3Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas,4Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth & Development/Center for Human Genetics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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3
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Savvidou A, Ivarsson L, Naess K, Eklund EA, Lundgren J, Dahlin M, Frithiof D, Sofou K, Darin N. Novel imaging findings in pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHc) deficiency-Results from a nationwide population-based study. J Inherit Metab Dis 2022; 45:248-263. [PMID: 34873726 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The vast clinical and radiological spectrum of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHc) deficiency continues to pose challenges both in diagnostics and disease monitoring. Prompt diagnosis is important to enable early initiation of ketogenic diet. The patients were recruited from an ongoing population-based study in Sweden. All patients with a genetically confirmed diagnosis who had been investigated with an MRI of the brain were included. Repeated investigations were assessed to study the evolution of the MRI changes. Sixty-two MRI investigations had been performed in 34 patients (23 females). The genetic cause was mutations in PDHA1 in 29, PDHX and DLAT in 2 each, and PDHB in 1. The lesions were prenatal developmental in 16, prenatal clastic in 18, and postnatal clastic in 15 individuals. Leigh-like lesions with predominant involvement of globus pallidus were present in 12, while leukoencephalopathy was present in 6 and stroke-like lesions in 3 individuals. A combination of prenatal developmental and clastic lesions was present in 15 individuals. In addition, one male with PDHA1 also had postnatal clastic lesions. The most common lesions found in our study were agenesis or hypoplasia of corpus callosum, ventriculomegaly, or Leigh-like lesions. Furthermore, we describe a broad spectrum of other MRI changes that include leukoencephalopathy and stroke-like lesions. We argue that a novel important clue, suggesting the possibility of PDHc deficiency on MRI scans, is the simultaneous presence of multiple lesions on MRI that have occurred during different phases of brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antri Savvidou
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Pediatrics, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Liz Ivarsson
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin Naess
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Center for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik A Eklund
- Section for Pediatrics, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Lundgren
- Section for Pediatrics, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria Dahlin
- Neuropediatric Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute and Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Kalliopi Sofou
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Pediatrics, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Niklas Darin
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Pediatrics, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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4
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Patel MS, Mahmood S, Jung J, Rideout TC. Reprogramming of aerobic glycolysis in non-transformed mouse liver with pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14684. [PMID: 33400855 PMCID: PMC7785054 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex (PDC), a key enzyme in glucose metabolism, catalyzes an irreversible oxidative decarboxylation reaction of pyruvate to acetyl‐CoA, linking the cytosolic glycolytic pathway to mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. Earlier we reported a down‐regulation of several key hepatic lipogenic enzymes and their upstream regulators in liver‐specific PDC‐deficient mouse (L‐PDCKO model by deleting the Pdha1 gene). In this study we investigated gene expression profiles of key glycolytic enzymes and other proteins that respond to various metabolic stresses in liver from L‐PDCKO mice. Transcripts of several, such as hexokinase 2, phosphoglycerate kinase 1, pyruvate kinase muscle‐type 2, and lactate dehydrogenase B as well as those for the nonglycolysis‐related proteins, CD‐36, C/EBP homologous protein, and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ, were up‐regulated in L‐PDCKO liver whereas hypoxia‐induced factor‐1α, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 and Sirtuin 1 transcripts were down‐regulated. The protein levels of pyruvate kinase muscle‐type 2 and lactate dehydrogenase B were increased whereas that of lactate dehydrogenase A was decreased in PDC‐deficient mouse liver. Analysis of endoplasmic reticulum and oxidative stress indicators suggests that the L‐PDCKO liver showed evidence of the former but not the latter. These findings indicate that (i) liver‐specific PDC deficiency is sufficient to induce “aerobic glycolysis characteristic” in mouse liver, and (ii) the mechanism(s) responsible for these changes appears distinct from that which induces the Warburg effect in some cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mulchand S Patel
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Saleh Mahmood
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jiwon Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Todd C Rideout
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
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5
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Kaya E, Smith DA, Smith C, Morris L, Bremova-Ertl T, Cortina-Borja M, Fineran P, Morten KJ, Poulton J, Boland B, Spencer J, Strupp M, Platt FM. Acetyl-leucine slows disease progression in lysosomal storage disorders. Brain Commun 2020; 3:fcaa148. [PMID: 33738443 PMCID: PMC7954382 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcaa148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetyl-dl-leucine is a derivative of the branched chain amino acid leucine. In observational clinical studies, acetyl-dl-leucine improved symptoms of ataxia, in particular in patients with the lysosomal storage disorder, Niemann-Pick disease type C1. Here, we investigated acetyl-dl-leucine and its enantiomers acetyl-l-leucine and acetyl-d-leucine in symptomatic Npc1-/- mice and observed improvement in ataxia with both individual enantiomers and acetyl-dl-leucine. When acetyl-dl-leucine and acetyl-l-leucine were administered pre-symptomatically to Npc1-/- mice, both treatments delayed disease progression and extended life span, whereas acetyl-d-leucine did not. These data are consistent with acetyl-l-leucine being the neuroprotective enantiomer. Altered glucose and antioxidant metabolism were implicated as one of the potential mechanisms of action of the l-enantiomer in Npc1-/- mice. When the standard of care drug miglustat and acetyl-dl-leucine were used in combination significant synergy resulted. In agreement with these pre-clinical data, when Niemann-Pick disease type C1 patients were evaluated after 12 months of acetyl-dl-leucine treatment, rates of disease progression were slowed, with stabilization or improvement in multiple neurological domains. A beneficial effect of acetyl-dl-leucine on gait was also observed in this study in a mouse model of GM2 gangliosidosis (Sandhoff disease) and in Tay-Sachs and Sandhoff disease patients in individual-cases of off-label-use. Taken together, we have identified an unanticipated neuroprotective effect of acetyl-l-leucine and underlying mechanisms of action in lysosomal storage diseases, supporting its further evaluation in clinical trials in lysosomal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ecem Kaya
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - David A Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Claire Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Lauren Morris
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Tatiana Bremova-Ertl
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Neurology and German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Mario Cortina-Borja
- Population, Policy and Practice Research and Teaching Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Paul Fineran
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Karl J Morten
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital OX3 9DU, Oxford, UK
| | - Joanna Poulton
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital OX3 9DU, Oxford, UK
| | - Barry Boland
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Western Gateway Building, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, T12XF62, Ireland
| | - John Spencer
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RH UK
| | - Michael Strupp
- Department of Neurology and German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Frances M Platt
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
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6
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Poitelon Y, Kopec AM, Belin S. Myelin Fat Facts: An Overview of Lipids and Fatty Acid Metabolism. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040812. [PMID: 32230947 PMCID: PMC7226731 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelin is critical for the proper function of the nervous system and one of the most complex cell–cell interactions of the body. Myelination allows for the rapid conduction of action potentials along axonal fibers and provides physical and trophic support to neurons. Myelin contains a high content of lipids, and the formation of the myelin sheath requires high levels of fatty acid and lipid synthesis, together with uptake of extracellular fatty acids. Recent studies have further advanced our understanding of the metabolism and functions of myelin fatty acids and lipids. In this review, we present an overview of the basic biology of myelin lipids and recent insights on the regulation of fatty acid metabolism and functions in myelinating cells. In addition, this review may serve to provide a foundation for future research characterizing the role of fatty acids and lipids in myelin biology and metabolic disorders affecting the central and peripheral nervous system.
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7
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Klejbor I, Mahmood S, Melka N, Ebertowska A, Morys J, Stachowiak EK, Stachowiak MK, Patel MS. Phenylbutyrate administration reduces changes in the cerebellar Purkinje cells population in PDC-deficient mice. Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) 2020. [DOI: 10.21307/ane-2020-027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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8
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Ghareghani M, Scavo L, Jand Y, Farhadi N, Sadeghi H, Ghanbari A, Mondello S, Arnoult D, Gharaghani S, Zibara K. Melatonin Therapy Modulates Cerebral Metabolism and Enhances Remyelination by Increasing PDK4 in a Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:147. [PMID: 30873027 PMCID: PMC6403148 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic disturbances have been implicated in demyelinating diseases including multiple sclerosis (MS). Melatonin, a naturally occurring hormone, has emerged as a potent neuroprotective candidate to reduce myelin loss and improve MS outcomes. In this study, we evaluated the effect of melatonin, at both physiological and pharmacological doses, on oligodendrocytes metabolism in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model of MS. Results showed that melatonin decreased neurological disability scores and enhanced remyelination, significantly increasing myelin protein levels including MBP, MOG, and MOBP. In addition, melatonin attenuated inflammation by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-α) and increasing anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10). Moreover, melatonin significantly increased brain concentrations of lactate, N-acetylaspartate (NAA), and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme-A reductase (HMGCR). Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-4 (PDK-4) mRNA and protein expression levels were also increased in melatonin-treated, compared to untreated EAE mice. However, melatonin significantly inhibited active and total pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC), an enzyme under the control of PDK4. In summary, although PDC activity was reduced by melatonin, it caused a reduction in inflammatory mediators while stimulating oligodendrogenesis, suggesting that oligodendrocytes are forced to use an alternative pathway to synthesize fatty acids for remyelination. We propose that combining melatonin and PDK inhibitors may provide greater benefits for MS patients than the use of melatonin therapy alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Ghareghani
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Quebec City, QC, Canada.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Linda Scavo
- Platform of Research and Analysis in Sciences and Environment (PRASE), Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.,INSERM U 1197, Laboratory of Stem Cells, Transplantation and Immunoregulation, Villejuif, France
| | - Yahya Jand
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naser Farhadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Hossein Sadeghi
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Amir Ghanbari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Stefania Mondello
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Oasi Research Institute - IRCCS, Troina, Italy
| | - Damien Arnoult
- INSERM U 1197, Laboratory of Stem Cells, Transplantation and Immunoregulation, Villejuif, France
| | - Sajjad Gharaghani
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Drug Design, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kazem Zibara
- Platform of Research and Analysis in Sciences and Environment (PRASE), Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.,Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences-I, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
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9
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Abstract
West syndrome (WS) is an early life epileptic encephalopathy associated with infantile spasms, interictal electroencephalography (EEG) abnormalities including high amplitude, disorganized background with multifocal epileptic spikes (hypsarrhythmia), and often neurodevelopmental impairments. Approximately 64% of the patients have structural, metabolic, genetic, or infectious etiologies and, in the rest, the etiology is unknown. Here we review the contribution of etiologies due to various metabolic disorders in the pathology of WS. These may include metabolic errors in organic molecules involved in amino acid and glucose metabolism, fatty acid oxidation, metal metabolism, pyridoxine deficiency or dependency, or acidurias in organelles such as mitochondria and lysosomes. We discuss the biochemical, clinical, and EEG features of these disorders as well as the evidence of how they may be implicated in the pathogenesis and treatment of WS. The early recognition of these etiologies in some cases may permit early interventions that may improve the course of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seda Salar
- Laboratory of Developmental EpilepsySaul R. Korey Department of NeurologyMontefiore/Einstein Epilepsy CenterAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkU.S.A.
| | - Solomon L. Moshé
- Laboratory of Developmental EpilepsySaul R. Korey Department of NeurologyMontefiore/Einstein Epilepsy CenterAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkU.S.A.
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of NeuroscienceMontefiore/Einstein Epilepsy CenterAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkU.S.A.
- Department of PediatricsMontefiore/Einstein Epilepsy CenterAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkU.S.A.
| | - Aristea S. Galanopoulou
- Laboratory of Developmental EpilepsySaul R. Korey Department of NeurologyMontefiore/Einstein Epilepsy CenterAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkU.S.A.
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of NeuroscienceMontefiore/Einstein Epilepsy CenterAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkU.S.A.
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10
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Della-Flora Nunes G, Mueller L, Silvestri N, Patel MS, Wrabetz L, Feltri ML, Poitelon Y. Acetyl-CoA production from pyruvate is not necessary for preservation of myelin. Glia 2017; 65:1626-1639. [PMID: 28657129 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells not only form myelin in the central and peripheral nervous system, but also provide metabolic and trophic support to the axons they ensheathe. Acetyl-CoA is potentially a key molecule in Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes because it is at the crossroads of cellular lipid biosynthesis and energy generation. The main route for acetyl-CoA production is the oxidation of pyruvate by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC). PDC deficiency in humans results in neurodegeneration and developmental impairments in both white and gray matter structures. To address the importance of PDC in myelinating glia, we deleted Pdha1 gene specifically in oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells. Surprisingly, sciatic and optic nerve morphology and the motor performance of Pdha1f/Y; CnpCre/+ mice are undistinguishable from those of controls at 1 month of age. In addition, myelin is stably maintained for at least 10 months. However, Pdha1f/Y; CnpCre/+ mice showed reduced fiber density and signs of axonal degeneration in both sciatic and optic nerves from 6 months of age. In contrast, 10 month-old mice bearing a floxed Pdha1 gene with either P0-Cre (expressed only by Schwann cells) or NG2-CreER (expressed in oligodendrocyte precursor cells) do not show any sign of axonal pathology or alterations in myelin structure or thickness. This indicates that the axonopathy is specific to the Pdha1f/Y; CnpCre/+ mice. Taken together, these results suggest that acetyl-CoA derived from pyruvate is not necessary for myelin maintenance and, thus, myelin-forming cells are not likely to contribute to the pathophysiology of PDC deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Della-Flora Nunes
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, 14203.,Department of Biochemistry, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, 14203
| | - Lauren Mueller
- Department of Biochemistry, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, 14203
| | - Nicholas Silvestri
- Deptartment of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, 14203
| | - Mulchand S Patel
- Department of Biochemistry, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, 14203
| | - Lawrence Wrabetz
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, 14203.,Department of Biochemistry, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, 14203.,Deptartment of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, 14203
| | - M Laura Feltri
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, 14203.,Department of Biochemistry, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, 14203.,Deptartment of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, 14203
| | - Yannick Poitelon
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, 14203.,Department of Biochemistry, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, 14203
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11
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E4F1 controls a transcriptional program essential for pyruvate dehydrogenase activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:10998-1003. [PMID: 27621446 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1602754113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex (PDC) acts as a central metabolic node that mediates pyruvate oxidation and fuels the tricarboxylic acid cycle to meet energy demand. Here, we reveal another level of regulation of the pyruvate oxidation pathway in mammals implicating the E4 transcription factor 1 (E4F1). E4F1 controls a set of four genes [dihydrolipoamide acetlytransferase (Dlat), dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase (Dld), mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 1 (Mpc1), and solute carrier family 25 member 19 (Slc25a19)] involved in pyruvate oxidation and reported to be individually mutated in human metabolic syndromes. E4F1 dysfunction results in 80% decrease of PDH activity and alterations of pyruvate metabolism. Genetic inactivation of murine E4f1 in striated muscles results in viable animals that show low muscle PDH activity, severe endurance defects, and chronic lactic acidemia, recapitulating some clinical symptoms described in PDC-deficient patients. These phenotypes were attenuated by pharmacological stimulation of PDH or by a ketogenic diet, two treatments used for PDH deficiencies. Taken together, these data identify E4F1 as a master regulator of the PDC.
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12
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Pliss L, Jatania U, Patel MS. Beneficial effect of feeding a ketogenic diet to mothers on brain development in their progeny with a murine model of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2016; 7:78-86. [PMID: 27331005 PMCID: PMC4901178 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2016.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) deficiency is a major inborn error of oxidative metabolism of pyruvate in the mitochondria causing congenital lactic acidosis and primarily structural and functional abnormalities of the central nervous system. To provide an alternate source of acetyl-CoA derived from ketone bodies to the developing brain, a formula high in fat content is widely employed as a treatment. In the present study we investigated efficacy of a high-fat diet given to mothers during pregnancy and lactation on lessening of the impact of PDC deficiency on brain development in PDC-deficient female progeny. Methods A murine model of systemic PDC deficiency by interrupting the X-linked Pdha1 gene was employed in this study. Results Maternal consumption of a high-fat diet during pregnancy and lactation had no effect on number of live-birth, body growth, tissue PDC activity levels, as well as the in vitro rates of glucose oxidation and fatty acid biosynthesis by the developing brain of PDC-deficient female offspring during the postnatal age 35 days, as compared to the PDC-deficient progeny born to dams on a chow diet. Interestingly, brain weight was normalized in PDC-deficient progeny of high fat-fed mothers with improvement in impairment in brain structure deficit whereas brain weight was significantly decreased and was associated with greater cerebral structural defects in progeny of chow-fed mothers as compared to control progeny of mothers fed either a chow or high fat diet. Conclusion The findings provide for the first time experimental support for beneficial effects of a ketogenic diet during the prenatal and early postnatal periods on the brain development of PDC-deficient mammalian progeny.
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Key Words
- Brain development
- E18, embryonic day 18
- Glucose metabolism
- HF, high fat
- High fat diet
- LC, laboratory chow
- Mouse model
- P15, postnatal day 15
- PDC, pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
- PDH, pyruvate dehydrogenase
- PDHA1, human gene that encodes α subunit of PDH
- Pdha1, murine orthologue of PDHA1
- Prenatal treatment
- Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency
- flox8, Pdha1 floxed allele
- wt, wild-type Pdha1 allele
- Δex8, Pdha1 null allele
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Affiliation(s)
- Lioudmila Pliss
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Urvi Jatania
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Mulchand S. Patel
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
- Corresponding author at: Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, 140 Farber Hall, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA.Department of BiochemistryJacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical SciencesUniversity at Buffalo140 Farber HallBuffaloNY14214USA
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Pirot N, Crahes M, Adle-Biassette H, Soares A, Bucourt M, Boutron A, Carbillon L, Mignot C, Trestard L, Bekri S, Laquerrière A. Phenotypic and Neuropathological Characterization of Fetal Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Deficiency. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2016; 75:227-38. [PMID: 26865159 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlv022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To distinguish pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency (PDH) from other antenatal neurometabolic disorders thereby improving prenatal diagnosis, we describe imaging findings, clinical phenotype, and brain lesions in fetuses from 3 families with molecular characterization of this condition. Neuropathological analysis was performed in 4 autopsy cases from 3 unrelated families with subsequent biochemical and molecular confirmation of PDH complex deficiency. In 2 families there were mutations in the PDHA1 gene; in the third family there was a mutation in the PDHB gene. All fetuses displayed characteristic craniofacial dysmorphism of varying severity, absence of visceral lesions, and associated encephaloclastic and developmental supra- and infratentorial lesions. Neurodevelopmental abnormalities included microcephaly, migration abnormalities (pachygyria, polymicrogyria, periventricular nodular heterotopias), and cerebellar and brainstem hypoplasia with hypoplastic dentate nuclei and pyramidal tracts. Associated clastic lesions included asymmetric leukomalacia, reactive gliosis, large pseudocysts of germinolysis, and basal ganglia calcifications. The diagnosis of PDH deficiency should be suspected antenatally with the presence of clastic and neurodevelopmental lesions and a relatively characteristic craniofacial dysmorphism. Postmortem examination is essential for excluding other closely related entities, thereby allowing for biochemical and molecular confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Pirot
- From the Department of Radiology (NP), Pathology Laboratory (MC, AL), and Department of Metabolic Biochemistry (AS, SB), Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France; Pathology Department (HAB), Lariboisière University Hospital, Rouen, France; Pathology Laboratory (MB), Jean Verdier University Hospital, Paris-Bondy, Rouen, France; Biochemistry and Genetics Laboratory (AB), Bicêtre University Hospital, Paris-le Kremlin Bicêtre, Paris, France; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (LC), Jean Verdier University Hospital, Paris-Bondy, France; Intensive Care Unit (CM), Trousseau University Hospital, Paris, France; Belvédère Maternity Hospital (LT), Mont Saint Aignan, France; and NeoVasc Region-Inserm Team ERI28, Laboratory of Microvascular Endothelium and Neonate Brain Lesions (SB, AL), Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, University of Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Marie Crahes
- From the Department of Radiology (NP), Pathology Laboratory (MC, AL), and Department of Metabolic Biochemistry (AS, SB), Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France; Pathology Department (HAB), Lariboisière University Hospital, Rouen, France; Pathology Laboratory (MB), Jean Verdier University Hospital, Paris-Bondy, Rouen, France; Biochemistry and Genetics Laboratory (AB), Bicêtre University Hospital, Paris-le Kremlin Bicêtre, Paris, France; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (LC), Jean Verdier University Hospital, Paris-Bondy, France; Intensive Care Unit (CM), Trousseau University Hospital, Paris, France; Belvédère Maternity Hospital (LT), Mont Saint Aignan, France; and NeoVasc Region-Inserm Team ERI28, Laboratory of Microvascular Endothelium and Neonate Brain Lesions (SB, AL), Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, University of Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Homa Adle-Biassette
- From the Department of Radiology (NP), Pathology Laboratory (MC, AL), and Department of Metabolic Biochemistry (AS, SB), Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France; Pathology Department (HAB), Lariboisière University Hospital, Rouen, France; Pathology Laboratory (MB), Jean Verdier University Hospital, Paris-Bondy, Rouen, France; Biochemistry and Genetics Laboratory (AB), Bicêtre University Hospital, Paris-le Kremlin Bicêtre, Paris, France; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (LC), Jean Verdier University Hospital, Paris-Bondy, France; Intensive Care Unit (CM), Trousseau University Hospital, Paris, France; Belvédère Maternity Hospital (LT), Mont Saint Aignan, France; and NeoVasc Region-Inserm Team ERI28, Laboratory of Microvascular Endothelium and Neonate Brain Lesions (SB, AL), Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, University of Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Anais Soares
- From the Department of Radiology (NP), Pathology Laboratory (MC, AL), and Department of Metabolic Biochemistry (AS, SB), Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France; Pathology Department (HAB), Lariboisière University Hospital, Rouen, France; Pathology Laboratory (MB), Jean Verdier University Hospital, Paris-Bondy, Rouen, France; Biochemistry and Genetics Laboratory (AB), Bicêtre University Hospital, Paris-le Kremlin Bicêtre, Paris, France; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (LC), Jean Verdier University Hospital, Paris-Bondy, France; Intensive Care Unit (CM), Trousseau University Hospital, Paris, France; Belvédère Maternity Hospital (LT), Mont Saint Aignan, France; and NeoVasc Region-Inserm Team ERI28, Laboratory of Microvascular Endothelium and Neonate Brain Lesions (SB, AL), Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, University of Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Martine Bucourt
- From the Department of Radiology (NP), Pathology Laboratory (MC, AL), and Department of Metabolic Biochemistry (AS, SB), Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France; Pathology Department (HAB), Lariboisière University Hospital, Rouen, France; Pathology Laboratory (MB), Jean Verdier University Hospital, Paris-Bondy, Rouen, France; Biochemistry and Genetics Laboratory (AB), Bicêtre University Hospital, Paris-le Kremlin Bicêtre, Paris, France; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (LC), Jean Verdier University Hospital, Paris-Bondy, France; Intensive Care Unit (CM), Trousseau University Hospital, Paris, France; Belvédère Maternity Hospital (LT), Mont Saint Aignan, France; and NeoVasc Region-Inserm Team ERI28, Laboratory of Microvascular Endothelium and Neonate Brain Lesions (SB, AL), Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, University of Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Audrey Boutron
- From the Department of Radiology (NP), Pathology Laboratory (MC, AL), and Department of Metabolic Biochemistry (AS, SB), Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France; Pathology Department (HAB), Lariboisière University Hospital, Rouen, France; Pathology Laboratory (MB), Jean Verdier University Hospital, Paris-Bondy, Rouen, France; Biochemistry and Genetics Laboratory (AB), Bicêtre University Hospital, Paris-le Kremlin Bicêtre, Paris, France; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (LC), Jean Verdier University Hospital, Paris-Bondy, France; Intensive Care Unit (CM), Trousseau University Hospital, Paris, France; Belvédère Maternity Hospital (LT), Mont Saint Aignan, France; and NeoVasc Region-Inserm Team ERI28, Laboratory of Microvascular Endothelium and Neonate Brain Lesions (SB, AL), Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, University of Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Lionel Carbillon
- From the Department of Radiology (NP), Pathology Laboratory (MC, AL), and Department of Metabolic Biochemistry (AS, SB), Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France; Pathology Department (HAB), Lariboisière University Hospital, Rouen, France; Pathology Laboratory (MB), Jean Verdier University Hospital, Paris-Bondy, Rouen, France; Biochemistry and Genetics Laboratory (AB), Bicêtre University Hospital, Paris-le Kremlin Bicêtre, Paris, France; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (LC), Jean Verdier University Hospital, Paris-Bondy, France; Intensive Care Unit (CM), Trousseau University Hospital, Paris, France; Belvédère Maternity Hospital (LT), Mont Saint Aignan, France; and NeoVasc Region-Inserm Team ERI28, Laboratory of Microvascular Endothelium and Neonate Brain Lesions (SB, AL), Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, University of Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Cyril Mignot
- From the Department of Radiology (NP), Pathology Laboratory (MC, AL), and Department of Metabolic Biochemistry (AS, SB), Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France; Pathology Department (HAB), Lariboisière University Hospital, Rouen, France; Pathology Laboratory (MB), Jean Verdier University Hospital, Paris-Bondy, Rouen, France; Biochemistry and Genetics Laboratory (AB), Bicêtre University Hospital, Paris-le Kremlin Bicêtre, Paris, France; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (LC), Jean Verdier University Hospital, Paris-Bondy, France; Intensive Care Unit (CM), Trousseau University Hospital, Paris, France; Belvédère Maternity Hospital (LT), Mont Saint Aignan, France; and NeoVasc Region-Inserm Team ERI28, Laboratory of Microvascular Endothelium and Neonate Brain Lesions (SB, AL), Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, University of Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Laetitia Trestard
- From the Department of Radiology (NP), Pathology Laboratory (MC, AL), and Department of Metabolic Biochemistry (AS, SB), Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France; Pathology Department (HAB), Lariboisière University Hospital, Rouen, France; Pathology Laboratory (MB), Jean Verdier University Hospital, Paris-Bondy, Rouen, France; Biochemistry and Genetics Laboratory (AB), Bicêtre University Hospital, Paris-le Kremlin Bicêtre, Paris, France; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (LC), Jean Verdier University Hospital, Paris-Bondy, France; Intensive Care Unit (CM), Trousseau University Hospital, Paris, France; Belvédère Maternity Hospital (LT), Mont Saint Aignan, France; and NeoVasc Region-Inserm Team ERI28, Laboratory of Microvascular Endothelium and Neonate Brain Lesions (SB, AL), Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, University of Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Soumeya Bekri
- From the Department of Radiology (NP), Pathology Laboratory (MC, AL), and Department of Metabolic Biochemistry (AS, SB), Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France; Pathology Department (HAB), Lariboisière University Hospital, Rouen, France; Pathology Laboratory (MB), Jean Verdier University Hospital, Paris-Bondy, Rouen, France; Biochemistry and Genetics Laboratory (AB), Bicêtre University Hospital, Paris-le Kremlin Bicêtre, Paris, France; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (LC), Jean Verdier University Hospital, Paris-Bondy, France; Intensive Care Unit (CM), Trousseau University Hospital, Paris, France; Belvédère Maternity Hospital (LT), Mont Saint Aignan, France; and NeoVasc Region-Inserm Team ERI28, Laboratory of Microvascular Endothelium and Neonate Brain Lesions (SB, AL), Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, University of Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Annie Laquerrière
- From the Department of Radiology (NP), Pathology Laboratory (MC, AL), and Department of Metabolic Biochemistry (AS, SB), Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France; Pathology Department (HAB), Lariboisière University Hospital, Rouen, France; Pathology Laboratory (MB), Jean Verdier University Hospital, Paris-Bondy, Rouen, France; Biochemistry and Genetics Laboratory (AB), Bicêtre University Hospital, Paris-le Kremlin Bicêtre, Paris, France; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (LC), Jean Verdier University Hospital, Paris-Bondy, France; Intensive Care Unit (CM), Trousseau University Hospital, Paris, France; Belvédère Maternity Hospital (LT), Mont Saint Aignan, France; and NeoVasc Region-Inserm Team ERI28, Laboratory of Microvascular Endothelium and Neonate Brain Lesions (SB, AL), Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, University of Rouen, Rouen, France.
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