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Nirmala C, Sridevi M, Aishwarya A, Perara R, Sathiyanarayanan Y. Pharmacological Prospects of Morin Conjugated Selenium Nanoparticles-Evaluation of Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Thrombolytic, and Anticancer Activities. BIONANOSCIENCE 2023:1-14. [PMID: 37361102 PMCID: PMC10169122 DOI: 10.1007/s12668-023-01116-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Abstract Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) have gained wide importance in the scientific community and have emerged as an optimistic therapeutic carrier agent for targeted drug delivery. In the present study, the effectiveness of nano selenium conjugated with Morin (Ba-SeNp-Mo) produced from endophytic bacteria Bacillus endophyticus reported in our earlier research was tested against various Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacterial pathogens and fungal pathogens that showed good zone of inhibition against all selected pathogens. Antioxidant activities of these NPs were studied by 1, 1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-Azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiozoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide (O2-), and nitric oxide (NO) radical scavenging assays that exhibited dose-dependent free radical scavenging activity with IC50 values 6.92 ± 1.0, 16.85 ± 1.39, 31.60 ± 1.36, 18.87 ± 1.46, and 6.95 ± 1.27 μg/mL. The efficiency of DNA cleavage and thrombolytic activity of Ba-SeNp-Mo were also studied. The antiproliferative effect of Ba-SeNp-Mo was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay in COLON-26 cell lines that resulted in IC50 value of 63.11 μg/mL. Further increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels up to 2.03 and significant early, late and necrotic cells were also observed in AO/EtBr assay. CASPASE 3 expression was upregulated to 1.22 (40 μg/mL) and 1.85 (80 μg/mL) fold. Thus, the current investigation suggested that the Ba-SeNp-Mo has offered remarkable pharmacological activity. Graphical Abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Nirmala
- Department of Biotechnology, Paavai Engineering College, Paavai Institutions, Namakkal, Tamilnadu India
| | - M. Sridevi
- Department of Biotechnology, Vinayaka Mission’s Kirupananda Variyar Engineering College, Vinayaka Mission’s Research Foundation (Deemed to be University), Salem, Tamilnadu India
| | - A. Aishwarya
- Department of Biotechnology, Vinayaka Mission’s Kirupananda Variyar Engineering College, Vinayaka Mission’s Research Foundation (Deemed to be University), Salem, Tamilnadu India
| | - Richard Perara
- Department of Biotechnology, Vinayaka Mission’s Kirupananda Variyar Engineering College, Vinayaka Mission’s Research Foundation (Deemed to be University), Salem, Tamilnadu India
| | - Y. Sathiyanarayanan
- Department of Biotechnology, Vinayaka Mission’s Kirupananda Variyar Engineering College, Vinayaka Mission’s Research Foundation (Deemed to be University), Salem, Tamilnadu India
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Cytotoxicity and Molecular Alterations Induced by Scorpion Venom Antimicrobial Peptide Smp43 in Breast Cancer Cell Lines MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7. Int J Pept Res Ther 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-022-10474-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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3
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Shen R, Li X, Chen Y, Yang A, Kou X. Xanthone derivatives as potential telomeric G-quadruplex stabilizing and cytotoxic agents: Effects of substitution on quadruplex binding affinity and cytotoxicity. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Dhara S, Chakraborty K. Apoptotic effect of sulfated galactofucan from marine macroalga Turbinaria ornata on hepatocellular and ductal carcinoma cells. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 203:113363. [PMID: 35944609 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tumor protein or cellular tumor antigen p53, is considered a critical transcriptional regulation factor, which can suppress the growth of tumor cells by activating other functional genes. The current study appraised the p53 activation pathways, which could be used as an alternative therapeutic strategy for the treatment of hepatocellular and ductal carcinoma. Algal polysaccharides have been used as emerging sources of bioactive natural pharmacophores. A sulfated galactofucan characterized as [→1)-O-4-sulfonato-α-fucopyranose-(3 → 1)-α-fucopyranose-(3→] as the main branch with [→1)-6-O-acetyl-β-galactopyranose-(4→] as side chain isolated from marine macroalga Turbinaria ornata exhibited prospective apoptosis on HepG2 (hepatocellular carcinoma) and MCF7 (ductal carcinoma) cells. Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate-propidium iodide study displayed higher early apoptosis in MCF7 and HepG2 cell lines (56 and 24.2%, respectively) treated with TOP-3 (at IC50 concentration) than those administered with standard camptothecin. Upregulation of the p53 gene expression was perceived in TOP-3 treated HepG2 and MCF7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhajit Dhara
- Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Ernakulam North, P.B. No. 1603, Cochin, India; Department of Chemistry, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574199, Karnataka State, India
| | - Kajal Chakraborty
- Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Ernakulam North, P.B. No. 1603, Cochin, India.
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Monga J, Suthar SK, Rohila D, Joseph A, Chauhan CS, Sharma M. (+)-Cyanidan-3-ol inhibits epidermoid squamous cell carcinoma growth via inhibiting AKT/mTOR signaling through modulating CIP2A-PP2A axis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 101:154116. [PMID: 35525235 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite recent advances in the treatment of squamous cell skin cancer (SCSC), the disease persists, and treatment resistance develops. Thus, identifying new targets and developing new therapeutic approaches showing low vulnerability to drug resistance is highly needed. PURPOSE This study aimed to reveal a novel targeted phytotherapeutic strategy for SCSC treatment alone or in combination with standard targeted anticancer molecules. STUDY DESIGN A library of natural products was utilized to identify molecules that inhibit the growth of skin cancer cells. The anticancer potential of the selected compound was evaluated in human skin squamous carcinoma models, in vitro and in vivo. A comprehensive ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) strategy and molecular biology technology was adopted to investigate the therapeutic mechanisms in human SCSC. METHODS The Matrigel invasion chamber, foci formation and soft agar colony formation assays were employed to study the cells invasion and migration potential in vitro. In vivo antitumor effects were evaluated in DMBA/TPA-induced skin papilloma and A431 human skin squamous carcinoma xenograft tumor models. An integrative IPA was employed to identify mechanisms and protein targets in human SCSC.Compounds synergies were determined by the bliss model and evaluated using human SCSC cell lines and xenograft tumors. Histological staining, immunofluorescence imaging, real-time PCR, Western blots, and flow cytometric analyses were employed to analyze apoptosis and cell signaling mechanisms. RESULTS We identified (+)-cyanidan-3-ol (CD-3) as a selective compound for inhibiting the growth of SCSC cell lines. CD-3 inhibited tumor growth and burden without apparent toxicity and prolonged the survival of tumor-bearing mice. CD-3 inhibitory effects on SCSC growth are mediated via cell cycle arrest and caspase-dependent apoptosis induction. Mechanistic studies showed that CD-3 activates PP2A via inhibiting CIP2A and produces tumor growth inhibitory effects via promoting dephosphorylation of oncogenic AKT/mTOR signaling proteins in SCSC cells and xenograft tumors in a PP2A dependent manner. Furthermore, the combination of CD-3 and mTOR inhibitors (mTORi) synergistically reduced oncogenic phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that PP2A activation is an effective strategy for SCSC treatment and the CD-3 and mTORi combination may serve as a promising treatment for SCSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitender Monga
- Department of Pharmacy, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Solan 173234, India.
| | - Sharad Kumar Suthar
- Department of Pharmacy, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Solan 173234, India.
| | - Deepak Rohila
- Department of Immunology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Alex Joseph
- Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Chetan Singh Chauhan
- Bhupal Nobles' Institue of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bhupal Nobles' University, Udaipur 313001, India
| | - Manu Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Solan 173234, India; College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar Deemed to be University, Mullana 133203, India.
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Shen R, Chen Y, Wu J, Zhao L, Yang A, Kou X. Effect of Bis-Dimethylamine Substitution on DNA Binding Property and Cytotoxic Activity of Polyhydroxyxanthone. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202101021. [PMID: 35324082 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202101021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A bis-dimethylamine substituted xanthone (Xan-2) was obtained by cationic modification of the free C3 and C6 hydroxy groups of 1,3,6-trihydroxyxanthone (Xan-1) which was isolated from Polygala hongkongensis Hemsl.. The results of the spectroscopic analysis, melting profiles, electrophoretic migration, PCR assay and molecular docking indicated that the hydrophobic plane of Xan-1 and Xan-2 could intercalate into the DNA base pairs meanwhile the basic amine alkyl chain of Xan-2 could bind with DNA phosphate framework via electrostatic interaction. Thus, Xan-2 exhibited higher DNA binding affinity than Xan-1. Further study showed that Xan-2 could inhibit the proliferation of HeLa, SGC-7901 and A549 cells effectively by MTT assay and induce apoptosis of HeLa cells as detected by AO/EB staining and flow cytometry assay. Interestingly, Xan-2 exhibited selective cytotoxicity to cells, which was proved by its relatively low inhibitory effect on Raw 264.7 cell. What these studies mean is that disubstituted amine alkyl chains will play an important role in DNA binding property and cytotoxic activity, providing a direction for the development of novel potential antitumor agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Shen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yuhong Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Jianhua Wu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Lihua Zhao
- Tianjin Renai College, Tianjin, 301636, China
| | - Aihong Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Xiaodi Kou
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
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Quero J, Ballesteros LF, Ferreira-Santos P, Velderrain-Rodriguez GR, Rocha CMR, Pereira RN, Teixeira JA, Martin-Belloso O, Osada J, Rodríguez-Yoldi MJ. Unveiling the Antioxidant Therapeutic Functionality of Sustainable Olive Pomace Active Ingredients. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050828. [PMID: 35624692 PMCID: PMC9137791 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Olive pomace (OP) is the main residue that results from olive oil production. OP is rich in bioactive compounds, including polyphenols, so its use in the treatments of diseases related to oxidative stress, such as cancer, could be considered. The present work aimed to study the biological properties of different OP extracts, obtained by ohmic heating-assisted extraction and conventional heating, using water and 50% ethanol, in the treatment and prevention of colorectal cancer through Caco-2 cell models. Additionally, an in-silico analysis was performed to identify the phenolic intestinal absorption and Caco-2 permeability. The extracts were chemically characterized, and it was found that the Ohmic-hydroethanolic (OH-EtOH) extract had the highest antiproliferative effect, probably due to its higher content of phenolic compounds. The OH-EtOH induced potential modifications in the mitochondrial membrane and led to apoptosis by cell cycle arrest in the G1/S phases with activation of p53 and caspase 3 proteins. In addition, this extract protected the intestine against oxidative stress (ROS) caused by H2O2. Therefore, the bioactive compounds present in OP and recovered by applying a green technology such as ohmic-heating, show promising potential to be used in food, nutraceutical, and biomedical applications, reducing this waste and facilitating the circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Quero
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Forensic and Legal Medicine Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain;
| | - Lina F. Ballesteros
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (L.F.B.); (P.F.-S.); (C.M.R.R.); (R.N.P.); (J.A.T.)
- LABBELS–Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Pedro Ferreira-Santos
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (L.F.B.); (P.F.-S.); (C.M.R.R.); (R.N.P.); (J.A.T.)
- LABBELS–Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Gustavo R. Velderrain-Rodriguez
- Alianza Latinoamericana de Nutricion Responsable Inc., 400 E Randolph St Suite 2305, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
- Department of Food Technology, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain;
| | - Cristina M. R. Rocha
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (L.F.B.); (P.F.-S.); (C.M.R.R.); (R.N.P.); (J.A.T.)
- LABBELS–Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Ricardo N. Pereira
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (L.F.B.); (P.F.-S.); (C.M.R.R.); (R.N.P.); (J.A.T.)
- LABBELS–Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - José A. Teixeira
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (L.F.B.); (P.F.-S.); (C.M.R.R.); (R.N.P.); (J.A.T.)
- LABBELS–Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Olga Martin-Belloso
- Department of Food Technology, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain;
| | - Jesús Osada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain;
- CIBERobn, ISCIII, 28029 Madrtid, Spain
- IIS Aragón, IA2, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Jesús Rodríguez-Yoldi
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Forensic and Legal Medicine Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain;
- CIBERobn, ISCIII, 28029 Madrtid, Spain
- IIS Aragón, IA2, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-976-761649
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Kamble SS, Choudhari J, Nimma R, Kumar TVS, Patil KK, Hese SV, Dawane BS, Gacche RN. Chloroxylon swietenia (Roxb.) DC induces cell death and apoptosis by down-regulating the NF-κB pathway in MCF-7 breast cancer cells: In vitro and in vivo investigations. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2022; 5:e1600. [PMID: 35274824 PMCID: PMC9575507 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Natural products with targeted bioactivity have gained major attention in the field of cancer research owing to emerging anti‐cancer drug resistance and off target toxicities. Chloroxylon swietenia (Roxb.) DC is recognized as a folklore medicinal plant and has numerous therapeutic benefits in the folklore medicine system, however the anti‐cancer potential of this plant and its mechanism of action is poorly understood. Aims The aim of the study was to investigate the anti‐breast cancer efficacy of C. swietenia leaves methanol extract (CSLME) against MCF‐7 hormone dependent human breast cancer cell line with possible mechanism of action. Methods and results The anti‐breast cancer activity of CSLME against MCF‐7 cells was assessed by evaluating its efficacy toward cytotoxicity, cell migration, colony formation, DNA fragmentation, apoptosis, cytoskeleton, angiogenesis, cell cycle regulation, and animal toxicity. The preliminary screening of CSLME against MCF‐7 cells revealed the cytotoxicity (IC50 20 μg/ml), inhibited cell migration, colony formation, and angiogenesis. It was observed that CSLME induces apoptosis by nuclear fragmentation and disruption of cytoskeleton by actin derangement. The results of Annexin V‐FITC assay and cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry clearly pointed out the sizable fraction of apoptotic cells, and arrested the cells at G2/M phase of cell cycle. The results of the immunoblotting experiments showed that CSLME activates intrinsic pathway of apoptosis with down regulation of anti‐apoptotic marker like Bcl2, up regulation of pro‐apoptotic markers like Bax & Bad, along with successful cleavage of Caspase‐9 and PARP‐1. Further, western blot analysis revealed the possible down regulation of NF‐κB pathway by CSLME, which may be responsible for anti‐cancer activity in MCF‐7 cells. In vivo animal model studies using NOD‐SCID mice demonstrated impressive anti‐tumor activity with significant reduction in tumor volume of MCF‐7 tumor xenograft. Of note, in‐vivo acute oral toxicity study as per Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development 423 revealed the nontoxic nature of CSLME. Conclusion The in vitro and in vivo findings clearly outline the potential of CSLME as inhibitor of growth and proliferation of MCF‐7 cells. Mechanistically, CSLME seems to activate intrinsic pathway of apoptosis, arrest cell cycle, target actin cytoskeleton, inhibit growth, colony formation, migration, and angiogenesis, with down regulation of NF‐κB pathway leading to cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali S Kamble
- Department of Biochemistry, Gramin Science (Vocational) College, Nanded, India
| | - Jasoda Choudhari
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | | | | | - Kapil K Patil
- Government Medical College & Hospital, Aurangabad, India
| | | | - Bhaskar S Dawane
- School of Chemical Sciences, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded, India
| | - Rajesh N Gacche
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
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Jakhmola S, Jha HC. Glial cell response to Epstein-Barr Virus infection: A plausible contribution to virus-associated inflammatory reactions in the brain. Virology 2021; 559:182-195. [PMID: 33964684 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2021.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) is clinically related to various neurological ailments. The manipulation of neural homeostasis through altered glial cells functions is enigmatic. We investigated EBV mediated nuances in glial cells through direct infection (group-1) or by supplementing them with EBV-infected lymphocytes (PBMCs) supernatant (group-3). Also, the cells were co-cultured with infected PBMCs (group-2). Upon confirmation of infection in U-87 MG through qRT-PCR, the gene expression of crucial molecules was analysed. We reported enhanced expression of IL6 in group-1 and 3 unlike group-2. PBMCs migrated and invaded the matrigel significantly when exposed to group-1 and 3 conditions. Thus, EBV may aid neuroinflammatory reactions through PBMCs infiltration. Also, the exposure of neurons to conditioned supernatant from group-2 caused reduced neuronal healing. Additionally, group-1 milieu contained chemical modulators that induced glial cells death and reduced NF-κB. Conclusively, the three modes of EBV infection can influence glial cells' functions to maneuver the microenvironment distinctly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Jakhmola
- Infection Bio-engineering Group, Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, India
| | - Hem Chandra Jha
- Infection Bio-engineering Group, Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, India.
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Chakraborty K, Francis P. Apoptotic effect of chromanone derivative, hyrtiosone A from marine demosponge Hyrtios erectus in hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. Bioorg Chem 2021; 114:105119. [PMID: 34252861 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor proteins p53 and p27 exhibited a significant role in the survival of cells and regulation of cellular division and growth. In majority of the human tumors, particularly in hepatocellular carcinoma, these proteins are inactivated by mutation or deletion, and are considered to predict the pathophysiology related to liver cancer. The present study evaluated the activation of the p53 and p27 pathways as a useful therapeutic tool to attenuate hepatocellular carcinoma. Three undescribed homologous chromanone derivatives, hyrtiosones A-C were isolated from the organic extract of marine demosponge Hyrtios erectus (family Thorectidae). Preliminary bioactivity assessments found that hyrtiosone A exhibited prospective anti-inflammatory (IC50 1.02-1.86 mM) and antioxidant (IC50 0.74-0.83 mM) properties. Molecular docking analysis of the hyrtiosones using p53-murine double minute complex revealed lesser docking parameters for hyrtiosone A (binding energy -11.12 kcal mol-1, docking score -12.18 kcal mol-1) thereby attributing its greater bioactivity. Hyrtiosone A was furthermore analyzed for in vitro anticancer activity in hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. Morphological assessment of hyrtiosone A treated HepG2 cell line by acridine orange/ethidium bromide fluorescence staining revealed greater number of apoptotic cells, and was found to be comparable with the cells treated with the standard doxorubicin. Further the Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate assay of hyrtiosone A treated HepG2 cell line by flow cytometry displayed greater number of early apoptotic cells (51.24%) than that exhibited by the standard (21.45%). Cell cycle distribution analysis showed that hyrtiosone A arrested the S and G2/M phase of cell cycle and upregulate the gene expression of p53 and p27 in hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kajal Chakraborty
- Marine Bioprospecting Section of Marine Biotechnology Division, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Ernakulam North, P.B. No. 1603, Cochin 682018, Kerala State, India.
| | - Prima Francis
- Marine Bioprospecting Section of Marine Biotechnology Division, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Ernakulam North, P.B. No. 1603, Cochin 682018, Kerala State, India
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Induction of sub-G0 arrest and apoptosis by seed extract of Moringa peregrina (Forssk.) Fiori in cervical and prostate cancer cell lines. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE-JIM 2019; 17:410-422. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2019.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Anti-cancer effects of polyphenols via targeting p53 signaling pathway: updates and future directions. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 38:107385. [PMID: 31004736 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The anticancer effects of polyphenols are ascribed to several signaling pathways including the tumor suppressor gene tumor protein 53 (p53). Expression of endogenous p53 is silent in various types of cancers. A number of polyphenols from a wide variety of dietary sources could upregulate p53 expression in several cancer cell lines through distinct mechanisms of action. The aim of this review is to focus the significance of p53 signaling pathways and to provide molecular intuitions of dietary polyphenols in chemoprevention by monitoring p53 expression that have a prominent role in tumor suppression.
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Prabakaran S, Jeyaraj M, Nagaraj A, Sadasivuni KK, Rajan M. Polymethyl methacrylate–ovalbumin @ graphene oxide drug carrier system for high anti-proliferative cancer drug delivery. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-019-00950-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Athinarayanan J, Periasamy VS, Krishnamoorthy R, Alshatwi AA. Evaluation of antibacterial and cytotoxic properties of green synthesized Cu2O/Graphene nanosheets. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 93:242-253. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.07.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Manatunga DC, de Silva RM, de Silva KMN, Wijeratne DT, Malavige GN, Williams G. Fabrication of 6-gingerol, doxorubicin and alginate hydroxyapatite into a bio-compatible formulation: enhanced anti-proliferative effect on breast and liver cancer cells. Chem Cent J 2018; 12:119. [PMID: 30470922 PMCID: PMC6768026 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-018-0482-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ample attention has been devoted to the construction of anti-cancer drug delivery systems with increased stability, and controlled and targeted delivery, minimizing toxic effects. In this study we have designed a magnetically attractive hydroxyapatite (m-HAP) based alginate polymer bound nanocarrier to perform targeted, controlled and pH sensitive drug release of 6-gingerol, doxorubicin, and their combination, preferably at low pH environments (pH 5.3). They have exhibited higher encapsulation efficiency which is in the range of 97.4-98.9% for both 6-gingerol and doxorubicin molecules whereas the co-loading has accounted for a value of 81.87 ± 0.32%. Cell proliferation assays, fluorescence imaging and flow cytometric analysis, demonstrated the remarkable time and dose responsive anti-proliferative effect of drug loaded nanoparticles on MCF-7 cells and HEpG2 cells compared with their neat counter parts. Also, these systems have exhibited significantly reduced toxic effects on non-targeted, non-cancerous cells in contrast to the excellent ability to selectively kill cancerous cells. This study has suggested that this HAP based system is a versatile carrier capable of loading various drug molecules, ultimately producing a profound anti-proliferative effect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rohini M. de Silva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colombo, Colombo, 00300 Sri Lanka
| | - K. M. Nalin de Silva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colombo, Colombo, 00300 Sri Lanka
- Sri Lanka Institute of Nanotechnology (SLINTEC), Nanotechnology & Science Park, Mahenwatte, Pitipana, Homagama, 10206 Sri Lanka
| | - Dulharie T. Wijeratne
- Centre for Dengue Research, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, 10250 Sri Lanka
| | - Gathsaurie Neelika Malavige
- Centre for Dengue Research, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, 10250 Sri Lanka
| | - Gareth Williams
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX UK
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16
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Liu S, Xu M, Zhu C, Zhao Q, Zhou F. Taste receptor T1R1/T1R3 promotes the tumoricidal activity of hepatic CD49a + CD49b - natural killer cells. Eur J Immunol 2018; 48:2031-2041. [PMID: 30259960 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201847688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Natural Killer (NK) cell-based immunotherapy is a promising approach to treat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The mechanisms underlying the regulation of NK cell activity are not completely understood. In this research, we identified the expression of taste receptor type 1 member 1 (T1R1) and taste receptor type 1 member 3 (T1R3) in a subset of hepatic NK cells in a mouse HCC model. T1R1 and T1R3 were selectively expressed in CD49a+ CD49b- NK cells in livers with HCC. In the in vitro cytotoxicity assay, amino acids promoted the tumoricidal effect of CD49a+ CD49b- NK cells through increasing the production of perforin, granzyme B and IFN-γ. Furthermore, using a lentivirus to induce the expression of exogenous T1R1 and T1R3 in normal hepatic NK cells, we found that amino acids enhanced NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity on tumor cells through the T1R1/T1R3 receptor, as demonstrated by more tumor cell lysis, up-regulation of perforin and granzyme B in comparison with control NK cells. In addition, amino acids activated Akt and mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling in NK cells through T1R1/T1R3 receptor. T-bet expression in NK cells was also increased by amino acid treatment. Therefore, T1R1/T1R3 receptor promotes the tumoricidal activity of hepatic CD49a+ CD49b- NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoping Liu
- Medical Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chengliang Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiu Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory for Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory for Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
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Manatunga DC, de Silva RM, de Silva KMN, Malavige GN, Wijeratne DT, Williams GR, Jayasinghe CD, Udagama PV. Effective delivery of hydrophobic drugs to breast and liver cancer cells using a hybrid inorganic nanocarrier: A detailed investigation using cytotoxicity assays, fluorescence imaging and flow cytometry. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 128:18-26. [PMID: 29625162 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study was focused on developing a drug carrier system composed of a polymer containing hydroxyapatite (HAp) shell and a magnetic core of iron oxide nanoparticles. Doxorubicin and/or curcumin were loaded into the carrier via a simple diffusion deposition approach, with encapsulation efficiencies (EE) for curcumin and doxorubicin of 93.03 ± 0.3% and 97.37 ± 0.12% respectively. The co-loading of curcumin and doxorubicin led to a total EE of 76.02 ± 0.48%. Release studies were carried out at pH 7.4 and 5.3, and revealed a greater extent of release at pH 5.3, showing the formulations to have potential applications in tumor microenvironments. Cytotoxicity assays, fluorescence imaging and flow cytometry demonstrated that the formulations could effectively inhibit the growth of MCF-7 (breast) and HEpG2 (liver) cancer cells, being more potent than the free drug molecules both in terms of dose and duration of action. Additionally, hemolysis tests and cytotoxicity evaluations determined the drug-loaded carriers to be non-toxic towards non-cancerous cells. These formulations thus have great potential in the development of new cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rohini M de Silva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colombo, Colombo 00300, Sri Lanka.
| | - K M Nalin de Silva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colombo, Colombo 00300, Sri Lanka; Sri Lanka Institute of Nanotechnology (SLINTEC), Nanotechnology & Science Park, Mahenwatte, Pitipana, Homagama 10206, Sri Lanka
| | - Gathsaurie Neelika Malavige
- Center for Dengue Research, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, 10250, Sri Lanka
| | - Dulharie T Wijeratne
- Center for Dengue Research, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, 10250, Sri Lanka
| | - Gareth R Williams
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | | | - Preethi V Udagama
- Department of Zoology, University of Colombo, Colombo 00300, Sri Lanka
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18
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Demethoxycurcumin mediated targeting of MnSOD leading to activation of apoptotic pathway and inhibition of Akt/NF-κB survival signalling in human glioma U87 MG cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 345:75-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Flavonoids Effects on Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Murine Models: A Systematic Review. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:6328970. [PMID: 29681978 PMCID: PMC5850900 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6328970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second most common cause of cancer deaths worldwide. It occurs primarily as manifestation of other pathological processes, such as viral hepatitis, cirrhosis, and toxin exposure that affect directly the cellular process. Studies were selected from PubMed and Scopus databases according to the PRISMA statement. The research filters were constructed using three parameters: flavonoids, hepatocellular carcinoma, and animal model. The bias analysis of the 34 selected works was done using the ARRIVE guidelines. The most widely used flavonoid in the studies was epigallocatechin gallate extracted from green tea. In general, the treatment with different flavonoids presented inhibition of tumor growth and antiangiogenic, antimetastatic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. The bias analysis evidenced the absence of methodological processes in all studies, such as the age or weight of the animals, the method of flavonoids' extraction, or the experimental designs, analytical methods, and outcome measures. It has been known that flavonoids have a protective effect against HCC. However, the absence or incomplete characterization of the animal models, treatment protocols, and phytochemical and toxicity analyses impaired the internal validity of the individual studies, making it difficult to determine the effectiveness of plant-derived products in the treatment of HCC.
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20
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Curti V, Di Lorenzo A, Dacrema M, Xiao J, Nabavi SM, Daglia M. In vitro polyphenol effects on apoptosis: An update of literature data. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 46:119-131. [PMID: 28830771 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenols are secondary plant metabolites which have been studied extensively for their health-promoting properties, and which could also exert pharmacological activities ranging from anti-inflammatory effects, to cytotoxic activity against cancer cells. The main mechanism for programmed cell death is represented by apoptosis, and its dysregulation is involved in the etiopathology of cancer. As such, substances able to induce apoptosis in cancer cells could be used as new anticancer agents. The aim of this paper is to review literature data on the apoptotic effects of polyphenols and the molecular mechanisms through which they induce these effects in cancer cells. In addition, a brief summary of the new delivery forms used to increase the bioavailability, and clinical impact of polyphenols is provided. The studies reported show that many polyphenol rich plant extracts, originating from food and herbal medicine, as well as isolated polyphenols administered individually or in combination, can regulate cell apoptosis primarily through intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms of action in in vitro conditions. Due to these promising results, the use of polyphenols in the treatment of cancer should therefore be deeply investigated. In particular, because of the low number of clinical trials, further studies are required to evaluate the anticancer activity of polyphenols in in vivo conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Curti
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; KOLINPHARMA S.p.A., Lainate, Corso Europa 5, 20020 Lainate, Italy
| | - Arianna Di Lorenzo
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; KOLINPHARMA S.p.A., Lainate, Corso Europa 5, 20020 Lainate, Italy
| | - Marco Dacrema
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau
| | - Sayed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, PO Box 19395 5487, Iran.
| | - Maria Daglia
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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Lima KG, Krause GC, Schuster AD, Catarina AV, Basso BS, De Mesquita FC, Pedrazza L, Marczak ES, Martha BA, Nunes FB, Chiela ECF, Jaeger N, Thomé MP, Haute GV, Dias HB, Donadio MVF, De Oliveira JR. Gallic acid reduces cell growth by induction of apoptosis and reduction of IL-8 in HepG2 cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 84:1282-1290. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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22
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Novel bioinspired acetato-bridged dinuclear nickel(II)-Schiff-base complex: Catechol oxidase and in vitro biological activity studies. Inorganica Chim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2016.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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23
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Kumar N, Biswas S, Mathew AE, Varghese S, Mathew JE, Nandakumar K, Aranjani JM, Lobo R. Pro-apoptotic and cytotoxic effects of enriched fraction of Elytranthe parasitica (L.) Danser against HepG2 Hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 16:420. [PMID: 27782823 PMCID: PMC5080845 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1395-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common type of liver cancer accounts for more than one million deaths worldwide. Current treatment modality for HCC is marginally effective. Plants belonging to Mistletoe family (Loranthaceae) have been used in chemotherapy for many years. The present study was aimed at exploring the anti-proliferative, pro-oxidant and pro-apoptotic potential of stem of Elytranthe parasitica (L.) Danser (EP), a parasitic shrub belonging to Loranthaceae. Methods Elytranthe parasitica (L.) Danser, a climbing parasitic shrub was investigated for its cytotoxic activity against HepG2, a hepatocellular carcinoma cell line by Sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. Further, pro-oxidant activity of EP extract/fractions was studied using copper phenanthroline assay. To understand the mechanism of cell death, the pro-apoptotic effects of Hep-G2 cells treated with EP extract/fractions were visualized by dual staining using acridine orange and ethidium bromide, a morphological marker of apoptosis. Phytochemical profiling of EP was explored by estimating the phenol, flavonoid and tannin content in its various fractions and extract. The occurrence of gallic acid, a principal polyphenol in EP extract and fractions was detected and further quantified using HPTLC (High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography) fingerprinting. Result Active fraction of Elytranthe parasitica, EP.DEE exhibited potent cytotoxic activity in a dose dependent manner against HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cell line with an IC50 of 56.7 ± 7.8 μg/mL. Dual staining with acridine orange and ethidium bromide revealed that HepG2 cells treated with EP active fractions underwent cell death chiefly by apoptosis. Highest phenol, flavonoid and tannin content were observed in active fractions, EP.EA (Ethyl acetate fraction) and EP.DEE (Diethyl ether fraction). Gallic acid was identified and quantified in EP extract and active fractions, EP.DEE and EP.EA. Conclusion Our findings indicate EP active fraction could be a promising contender in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Shen R, Chen Y, Li Z, Qi H, Wang Y. Synthesis and biological evaluation of disubstituted amidoxanthones as potential telomeric G-quadruplex DNA-binding and apoptosis-inducing agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:619-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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25
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Freitas FPS, Porto ML, Tranhago CP, Piontkowski R, Miguel EC, Miguel TBAR, Martins JL, Nascimento KS, Balarini CM, Cavada BS, Meyrelles SS, Vasquez EC, Gava AL. Dioclea violacea lectin ameliorates oxidative stress and renal dysfunction in an experimental model of acute kidney injury. Am J Transl Res 2015; 7:2573-2588. [PMID: 26885258 PMCID: PMC4731658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is characterized by rapid and potentially reversible decline in renal function; however, the current management for AKI is nonspecific and associated with limited supportive care. Considering the need for more novel therapeutic approaches, we believe that lectins from Dioclea violacea (Dvl), based on their anti-inflammatory properties, could be beneficial for the treatment of AKI induced by renal ischemia/reperfusion (IR). Dvl (1 mg/kg, i.v.) or vehicle (100 µL) was administered to Wistar rats prior to the induction of bilateral renal ischemia (45 min). Following 24 hours of reperfusion, inulin and para-aminohippurate (PAH) clearances were performed to determine glomerular filtration rate (GFR), renal plasma flow (RPF), renal blood flow (RBF) and renal vascular resistance (RVR). Renal inflammation was assessed using myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. Kidney sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin to evaluate morphological changes. Intracellular superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide, peroxynitrite, nitric oxide and apoptosis were analyzed using flow cytometry. IR resulted in diminished GFR, RPF, RBF, and increased RVR; however, these changes were ameliorated in rats receiving Dvl. AKI-induced histomorphological changes, such as tubular dilation, tubular necrosis and proteinaceous casts, were attenuated by Dvl administration. Treatment with Dvl resulted in diminished renal MPO activity, oxidative stress and apoptosis in rats submitted to IR. Our data reveal that Dvl has a protective effect in the kidney, improving renal function after IR injury, probably by reducing neutrophil recruitment and oxidative stress. These results indicate that Dvl can be considered a new therapeutic approach for AKI-induced kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia PS Freitas
- Physiological Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito SantoVitoria, ES, Brazil
| | - Marcella L Porto
- Physiological Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito SantoVitoria, ES, Brazil
| | - Camilla P Tranhago
- Physiological Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito SantoVitoria, ES, Brazil
| | - Rogerio Piontkowski
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Vila VelhaVila Velha, ES, Brazil
| | - Emilio C Miguel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of CearaFortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Thaiz BAR Miguel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of CearaFortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Jorge L Martins
- Institute of Chemistry and Geosciences, Federal University of PelotasPelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Kyria S Nascimento
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of CearaFortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Camille M Balarini
- Dept. of Physiology and Pathology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of ParaibaJoao Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Benildo S Cavada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of CearaFortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Silvana S Meyrelles
- Physiological Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito SantoVitoria, ES, Brazil
| | - Elisardo C Vasquez
- Physiological Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito SantoVitoria, ES, Brazil
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Vila VelhaVila Velha, ES, Brazil
| | - Agata L Gava
- Physiological Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito SantoVitoria, ES, Brazil
- Division of Nephrology, McMaster UniversityHamilton, ON, Canada
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Grootaert C, Kamiloglu S, Capanoglu E, Van Camp J. Cell Systems to Investigate the Impact of Polyphenols on Cardiovascular Health. Nutrients 2015; 7:9229-55. [PMID: 26569293 PMCID: PMC4663590 DOI: 10.3390/nu7115462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are a diverse group of micronutrients from plant origin that may serve as antioxidants and that contribute to human health in general. More specifically, many research groups have investigated their protective effect against cardiovascular diseases in several animal studies and human trials. Yet, because of the excessive processing of the polyphenol structure by human cells and the residing intestinal microbial community, which results in a large variability between the test subjects, the exact mechanisms of their protective effects are still under investigation. To this end, simplified cell culture systems have been used to decrease the inter-individual variability in mechanistic studies. In this review, we will discuss the different cell culture models that have been used so far for polyphenol research in the context of cardiovascular diseases. We will also review the current trends in cell culture research, including co-culture methodologies. Finally, we will discuss the potential of these advanced models to screen for cardiovascular effects of the large pool of bioactive polyphenols present in foods and their metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Grootaert
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Human Nutrition, Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links, Ghent 653 B-9000, Belgium.
| | - Senem Kamiloglu
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Human Nutrition, Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links, Ghent 653 B-9000, Belgium.
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak 34469, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Esra Capanoglu
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak 34469, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - John Van Camp
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Human Nutrition, Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links, Ghent 653 B-9000, Belgium.
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Kubota M, Shimizu M, Baba A, Ohno T, Kochi T, Shirakami Y, Moriwaki H. Combination of bevacizumab and acyclic retinoid inhibits the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma xenografts. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2015; 60:357-62. [PMID: 25744425 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.60.357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is poor and the development of effective treatments for this malignancy, including combination chemotherapy, is required. This study examined the possible combined inhibitory effects of bevacizumab, an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor monoclonal antibody, and acyclic retinoid (ACR), which can prevent the development of HCC, on the growth of Huh7 human HCC cells. Xenograft tumors were produced by subcutaneously injecting Huh7 cells into nude mice. Starting 1 wk after the tumor cell injection, the mice were treated with bevacizumab alone (5 mg/kg body weight, subcutaneous injection, twice a week), ACR alone (given in a diet containing 0.03%), or their combination for 6 wk, and the effects of these regimens on xenograft growth were examined. Combined treatment with bevacizumab plus ACR significantly suppressed the growth of Huh7 xenografts. The combination of these agents significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of the Akt protein in tumor tissues. With combination therapy, the population of Ki-67-positive cells in xenografts decreased, while that of TUNEL-positive cells increased. The combination of bevacizumab and ACR exerts growth-suppressing effects on HCC cells by inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis. This combination might be an effective regimen for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Kubota
- Department of Gastroenterology/Internal Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine
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Wang C, Hu X, Gao Y, Ji Y. ZnO Nanoparticles Treatment Induces Apoptosis by Increasing Intracellular ROS Levels in LTEP-a-2 Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:423287. [PMID: 26339612 PMCID: PMC4538331 DOI: 10.1155/2015/423287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the wide use of novel nanoparticles (NPs) such as zinc oxide (ZnO) in all aspects of life, toxicological research on ZnO NPs is receiving increasing attention in these days. In this study, the toxicity of ZnO NPs in a human pulmonary adenocarcinoma cell line LTEP-a-2 was tested in vitro. Log-phase cells were exposed to different levels of ZnO NPs for hours, followed by colorimetric cell viability assay using tetrazolium salt and cell survival rate assay using trypan blue dye. Cell morphological changes were observed by Giemsa staining and light microscopy. Apoptosis was detected by using fluorescence microscopy and caspase-3 activity assay. Both intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduced glutathione (GSH) were examined by a microplate-reader method. Results showed that ZnO NPs (≥ 0.01 μg/mL) significantly inhibited proliferation (P < 0.05) and induced substantial apoptosis in LTEP-a-2 cells after 4 h of exposure. The intracellular ROS level rose up to 30-40% corresponding to significant depletion (approximately 70-80%) in GSH content in LTEP-a-2 cells (P < 0.05), suggesting that ZnO NPs induced apoptosis mainly through increased ROS production. This study elucidates the toxicological mechanism of ZnO NPs in human pulmonary adenocarcinoma cells and provides reference data for application of nanomaterials in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Bioresource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 17 Chunhui Road, Laishan District, Yantai 264003, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoke Hu
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Bioresource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 17 Chunhui Road, Laishan District, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Yan Gao
- National Oceanographic Center, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yinglu Ji
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
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Rua EDAO, Porto ML, Ramos JPL, Nogueira BV, Meyrelles SS, Vasquez EC, Pereira TC. Effects of tobacco smoking during pregnancy on oxidative stress in the umbilical cord and mononuclear blood cells of neonates. J Biomed Sci 2014; 21:105. [PMID: 25547987 PMCID: PMC4302517 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-014-0105-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although cigarette smoke is known to be a complex mixture of over 4000 substances that can lead to damage through active or passive smoking, its mechanisms and biochemical consequences in pregnancy and neonates are not yet fully understood. Therefore, in the present study, we propose to study the impact of smoking during gestation on the viability of blood mononuclear cells (MNC) from umbilical cords of newborns to assess the degree of oxidative stress and cell viability. After childbirth, the cord blood and the umbilical cord were immediately collected in public hospitals in Greater Vitoria, ES, Brazil. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the cord blood followed by biochemical and histological tests to analyze possible changes in the umbilical cord. Results Pregnant smokers had a reduction of MNC viability from the umbilical cord (10%), an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and an increase in cell apoptosis (~2-fold) compared to pregnant non-smokers. In the umbilical cord, it was observed an increase of advanced oxidation protein products - AOPP (~2.5-fold) and a loss of the typical architecture and disposition of endothelial cells from the umbilical artery. Conclusions These data suggest that maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy (even in small amounts) may compromise the viability of MNC cells and damage the umbilical cord structure, possibly by excessive ROS bioavailability.
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Gomes IBS, Porto ML, Santos MCLFS, Campagnaro BP, Pereira TMC, Meyrelles SS, Vasquez EC. Renoprotective, anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic effects of oral low-dose quercetin in the C57BL/6J model of diabetic nephropathy. Lipids Health Dis 2014; 13:184. [PMID: 25481305 PMCID: PMC4271322 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-13-184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the major causes of end-stage renal disease in diabetic patients. Increasing evidence from studies in the rodents has suggested that this disease is associated with increased oxidative stress due to hyperglycemia. In the present study, we evaluated the renoprotective, anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic effects of the flavonoid quercetin in C57BL/6J model of DN. Methods DN was induced by streptozotocin (STZ, 100 mg/kg/day, for 3 days) in adult C57BL/6J mice. Six weeks later, mice were divided into the following groups: diabetic mice treated with quercetin (DQ, 10 mg/kg/day, 4 weeks), diabetic mice treated with vehicle (DV) or non-treated non-diabetic (ND) mice. Results Quercetin treatment caused a reduction in polyuria (~45%) and glycemia (~35%), abolished the hypertriglyceridemia and had significant effects on renal function including, decreased proteinuria and high plasma levels of uric acid, urea and creatinine, which were accompanied by beneficial effects on the structural changes of the kidney including glomerulosclerosis. Flow cytometry showed a decrease in oxidative stress and apoptosis in DN mice. Conclusion Taken together, these data show that quercetin effectively attenuated STZ-induced cytotoxicity in renal tissue. This study provides convincing experimental evidence and perspectives on the renoprotective effects of quercetin in diabetic mice and outlines a novel therapeutic strategy for this flavonoid in the treatment of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Elisardo C Vasquez
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Laboratory of Translational Physiology, Health Sciences Center, UFES, Vitoria, Brazil.
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Apoptotic effects of dipyrido [3,2-a:2',3'-c] phenazine (dppz) Au(III) complex against diethylnitrosamine/phenobarbital induced experimental hepatocarcinogenesis in rats. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:5109-21. [PMID: 24756331 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3376-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the effects of dipyrido [3,2-a:2',3'-c] phenazine (dppz) Au(III) complex ([Au(dppz)Cl2]Cl) on apoptosis during chemically induced hepatocellular carcinoma. 48 male Spraque-Dawley rats were divided into six groups; group I (control), group II [Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)], group III ([Au(dppz)Cl2]Cl), group IV [diethylnitrosamine + Phenobabital (DEN + PB)], group V (DEN + PB + [Au(dppz)Cl2]Cl (2nd week)), and group VI (DEN + PB + [Au(dppz)Cl2]Cl (7th week). The rats in groups IV through VI were administrated with DEN in a single dose of intraperitoneal 175 mg/kg. After 2 weeks of DEN administration, these groups of rats were given daily PB in a dose of 500 ppm. In group V, after two weeks of DEN administration, [Au(dppz)Cl2]Cl complex (2 mg/kg) was given once a week by intraperitoneal injection. In the group VI, the rats were given a dose of 2 mg/kg [Au(dppz)Cl2]Cl complex once a week, 7 weeks after DEN administration. At the end of the study, blood and tissue samples were collected from the rats to determine levels of serum AST, ALT, and LDH, and caspase 3, p53, Bax, Bcl-2 and DNA fragmentation in liver. AST, ALT, LDH, and Bcl-2 levels were higher in group IV, compared to group I, but caspase 3 and p53 levels were lower. In group V, caspase 3, p53, Bax, and DNA fragmentation levels were higher than those of group IV. Caspase 3 and p53 levels increased in group VI compared with group IV. In conclusion, [Au(dppz)Cl2]Cl complex induced apoptosis by elevating levels of caspase 3, p53, Bax, and DNA fragmentation.
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Monga J, Aggarwal V, Suthar SK, Monika M, Nongalleima K, Sharma M. Topical (+)-catechin emulsified gel prevents DMBA/TPA-induced squamous cell carcinoma of the skin by modulating antioxidants and inflammatory biomarkers in BALB/c mice. Food Funct 2014; 5:3197-207. [DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00531g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
An emulsified gel of (+)-catechin was developed and evaluated topically against DMBA/TPA-induced squamous cell carcinoma of the skin in BALB/c mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitender Monga
- Department of Urology
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research
- Chandigarh, India
| | - Vaibhav Aggarwal
- Department of Pharmacy
- Jaypee University of Information Technology
- Waknaghat 173234, India
| | - Sharad Kumar Suthar
- Department of Pharmacy
- Jaypee University of Information Technology
- Waknaghat 173234, India
| | - Monika Monika
- Department of Pharmacy
- Jaypee University of Information Technology
- Waknaghat 173234, India
| | | | - Manu Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy
- Jaypee University of Information Technology
- Waknaghat 173234, India
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Hepatoprotective properties of sesamin against CCl4 induced oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis in mice via JNK pathway. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 64:41-8. [PMID: 24287204 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Revised: 10/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Sesamin (Ses), one of the major lignan derived from sesame seeds, has been reported to have many benefits and medicinal properties. However, its protective effects against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced injury in liver have not been clarified. The aim of the present study was to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of sesamin on oxidative stress and apoptosis in mice exposed to CCl4. Our data showed that sesamin significantly prevented CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner, indicated by both diagnostic indicators of liver damage (serum aminotransferase activities) and histopathological analysis. Moreover, CCl4-induced profound elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and oxidative stress, as evidenced by increasing of lipid peroxidation level and depleting of the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in liver, were suppressed by treatment with sesamin. Furthermore, TUNEL assay showed that CCl4-induced apoptosis in mouse liver was significantly inhibited by sesamin. In exploring the underlying mechanisms of sesamin action, we found that activities of caspase-3 were markedly inhibited by the treatment of sesamin in the liver of CCl4 treated mice. Sesamin increased expression levels of phosphorylated Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) in liver, which in turn inactivated pro-apoptotic signaling events restoring the balance between mitochondrial pro- and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins and decreasing the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c in liver of CCl4 treated mice. JNK was also involved in the mitochondrial extrinsic apoptotic pathways of sesamin effects against CCl4 induced liver injury by regulating the expression levels of phosphorylated c-Jun proteins, necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and Bak. In conclusion, these results suggested that the inhibition of CCl4-induced apoptosis by sesamin is due at least in part to its anti-oxidant activity and its ability to modulate the JNK signaling pathway.
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