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Shukla A, Suresh V, Gupta PC, Sharma M, Saikia UN, Ram J, Luthra-Guptasarma M. A single chain variable fragment antibody (Tn 64) cognate to fibronectin type III repeats promotes corneal wound healing by inhibiting fibrosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 133:112029. [PMID: 38640715 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Corneal wound healing requires epithelial reorganization and stromal extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, with ECM proteins such as Tenascin C (TnC) regulating and maintaining corneal homeostasis. The N-terminal globular domain and C-terminal fibrinogen-related domains of TnC are separated by epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like repeats, and upto fifteen fibronectin type III domains (Tn fn). Overexpression of Tn fn 1-5 and its splice variants occurs in varied pathologies. We have previously used Tn64 (a single chain variable fragment antibody cognate to Tn fn 1-5) to establish roles of Tn fn 1-5 in fibrotic pathologies such as rheumatoid arthritis and posterior capsular opacification. Here, we show that Tn64 binds to Tn fn repeats 3-5 (which constitute the major site for binding of soluble fibronectin within TnC). Unlike other Tn fn domains, Tn fn 3-5 displays no inhibition of fibronectin matrix assembly. Rather, the Tn fn 3-5 construct is pro-fibrotic and elicits increased expression of fibronectin. We examined corneal epithelial as well as stromal wound healing through Tn64 binding to Tn fn 3-5, using a human corneal epithelial cell (HCEC) line, primary cultures of human corneal fibroblasts (HCFs), and an ex-vivo corneal organ culture model. Tn64 enhanced proliferation and adhesion of corneal epithelial cells, while inhibiting the migration of corneal fibroblasts and myofibroblasts. Tn64 appears to attenuate inflammation through downregulation of TNF-α, prevent corneal fibrosis by limiting fibronectin polymerization, and promote regeneration of corneal epithelia and stroma, suggesting that it could be developed as a therapeutic agent for effective anti-fibrotic corneal wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashu Shukla
- Department of Immunopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Sector-12, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Vyshak Suresh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Sector-12, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Parul Chawla Gupta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Sector-12, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Maryada Sharma
- Department of Otolaryngology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Sector-12, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Uma Nahar Saikia
- Department of Histopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Sector-12, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Jagat Ram
- Department of Ophthalmology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Sector-12, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Manni Luthra-Guptasarma
- Department of Immunopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Sector-12, Chandigarh 160012, India.
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Lee HJ, Tomasini-Johansson BR, Gupta N, Kwon GS. Fibronectin-targeted FUD and PEGylated FUD peptides for fibrotic diseases. J Control Release 2023; 360:69-81. [PMID: 37315694 PMCID: PMC10527082 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Tissue fibrosis is characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules. Fibronectin (FN) is a glycoprotein found in the blood and tissues, a key player in the assembly of ECM through interaction with cellular and extracellular components. Functional Upstream Domain (FUD), a peptide derived from an adhesin protein of bacteria, has a high binding affinity for the N-terminal 70-kDa domain of FN that plays a crucial role in FN polymerization. In this regard, FUD peptide has been characterized as a potent inhibitor of FN matrix assembly, reducing excessive ECM accumulation. Furthermore, PEGylated FUD was developed to prevent rapid elimination of FUD and enhance its systemic exposure in vivo. Herein, we summarize the development of FUD peptide as a potential anti-fibrotic agent and its application in experimental fibrotic diseases. In addition, we discuss how modification of the FUD peptide via PEGylation impacts pharmacokinetic profiles of the FUD peptide and can potentially contribute to anti-fibrosis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Lee
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Bianca R Tomasini-Johansson
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, WIMRII, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Nikesh Gupta
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Glen S Kwon
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
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3
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Laich Y, Wolf J, Hajdu RI, Schlecht A, Bucher F, Pauleikhoff L, Busch M, Martin G, Faatz H, Killmer S, Bengsch B, Stahl A, Lommatzsch A, Schlunck G, Agostini H, Boneva S, Lange C. Single-Cell Protein and Transcriptional Characterization of Epiretinal Membranes From Patients With Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:17. [PMID: 35579905 PMCID: PMC9123517 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.5.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) remains an unresolved clinical challenge and can lead to frequent revision surgery and blindness vision loss. The aim of this study was to characterize the microenvironment of epiretinal PVR tissue, in order to shed more light on the complex pathophysiology and to unravel new treatment options. Methods A total of 44 tissue samples were analyzed in this study, including 19 epiretinal PVRs, 13 epiretinal membranes (ERMs) from patients with macular pucker, as well as 12 internal limiting membranes (ILMs). The cellular and molecular microenvironment was assessed by cell type deconvolution analysis (xCell), RNA sequencing data and single-cell imaging mass cytometry. Candidate drugs for PVR treatment were identified in silico via a transcriptome-based drug-repurposing approach. Results RNA sequencing of tissue samples demonstrated distinct transcriptional profiles of PVR, ERM, and ILM samples. Differential gene expression analysis revealed 3194 upregulated genes in PVR compared with ILM, including FN1 and SPARC, which contribute to biological processes, such as extracellular matrix (ECM) organization. The xCell and IMC analyses showed that PVR membranes were composed of macrophages, retinal pigment epithelium, and α-SMA-positive myofibroblasts, the latter predominantly characterized by the co-expression of immune cell signature markers. Finally, 13 drugs were identified as potential therapeutics for PVR, including aminocaproic acid and various topoisomerase-2A inhibitors. Conclusions Epiretinal PVR membranes exhibit a unique and complex transcriptional and cellular profile dominated by immune cells and myofibroblasts, as well as a variety of ECM components. Our findings provide new insights into the pathophysiology of PVR and suggest potential targeted therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannik Laich
- Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julian Wolf
- Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rozina Ida Hajdu
- Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anja Schlecht
- Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius Maximilian University Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Felicitas Bucher
- Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Laurenz Pauleikhoff
- Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Busch
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Gottfried Martin
- Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Henrik Faatz
- Achim Wessing Institute for Imaging in Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,Ophtha-Lab, Department of Ophthalmology at St. Franziskus Hospital, Muenster, Germany
| | - Saskia Killmer
- Department of Medicine II (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, and Infectious Diseases), Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bertram Bengsch
- Department of Medicine II (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, and Infectious Diseases), Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Signaling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Stahl
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Albrecht Lommatzsch
- Achim Wessing Institute for Imaging in Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,Ophtha-Lab, Department of Ophthalmology at St. Franziskus Hospital, Muenster, Germany
| | - Günther Schlunck
- Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hansjürgen Agostini
- Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefaniya Boneva
- Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Clemens Lange
- Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Ophtha-Lab, Department of Ophthalmology at St. Franziskus Hospital, Muenster, Germany
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Berland L, Kim L, Abousaway O, Mines A, Mishra S, Clark L, Hofman P, Rashidian M. Nanobodies for Medical Imaging: About Ready for Prime Time? Biomolecules 2021; 11:637. [PMID: 33925941 PMCID: PMC8146371 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in medical treatments have been revolutionary in shaping the management and treatment landscape of patients, notably cancer patients. Over the last decade, patients with diverse forms of locally advanced or metastatic cancer, such as melanoma, lung cancers, and many blood-borne malignancies, have seen their life expectancies increasing significantly. Notwithstanding these encouraging results, the present-day struggle with these treatments concerns patients who remain largely unresponsive, as well as those who experience severely toxic side effects. Gaining deeper insight into the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying these variable responses will bring us closer to developing more effective therapeutics. To assess these mechanisms, non-invasive imaging techniques provide valuable whole-body information with precise targeting. An example of such is immuno-PET (Positron Emission Tomography), which employs radiolabeled antibodies to detect specific molecules of interest. Nanobodies, as the smallest derived antibody fragments, boast ideal characteristics for this purpose and have thus been used extensively in preclinical models and, more recently, in clinical early-stage studies as well. Their merit stems from their high affinity and specificity towards a target, among other factors. Furthermore, their small size (~14 kDa) allows them to easily disperse through the bloodstream and reach tissues in a reliable and uniform manner. In this review, we will discuss the powerful imaging potential of nanobodies, primarily through the lens of imaging malignant tumors but also touching upon their capability to image a broader variety of nonmalignant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Berland
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (L.B.); (L.K.); (O.A.); (A.M.); (S.M.); (L.C.)
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, INSERM, IRCAN, 06100 Nice, France;
| | - Lauren Kim
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (L.B.); (L.K.); (O.A.); (A.M.); (S.M.); (L.C.)
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Omar Abousaway
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (L.B.); (L.K.); (O.A.); (A.M.); (S.M.); (L.C.)
| | - Andrea Mines
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (L.B.); (L.K.); (O.A.); (A.M.); (S.M.); (L.C.)
| | - Shruti Mishra
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (L.B.); (L.K.); (O.A.); (A.M.); (S.M.); (L.C.)
| | - Louise Clark
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (L.B.); (L.K.); (O.A.); (A.M.); (S.M.); (L.C.)
| | - Paul Hofman
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, INSERM, IRCAN, 06100 Nice, France;
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, FHU OncoAge, Nice Center Hospital, 06100 Nice, France
| | - Mohammad Rashidian
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (L.B.); (L.K.); (O.A.); (A.M.); (S.M.); (L.C.)
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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5
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Mehta BB, Tiwari A, Sharma S, Shukla A, Sharma M, Vasishta RK, Sen RK, Sharma A, Luthra-Guptasarma M. Amelioration of collagen antibody induced arthritis in mice by an antibody directed against the fibronectin type III repeats of tenascin-C: Targeting fibronectin type III repeats of tenascin-C in rheumatoid arthritis. Int Immunopharmacol 2018. [PMID: 29529488 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Tenascin-C (TN-C) levels are elevated in the synovial tissue and fluid, as well as cartilage of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. In addition, the presence of TN-C fragments has also been documented in arthritic cartilage. We have previously shown that a single chain variable fragment antibody (TN64), directed against the fibronectin type III repeats 1-5 (TNfnIII 1-5) of TN-C, effectively inhibits fibrotic pathology. Given that fibrosis results from chronic inflammation, and the fact that increased levels of TN-C in the synovial fluid of patients with RA contributes to synovial inflammation and joint destruction, we aimed to investigate the role of TNfnIII 1-5 region of TN-C in RA pathogenesis. Using either the wild type or variants of the two integrin-binding motifs (RGD and AEIDGIEL) present within the TNfnIII 1-5 polypeptide, we demonstrate that the adhesion and migration of synovial fibroblasts is RGD-dependent. The antibody TN64 is effective in inhibiting migration of cells in response to TnfnIII 1-5, and prevents fibroblast-mediated destruction of cartilage. The TN64 antibody was further tested in collagen antibody induced arthritic (CAIA) mice. Our data shows the efficacy of TN64 in preventing induction of arthritis, with significant downregulation of RA-associated cytokines. This suggests that components of the extracellular matrix such as the TNfnIII 1-5 region of TN-C could be exploited to develop therapies to suppress inflammation seen in RA. The TN64 antibody is one such promising candidate in the development of novel treatments for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brij Bhushan Mehta
- Department of Immunopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Anil Tiwari
- Department of Immunopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Saniya Sharma
- Department of Histopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Ashu Shukla
- Department of Immunopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Maryada Sharma
- Department of Immunopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Rakesh K Vasishta
- Department of Histopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Ramesh K Sen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Aman Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Manni Luthra-Guptasarma
- Department of Immunopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India.
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6
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Mehta BB, Sharma S, Vasishta RK, Sen RK, Sharma A, Luthra-Guptasarma M. Blocking osteopontin-fibronectin interactions reduce extracellular fibronectin deployment and arthritic immunopathology. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 55:297-305. [PMID: 29306173 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Elevated levels of a thrombin-cleaved fragment of osteopontin (OPNT) are seen in synovial fluid (SF) and tissues of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. OPNT binds to integrins on cell surfaces, inducing adhesion, migration and survival of inflammatory cells in the synovial joints, where OPNT binds to fibronectin to link fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) with B cells, stimulating the latter to produce inflammatory cytokines. Our aim was to block OPNT-fibronectin interactions and examine whether this reduces inflammation. A human antibody (phage displayed) library was used to select scFv antibodies cognate to OPNT, and a particular scFv antibody (scFv 31) was evaluated. Adhesion, migration and fibronectin polymerization of FLS cells derived from RA patients were monitored, in cultures incorporating scFv 31. Also, scFv 31 was used in mice with CAIA (collagen antibody-induced arthritis), subjected to clinical and histological assessment, analysis of fibronectin and cartilage damage and induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The scFv antibody, scFv 31, appeared to cause significantly reduced migration of synovial fibroblasts, altered cell morphology, changes in actin stress fiber arrangement, and marked reduction in fibronectin. In CAIA mice, scFv 31 appeared to prevent arthritic changes through inhibition of synovial hypertrophy and loss of articular cartilage, decrease in fibronectin polymerization and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines implicated in arthritis. Osteopontin-fibronectin interaction(s) appear to play a role in the expression of key inflammatory molecules by B cells infiltrating the synovial joint. The scFv antibody, scFv 31, provides a potential therapeutic lead for inhibition of some processes implicated in rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brij Bhushan Mehta
- Department of Immunopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Saniya Sharma
- Department of Histopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Rakesh K Vasishta
- Department of Histopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Ramesh K Sen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Aman Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Manni Luthra-Guptasarma
- Department of Immunopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India.
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7
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Zhao J, Zhong W, Sun L, Yin Y, Zheng Y. Effect of chloride channel activity on retinal pigment cell proliferation and migration. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:1771-1776. [PMID: 28259964 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Abstract
Retinal fibrosis, characterized by dysregulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) protein deposition by retinal endothelial cells, pigment epithelial cells, and other resident cell-types, is a unifying feature of several common retinal diseases. Fibronectin is an early constituent of newly deposited ECM and serves as a template for assembly of other ECM proteins, including collagens. Under physiologic conditions, fibronectin is found in all layers of Bruch's membrane. Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), a complication of retinal surgery, is characterized by ECM accumulation. Among the earliest histologic manifestations of diabetic retinopathy (DR) is capillary basement membrane thickening, which occurs due to perturbations in ECM homeostasis. Neovascularization, the hallmark of late stage DR as well as exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD), involves ECM assembly as a scaffold for the aberrant new vessel architecture. Rodent models of retinal injury demonstrate a key role for fibronectin in complications characteristic of PVR, including retinal detachment. In mouse models of DR, reducing fibronectin gene expression has been shown to arrest the accumulation of ECM in the capillary basement membrane. Alterations in matrix metalloproteinase activity thought to be important in the pathogenesis of AMD impact the turnover of fibronectin matrix as well as collagens. Growth factors involved in PVR, AMD, and DR, such as PDGF and TGFβ, are known to stimulate fibronectin matrix assembly. A deeper understanding of how pathologic ECM deposition contributes to disease progression may help to identify novel targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles G Miller
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854-5635, USA
| | - Greg Budoff
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854-5635, USA
| | - Jonathan L Prenner
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854-5635, USA
- NJ Retina, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-2066, USA
| | - Jean E Schwarzbauer
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544-1014, USA
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9
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Control of fibrotic changes through the synergistic effects of anti-fibronectin antibody and an RGDS-tagged form of the same antibody. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30872. [PMID: 27484779 PMCID: PMC4971484 DOI: 10.1038/srep30872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
TGF-β and myofibroblasts play a key role in fibrosis, characterized by aberrant synthesis and deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, such as fibronectin (Fn) and collagen type I. There are two major roles played by integrins in the fibrotic pathology: (i) Fn-integrin interaction, coupled with cytokines like TGF-β, facilitates the self-polymerization of Fn and regulates cell-matrix fibrillar adhesions, thereby promoting fibrillogenesis; (ii) Integrin interaction with an RGD (arginine-glycine-aspartic) consensus sequence in the latent TGF-β, resulting in its activation. This study describes an anti-fibrotic strategy using a combination of two antibodies: Fn52 (targeted against the N-terminal 30 kDa region of fibronectin, a major site for Fn self-association), and its engineered form, Fn52RGDS (which binds to integrins). Interestingly, a synergistic effect of the cocktail in causing a decline in fibrotic features was confirmed in the context of fibrotic posterior capsular opacification (PCO), mediated by the lens epithelial cells (left behind after cataract surgery). Inclusion of Fn52RGDS to Fn52 aids in better diffusion of the antibodies; such combination therapies could be useful in the context of pathologies involving extensive remodeling of the fibronectin matrix, where the thick ECM offers a major challenge for efficient drug delivery.
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10
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Interaction between fibronectin and β1 integrin is essential for tooth development. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121667. [PMID: 25830530 PMCID: PMC4382024 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The dental epithelium and extracellular matrix interact to ensure that cell growth and differentiation lead to the formation of teeth of appropriate size and quality. To determine the role of fibronectin in differentiation of the dental epithelium and tooth formation, we analyzed its expression in developing incisors. Fibronectin mRNA was expressed during the presecretory stage in developing dental epithelium, decreased in the secretory and early maturation stages, and then reappeared during the late maturation stage. The binding of dental epithelial cells derived from postnatal day-1 molars to a fibronectin-coated dish was inhibited by the RGD but not RAD peptide, and by a β1 integrin-neutralizing antibody, suggesting that fibronectin-β1 integrin interactions contribute to dental epithelial-cell binding. Because fibronectin and β1 integrin are highly expressed in the dental mesenchyme, it is difficult to determine precisely how their interactions influence dental epithelial differentiation in vivo. Therefore, we analyzed β1 integrin conditional knockout mice (Intβ1lox-/lox-/K14-Cre) and found that they exhibited partial enamel hypoplasia, and delayed eruption of molars and differentiation of ameloblasts, but not of odontoblasts. Furthermore, a cyst-like structure was observed during late ameloblast maturation. Dental epithelial cells from knockout mice did not bind to fibronectin, and induction of ameloblastin expression in these cells by neurotrophic factor-4 was inhibited by treatment with RGD peptide or a fibronectin siRNA, suggesting that the epithelial interaction between fibronectin and β1 integrin is important for ameloblast differentiation and enamel formation.
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Ambesi A, McKeown-Longo PJ. Conformational remodeling of the fibronectin matrix selectively regulates VEGF signaling. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:3805-16. [PMID: 24982443 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.150458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The fibronectin matrix plays a crucial role in the regulation of angiogenesis during development, tissue repair and pathogenesis. Previous work has identified a fibronectin-derived homophilic binding peptide, anastellin, as an effective inhibitor of angiogenesis; however, its mechanism of action is not well understood. In the present study, we demonstrate that anastellin selectively inhibits microvessel cell signaling in response to the VEGF165 isoform, but not VEGF121, by preventing the assembly of the complex containing the VEGF receptor and neuropilin-1. Anastellin treatment resulted in the inactivation of α5β1 integrins but was not accompanied by a change in either adhesion complexes or adhesion-based signaling. Integrin inactivation was associated with a masking of the fibronectin synergy site within the extracellular matrix (ECM), indicating that α5β1 inactivation resulted from a decrease in available ligand. These data demonstrate that anastellin influences the microvessel cell response to growth factors by controlling the repertoire of ligated integrins and point to anastellin as an effective regulator of fibronectin matrix organization. These studies further suggest that homophilic fibronectin binding peptides might have novel applications in the field of tissue regeneration as tools to regulate neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Ambesi
- Center for Cell Biology and Cancer Research, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, NY 12208, USA
| | - Paula J McKeown-Longo
- Center for Cell Biology and Cancer Research, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, NY 12208, USA
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12
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Sharma M, Tiwari A, Sharma S, Bansal R, Gupta V, Gupta A, Luthra-Guptasarma M. Pathological vitreous causes cell line-derived (but not donor-derived) retinal pigment epithelial cells to display proliferative vitreoretinopathy-like features in culture. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2014; 42:745-60. [PMID: 24612444 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.12307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well understood that epithelial mesenchymal transformation occurs when retinal pigment epithelial cells, sourced from either a cell line or cadaver eye, are cultured in the presence of cadaver-derived vitreous. We sought to study the changes in retinal pigment epithelial cells when cell line-derived retinal pigment epithelial cells are cultured in the presence of pathological vitreous. DESIGN Prospective study. SAMPLES 42 patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachments. METHODS D407 retinal pigment epithelial cells were cultured in the presence of cadaver-derived vitreous or vitreous/subretinal fluid derived from patients undergoing retinal reattachment surgeries. Besides the changes in phenotypic characteristics, the viability, proliferation, migration, mesenchymal marker expression and changes in the extracellular matrix components were also evaluated. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Fibrotic phenotype in cell culture. RESULTS Our study clearly demonstrates that cell line-derived retinal pigment epithelial cells (unlike donor-derived retinal pigment epithelial cells) cultured in the presence of patient-derived vitreous/subretinal fluid, exhibit characteristic features of proliferative vitreoretinopathy. CONCLUSIONS We propose that it is the synergistic effect of the combined use of (i) pathological vitreous, rather than cadaver-derived vitreous (since rhegmatogenous retinal detachment-derived pathological vitreous and subretinal fluid contain exaggerated amounts of growth factors, which could predispose to proliferative vitreoretinopathy development) and (ii) cells from an immortal cell culture (cell line), rather than from primary cell cultures (since cells subjected to continuous serial passaging acquire some mesenchymal characteristics), which together result in not only a unique phenotype, but also prime these cells towards display of features associated with proliferative vitreoretinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryada Sharma
- Department of Immunopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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