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Badoiu SC, Greabu M, Miricescu D, Stanescu-Spinu II, Ilinca R, Balan DG, Balcangiu-Stroescu AE, Mihai DA, Vacaroiu IA, Stefani C, Jinga V. PI3K/AKT/mTOR Dysregulation and Reprogramming Metabolic Pathways in Renal Cancer: Crosstalk with the VHL/HIF Axis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:8391. [PMID: 37176098 PMCID: PMC10179314 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) represents 85-95% of kidney cancers and is the most frequent type of renal cancer in adult patients. It accounts for 3% of all cancer cases and is in 7th place among the most frequent histological types of cancer. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), accounts for 75% of RCCs and has the most kidney cancer-related deaths. One-third of the patients with ccRCC develop metastases. Renal cancer presents cellular alterations in sugars, lipids, amino acids, and nucleic acid metabolism. RCC is characterized by several metabolic dysregulations including oxygen sensing (VHL/HIF pathway), glucose transporters (GLUT 1 and GLUT 4) energy sensing, and energy nutrient sensing cascade. Metabolic reprogramming represents an important characteristic of the cancer cells to survive in nutrient and oxygen-deprived environments, to proliferate and metastasize in different body sites. The phosphoinositide 3-kinase-AKT-mammalian target of the rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) signaling pathway is usually dysregulated in various cancer types including renal cancer. This molecular pathway is frequently correlated with tumor growth and survival. The main aim of this review is to present renal cancer types, dysregulation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway members, crosstalk with VHL/HIF axis, and carbohydrates, lipids, and amino acid alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silviu Constantin Badoiu
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Maria Greabu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, Sector 5, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Daniela Miricescu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, Sector 5, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Iulia-Ioana Stanescu-Spinu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, Sector 5, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Radu Ilinca
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, Faculty of Dentistry, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Daniela Gabriela Balan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (D.G.B.); (A.-E.B.-S.)
| | - Andra-Elena Balcangiu-Stroescu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (D.G.B.); (A.-E.B.-S.)
| | - Doina-Andrada Mihai
- Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Ileana Adela Vacaroiu
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Constantin Stefani
- Department of Family Medicine and Clinical Base, Dr. Carol Davila Central Military Emergency University Hospital, 134 Calea Plevnei, 010825 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Viorel Jinga
- Department of Urology, “Prof. Dr. Theodor Burghele” Hospital, 050653 Bucharest, Romania
- “Prof. Dr. Theodor Burghele” Clinical Hospital, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Medical Sciences Section, Academy of Romanian Scientists, 050085 Bucharest, Romania
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Fischer JV, Mejia- Bautista M, Vadasz B, Tanner EJ, Lu X, Wei JJ. Uterine Leiomyosarcoma Associated With Leiomyoma With Bizarre Nuclei: Histology and Genomic Analysis of 2 Cases. Int J Gynecol Pathol 2022; 41:552-565. [PMID: 35093974 PMCID: PMC9339039 DOI: 10.1097/pgp.0000000000000837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Leiomyoma with bizarre nuclei (LM-BN) is a rare variant of leiomyoma with overall benign clinical course. It has histologic features showing focal or diffuse nuclear atypia surrounded by usual type leiomyoma. Uterine leiomyosarcomas (LMS) are a group of rare and aggressive malignancies with limited treatment options available. The potential association between LM-BN with LMS is largely unknown. In this study, we report 2 cases of uterine smooth muscle tumor with typical histologic and molecular evidence of LM-BN, which are associated with its progression to the malignant counterpart of LMS. We summarize the detailed histologic, morphologic, and genomic characteristics of these 2 sets of cases. Our findings suggest that LMS progressing from preexisting LM-BN can be one of the tumor pathogenesis pathways in uterine leiomyosarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Victoria Fischer
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Melissa Mejia- Bautista
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Brian Vadasz
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Edward J Tanner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xinyan Lu
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jian-Jun Wei
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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González-Barrios R, Alcaraz N, Montalvo-Casimiro M, Cervera A, Arriaga-Canon C, Munguia-Garza P, Hinojosa-Ugarte D, Sobrevilla-Moreno N, Torres-Arciga K, Mendoza-Perez J, Diaz-Chavez J, Cortes-González CC, Castro-Hernández C, Martínez-Cedillo J, Scavuzzo A, Pérez-Montiel D, Jiménez-Ríos MA, Herrera LA. Genomic Profile in a Non-Seminoma Testicular Germ-Cell Tumor Cohort Reveals a Potential Biomarker of Sensitivity to Platinum-Based Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092065. [PMID: 35565196 PMCID: PMC9101377 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite having a favorable response to platinum-based chemotherapies, ~15% of Testicular Germ-Cell Tumor (TGCT) patients are platinum-resistant. Mortality rates among Latin American countries have remained constant over time, which makes the study of this population of particular interest. To gain insight into this phenomenon, we conducted whole-exome sequencing, microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization, and copy number analysis of 32 tumors from a Mexican cohort, of which 18 were platinum-sensitive and 14 were platinum-resistant. We incorporated analyses of mutational burden, driver mutations, and SNV and CNV signatures. DNA breakpoints in genes were also investigated and might represent an interesting research opportunity. We observed that sensitivity to chemotherapy does not seem to be explained by any of the mutations detected. Instead, we uncovered CNVs, particularly amplifications on segment 2q11.1 as a novel variant with chemosensitivity biomarker potential. Our data shed light into understanding platinum resistance in a Latin-origin population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo González-Barrios
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (R.G.-B.); (M.M.-C.); (C.A.-C.); (P.M.-G.); (K.T.-A.); (J.D.-C.); (C.C.C.-G.); (C.C.-H.)
| | - Nicolás Alcaraz
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark;
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City 14610, Mexico;
| | - Michel Montalvo-Casimiro
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (R.G.-B.); (M.M.-C.); (C.A.-C.); (P.M.-G.); (K.T.-A.); (J.D.-C.); (C.C.C.-G.); (C.C.-H.)
| | | | - Cristian Arriaga-Canon
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (R.G.-B.); (M.M.-C.); (C.A.-C.); (P.M.-G.); (K.T.-A.); (J.D.-C.); (C.C.C.-G.); (C.C.-H.)
| | - Paulina Munguia-Garza
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (R.G.-B.); (M.M.-C.); (C.A.-C.); (P.M.-G.); (K.T.-A.); (J.D.-C.); (C.C.C.-G.); (C.C.-H.)
| | - Diego Hinojosa-Ugarte
- Departamento de Cirugía, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad del Bajío, Leon 37660, Mexico;
| | - Nora Sobrevilla-Moreno
- Departamento de Oncología Médica, Clínica de Tumores Genitourinarios, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (N.S.-M.); (J.M.-C.)
| | - Karla Torres-Arciga
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (R.G.-B.); (M.M.-C.); (C.A.-C.); (P.M.-G.); (K.T.-A.); (J.D.-C.); (C.C.C.-G.); (C.C.-H.)
| | - Julia Mendoza-Perez
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - José Diaz-Chavez
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (R.G.-B.); (M.M.-C.); (C.A.-C.); (P.M.-G.); (K.T.-A.); (J.D.-C.); (C.C.C.-G.); (C.C.-H.)
| | - Carlo Cesar Cortes-González
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (R.G.-B.); (M.M.-C.); (C.A.-C.); (P.M.-G.); (K.T.-A.); (J.D.-C.); (C.C.C.-G.); (C.C.-H.)
| | - Clementina Castro-Hernández
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (R.G.-B.); (M.M.-C.); (C.A.-C.); (P.M.-G.); (K.T.-A.); (J.D.-C.); (C.C.C.-G.); (C.C.-H.)
| | - Jorge Martínez-Cedillo
- Departamento de Oncología Médica, Clínica de Tumores Genitourinarios, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (N.S.-M.); (J.M.-C.)
| | - Ana Scavuzzo
- Departamento de Urología, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (A.S.); (M.A.J.-R.)
| | - Delia Pérez-Montiel
- Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Miguel A. Jiménez-Ríos
- Departamento de Urología, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (A.S.); (M.A.J.-R.)
| | - Luis A. Herrera
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (R.G.-B.); (M.M.-C.); (C.A.-C.); (P.M.-G.); (K.T.-A.); (J.D.-C.); (C.C.C.-G.); (C.C.-H.)
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City 14610, Mexico;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-55-5350-1900
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Wei JJ. Leiomyoma with nuclear atypia: Rare diseases that present a common diagnostic problem. Semin Diagn Pathol 2022; 39:187-200. [PMID: 35144823 PMCID: PMC9035108 DOI: 10.1053/j.semdp.2022.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Leiomyoma with nuclear atypia describes a group of uterine smooth muscle tumors with a wide range of histologic and clinical presentations and remarkable nuclear atypia. These include fumarate hydratase-deficient leiomyoma (FH-LM), intravenous leiomyomatosis (IV-LM), and leiomyoma with bizarre nuclei (LM-BN). Other uterine mesenchymal tumors, such as perivascular epithelioid tumor (PEComa) and inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMFT) are the mimickers of leiomyoma with nuclear atypia. LM-BN is the primary tumor model with a long history in gynecologic pathology, but the histogenesis of LM-BN remains largely unknown. Differentiating LM-BN from other benign variants, tumors with uncertain malignant potential (STUMP), or fully malignant leiomyosarcoma (LMS) can be diagnostically challenging. Recent progress has improved the diagnosis of many types of leiomyoma with nuclear atypia based on their specific histology and molecular alterations. LM-BN is now a diagnosis of exclusion. In this article, I review the history of leiomyoma with nuclear atypia and compare the clinical, histologic, and molecular features of LM-BN with those of its mimics. In particular, I highlight the current progress made in molecular genetics and pitfalls in the diagnosis of different myogenic tumors with nuclear atypia.
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Roulleaux Dugage M, Nassif EF, Italiano A, Bahleda R. Improving Immunotherapy Efficacy in Soft-Tissue Sarcomas: A Biomarker Driven and Histotype Tailored Review. Front Immunol 2021; 12:775761. [PMID: 34925348 PMCID: PMC8678134 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.775761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-PD-(L)1 therapies yield a disappointing response rate of 15% across soft-tissue sarcomas, even if some subtypes benefit more than others. The proportions of TAMs and TILs in their tumor microenvironment are variable, and this heterogeneity correlates to histotype. Tumors with a richer CD8+ T cell, M1 macrophage, and CD20+ cells infiltrate have a better prognosis than those infiltrated by M0/M2 macrophages and a high immune checkpoint protein expression. PD-L1 and CD8+ infiltrate seem correlated to response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), but tertiary lymphoid structures have the best predictive value and have been validated prospectively. Trials for combination therapies are ongoing and focus on the association of ICI with chemotherapy, achieving encouraging results especially with pembrolizumab and doxorubicin at an early stage, or ICI with antiangiogenics. A synergy with oncolytic viruses is seen and intratumoral talimogene laherpavec yields an impressive 35% ORR when associated to pembrolizumab. Adoptive cellular therapies are also of great interest in tumors with a high expression of cancer-testis antigens (CTA), such as synovial sarcomas or myxoid round cell liposarcomas with an ORR ranging from 20 to 50%. It seems crucial to adapt the design of clinical trials to histology. Leiomyosarcomas are characterized by complex genomics but are poorly infiltrated by immune cells and do not benefit from ICI. They should be tested with PIK3CA/AKT inhibition, IDO blockade, or treatments aiming at increasing antigenicity (radiotherapy, PARP inhibitors). DDLPS are more infiltrated and have higher PD-L1 expression, but responses to ICI remain variable across clinical studies. Combinations with MDM2 antagonists or CDK4/6 inhibitors may improve responses for DDLPS. UPS harbor the highest copy number alterations (CNA) and mutation rates, with a rich immune infiltrate containing TLS. They have a promising 15-40% ORR to ICI. Trials for ICB should focus on immune-high UPS. Association of ICI with FGFR inhibitors warrants further exploration in the immune-low group of UPS. Finally translocation-related sarcomas are heterogeneous, and although synovial sarcomas a poorly infiltrated and have a poor response rate to ICI, ASPS largely benefit from ICB monotherapy or its association with antiangiogenics agents. Targeting specific neoantigens through vaccine or adoptive cellular therapies is probably the most promising approach in synovial sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Roulleaux Dugage
- Département d’Innovation Thérapeutique et des Essais Précoces (DITEP), Gustave Roussy, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Elise F. Nassif
- Département d’Innovation Thérapeutique et des Essais Précoces (DITEP), Gustave Roussy, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Antoine Italiano
- Département d’Innovation Thérapeutique et des Essais Précoces (DITEP), Gustave Roussy, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Département d’Oncologie Médicale, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France
| | - Rastislav Bahleda
- Département d’Innovation Thérapeutique et des Essais Précoces (DITEP), Gustave Roussy, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
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Khumukcham SS, Manavathi B. Two decades of a protooncogene HPIP/PBXIP1: Uncovering the tale from germ cell to cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188576. [PMID: 34090932 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic PBX interacting protein (HPIP or pre-B-cell leukemia transcription factor interacting protein (PBXIP1) was discovered two decades ago as a corepressor of pre-B-cell leukemia homeobox (PBX) 1 with a vital functional role in hematopoiesis. Later it emerged as a potential biomarker of poor prognosis and tumorigenesis for more than a dozen different cancers. It regulates aggressive cancer phenotypes, cell proliferation, metastasis, EMT, etc. The anomaly in the regulation of HPIP is linked with physiological disorders like renal fibrosis, chronic kidney disease and osteoarthritis. Scientists have unraveled more than twenty interacting proteins of HPIP and its functional role in various physiological and cellular processes that involves normal neuronal development, embryogenesis, endometrium decidualization, and germ cell proliferation. Over the past 20 years, we have witnessed the emerging role of HPIP and its association with a myriad of cellular activities ranging from germ cell proliferation to cancer aggressiveness, modulating multitude of signaling cascades like TGF-β1, PI3K/AKT, Wnt, mTOR, and Sonic hedgehog signaling pathways. This review will give the current understanding of HPIP, in terms of its diverse functions, theoretical ideas, and further explore cellular links and promising areas that need to be investigated. We also provide a comprehensive overview of the transcript variants of HPIP and distinct sets of transcription factors regulating their expression, which may help to understand the role of HPIP in various cellular or physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saratchandra Singh Khumukcham
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Bramanandam Manavathi
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
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Gao T, Finkelman BS, Ban Y, Li Y, Yin P, Bulun SE, Lu X, Ha C, Wei JJ. Integrated histologic and molecular analysis of uterine leiomyosarcoma and 2 benign variants with nuclear atypia. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:2046-2059. [PMID: 33338329 PMCID: PMC8088951 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Uterine leiomyosarcoma (LMS) is a rare but deadly disease. Due to poor understanding of the molecular and genetic causes of the disease, the diagnosis of LMS has been based primarily on histology. Nuclear atypia is one of hallmarks in LMS, however, it also occurs in 2 clinically benign variants, including smooth muscle tumors with fumarate hydratase alteration (SMT‐FH) and leiomyoma with bizarre nuclei (LM‐BN). In addition to nuclear atypia, many well recognized biomarkers used for LMS are also frequently overexpressed in LM‐BN, and the histogenesis and molecular natures for LM‐BN and LMS remain largely unknown. To characterize the molecular profiling of LMS, SMT‐FH, and LM‐BN, we performed integrated comprehensive genomic profiling including whole‐genome sequencing (WGS) and RNA sequencing and genomic microarray analyses to assess genome‐wide copy number alterations (CNAs) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in all 3 tumor types. We found that both LM‐BN and LMS showed genomic instability and harbored extensive CNAs throughout the whole genome. By contrast, the SMT‐FH presented its characteristic 1q43‐44 deletions in all cases tested, with minimal CNAs in the rest of genomic regions. Further analyses revealed that LMS and LM‐BN groups showed similar patterns of CNAs that are tended to cluster together and separated from the SMT‐FH group. The integrated molecular profiling enabled the detection of novel and traditional biomarkers and showed excellent discrimination between LM‐BN and LMS. Our study suggests that LM‐BN, despite having similar nuclear atypia to SMT‐FH, showed similar genomic instability but distinct genomic alterations with its malignant counterpart of LMS. The integrated molecular profiling is of clinical importance in characterizing these rare uterine smooth muscle tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, General Hospital, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, China.,Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Brian S Finkelman
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yanli Ban
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yinuo Li
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ping Yin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Serdar E Bulun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xinyan Lu
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chunfang Ha
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, General Hospital, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, China
| | - Jian-Jun Wei
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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Chen S, Zhang J, Sun L, Li X, Bai J, Zhang H, Li T. miR-611 promotes the proliferation, migration and invasion of tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells by targeting FOXN3. Oral Dis 2019; 25:1906-1918. [PMID: 31419344 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The function of miR-611 has not yet been reported. We aimed to investigate the effects of miR-611 on tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) and the underlying mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS The expression level of miR-611 in TSCC tissues was measured using quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Cell proliferation, migration and invasion were examined by performing CCK-8, IncuCyte and Transwell assays. Bioinformatics analyses and microarrays were used to screen for target genes, which were verified using a luciferase reporter assay, RT-qPCR and Western blotting. The xenograft model was used to assess the effects of miR-611 in vivo. RESULTS miR-611 was upregulated in TSCC tissues, which was significantly correlated with TNM stage and negatively associated with the overall survival of patients. In addition, upregulation of miR-611 not only potentiated the proliferation, migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of TSCC cells in vitro, but also promoted tumour growth in vivo. FOXN3 was identified as a candidate target gene of miR-611 and subsequently verified. Finally, miR-611 induced a malignant phenotype of TSCC, which was rescued by overexpression of FOXN3. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that miR-611 is a novel therapeutic target for TSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Chen
- Department of Oral Pathology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyun Zhang
- Department of Oral Pathology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Lisha Sun
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Xuefen Li
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaying Bai
- Department of Oral Pathology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Heyu Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Tiejun Li
- Department of Oral Pathology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
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9
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The PTEN Tumor Suppressor Gene in Soft Tissue Sarcoma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11081169. [PMID: 31416195 PMCID: PMC6721622 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Soft tissue sarcoma (STS) is a rare malignancy of mesenchymal origin classified into more than 50 different subtypes with distinct clinical and pathologic features. Despite the poor prognosis in the majority of patients, only modest improvements in treatment strategies have been achieved, largely due to the rarity and heterogeneity of these tumors. Therefore, the discovery of new prognostic and predictive biomarkers, together with new therapeutic targets, is of enormous interest. Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is a well-known tumor suppressor that commonly loses its function via mutation, deletion, transcriptional silencing, or protein instability, and is frequently downregulated in distinct sarcoma subtypes. The loss of PTEN function has consequent alterations in important pathways implicated in cell proliferation, survival, migration, and genomic stability. PTEN can also interact with other tumor suppressors and oncogenic signaling pathways that have important implications for the pathogenesis in certain STSs. The aim of the present review is to summarize the biological significance of PTEN in STS and its potential role in the development of new therapeutic strategies.
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10
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Rusheen AE, Smadbeck JB, Schimmenti LA, Klee EW, Link MJ, Vasmatzis G, Carlson ML. Proposal for Modification of Cahan's Criteria Utilizing Molecular Genetic Analyses for Cases without Baseline Histopathology: A Unique Method Applicable to Primary Radiosurgery. J Neurol Surg B Skull Base 2018; 80:10-17. [PMID: 30733895 DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1655759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cahan's criteria have been utilized since 1948 to establish causality between prior radiation treatment and the development of secondary malignancy. One major criterion specifies that histological and radiographic evidence collected before and after radiation treatment must confirm separate tumor types; however, pretreatment biopsy is rarely obtained prior to radiosurgery for vestibular schwannoma and many other skull base and cranial lesions. Therefore, in these cases Cahan's criteria cannot be validly applied. Objective This article proposes an update to Cahan's criteria using modern molecular genetic analysis for cases lacking baseline histopathology. Methods Mate-pair sequencing and whole exome sequencing of a cerebellopontine angle undifferentiated high-grade pleomorphic sarcoma (UHGPS) that developed after stereotactic radiosurgery of a presumed benign vestibular schwannoma. Results Mate-pair sequencing and whole exome sequencing of the sarcoma revealed complex chromosomal aberrations. Notably, the tumor contained a deletion in the NF2 gene at 22q12 and an in-frame deletion on exon 5 of the remaining copy of NF2 . Biallelic events impacting NF2 are atypical for UHGPS but are characteristic for vestibular schwannoma. These findings help support the conclusion that the UHGPS arose from a benign vestibular schwannoma all along. Conclusions Next-generation sequencing can be successfully applied to a radiation-induced sarcoma when both the original and malignant tumors harbor separate signature genetic markers. As our understanding of the genetic profile of various tumors expand, we believe that next-generation sequencing and other genomic tools will play an increasingly important role in establishing causality between radiation and the development of secondary malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron E Rusheen
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - James B Smadbeck
- Biomarker Discovery Program, Center of Individualized Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Lisa A Schimmenti
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Eric W Klee
- Biomarker Discovery Program, Center of Individualized Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Michael J Link
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States.,Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - George Vasmatzis
- Biomarker Discovery Program, Center of Individualized Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Matthew L Carlson
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States.,Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
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11
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Cuppens T, Moisse M, Depreeuw J, Annibali D, Colas E, Gil-Moreno A, Huvila J, Carpén O, Zikán M, Matias-Guiu X, Moerman P, Croce S, Lambrechts D, Amant F. Integrated genome analysis of uterine leiomyosarcoma to identify novel driver genes and targetable pathways. Int J Cancer 2017; 142:1230-1243. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tine Cuppens
- Department of Oncology, Gynecologic Oncology; KU Leuven (University of Leuven); Leuven 3000 Belgium
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB; Leuven Belgium
| | - Matthieu Moisse
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics; KU Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - Jeroen Depreeuw
- Department of Oncology, Gynecologic Oncology; KU Leuven (University of Leuven); Leuven 3000 Belgium
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB; Leuven Belgium
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics; KU Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - Daniela Annibali
- Department of Oncology, Gynecologic Oncology; KU Leuven (University of Leuven); Leuven 3000 Belgium
| | - Eva Colas
- Biomedical Research Group in Gynecology, Vall Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERONC; Barcelona Spain
| | - Antonio Gil-Moreno
- Biomedical Research Group in Gynecology, Vall Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERONC; Barcelona Spain
- Gynecological Oncology Department; Vall Hebron University Hospital; Barcelona Spain
| | - Jutta Huvila
- Department of Pathology; University of Turku and Turku University Hospital; Turku Finland
| | - Olli Carpén
- Department of Pathology; University of Turku and Turku University Hospital; Turku Finland
- Department of Pathology and Genome Scale Research Program; University of Helsinki and HUSLAB, Helsinki University Hospital; Helsinki Finland
| | - Michal Zikán
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Gynecological Oncology Center, Charles University in Prague, 1st Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Xavier Matias-Guiu
- Pathological Oncology Group and Pathology Department; Hospital U Arnau de Vilanova, and Hospital U de Bellvitge, IRBLLEIDA and Idibell, University of Lleida, CIBERONC; Lleida Spain
| | - Philippe Moerman
- Department of Pathology; UZ Leuven - KU Leuven (University of Leuven); Leuven B-3000 Belgium
| | - Sabrina Croce
- Department of Biopathology; Institut Bergonié; Bordeaux F-33000 France
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB; Leuven Belgium
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics; KU Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - Frédéric Amant
- Department of Oncology, Gynecologic Oncology; KU Leuven (University of Leuven); Leuven 3000 Belgium
- Centre for Gynecologic Oncology Amsterdam (CGOA), Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek - Netherlands Cancer Institute; Amsterdam The Netherlands
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12
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Soini Y. Epigenetic and genetic changes in soft tissue sarcomas: a review. APMIS 2016; 124:925-934. [PMID: 27670825 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Soft tissue sarcomas are a versatile group of tumors with a proposed origin from mesenchymal stem cells. During recent years, the molecular biologic mechanisms behind the histogenesis of these tumors have become clearer. In addition to translocations and other genomic changes, epigenetic mechanisms have been shown to be greatly involved in the histogenesis of sarcomas as well as other cancers. Even though the molecular mechanisms behind sarcomas appear to be more complex than previously expected, epigenetic mechanisms bring new opportunities and means for the treatment of these complex diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ylermi Soini
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio and Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
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13
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Liu L, Huang J, Wang K, Li L, Li Y, Yuan J, Wei S. Identification of hallmarks of lung adenocarcinoma prognosis using whole genome sequencing. Oncotarget 2016; 6:38016-28. [PMID: 26497366 PMCID: PMC4741981 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In conjunction with clinical characteristics, prognostic biomarkers are essential for choosing optimal therapies to lower the mortality of lung adenocarcinoma. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) of 7 cancerous-noncancerous tissue pairs was performed to explore the comparative copy number variations (CNVs) associated with lung adenocarcinoma. The frequencies of top ranked CNVs were verified in an independent set of 114 patients and then the roles of target CNVs in disease prognosis were assessed in 313 patients. The WGS yielded 2604 CNVs. After frequency validation and biological function screening of top 10 CNVs, 9 mutant driver genes from 7 CNVs were further analyzed for an association with survival. Compared with the PBXIP1 amplified copy number, unamplified carriers had a 0.62-fold (95%CI = 0.43–0.91) decreased risk of death. Compared with an amplified TERT, those with an unamplified TERT had a 35% reduction (95% CI = 3%–56%) in risk of lung adenocarcinoma progression. Cases with both unamplified PBXIP1 and TERT had a median 34.32-month extension of overall survival and 34.55-month delay in disease progression when compared with both amplified CNVs. This study demonstrates that CNVs of TERT and PBXIP1 have the potential to translate into the clinic and be used to improve outcomes for patients with this fatal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Jiao Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yangkai Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Jingsong Yuan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sheng Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
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14
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Roland CL, May CD, Watson KL, Al Sannaa GA, Dineen SP, Feig R, Landers S, Ingram DR, Wang WL, Guadagnolo BA, Feig B, Hunt KK, Cormier JN, Lazar AJ, Torres KE. Analysis of Clinical and Molecular Factors Impacting Oncologic Outcomes in Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2016; 23:2220-8. [PMID: 26847678 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-016-5115-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcomas (UPS) present a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Identification of prognostic molecular markers is required for the discovery of novel treatment approaches. The purpose of this study was to correlate clinicopathologic variables, expression of tyrosine kinase receptors, and markers of cell cycle progression and survival with oncologic outcomes. METHODS A tissue microarray containing 208 primary UPS samples was analyzed by immunohistochemistry for protein markers and in situ hybridization for microRNA. Staining results were correlated with clinicopathologic features and oncologic outcomes. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to assess associations between expression of protein markers, mi-RNA, and outcome. RESULTS At a median follow-up of 3.9 years (9 years for survivors), 5-year disease-specific survival (DSS) was 63 %. Clinical variables associated with improved DSS included age <61 years, tumor size <10 cm, margin-negative resection, and sporadic-tumor status. At the protein level, loss of cyclin D1 (p = 0.06), pEGFR (p = 0.023), pIGF-1R (p = 0.022), and PTEN (p < 0.001) and overexpression of AXL (p = 0.015) were associated with reduced DSS on univariate analysis. Ki67, PCNA, and pEGFR were more highly expressed in sporadic UPS than radiation-associated (RA-UPS), whereas RA-UPS samples expressed higher levels of both phosphorylated and total IGF-1R. DISCUSSION Loss of cyclin D1, overexpression of AXL, and loss of PTEN are associated with poor cancer-specific outcomes and warrant further investigation in UPS. The differences in protein expression in sporadic versus RA-UPS may indicate that the activated molecular signaling nodes may be different for each specific histology and also could explain the aggressive phenotype seen in RA-UPS compared with the sporadic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina L Roland
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Caitlin D May
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston - Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kelsey L Watson
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ghadah A Al Sannaa
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sean P Dineen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rachel Feig
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sharon Landers
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Davis R Ingram
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wei-Lien Wang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - B Ashleigh Guadagnolo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Barry Feig
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kelly K Hunt
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Janice N Cormier
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alexander J Lazar
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Keila E Torres
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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15
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Lim J, Poulin NM, Nielsen TO. New Strategies in Sarcoma: Linking Genomic and Immunotherapy Approaches to Molecular Subtype. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21:4753-9. [PMID: 26330427 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-0831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There are more than 100 sarcoma subtypes, each uncommon and diagnostically challenging. Conventional chemotherapy has little benefit for most soft-tissue sarcomas; new treatment strategies are needed. Multiple recent genomic studies have provided detailed insights into sarcoma biology, including more accurate classification by molecular subtype, identification of recurrent mutations in oncogenic pathways, and evidence of epigenetic dysregulation. Advances in immunotherapy (adoptive immune cell transfer, tumor vaccine strategies, and immune checkpoint inhibition) have also provided a better understanding of how immuno-oncology might best be applied to sarcoma treatment, including connections to oncogenic pathways that may support combination strategies with conventional and targeted therapies. In this article, we review the latest sarcoma genomic studies and immuno-oncology developments and discuss how the findings suggest potential strategies to improve diagnosis and treatment across multiple sarcoma subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Lim
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Neal M Poulin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Torsten O Nielsen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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16
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Öztürk H. Prognostic features of renal sarcomas (Review). Oncol Lett 2014; 9:1034-1038. [PMID: 25663853 PMCID: PMC4315065 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present review was to evaluate the prognostic features of primary sarcomas of the kidney. A literature review was conducted using a number of databases, including Medline (PubMed) and Scopus, for studies published between January 1992 and December 2013. Of the studies published in English, those describing the prognostic features of primary sarcomas of the kidney were recorded. The electronic search was limited to the following keywords: Sarcoma, renal sarcoma, prognosis, diagnosis, immunohistochemistry, genetic and survey. Subsequent to the search, no review articles and/or meta-analyses associated with the prognosis of primary sarcomas of the kidney were identified. In total, 31 studies, which consisted of case studies, case series and studies concerned with the overall prognosis of urological soft-tissue sarcomas, were reviewed. Primary sarcoma of the kidney has a poor prognosis compared with other sarcomas of the urogenital system. In addition to the surgical excision of renal sarcomas, pathological, molecular and genetic prognostic factors are also considered. Due to the small number of cases, previous studies have not randomized the prognostic features of primary sarcomas of the kidney. The elucidation of the so-called ‘chaotic’ genetic and molecular basis of renal sarcomas will help to predict patient prognoses. Surgical excision is the most significant parameter for determining the prognosis of sarcomas of the kidney. However, sarcomas also exhibit prognostic features that are based upon pathological, genetic and molecular factors. The present review suggests that additional factors may be important in predicting the prognosis of patients with renal sarcomas, and that clinicians should plan treatment and follow-up regimens according to these factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Öztürk
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Sifa University, Izmir 35240, Turkey
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17
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Silveira SM, da Cunha IW, Marchi FA, Busso AF, Lopes A, Rogatto SR. Genomic screening of testicular germ cell tumors from monozygotic twins. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2014; 9:181. [PMID: 25424124 PMCID: PMC4254261 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-014-0181-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) account for 1-2% of all tumors in young and middle aged men. A 75-fold increase in TCGT development has been reported for monozygotic (MZ) twins. Therefore, the occurrence of simultaneous tumors in MZ twins emphasizes the importance of genetic factors that influence the risk of developing these tumors. Genomic screening was performed for one family containing MZ twins with testicular germ cell tumors, in order to define alterations associated with risk of tumor development. METHODS Copy number alterations were evaluated using array-CGH (4x44K, Agilent Technologies) in one seminoma and one embryonal carcinoma (EC) from MZ twins. In addition, genomic alterations from the tumors and peripheral blood cells of the twins were compared to the parental genomes via their peripheral blood cells. RESULTS Embryonal carcinoma (Twin-1 t) presented a lower frequency of genomic alterations compared to the seminoma (Twin-2 t). One minimal common region of loss was observed in 9p13.1-p12 in the comparison between DNA from blood samples for Twin-1 and Twin-2. In this region is mapped the CNTNAP3 gene which was confirmed as involved in losses by qPCR. Comparative analysis of novel CNVs between the Twin-1 t and Twin-2 t showed five minimal common regions involving gain at chromosomes 12 (12p12.3-p11.1 and 12p13.33-p12.3), while losses were observed at 10p15.3-p15.2, 13q21.1-q21.2 and 15q11.1-q11.2. In addition, one exclusive rare copy number alteration was detected in Twin-1 t and Twin-2 t, and 19 novel alterations were identified in the Twin-2 t. CONCLUSION Distinct genomic profiles for MZ twins with phenotypically different TGCT were described. Of particular interest, 12p gains were detected exclusively in tumor samples. In peripheral blood samples, loss of 9p13.1-p12 was the unique novel CNV shared by the twins, confirming the involvement of CNTNAP3 gene in TGCTs development. Although similar CNV profiles were shared by both the peripheral blood and tumor samples of the twins, tumor-specific CNV loci were identified for seminoma and non-seminomatous tumors. These findings suggest the presence of de novo germline structural alterations and TGCT predisposition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fabio Albuquerque Marchi
- Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, Inter-Institutional Program on Bioinformatics, USP, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Ademar Lopes
- Nucleus of Sarcoma, Department of Pelvic Surgery, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Silvia Regina Rogatto
- Neogene Laboratory, CIPE, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil. .,Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
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18
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Akagi EM, Lavorato-Rocha AM, Maia BDM, Rodrigues IS, Carvalho KC, Stiepcich MM, Baiocchi G, Sato-Kuwabara Y, Rogatto SR, Soares FA, Rocha RM. ROCK1 as a novel prognostic marker in vulvar cancer. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:822. [PMID: 25380619 PMCID: PMC4232714 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vulvar carcinoma is an infrequent tumour, accounting for fewer than 3% of all malignant tumours that affect women, but its incidence is rising in the past few decades. In young women, the manifestation of the vulvar carcinoma is often linked to risk factors such as smoking and HPV infection, but most cases develop in women aged over 50 years through poorly understood genetic mechanisms. Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinase 1 (ROCK1) has been implicated in many cellular processes, but its function in vulvar cancer has never been examined. In this study, we aimed to determine the prognostic value of ROCK1 gene and protein analysis in vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC). Methods ROCK1 expression levels were measured in 16 vulvar tumour samples and adjacent normal tissue by qRT-PCR. Further, 96 VSCC samples were examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) to confirm the involvement of ROCK1 in the disease. The molecular and pathological results were correlated with the clinical data of the patients. Sixteen fresh VSCC samples were analyzed by array-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH). Results In each pair of samples, ROCK1 levels were higher by qRT-PCR in normal tissue compared with the tumour samples (p = 0.016). By IHC, 100% of invasive front areas of the tumour and 95.8% of central tumour areas were positive for ROCK1. Greater expression of ROCK1 was associated with the absence of lymph node metastasis (p = 0.022) and a lower depth of invasion (p = 0.002). In addition, higher ROCK1 levels correlated with greater recurrence-free survival (p = 0.001). Loss of ROCK1 was independently linked to worse cancer-specific survival (p = 0.0054) by multivariate analysis. This finding was validated by IHC, which demonstrated enhanced protein expression in normal versus tumour tissue (p < 0.001). By aCGH, 42.9% of samples showed a gain in copy number of the ROCK1 gene. Conclusions ROCK1 is lower expressed in tumour tissue when compared with adjacent normal vulvar epithelia. In an independent sample set of VSCCs, lower expression levels of ROCK1 correlated with worse survival rates and a poor prognosis. These findings provide important information for the clinical management of vulvar cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rafael M Rocha
- Molecular Morphology Laboratory, Investigative Pathology, AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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19
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Charli-Joseph Y, Saggini A, Doyle LA, Fletcher CD, Weier J, Mirza S, Vemula S, LeBoit PE. DNA copy number changes in tumors within the spectrum of cellular, atypical, and metastasizing fibrous histiocytoma. J Am Acad Dermatol 2014; 71:256-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2014.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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20
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Villacis RAR, Silveira SM, Barros-Filho MC, Marchi FA, Domingues MAC, Scapulatempo-Neto C, Aguiar S, Lopes A, Cunha IW, Rogatto SR. Gene expression profiling in leiomyosarcomas and undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcomas: SRC as a new diagnostic marker. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102281. [PMID: 25028927 PMCID: PMC4100821 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma (UPS) and high-grade Leiomyosarcoma (LMS) are soft tissue tumors with an aggressive clinical behavior, frequently developing local recurrence and distant metastases. Despite several gene expression studies involving soft tissue sarcomas, the potential to identify molecular markers has been limited, mostly due to small sample size, in-group heterogeneity and absence of detailed clinical data. Materials and Methods Gene expression profiling was performed for 22 LMS and 22 UPS obtained from untreated patients. To assess the relevance of the gene signature, a meta-analysis was performed using five published studies. Four genes (BAD, MYOCD, SRF and SRC) selected from the gene signature, meta-analysis and functional in silico analysis were further validated by quantitative PCR. In addition, protein-protein interaction analysis was applied to validate the data. SRC protein immunolabeling was assessed in 38 UPS and 52 LMS. Results We identified 587 differentially expressed genes between LMS and UPS, of which 193 corroborated with other studies. Cluster analysis of the data failed to discriminate LMS from UPS, although it did reveal a distinct molecular profile for retroperitoneal LMS, which was characterized by the over-expression of smooth muscle-specific genes. Significantly higher levels of expression for BAD, SRC, SRF, and MYOCD were confirmed in LMS when compared with UPS. SRC was the most value discriminator to distinguish both sarcomas and presented the highest number of interaction in the in silico protein-protein analysis. SRC protein labeling showed high specificity and a positive predictive value therefore making it a candidate for use as a diagnostic marker in LMS. Conclusions Retroperitoneal LMS presented a unique gene signature. SRC is a putative diagnostic marker to differentiate LMS from UPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolando A. R. Villacis
- Neogene Laboratory, Research Center (CIPE), A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sara M. Silveira
- Neogene Laboratory, Research Center (CIPE), A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mateus C. Barros-Filho
- Neogene Laboratory, Research Center (CIPE), A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabio A. Marchi
- Inter-Institutional Grad Program on Bioinformatics, Mathematics and Statistics Institute, USP - University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria A. C. Domingues
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Samuel Aguiar
- Department of Pelvic Surgery, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ademar Lopes
- Department of Pelvic Surgery, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabela W. Cunha
- Department of Pathology, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvia R. Rogatto
- Neogene Laboratory, Research Center (CIPE), A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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