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Tomaszewska P, Vorontsova MS, Renvoize SA, Ficinski SZ, Tohme J, Schwarzacher T, Castiblanco V, de Vega JJ, Mitchell RAC, Heslop-Harrison JS(P. Complex polyploid and hybrid species in an apomictic and sexual tropical forage grass group: genomic composition and evolution in Urochloa (Brachiaria) species. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2023; 131:87-108. [PMID: 34874999 PMCID: PMC9904353 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcab147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Diploid and polyploid Urochloa (including Brachiaria, Panicum and Megathyrsus species) C4 tropical forage grasses originating from Africa are important for food security and the environment, often being planted in marginal lands worldwide. We aimed to characterize the nature of their genomes, the repetitive DNA and the genome composition of polyploids, leading to a model of the evolutionary pathways within the group including many apomictic species. METHODS Some 362 forage grass accessions from international germplasm collections were studied, and ploidy was determined using an optimized flow cytometry method. Whole-genome survey sequencing and molecular cytogenetic analysis were used to identify chromosomes and genomes in Urochloa accessions belonging to the 'brizantha' and 'humidicola' agamic complexes and U. maxima. KEY RESULTS Genome structures are complex and variable, with multiple ploidies and genome compositions within the species, and no clear geographical patterns. Sequence analysis of nine diploid and polyploid accessions enabled identification of abundant genome-specific repetitive DNA motifs. In situ hybridization with a combination of repetitive DNA and genomic DNA probes identified evolutionary divergence and allowed us to discriminate the different genomes present in polyploids. CONCLUSIONS We suggest a new coherent nomenclature for the genomes present. We develop a model of evolution at the whole-genome level in diploid and polyploid accessions showing processes of grass evolution. We support the retention of narrow species concepts for Urochloa brizantha, U. decumbens and U. ruziziensis, and do not consider diploids and polyploids of single species as cytotypes. The results and model will be valuable in making rational choices of parents for new hybrids, assist in use of the germplasm for breeding and selection of Urochloa with improved sustainability and agronomic potential, and assist in measuring and conserving biodiversity in grasslands.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Joseph Tohme
- International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), A.A. 6713, Cali, Colombia
| | - Trude Schwarzacher
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | | | | | | | - J S (Pat) Heslop-Harrison
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Deo TG, Ferreira RCU, Lara LAC, Moraes ACL, Alves-Pereira A, de Oliveira FA, Garcia AAF, Santos MF, Jank L, de Souza AP. High-Resolution Linkage Map With Allele Dosage Allows the Identification of Regions Governing Complex Traits and Apospory in Guinea Grass ( Megathyrsus maximus). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:15. [PMID: 32161603 PMCID: PMC7054243 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Forage grasses are mainly used in animal feed to fatten cattle and dairy herds, and guinea grass (Megathyrsus maximus) is considered one of the most productive of the tropical forage crops that reproduce by seeds. Due to the recent process of domestication, this species has several genomic complexities, such as autotetraploidy and aposporous apomixis. Consequently, approaches that relate phenotypic and genotypic data are incipient. In this context, we built a linkage map with allele dosage and generated novel information of the genetic architecture of traits that are important for the breeding of M. maximus. From a full-sib progeny, a linkage map containing 858 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers with allele dosage information expected for an autotetraploid was obtained. The high genetic variability of the progeny allowed us to map 10 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) related to agronomic traits, such as regrowth capacity and total dry matter, and 36 QTLs related to nutritional quality, which were distributed among all homology groups (HGs). Various overlapping regions associated with the quantitative traits suggested QTL hotspots. In addition, we were able to map one locus that controls apospory (apo-locus) in HG II. A total of 55 different gene families involved in cellular metabolism and plant growth were identified from markers adjacent to the QTLs and APOSPORY locus using the Panicum virgatum genome as a reference in comparisons with the genomes of Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa. Our results provide a better understanding of the genetic basis of reproduction by apomixis and traits important for breeding programs that considerably influence animal productivity as well as the quality of meat and milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamiris G. Deo
- Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Rebecca C. U. Ferreira
- Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Letícia A. C. Lara
- Genetics Department, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz,” University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Aline C. L. Moraes
- Plant Biology Department, Biology Institute, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Fernanda A. de Oliveira
- Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Antonio A. F. Garcia
- Genetics Department, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz,” University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Mateus F. Santos
- Embrapa Beef Cattle, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Liana Jank
- Embrapa Beef Cattle, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Anete P. de Souza
- Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Plant Biology Department, Biology Institute, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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de C Lara LA, Santos MF, Jank L, Chiari L, Vilela MDM, Amadeu RR, Dos Santos JPR, Pereira GDS, Zeng ZB, Garcia AAF. Genomic Selection with Allele Dosage in Panicum maximum Jacq. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2019; 9:2463-2475. [PMID: 31171567 PMCID: PMC6686918 DOI: 10.1534/g3.118.200986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Genomic selection is an efficient approach to get shorter breeding cycles in recurrent selection programs and greater genetic gains with selection of superior individuals. Despite advances in genotyping techniques, genetic studies for polyploid species have been limited to a rough approximation of studies in diploid species. The major challenge is to distinguish the different types of heterozygotes present in polyploid populations. In this work, we evaluated different genomic prediction models applied to a recurrent selection population of 530 genotypes of Panicum maximum, an autotetraploid forage grass. We also investigated the effect of the allele dosage in the prediction, i.e., considering tetraploid (GS-TD) or diploid (GS-DD) allele dosage. A longitudinal linear mixed model was fitted for each one of the six phenotypic traits, considering different covariance matrices for genetic and residual effects. A total of 41,424 genotyping-by-sequencing markers were obtained using 96-plex and Pst1 restriction enzyme, and quantitative genotype calling was performed. Six predictive models were generalized to tetraploid species and predictive ability was estimated by a replicated fivefold cross-validation process. GS-TD and GS-DD models were performed considering 1,223 informative markers. Overall, GS-TD data yielded higher predictive abilities than with GS-DD data. However, different predictive models had similar predictive ability performance. In this work, we provide bioinformatic and modeling guidelines to consider tetraploid dosage and observed that genomic selection may lead to additional gains in recurrent selection program of P. maximum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia A de C Lara
- Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture / University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Liana Jank
- Embrapa Beef Cattle, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil, and
| | | | | | - Rodrigo R Amadeu
- Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture / University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Jhonathan P R Dos Santos
- Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture / University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Antonio Augusto F Garcia
- Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture / University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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Wedow JM, Yendrek CR, Mello TR, Creste S, Martinez CA, Ainsworth EA. Metabolite and transcript profiling of Guinea grass (Panicum maximum Jacq) response to elevated [CO 2] and temperature. Metabolomics 2019; 15:51. [PMID: 30911851 PMCID: PMC6434026 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-019-1511-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION By mid-century, global atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]) is predicted to reach 600 μmol mol-1 with global temperatures rising by 2 °C. Rising [CO2] and temperature will alter the growth and productivity of major food and forage crops across the globe. Although the impact is expected to be greatest in tropical regions, the impact of climate-change has been poorly studied in those regions. OBJECTIVES This experiment aimed to understand the effects of elevated [CO2] (600 μmol mol-1) and warming (+ 2 °C), singly and in combination, on Panicum maximum Jacq. (Guinea grass) metabolite and transcript profiles. METHODS We created a de novo assembly of the Panicum maximum transcriptome. Leaf samples were taken at two time points in the Guinea grass growing season to analyze transcriptional and metabolite profiles in plants grown at ambient and elevated [CO2] and temperature, and statistical analyses were used to integrate the data. RESULTS Elevated temperature altered the content of amino acids and secondary metabolites. The transcriptome of Guinea grass shows a clear time point separations, with the changes in the elevated temperature and [CO2] combination plots. CONCLUSION Field transcriptomics and metabolomics revealed that elevated temperature and [CO2] result in alterations in transcript and metabolite profiles associated with environmental response, secondary metabolism and stomatal function. These metabolic responses are consistent with greater growth and leaf area production under elevated temperature and [CO2]. These results show that tropical C4 grasslands may have unpredicted responses to global climate change, and that warming during a cool growing season enhances growth and alleviates stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Wedow
- Department of Plant Biology & Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1201 W. Gregory Drive, 147 ERML, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Craig R Yendrek
- Department of Plant Biology & Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1201 W. Gregory Drive, 147 ERML, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Tathyana R Mello
- Department of Biology, FFCLRP, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Silvana Creste
- Instituto Agronômico (IAC), Centro de Cana, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Martinez
- Department of Biology, FFCLRP, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth A Ainsworth
- Department of Plant Biology & Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1201 W. Gregory Drive, 147 ERML, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit, Urbana, IL, USA.
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De novo transcriptome sequencing and assembly from apomictic and sexual Eragrostis curvula genotypes. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185595. [PMID: 29091722 PMCID: PMC5665505 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A long-standing goal in plant breeding has been the ability to confer apomixis to agriculturally relevant species, which would require a deeper comprehension of the molecular basis of apomictic regulatory mechanisms. Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees is a perennial grass that includes both sexual and apomictic cytotypes. The availability of a reference transcriptome for this species would constitute a very important tool toward the identification of genes controlling key steps of the apomictic pathway. Here, we used Roche/454 sequencing technologies to generate reads from inflorescences of E. curvula apomictic and sexual genotypes that were de novo assembled into a reference transcriptome. Near 90% of the 49568 assembled isotigs showed sequence similarity to sequences deposited in the public databases. A gene ontology analysis categorized 27448 isotigs into at least one of the three main GO categories. We identified 11475 SSRs, and several of them were assayed in E curvula germoplasm using SSR-based primers, providing a valuable set of molecular markers that could allow direct allele selection. The differential contribution to each library of the spliced forms of several transcripts revealed the existence of several isotigs produced via alternative splicing of single genes. The reference transcriptome presented and validated in this work will be useful for the identification of a wide range of gene(s) related to agronomic traits of E. curvula, including those controlling key steps of the apomictic pathway in this species, allowing the extrapolation of the findings to other plant species.
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Vigna BBZ, de Oliveira FA, de Toledo-Silva G, da Silva CC, do Valle CB, de Souza AP. Leaf transcriptome of two highly divergent genotypes of Urochloa humidicola (Poaceae), a tropical polyploid forage grass adapted to acidic soils and temporary flooding areas. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:910. [PMID: 27835957 PMCID: PMC5106776 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3270-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urochloa humidicola (Koronivia grass) is a polyploid (6x to 9x) species that is used as forage in the tropics. Facultative apospory apomixis is present in most of the genotypes of this species, although one individual has been described as sexual. Molecular studies have been restricted to molecular marker approaches for genetic diversity estimations and linkage map construction. The objectives of the present study were to describe and compare the leaf transcriptome of two important genotypes that are highly divergent in terms of their phenotypes and reproduction modes: the sexual BH031 and the aposporous apomictic cultivar BRS Tupi. RESULTS We sequenced the leaf transcriptome of Koronivia grass using an Illumina GAIIx system, which produced 13.09 Gb of data that consisted of 163,575,526 paired-end reads between the two libraries. We de novo-assembled 76,196 transcripts with an average length of 1,152 bp and filtered 35,093 non-redundant unigenes. A similarity search against the non-redundant National Center of Biotechnology Information (NCBI) protein database returned 65 % hits. We annotated 24,133 unigenes in the Phytozome database and 14,082 unigenes in the UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot database, assigned 108,334 gene ontology terms to 17,255 unigenes and identified 5,324 unigenes in 327 known metabolic pathways. Comparisons with other grasses via a reciprocal BLAST search revealed a larger number of orthologous genes for the Panicum species. The unigenes were involved in C4 photosynthesis, lignocellulose biosynthesis and flooding stress responses. A search for functional molecular markers revealed 4,489 microsatellites and 560,298 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). A quantitative real-time PCR analysis validated the RNA-seq expression analysis and allowed for the identification of transcriptomic differences between the two evaluated genotypes. Moreover, 192 unannotated sequences were classified as containing complete open reading frames, suggesting that the new, potentially exclusive genes should be further investigated. CONCLUSION The present study represents the first whole-transcriptome sequencing of U. humidicola leaves, providing an important public information source of transcripts and functional molecular markers. The qPCR analysis indicated that the expression of certain transcripts confirmed the differential expression observed in silico, which demonstrated that RNA-seq is useful for identifying differentially expressed and unique genes. These results corroborate the findings from previous studies and suggest a hybrid origin for BH031.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fernanda Ancelmo de Oliveira
- Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering (CBMEG), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP Brazil
| | - Guilherme de Toledo-Silva
- Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering (CBMEG), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP Brazil
- Present Address: Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC Brazil
| | - Carla Cristina da Silva
- Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering (CBMEG), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP Brazil
| | | | - Anete Pereira de Souza
- Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering (CBMEG), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP Brazil
- Department of Plant Biology, Biology Institute, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP Brazil
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Gan L, Di R, Chao Y, Han L, Chen X, Wu C, Yin S. De Novo Transcriptome Analysis for Kentucky Bluegrass Dwarf Mutants Induced by Space Mutation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151768. [PMID: 27010560 PMCID: PMC4807101 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) is a major cool-season turfgrass requiring frequent mowing. Utilization of cultivars with slow growth is a promising method to decrease mowing frequency. In this study, two dwarf mutant selections of Kentucky bluegrass (A12 and A16) induced by space mutation were analyzed for the differentially expressed genes compared with the wild type (WT) by the high-throughput RNA-Seq technology. 253,909 unigenes were obtained by de novo assembly. 24.20% of the unigenes had a significant level of amino acid sequence identity to Brachypodium distachyon proteins, followed by Hordeum vulgare with 18.72% among the non-redundant (NR) Blastx top hits. Assembled unigenes were associated with 32 pathways using KEGG orthology terms and their respective KEGG maps. Between WT and A16 libraries, 4,203 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, whereas there were 883 DEGs between WT and A12 libraries. Further investigation revealed that the DEG pathways were mainly involved in terpenoid biosynthesis and plant hormone metabolism, which might account for the differences of plant height and leaf blade color between dwarf mutant and WT plants. Our study presents the first comprehensive transcriptomic data and gene function analysis of Poa pratensis L., providing a valuable resource for future studies in plant dwarfing breeding and comparative genome analysis for Pooideae plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Gan
- Institute of Turfgrass Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Rong Di
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08901, United States of America
| | - Yuehui Chao
- Institute of Turfgrass Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Liebao Han
- Institute of Turfgrass Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xingwu Chen
- Institute of Turfgrass Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Institute of Turfgrass Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Shuxia Yin
- Institute of Turfgrass Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
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Cherukupalli N, Divate M, Mittapelli SR, Khareedu VR, Vudem DR. De novo Assembly of Leaf Transcriptome in the Medicinal Plant Andrographis paniculata. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1203. [PMID: 27582746 PMCID: PMC4987368 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Andrographis paniculata is an important medicinal plant containing various bioactive terpenoids and flavonoids. Despite its importance in herbal medicine, no ready-to-use transcript sequence information of this plant is made available in the public data base, this study mainly deals with the sequencing of RNA from A. paniculata leaf using Illumina HiSeq™ 2000 platform followed by the de novo transcriptome assembly. A total of 189.22 million high quality paired reads were generated and 1,70,724 transcripts were predicted in the primary assembly. Secondary assembly generated a transcriptome size of ~88 Mb with 83,800 clustered transcripts. Based on the similarity searches against plant non-redundant protein database, gene ontology, and eukaryotic orthologous groups, 49,363 transcripts were annotated constituting upto 58.91% of the identified unigenes. Annotation of transcripts-using kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes database-revealed 5606 transcripts plausibly involved in 140 pathways including biosynthesis of terpenoids and other secondary metabolites. Transcription factor analysis showed 6767 unique transcripts belonging to 97 different transcription factor families. A total number of 124 CYP450 transcripts belonging to seven divergent clans have been identified. Transcriptome revealed 146 different transcripts coding for enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of terpenoids of which 35 contained terpene synthase motifs. This study also revealed 32,341 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) in 23,168 transcripts. Assembled sequences of transcriptome of A. paniculata generated in this study are made available, for the first time, in the TSA database, which provides useful information for functional and comparative genomic analysis besides identification of key enzymes involved in the various pathways of secondary metabolism.
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Ramesh KR, Hemalatha R, Vijayendra CA, Arshi UZS, Dushyant SB, Dinesh KB. Transcriptome analysis of Solanum melongena L. (eggplant) fruit to identify putative allergens and their epitopes. Gene 2016; 576:64-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.09.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Huang X, Yan HD, Zhang XQ, Zhang J, Frazier TP, Huang DJ, Lu L, Huang LK, Liu W, Peng Y, Ma X, Yan YH. De novo Transcriptome Analysis and Molecular Marker Development of Two Hemarthria Species. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:496. [PMID: 27148320 PMCID: PMC4834353 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Hemarthria R. Br. is an important genus of perennial forage grasses that is widely used in subtropical and tropical regions. Hemarthria grasses have made remarkable contributions to the development of animal husbandry and agro-ecosystem maintenance; however, there is currently a lack of comprehensive genomic data available for these species. In this study, we used Illumina high-throughput deep sequencing to characterize of two agriculturally important Hemarthria materials, H. compressa "Yaan" and H. altissima "1110." Sequencing runs that used each of four normalized RNA samples from the leaves or roots of the two materials yielded more than 24 million high-quality reads. After de novo assembly, 137,142 and 77,150 unigenes were obtained for "Yaan" and "1110," respectively. In addition, a total of 86,731 "Yaan" and 48,645 "1110" unigenes were successfully annotated. After consolidating the unigenes for both materials, 42,646 high-quality SNPs were identified in 10,880 unigenes and 10,888 SSRs were identified in 8330 unigenes. To validate the identified markers, high quality PCR primers were designed for both SNPs and SSRs. We randomly tested 16 of the SNP primers and 54 of the SSR primers and found that the majority of these primers successfully amplified the desired PCR product. In addition, high cross-species transferability (61.11-87.04%) of SSR markers was achieved for four other Poaceae species. The amount of RNA sequencing data that was generated for these two Hemarthria species greatly increases the amount of genomic information available for Hemarthria and the SSR and SNP markers identified in this study will facilitate further advancements in genetic and molecular studies of the Hemarthria genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Huang
- Department of Grassland Science, Animal Science and Technology College, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Hai-Dong Yan
- Department of Grassland Science, Animal Science and Technology College, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Xin-Quan Zhang
- Department of Grassland Science, Animal Science and Technology College, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Herbivorous Livestock Research Institute, Chongqing Academy of Animal SciencesChongqing, China
- Jian Zhang
| | - Taylor P. Frazier
- Department of Horticulture, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityBlacksburg, VA, USA
| | - De-Jun Huang
- Herbivorous Livestock Research Institute, Chongqing Academy of Animal SciencesChongqing, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biosciences Faculty, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaCerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Lin-Kai Huang
- Department of Grassland Science, Animal Science and Technology College, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Lin-Kai Huang
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Grassland Science, Animal Science and Technology College, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Yan Peng
- Department of Grassland Science, Animal Science and Technology College, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- Department of Grassland Science, Animal Science and Technology College, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Yan-Hong Yan
- Department of Grassland Science, Animal Science and Technology College, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
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Transcriptome analysis in Coffea eugenioides, an Arabica coffee ancestor, reveals differentially expressed genes in leaves and fruits. Mol Genet Genomics 2015; 291:323-36. [PMID: 26334613 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-015-1111-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Studies in diploid parental species of polyploid plants are important to understand their contributions to the formation of plant and species evolution. Coffea eugenioides is a diploid species that is considered to be an ancestor of allopolyploid Coffea arabica together with Coffea canephora. Despite its importance in the evolutionary history of the main economic species of coffee, no study has focused on C. eugenioides molecular genetics. RNA-seq creates the possibility to generate reference transcriptomes and identify coding genes and potential candidates related to important agronomic traits. Therefore, the main objectives were to obtain a global overview of transcriptionally active genes in this species using next-generation sequencing and to analyze specific genes that were highly expressed in leaves and fruits with potential exploratory characteristics for breeding and understanding the evolutionary biology of coffee. A de novo assembly generated 36,935 contigs that were annotated using eight databases. We observed a total of ~5000 differentially expressed genes between leaves and fruits. Several genes exclusively expressed in fruits did not exhibit similarities with sequences in any database. We selected ten differentially expressed unigenes in leaves and fruits to evaluate transcriptional profiles using qPCR. Our study provides the first gene catalog for C. eugenioides and enhances the knowledge concerning the mechanisms involved in the C. arabica homeologous. Furthermore, this work will open new avenues for studies into specific genes and pathways in this species, especially related to fruit, and our data have potential value in assisted breeding applications.
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Rajkumar H, Ramagoni RK, Anchoju VC, Vankudavath RN, Syed AUZ. De Novo Transcriptome Analysis of Allium cepa L. (Onion) Bulb to Identify Allergens and Epitopes. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135387. [PMID: 26284934 PMCID: PMC4564285 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Allium cepa (onion) is a diploid plant with one of the largest nuclear genomes among all diploids. Onion is an example of an under-researched crop which has a complex heterozygous genome. There are no allergenic proteins and genomic data available for onions. This study was conducted to establish a transcriptome catalogue of onion bulb that will enable us to study onion related genes involved in medicinal use and allergies. Transcriptome dataset generated from onion bulb using the Illumina HiSeq 2000 technology showed a total of 99,074,309 high quality raw reads (~20 Gb). Based on sequence homology onion genes were categorized into 49 different functional groups. Most of the genes however, were classified under 'unknown' in all three gene ontology categories. Of the categorized genes, 61.2% showed metabolic functions followed by cellular components such as binding, cellular processes; catalytic activity and cell part. With BLASTx top hit analysis, a total of 2,511 homologous allergenic sequences were found, which had 37–100% similarity with 46 different types of allergens existing in the database. From the 46 contigs or allergens, 521 B-cell linear epitopes were identified using BepiPred linear epitope prediction tool. This is the first comprehensive insight into the transcriptome of onion bulb tissue using the NGS technology, which can be used to map IgE epitopes and prediction of structures and functions of various proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemalatha Rajkumar
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, Telangana State, 500 007, India
- * E-mail:
| | - Ramesh Kumar Ramagoni
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, Telangana State, 500 007, India
| | - Vijayendra Chary Anchoju
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, Telangana State, 500 007, India
| | - Raju Naik Vankudavath
- Biomedical Informatics Center, National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, Telangana State, 500007, India
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13
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De novo assembly and characterization of Oryza officinalis leaf transcriptome by using RNA-seq. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:982065. [PMID: 25713814 PMCID: PMC4332758 DOI: 10.1155/2015/982065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Although endeavors have been made to identify useful wild rice genes that can be used to improve cultivated rice, the virtual reservoir of genetic variation hidden within the wild relatives of cultivated rice is largely untapped. Here, using next-generation sequencing technology, we investigated the leaf transcriptome of a wild rice O. officinalis with CC genome. Approximately 23 million reads were produced in the species leaf transcriptome analysis and de novo assembly methods constructed 68,132 unigenes. Functional annotations for the unigenes were conducted using sequence similarity comparisons against the following databases: the nonredundant nucleotide database, the nonredundant protein database, the SWISS-PROT database, the Clusters of Orthologous Groups of proteins database, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database, the Gene Ontology Consortium database, and the InterPro domains database. In addition, a total of 476 unigenes related to disease resistance were identified in O. officinalis, and these unigenes can serve as important genetic resources for cultivated rice breeding and quality improvement. The present study broadens our understanding of the genetic background of non-AA genomic wild rice species and it also provides a bridge to extend studies to other Oryza species with CC genomes.
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14
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Bräutigam A, Schliesky S, Külahoglu C, Osborne CP, Weber APM. Towards an integrative model of C4 photosynthetic subtypes: insights from comparative transcriptome analysis of NAD-ME, NADP-ME, and PEP-CK C4 species. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:3579-93. [PMID: 24642845 PMCID: PMC4085959 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
C4 photosynthesis affords higher photosynthetic carbon conversion efficiency than C3 photosynthesis and it therefore represents an attractive target for engineering efforts aiming to improve crop productivity. To this end, blueprints are required that reflect C4 metabolism as closely as possible. Such blueprints have been derived from comparative transcriptome analyses of C3 species with related C4 species belonging to the NAD-malic enzyme (NAD-ME) and NADP-ME subgroups of C4 photosynthesis. However, a comparison between C3 and the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEP-CK) subtype of C4 photosynthesis is still missing. An integrative analysis of all three C4 subtypes has also not been possible to date, since no comparison has been available for closely related C3 and PEP-CK C4 species. To generate the data, the guinea grass Megathyrsus maximus, which represents a PEP-CK species, was analysed in comparison with a closely related C3 sister species, Dichanthelium clandestinum, and with publicly available sets of RNA-Seq data from C4 species belonging to the NAD-ME and NADP-ME subgroups. The data indicate that the core C4 cycle of the PEP-CK grass M. maximus is quite similar to that of NAD-ME species with only a few exceptions, such as the subcellular location of transfer acid production and the degree and pattern of up-regulation of genes encoding C4 enzymes. One additional mitochondrial transporter protein was associated with the core cycle. The broad comparison identified sucrose and starch synthesis, as well as the prevention of leakage of C4 cycle intermediates to other metabolic pathways, as critical components of C4 metabolism. Estimation of intercellular transport fluxes indicated that flux between cells is increased by at least two orders of magnitude in C4 species compared with C3 species. In contrast to NAD-ME and NADP-ME species, the transcription of photosynthetic electron transfer proteins was unchanged in PEP-CK. In summary, the PEP-CK blueprint of M. maximus appears to be simpler than those of NAD-ME and NADP-ME plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bräutigam
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstrasse 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Simon Schliesky
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstrasse 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Canan Külahoglu
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstrasse 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Colin P Osborne
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Andreas P M Weber
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstrasse 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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