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Djikic Rom A, Dragicevic S, Jankovic R, Radojevic Skodric S, Sabljak P, Markovic V, Stojkovic JR, Barisic G, Nikolic A. Markers of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Mucinous Histology Are Significant Predictors of Disease Severity and Tumor Characteristics in Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:1512. [PMID: 39061649 PMCID: PMC11275501 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14141512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Approximately 20% of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) are diagnosed with a mucinous subtype of this tumor, have a worse prognosis, and often show resistance to available therapies. Molecules from the mucin family are involved in the regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which significantly determines the cancer aggressiveness. This study aimed to examine the diagnostic and prognostic significance of mucinous histology and EMT markers in patients with early-onset CRC and their association with disease severity and tumor characteristics. This study included tumor tissue samples from 106 patients diagnosed with CRC before the age of 45, 53 with mucinous and 53 with non-mucinous tumors. The EMT status was determined by immunohistochemical analysis of E-cadherin and Vimentin in tissue sections. Mucinous tumors had significantly higher Mucin-1 (p < 0.001) and cytoplasmic E-cadherin (p = 0.043) scores; they were significantly less differentiated (p = 0.007), more advanced (p = 0.027), and predominately affected right the colon (p = 0.039) compared to non-mucinous tumors. Epithelial tumors were significantly better differentiated (p = 0.034) and with less prominent tumor budding (p < 0.001) than mesenchymal tumors. Mucin-1 and Vimentin were independent predictors of tumor differentiation (p = 0.006) and budding (p = 0.001), respectively. Mucinous histology and EMT markers are significant predictors of disease severity and tumor characteristics in early-onset colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Djikic Rom
- Department of Pathology, Pathohistology and Medical Cytology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Pasterova 2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sandra Dragicevic
- Gene Regulation in Cancer Group, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.D.); (A.N.)
| | - Radmila Jankovic
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (R.J.); (S.R.S.)
| | - Sanja Radojevic Skodric
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (R.J.); (S.R.S.)
| | - Predrag Sabljak
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (P.S.); (V.M.); (J.R.S.); (G.B.)
- Clinic for Digestive Surgery—First Surgical Clinic, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Velimir Markovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (P.S.); (V.M.); (J.R.S.); (G.B.)
- Clinic for Digestive Surgery—First Surgical Clinic, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jovana Rosic Stojkovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (P.S.); (V.M.); (J.R.S.); (G.B.)
| | - Goran Barisic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (P.S.); (V.M.); (J.R.S.); (G.B.)
- Clinic for Digestive Surgery—First Surgical Clinic, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Nikolic
- Gene Regulation in Cancer Group, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.D.); (A.N.)
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Jirapongwattana N, Thongchot S, Pongpaibul A, Trakarnsanga A, Quinn J, Thuwajit P, Thuwajit C, Edwards J. The combined tumour-based Fascin/Snail and stromal periostin reveals the effective prognosis prediction in colorectal cancer patients. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0304666. [PMID: 38935747 PMCID: PMC11210851 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignancy cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) promotes cancer metastasis and a tumour-based Glasgow EMT score was associated with adverse clinical features and poor prognosis. In this study, the impact of using the established five tumour-based EMT markers consisting of E-cadherin (E-cad), β-catenin (β-cat), Snail, Zeb-1, and Fascin in combination with the stromal periostin (PN) on the prediction of CRC patients' prognosis were invesigated. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues of 202 CRC patients were studies the expressions of E-cad, β-cat, Snail, Zeb-1, Fascin, and PN by immunohistochemistry. Individually, cytoplasmic Fascin (Fc), cytoplasmic Snail (Sc), nuclear Snail (Sn), stromal Snail (Ss), and stromal PN (Ps) were significantly associated with reduced survival. A combination of Ps with Fc, Fs, and Sn was observed in 2 patterns including combined Fc, Fs, and Ps (FcFsPs) and Fc, Sn, and Ps (FcSnPs). These combinations enhanced the prognostic power compared to individual EMT markers and were independent prognostic markers. As the previously established scoring method required five markers and stringent criteria, its clinical use might be limited. Therefore, using these novel combined prognostic markers, either FcFsPs or FcSnPs, may be useful in predicting CRC patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niphat Jirapongwattana
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suyanee Thongchot
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Research Department, Siriraj Center of Research Excellence for Cancer Immunotherapy (SiCORE-CIT), Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ananya Pongpaibul
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Atthaphorn Trakarnsanga
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jean Quinn
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Peti Thuwajit
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chanitra Thuwajit
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Joanne Edwards
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Yıldırım H, Turan G, Turan M. Expression of CD44, PCNA and E-cadherin in pterygium tissues. Indian J Ophthalmol 2024; 72:S501-S504. [PMID: 38648458 PMCID: PMC467005 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_2579_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Pterygium is a common ocular surface disease defined by fibrovascular conjunctival growth extending onto the cornea. However, its pathogenesis remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the role of CD44, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and E-cadherin in pterygium formation and recurrence. METHODS Sixty patients with pterygium participated in the study, and we collected conjunctival samples from 30 patients to form a control group. CD44, PCNA, and E-cadherin expressions in surgically excised pterygium were compared with tissue samples from the control group. RESULTS We observed that the percentages of CD44 and PCNA were statistically higher in the primary pterygium group and recurrent pterygium group than in the control group (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). Conversely, E-cadherin values were statistically higher in the control group than in the primary and recurrent pterygium groups (P = 0.013 and P < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION Cell proliferation and cell adhesion factors may play important roles in the pathogenesis of pterygium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humeyra Yıldırım
- Department of Ophthalmology, Balıkesir University, Faculty of Medicine, Balıkesir, Türkiye
| | - Gulay Turan
- Department of Pathology, Balıkesir University, Faculty of Medicine, Balıkesir, Türkiye
| | - Meydan Turan
- Balikesir Ataturk Cıty Hospital, Ophthalmology, Balikesir, Türkiye
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Kato H, Hayami S, Ueno M, Suzaki N, Nakamura M, Yoshimura T, Miyamoto A, Shigekawa Y, Okada K, Miyazawa M, Kitahata Y, Ehata S, Hamamoto R, Yamaue H, Kawai M. Histone methyltransferase SUV420H1/KMT5B contributes to poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Sci 2024; 115:385-400. [PMID: 38082550 PMCID: PMC10859612 DOI: 10.1111/cas.16038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a high rate of recurrence and poor prognosis, even after curative surgery. Multikinase inhibitors have been applied for HCC patients, but their effect has been restricted. This study aims to clarify the clinical impact of SUV420H1/KMT5B, one of the methyltransferases for histone H4 at lysine 20, and elucidate the novel mechanisms of HCC progression. We retrospectively investigated SUV420H1 expression using HCC clinical tissue samples employing immunohistochemical analysis (n = 350). We then performed loss-of-function analysis of SUV420H1 with cell cycle analysis, migration assay, invasion assay and RNA sequence for Gene Ontology (GO) pathway analysis in vitro, and animal experiments with xenograft mice in vivo. The SUV420H1-high-score group (n = 154) had significantly poorer prognosis for both 5-year overall and 2-year/5-year disease-free survival than the SUV420H1-low-score group (n = 196) (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively). The SUV420H1-high-score group had pathologically larger tumor size, more tumors, poorer differentiation, and more positive vascular invasion than the SUV420H1-low-score group. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that SUV420H1 high score was the poorest independent factor for overall survival. SUV420H1 knockdown could suppress cell cycle from G1 to S phase and cell invasion. GO pathway analysis showed that SUV420H1 contributed to cell proliferation, cell invasion, and/or metastasis. Overexpression of SUV420H1 clinically contributed to poor prognosis in HCC, and the inhibition of SUV420H1 could repress tumor progression and invasion both in vitro and in vivo; thus, further analyses of SUV420H1 are necessary for the discovery of future molecularly targeted drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Kato
- Second Department of Surgery, School of MedicineWakayama Medical UniversityWakayamaJapan
| | - Shinya Hayami
- Second Department of Surgery, School of MedicineWakayama Medical UniversityWakayamaJapan
| | - Masaki Ueno
- Second Department of Surgery, School of MedicineWakayama Medical UniversityWakayamaJapan
| | - Norihiko Suzaki
- Second Department of Surgery, School of MedicineWakayama Medical UniversityWakayamaJapan
| | - Masashi Nakamura
- Second Department of Surgery, School of MedicineWakayama Medical UniversityWakayamaJapan
| | - Tomohiro Yoshimura
- Second Department of Surgery, School of MedicineWakayama Medical UniversityWakayamaJapan
| | - Atsushi Miyamoto
- Second Department of Surgery, School of MedicineWakayama Medical UniversityWakayamaJapan
| | - Yoshinobu Shigekawa
- Second Department of Surgery, School of MedicineWakayama Medical UniversityWakayamaJapan
| | - Ken‐Ichi Okada
- Second Department of Surgery, School of MedicineWakayama Medical UniversityWakayamaJapan
| | - Motoki Miyazawa
- Second Department of Surgery, School of MedicineWakayama Medical UniversityWakayamaJapan
| | - Yuji Kitahata
- Second Department of Surgery, School of MedicineWakayama Medical UniversityWakayamaJapan
| | - Shogo Ehata
- Department of Pathology, School of MedicineWakayama Medical UniversityWakayamaJapan
| | - Ryuji Hamamoto
- Division of Medical AI Research and DevelopmentNational Cancer Center Research InstituteTokyoJapan
| | - Hiroki Yamaue
- Second Department of Surgery, School of MedicineWakayama Medical UniversityWakayamaJapan
| | - Manabu Kawai
- Second Department of Surgery, School of MedicineWakayama Medical UniversityWakayamaJapan
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ZEB2/TWIST1/PRMT5/NuRD Multicomplex Contributes to the Epigenetic Regulation of EMT and Metastasis in Colorectal Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143426. [PMID: 35884488 PMCID: PMC9324012 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The EMT plays a crucial role in tumor metastasis, which is the major cause for colorectal carcinoma-related mortality. However, the underlying regulators and mechanisms of EMT in CRC metastasis are still poorly understood; (2) Methods: The transcriptional regulators of EMT in CRC and their functions were examined using RT2212PCR, Western blotting, and luciferase reporter assay. The components of ZEB2/TWIST1 complex and their mutual interactions were identified via affinity purification, mass spectrometry, co-immunoprecipitation, and pull-down experiments. The functional mechanisms of ZEB2/TWIST1/PRMT5/NuRD axis were determined by chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assay. The contribution of ZEB2/TWIST1/PRMT5/NuRD complex in the CRC metastasis was investigated using wound healing, transwell assay, and in vivo xenograft mouse model; (3) Results: We found that ZEB2 and TWIST1 were both significantly upregulated in CRC tissues and EMT of CRC cells. ZEB2 could recruit TWIST1 to the E-cadherin promoter and synergistically repressed its transcription. In addition, ZEB2 physically interacted with TWIST1, PRMT5, and the nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase (NuRD) complex to form a novel repressive multicomplex, leading to epigenetic silencing of E-cadherin in CRC cells. Notably, the combined inhibition of ZEB2 and TWIST1 and epigenetic inhibition markedly reduced CRC metastasis in mice; (4) Conclusions: We revealed for the first time that ZEB2 could recruit TWIST1, PRMT5, and NuRD to form a repressive multicomplex and epigenetically suppresses the transcription of E-cadherin, thereby inducing the EMT process and metastasis in CRC. Our results also confirmed the therapeutic potential of epigenetic inhibitors in CRC.
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Chang K, Jiang L, Sun Y, Li H. Effect of E-cadherin on Prognosis of Colorectal Cancer: A Meta-Analysis Update. Mol Diagn Ther 2022; 26:397-409. [PMID: 35732878 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-022-00593-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The effect of E-cadherin on colorectal cancer is still controversial. In order to clarify the effect of E-cadherin on the prognosis and clinicopathological features of colorectal cancer, a meta-analysis was conducted. METHODS PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library were used to collect all relevant literature published before November 2021, and the corresponding data was extracted to analyze the correlation between the expression of E-cadherin and the prognosis and clinicopathological features of colorectal cancer. In addition, the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) was used to validate our results. RESULTS Fifty-two studies, including 9591 patients, were included in this meta-analysis. According to the meta-analysis, low expression of E-cadherin was significantly associated with shorter overall survival (OS) (hazard ratio [HR] 2.09, 95% confidence interval [CI]1.67-2.62; Z = 6.42, p = 0.000) and disease-free survival (DFS) (HR 2.03, 95% CI 1.71-2.42; Z = 7.95, p = 0.000). In addition, low expression of E-cadherin resulted in higher risk of low differentiation (odds ratio [OR] 0.35, 95% CI 0.25-0.50; p = 0.000), high risk of distant metastasis (OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.35-0.58; p = 0.000), high risk of vascular invasion (OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.45-0.83; p = 0.002), higher risk of lymph node metastasis (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.42-0.69; p = 0.000), high risk of lymphatic invasion (OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.40-0.80; p = 0.001), high risk of deep infiltration (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.50-0.80; p = 0.000), later TNM stage (OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.46-0.78; p = 0.000) and late Dukes' stage (OR 0.35,95% CI 0.25-0.49; p = 0.000), but wasn't associated with tumor size (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.71-1.15; p = 0.406).The results of GEPIA showed that E-cadherin mRNA expression in colorectal cancer tumor tissues and normal tissues had no difference, and had no effect on OS and DFS. CONCLUSION Although not supported by GEPIA, our meta-analysis provided abundant data to suggest that low expression of E-cadherin is associated with poor prognosis in colorectal cancer patients and is an important factor influencing adverse clinicopathological features. Therefore, E-cadherin may be used to predict the prognosis of colorectal cancer and provide guidance for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaibin Chang
- Department of Stomach and Intestine, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, 717 Jinbu Street, Yantai, 264100, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Department of Stomach and Intestine, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, 717 Jinbu Street, Yantai, 264100, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yifeng Sun
- Department of Stomach and Intestine, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, 717 Jinbu Street, Yantai, 264100, Shandong Province, China
| | - He Li
- Department of Stomach and Intestine, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, 717 Jinbu Street, Yantai, 264100, Shandong Province, China.
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Lin TA, Lin WS, Chou YC, Nagabhushanam K, Ho CT, Pan MH. Oxyresveratrol inhibits human colon cancer cell migration through regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition and microRNA. Food Funct 2021; 12:9658-9668. [PMID: 34664597 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01920a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The major cause of death in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients is metastasis. Moreover, lots of studies have emphasized that the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a pivotal step in metastasis. Both transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) can induce or regulate EMT, promoting the loss of intercellular adhesion and increased motility of cancer cells. Therefore, it is necessary to prevent or inhibit the metastasis of colorectal cancer. Relatively little is known about the anti-metastatic effect of oxyresveratrol (OXY), a natural derivative of resveratrol (RES), compared to RES. Accordingly, RES was used as the positive control to investigate the effects of OXY on colon cancer cell migration. The results showed that OXY could significantly inhibit cell migration (67.17% ± 0.04, 64.89% ± 0.04) compared to RES (84.6% ± 0.07, 76.34% ± 0.08) in HCT116 cells and TGF-β-induced HT-29 cells, respectively, via Snail/E-cadherin expression. In addition, OXY improved EMT-related miRNA expression through, for example, lowering the levels of miR-3687 and miR-301a-3p while upregulating miR-3612 in TGF-β-induced HT-29 cells. In conclusion, OXY inhibits human colon cancer cell migration by regulating EMT and miRNAs. Based on these findings, it can be stated that OXY promotes anti-metastatic properties in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ann Lin
- Institute of Food Sciences and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Sheng Lin
- Institute of Food Sciences and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Ya-Chun Chou
- Institute of Food Sciences and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
| | | | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
| | - Min-Hisung Pan
- Institute of Food Sciences and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. .,Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
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Winarko W, Rahayu P, Soeatmadji D, Mintaroem K. Differences in the Expression of β-Catenin Nucleus/Cytoplasm Ratio e-Cadherin and n-Cadherin and Correlation of β-Catenin Cytoplasm and Cadherin in Model of Duke D Stage Colorectal Cancer Cell Line. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.6140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: β-catenin has a critical role in the homeostasis processes. Wnt/β-catenin signaling mainly involved in the modulation of cancer cell development.
AIM: This research aimed to investigate the differences of β-catenin expression observed in the form of nucleus–cytoplasm ratio, the differences of E-cadherin and N-cadherin expressions, and the correlation between N-cadherin and E-cadherin and β-catenin cytoplasm in Dukes D stage colorectal cancer (CRC), which is an advanced stage and has experienced metastasis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study followed an experimental research design. The processes of culture manufacturing and subculture preparation of Dukes D stage CRC cell line model were performed before the administration of β-catenin, E-cadherin, and N-cadherin antibodies. The next process was staining using fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate and rhodamine, and observations were performed using a confocal microscope. The number of cells was counted, and the intensity of antibody expression based on the arbitrary unit was measured.
RESULTS: There was a significant difference between the expression of β-catenin nucleus and cytoplasm expression (p = 0.00), as well as between E-cadherin expression and N-cadherin expression (p = 0.00). In addition, a correlation also existed between an increased N-cadherin expression and decreased E-cadherin expression and β-catenin cytoplasm in Dukes D stage CRC, but the results were not significant (p = 0.837 and p = 0.108).
CONCLUSION: In advanced-stage CRC (Dukes D), the Wnt signaling proved to be active and was characterized by a high expression of β-catenin nucleus, it activates the target gene. Similarly, at the Dukes D stage, N-cadherin expression increased whereas E-cadherin expression decreased in which causing the translocation of β-catenin into the nucleus.
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Winarko L, Rahajoe P, Soeatmadji D, Mintaroem K. Wnt Signaling and Cadherin Expressions in Different Staging of Colorectal Cancer as Biomarkers for Metastasis: Study of SW480, COLO 320DM, and HCT116 Cellines. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.6538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Early metastases is still unresolved problem in cancer management, eventually in colorectal cancer (CRC). In addition, many markers are useful just only in the late stage of CRC.
AIM: This study evaluates the differences in the expression intensity of nuclear β-catenin, cytoplasmic β-catenin, E-cadherin, and N-cadherin between CRC SW480 cell line as control group and COLO320DM and HCT116 cell lines as case groups.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study applied experimental research design with the different test methods. Culture growing and subcultures manufacturing for the CRC cell line models were done initially and followed by the immunofluorescence method by administering antibodies on β-catenin, E-cadherin, and N-cadherin, and continued with staining process using fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate and 4’, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole. Observations were done using an immunofluorescence microscope. Calculation of area density in each cell to perceive the expressions of cytoplasmic and nuclear β-catenin, E-cadherin, and N-cadherin was conducted using ImageJ software, resulted in mean fluorescence intensity.
RESULTS: There are significant differences in the expressions of cytoplasmic β-catenin, nuclear β-catenin, E-cadherin, and N-cadherin among SW480, COLO320DM, and HCT116 cell lines (p < 0.05). Despite no significant differences in cytoplasmic and nuclear β-catenin expressions between SW480 and HCT116 cell lines, and in E-cadherin and N-cadherin expressions between COLO320DM and HCT116 cell lines (p > 0.05). SW480 cell line has a higher expression of nuclear β-catenin than the cytoplasm (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: This study reveals differences in the expression of nucleic and cytoplasmic β-catenin, E-cadherin, and N-cadherin in three stages of CRC (Duke B, C, and D) refer to different activation invasion, migration, and metastatic processes. Furthermore, the high expression of nuclear β-catenin and N-cadherin in the early stage of CRC indicate there is a metastatic process in that stage, so nuclear β-catenin and cadherin can be considered as potential biomarkers in the early stage of this cancer.
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Li C, Wang H, Fang H, He C, Pei Y, Gai X. FOXP3 facilitates the invasion and metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer cells through regulating VEGF, EMT and the Notch1/Hes1 pathway. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:958. [PMID: 34335900 PMCID: PMC8290412 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) is a specific marker of regulatory T cells (Tregs) that is also expressed in tumour cells. Previous studies have revealed that FOXP3 can promote metastasis in several types of cancer, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, the underlying mechanism of FOXP3 remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of FOXP3 on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the Notch1/Hes1 pathway in NSCLC. After FOXP3 small interfering RNA (siRNAs) were transfected into A549 cells, the expression of FOXP3 mRNA and protein was determined by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting. Cell migration and invasion were analyzed by Transwell assays. The concentrations of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9 and VEGF in the cell supernatant were evaluated by ELISA. The expression of relevant proteins involved in EMT and Notch1/Hes1 pathway were assessed via western blotting. Additionally, the expression of FOXP3, CD31 and E-cadherin was detected by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of 55 human NSCLC tissue samples. The results demonstrated that FOXP3 knockdown significantly inhibited the cell migratory and invasive abilities, decreased the concentrations of MMP-2, MMP-9 and VEGF, downregulated the protein expression of vimentin, N-cadherin, Notch1 and Hes family BHLH transcription factor 1 (Hes1), and upregulated the protein expression of E-cadherin. Furthermore, FOXP3 expression was positively associated with CD31+ vascular endothelial cells and negatively correlated with E-cadherin in NSCLC tissues. In addition, the Notch1/Hes1 pathway inhibitor DAPT significantly downregulated the expression of FOXP3 in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, these findings demonstrated that FOXP3 may facilitate the invasive and migratory abilities of NSCLC cells via regulating the angiogenic factor VEGF, the EMT and the Notch1/Hes1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin 132013, P.R. China
| | - Hefei Wang
- Department of Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xiang Ya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Hui Fang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin 132013, P.R. China.,Department of Laboratory, Chifeng Clinical Medical School, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Chifeng, Inner Mongolia 024000, P.R. China
| | - Chengyuan He
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin 132013, P.R. China
| | - Yijie Pei
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin 132013, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Gai
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin 132013, P.R. China
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Matly A, Quinn JA, McMillan DC, Park JH, Edwards J. The relationship between β-catenin and patient survival in colorectal cancer systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2021; 163:103337. [PMID: 33992802 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
β-catenin is a key component of Wnt signalling, which plays a crucial role in CRC progression. Therefore, a meta-analysis was performed to assess the prognostic value of β-catenin expression in CRC patients. PubMed and Web of Science were searched for relevant publications referring to the association between β-catenin expression and outcome of CRC patients. Review Manager version 5.4 was employed to analysis data from 28 eligible studies (containing 5475 patients). Of these, 6 provided data on DFS, 6 provided data on CSS and 18 reports provided data on OS. High nuclear β-catenin expression was significantly associated with poorer DFS, CSS and OS in patients with CRC whereas, low membranous β-catenin expression was associated to poor OS. In conclusion, β-catenin has prognostic value and potential as a biomarker to stratify patients with CRC. However, further work with high quantity tissue cohorts and patient data is required to confirm this conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amna Matly
- Unit of Experimental Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, G61 1QH, United Kingdom.
| | - Jean A Quinn
- Unit of Experimental Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, G61 1QH, United Kingdom.
| | - Donald C McMillan
- Academic Unit of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Alexandria Parade, Glasgow, G31 2ER, United Kingdom.
| | - James H Park
- Academic Unit of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Alexandria Parade, Glasgow, G31 2ER, United Kingdom.
| | - Joanne Edwards
- Unit of Experimental Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, G61 1QH, United Kingdom.
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12
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Li C, Liu JY, Jiang D, Qiu M. Expression and prognostic value of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and cancer stem cellmarkersin primary lesions and liver metastases of colorectal cancers. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:499. [PMID: 33981361 PMCID: PMC8108244 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers are considered useful indicators associated with metastasis and prognosis of colorectal cancers (CRCs). However, only a few studies have focused on the expression of these useful markers in metastases. Metastasectomy is widely used in advanced CRCs, and thus the postoperative prognostic factors are worth investigating. The present study investigated the consistency and differences of target proteins between primary and metastatic lesions of colorectal cancer, and discussed the prognostic indicators following resection of colorectal liver metastases. Clinical data of 56 patients with liver metastases from colorectal cancer were collected and the expression levels of target proteins (Ki-67, CD133, CD44, Snail, E-cadherin and β-catenin) were detected in primary tumor and matched liver metastases via immunohistochemistry analysis. Paired comparison between both tissue types was performed. The prognostic values of the target proteins for resectable colorectal cancer liver metastases were assessed. No significant differences were observed between the primary tissues and metastatic tissues. The consistency rates of these protein expression levels ranged from 51.8-78.6%. The maximum diameter of the liver metastases was <5 cm. Low Snail expression in metastases was associated with a longer overall survival (OS) time following resection of colorectal liver metastases. Furthermore, N0 stage and low carcinoembryonic antigen levels were associated with a longer progression-free survival time. Notably, no significant differences were observed in expression levels of the target proteins between the primary tumors and liver metastases. Taken together, the results of the present study suggest that Snail expression in liver metastases may be used as a novel independent prognostic factor for OS following resection of colorectal liver metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China.,Department of Radioncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing Cancer Institute, Chongqing 400030, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Yan Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Dan Jiang
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Meng Qiu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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Zhu X, Zhou G, Ni P, Jiang X, Huang H, Wu J, Shi X, Jiang X, Liu J. CD31 and D2-40 Contribute to Peritoneal Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer by Promoting Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. Gut Liver 2021; 15:273-283. [PMID: 32390409 PMCID: PMC7960977 DOI: 10.5009/gnl19407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Colorectal cancer (CRC) patients often exhibit peritoneal metastasis, which negatively impacts their prognosis. CD31 and D2-40 have recently been suggested to be predictors of breast cancer prognosis, but their role in colorectal peritoneal metastasis (CRPM) remains unknown. Methods The expression profiles of CD31 and D2-40 were analyzed in CRC patients with or without CRPM and in CRC cell lines with increasing metastatic potential. Overexpression and short hairpin RNA knockdown assays were performed in CRC cells, and the effects of these alterations on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in vitro, growth of xenograft tumors in vivo, and peritoneal metastasis potential in a mouse model of CRPM were examined. Results The expressions of CD31 and D2-40 were upregulated in CRC tumor tissues and was elevated further in tumor tissues from patients with CRPM. CD31 and D2-40 expression levels exhibited increasing trends parallel to the EMT potential of CRC cells. CD31 and D2-40 are essential for CRC cell EMT in vitro as well as for xenograft tumor growth and peritoneal metastasis in vivo. Conclusions CD31 and D2-40 contribute to CRPM by promoting EMT and may serve as prognostic markers and therapeutic targets for CRC, particularly in patients with peritoneal metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinqiang Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, China
| | - Gang Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Ni
- Department of General Surgery, Suining County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suining, China
| | - Xuetong Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, China
| | - Hailong Huang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, China
| | - Jianqiang Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, China
| | - Xiaohong Shi
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, China
| | - Xiaoling Jiang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, China
| | - Jianing Liu
- Department of Digestion, The Affiliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, China
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14
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Afshan FU, Masood A, Nissar B, Chowdri NA, Naykoo NA, Majid M, Ganai BA. Promoter hypermethylation regulates vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression in colorectal cancer-A study from Kashmir valley. Cancer Genet 2021; 252-253:96-106. [PMID: 33486463 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal carcinogenesis (CRC) is a multistep process, involving both genetic and epigenetic modifications of genes involved in diverse pathways ranging from tumor suppression to DNA mismatch repair. PURPOSE This study was undertaken to assess the role of promoter methylation of vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene, a transcription factor with myriad biological functions, in relation to its expression and clinicopathological parameters. METHODS Tissue specimens were taken from a total of 75 colorectal cancer cases paired with their normal surrounding epithelium and analyzed by Real-time RT-PCR for assessing the expression profile and MS-PCR for analyzing the promoter methylation status of the VDR gene. Blood sample from the same patients was drawn for vitamin D estimation. RESULTS The frequency of promoter methylation in cancerous tissue was 37.33% against 9.33% in normal tissues (p<0.001). The hypermethylated status of VDR promoter showed significantly inverse association with its expression (p=0.008). Furthermore, when compared with the clinical parameters, methylation status of VDR promoter was significantly associated with tumor staging (p=0.008), grading (p<0.001), depth of invasion (p=0.002) and lymph node metastases (p<0.001). Univariate and multivariate analysis indicated patients with increased VDR expression (p<0.001) and decreased methylation status (p=0.012) exhibited longer overall survival. Additionally, serum 25(OH)D3 levels were not significantly associated with any of the patient characteristics. CONCLUSION Our study, first of its kind from Kashmir, indicated that VDR shows aberrant methylation pattern in CRC with consequent loss in its expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falaque Ul Afshan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006, India.
| | - Akbar Masood
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006, India.
| | - Bushra Nissar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006, India.
| | - Nisar Ahmad Chowdri
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, SKIMS, Soura, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190011, India.
| | - Niyaz Ahmad Naykoo
- Department of Biotechnology, Government College for Women, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190002, India.
| | - Misbah Majid
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006, India.
| | - Bashir Ahmad Ganai
- Centre For Research and Development, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006, India.
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15
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Su H, Chang C, Hao J, Xu X, Bao M, Luo S, Zhao C, Liu Q, Wang X, Zhou Z, Zhou H. Identification of Genomic Alterations of Perineural Invasion in Patients with Stage II Colorectal Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:11571-11582. [PMID: 33204110 PMCID: PMC7667198 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s264616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The molecular mechanism of perineural invasion (PNI) in stage II colorectal cancer (CRC) remains not to be defined clearly. This study aims to identify the genomic aberrations related to PNI in stage II CRC. Patients and Methods Using array-based comparative genomic hybridization (array-CGH), primary tumor tissues and paracancerous normal tissues of stage II CRC with PNI and without PNI were analyzed. We identified genomic aberrations by using Genomic Workbench and MD-SeeGH and validated the aberrations of selected genes by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Gene ontology (GO) and pathway analysis were performed to determine the most likely biological effects of these genes. Results The most frequent gains in stage II CRC were at 7q11.21-q11.22, 8p11.21, 8p12-p11.23, 8q11.1-q11.22, 13q12.13-q12.2, and 20q11.21-q11.23 and the most frequent losses were at 17p13.1-p12, 8p23.2, and 118q11.2-q23. Four high-level amplifications at 8p11.23-p11.22, 18q21.1, 19q11-q12, and 20q11.21-q13.32 and homozygous deletions at 20p12.1 were discovered in Stage II CRC. Gains at 7q11.21-q22.1, 16p11.2, 17q23.3-q25.3, 19p13.3-p12, and 20p13-p11.1, and losses at 11q11-q12.1, 11p15.5-p15.1, 18p11.21, and 18q21.1-q23 were more commonly found in patients with PNI by frequency plot comparison together with detailed genomic analysis. It is also observed that gains at 8q11.1-q24.3, 9q13-q34.3, and 13q12.3-q13.1, and losses at 8p23.3-p12, 17p13.3-p11.2, and 21q22.12 occurred more frequently in patients without PNI. Further validation showed that the expression of FLT1, FBXW7, FGFR1, SLC20A2 and SERPINI1 was significantly up-regulated in the NPNI group compared to the PNI group. GO and pathway analysis revealed some genes enriched in specific pathways. Conclusion These involved genomic changes in the PNI of stage II CRC may be useful to reveal the mechanisms underlying PNI and provide candidate biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Su
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajie Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Mandula Bao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shou Luo
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanduo Zhao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xishan Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixiang Zhou
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Haitao Zhou
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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16
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Schulte am Esch J, Windmöller BA, Hanewinkel J, Storm J, Förster C, Wilkens L, Krüger M, Kaltschmidt B, Kaltschmidt C. Isolation and Characterization of Two Novel Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines, Containing a Subpopulation with Potential Stem-Like Properties: Treatment Options by MYC/NMYC Inhibition. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092582. [PMID: 32927768 PMCID: PMC7564713 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The aim of this study was to gain a better understanding of cancer stem cells, which are a small subpopulation of tumor cells with high plasticity driving tumor growth and metastasis. Here we isolated two novel colorectal cancer cell lines originating from a rectal neuroendocrine carcinoma and a colorectal adenocarcinoma, depicting stem-like properties. These in vitro models offer the possibility to evaluate pathophysiological mechanisms in order to develop tailored therapeutic strategies for distinct colorectal malignancies. Investigations revealed gene copy number gain of the N-myc proto-oncogene for both. Accordingly, inhibition of the protein–protein interaction of myc and N-myc proto-oncogenes with the myc-associated factor X utilizing small molecule KJ-Pyr-9, exhibited a significant reduction in survival of both cell lines by the induction of apoptosis. Consequently, the blockage of these interactions may serve as a possible treatment strategy for colorectal cancer cell lines with gene copy number gain of the N-myc proto-oncogene. Abstract Cancer stem cells (CSC) are crucial mediators of cancer relapse. Here, we isolated two primary human colorectal cancer cell lines derived from a rectal neuroendocrine carcinoma (BKZ-2) and a colorectal adenocarcinoma (BKZ-3), both containing subpopulations with potential stem-like properties. Protein expression of CSC-markers prominin-1 and CD44 antigen was significantly higher for BKZ-2 and BKZ-3 in comparison to well-established colon carcinoma cell lines. High sphere-formation capacity further confirmed the existence of a subpopulation with potential stem-like phenotype. Epithelial–mesenchymal transition markers as well as immune checkpoint ligands were expressed more pronounced in BKZ-2. Both cell populations demonstrated N-myc proto-oncogene (NMYC) copy number gain. Myc proto-oncogene (MYC)/NMYC activity inhibitor all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) significantly reduced the number of tumor spheres for both and the volume of BKZ-2 spheres. In contrast, the sphere volume of ATRA-treated BKZ-3 was increased, and only BKZ-2 cell proliferation was reduced in monolayer culture. Treatment with KJ-Pyr-9, a specific inhibitor of MYC/NMYC-myc-associated factor X interaction, decreased survival by the induction of apoptosis of both. In summary, here, we present the novel colorectal cancer cell lines BKZ-2 and BKZ-3 as promising cellular in vitro models for colorectal carcinomas and identify the MYC/NMYC molecular pathway involved in CSC-induced carcinogenesis with relevant therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Schulte am Esch
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Protestant Hospital of Bethel Foundation, 33611 Bielefeld, Germany;
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld (FBMB), 33611 Bielefeld, Germany; (J.S.); (C.F.); (L.W.); (M.K.); (B.K.); (C.K.)
| | - Beatrice Ariane Windmöller
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld (FBMB), 33611 Bielefeld, Germany; (J.S.); (C.F.); (L.W.); (M.K.); (B.K.); (C.K.)
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, 33611 Bielefeld, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-0521-106-5629
| | - Johannes Hanewinkel
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, 33611 Bielefeld, Germany;
| | - Jonathan Storm
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld (FBMB), 33611 Bielefeld, Germany; (J.S.); (C.F.); (L.W.); (M.K.); (B.K.); (C.K.)
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, 33611 Bielefeld, Germany;
| | - Christine Förster
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld (FBMB), 33611 Bielefeld, Germany; (J.S.); (C.F.); (L.W.); (M.K.); (B.K.); (C.K.)
- Institute of Pathology, KRH Hospital Nordstadt, affiliated with the Protestant Hospital of Bethel Foundation, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ludwig Wilkens
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld (FBMB), 33611 Bielefeld, Germany; (J.S.); (C.F.); (L.W.); (M.K.); (B.K.); (C.K.)
- Institute of Pathology, KRH Hospital Nordstadt, affiliated with the Protestant Hospital of Bethel Foundation, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Krüger
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld (FBMB), 33611 Bielefeld, Germany; (J.S.); (C.F.); (L.W.); (M.K.); (B.K.); (C.K.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Protestant Hospital of Bethel Foundation, 33611 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Barbara Kaltschmidt
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld (FBMB), 33611 Bielefeld, Germany; (J.S.); (C.F.); (L.W.); (M.K.); (B.K.); (C.K.)
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, 33611 Bielefeld, Germany;
- Molecular Neurobiology, University of Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Christian Kaltschmidt
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld (FBMB), 33611 Bielefeld, Germany; (J.S.); (C.F.); (L.W.); (M.K.); (B.K.); (C.K.)
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, 33611 Bielefeld, Germany;
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Losi L, Zanocco-Marani T, Grande A. Cadherins down-regulation: towards a better understanding of their relevance in colorectal cancer. Histol Histopathol 2020; 35:1391-1402. [PMID: 32567668 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The down-regulation of cadherin expression in colorectal cancer (CRC) has been widely studied. However, existing data on cadherin expression are highly variable and its relevance to CRC development has not been completely established. This review examines published studies on cadherins whose down-regulation has been already demonstrated in CRC, trying to establish a relationship with promoter methylation, the capacity to influence the Wnt / CTNNB1 (catenin beta 1, beta-catenin) signalling pathway and the clinical implications for disease outcome. Moreover, it also analyses factors that may explain data variability and highlights the importance of considering the altered subcellular localization of the examined cadherins. The results of this survey reveal that thirty of one hundred existing cadherins appear to be down-regulated in CRC. Among these, ten are cadherins, sixteen are protocadherins, equally divided between clustered and non clustered, and four are cadherin - related. These findings suggest that, to better define the role played by cadherin down-regulation in CRC pathogenesis, the expression of multiple rather than individual cadherins should be taken into account and further functional studies are necessary to clarify the relative ability of individual cadherins to inhibit CTNNB1 therefore acting as tumor suppressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Losi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
| | | | - Alexis Grande
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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18
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Yang T, Fan J, Liang H, He D, Zeng X, Fan J, Wu K. Reduced E-cadherin expression as a prognostic factor in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Prog Urol 2020; 30:66-74. [PMID: 32061496 DOI: 10.1016/j.purol.2019.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES The exact role of E-cadherin in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is still unknown, and the aims of this study were to prove whether reduced E-cadherin expression can be a prognostic factor in patients with NMIBC. MATERIALS AND METHODS A meta-analysis was conducted to assess the prognostic value of reduced E-cadherin expression in NMIBC. The PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases were included in the study search. RESULTS Fifteen studies with a total of 1538 NMIBC patients were included. The results showed that reduced E-cadherin expression was significantly associated with poor recurrence-free survival (RFS) (pooled HR 2.16, 95% CI 1.22-3.85) and progression-free survival (PFS) (pooled HR 1.91, 95% CI 1.52-2.40) in NMIBC patients. CONCLUSION E-cadherin can be a prognostic factor for patients with NMIBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061 Xi'an, PR China
| | - J Fan
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061 Xi'an, PR China
| | - H Liang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061 Xi'an, PR China
| | - D He
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061 Xi'an, PR China
| | - X Zeng
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, 430071 Wuhan, PR China
| | - J Fan
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061 Xi'an, PR China
| | - K Wu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061 Xi'an, PR China.
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Kim H, Shin S, Kim Y, Bang S, Park S, Jee S, Sim J, Jang K, Paik S. The clinicopathologic significance of extranodal tumor extension in locally advanced (pT3) colorectal adenocarcinoma and its association with the loss of E-cadherin expression. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2019; 12:3417-3425. [PMID: 31934185 PMCID: PMC6949839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the clinicopathologic significance of extranodal tumor extension (ENTE) in locally advanced and prognostically inhomogeneous pT3 (pathologic T3) colorectal adenocarcinomas with regional lymph node metastasis. ENTE is defined as an interruption of the nodal capsule by tumor cells with extranodal growth. ENTE was observed in 46.3% of pT3 colorectal adenocarcinomas and was significantly associated with vascular invasion (P = 0.037, chi-square test), tumor deposit (P = 0.004, chi-square test) and high pN (pathologic N) stage (P = 0.002, chi-square test). An immunohistochemical study revealed that the loss of E-cadherin was significantly associated with ENTE (OR, 2.265; 95% CI, 1.008-5.086; P = 0.048). Kaplan-Meier survival analyses showed a significant difference between ENTE (+) and ENTE (-) groups for both cancer-specific survival (CSS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) (P = 0.004 and P = 0.020, respectively, log-rank test). In the pN1a (single lymph node metastasis) subgroup, CSS and RFS were significantly shorter in patients with ENTE (P = 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively, log-rank test). Comparing CSS and RFS according to pN stages and ENTE status, the survival curves of the pN1 group with ENTE were similar to those of the pN2 group without ENTE. ENTE is a useful prognostic factor for pT3 colorectal adenocarcinomas with regional lymph node metastasis, especially depending on the pN stages. The loss of E-cadherin expression may be an indicator of ENTE. Therefore, ENTE in colorectal adenocarcinoma should be considered in pN staging systems in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunsung Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sujin Shin
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yeseul Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seongsik Bang
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seongeon Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seungyun Jee
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jongmin Sim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kiseok Jang
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seungsam Paik
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University Seoul, South Korea
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Daulagala AC, Bridges MC, Kourtidis A. E-cadherin Beyond Structure: A Signaling Hub in Colon Homeostasis and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2756. [PMID: 31195621 PMCID: PMC6600153 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
E-cadherin is the core component of epithelial adherens junctions, essential for tissue development, differentiation, and maintenance. It is also fundamental for tissue barrier formation, a critical function of epithelial tissues. The colon or large intestine is lined by an epithelial monolayer that encompasses an E-cadherin-dependent barrier, critical for the homeostasis of the organ. Compromised barriers of the colonic epithelium lead to inflammation, fibrosis, and are commonly observed in colorectal cancer. In addition to its architectural role, E-cadherin is also considered a tumor suppressor in the colon, primarily a result of its opposing function to Wnt signaling, the predominant driver of colon tumorigenesis. Beyond these well-established traditional roles, several studies have portrayed an evolving role of E-cadherin as a signaling epicenter that regulates cell behavior in response to intra- and extra-cellular cues. Intriguingly, these recent findings also reveal tumor-promoting functions of E-cadherin in colon tumorigenesis and new interacting partners, opening future avenues of investigation. In this Review, we focus on these emerging aspects of E-cadherin signaling, and we discuss their implications in colon biology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda C Daulagala
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
| | - Mary Catherine Bridges
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
| | - Antonis Kourtidis
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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21
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McNair K, Forrest CM, Vincenten MCJ, Darlington LG, Stone TW. Serine protease modulation of Dependence Receptors and EMT protein expression. Cancer Biol Ther 2018; 20:349-367. [PMID: 30403907 PMCID: PMC6370372 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2018.1529109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of the tumour suppressor Deleted in Colorectal Cancer (DCC) and the related protein neogenin is reduced by the mammalian serine protease chymotrypsin or the bacterial serine protease subtilisin, with increased cell migration. The present work examines whether these actions are associated with changes in the expression of cadherins, β-catenin and vimentin, established markers of the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) which has been linked with cell migration and tumour metastasis. The results confirm the depletion of DCC and neogenin and show that chymotrypsin and subtilisin also reduce expression of β-catenin in acutely prepared tissue sections but not in human mammary adenocarcinoma MCF-7 or MDA-MB-231 cells cultured in normal media, or primary normal human breast cells. A loss of β-catenin was also seen in low serum media but transfecting cells with a dcc-containing plasmid induced resistance. E-cadherin was not consistently affected but vimentin was induced by low serum-containing media and was increased by serine proteases in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells in parallel with increased wound closure. Vimentin might contribute to the promotion of cell migration. The results suggest that changes in EMT proteins depend on the cells or tissues concerned and do not parallel the expression of DCC and neogenin. The increased cell migration induced by serine proteases is not consistently associated with the expression of the EMT proteins implying either that the increased migration may be independent of EMT or supporting the view that EMT is not itself consistently related to migration. (241).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara McNair
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Caroline M. Forrest
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Maria C. J. Vincenten
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Trevor W. Stone
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- The Kennedy Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford UK
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22
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Balci MG, Tayfur M. Loss of E-cadherin expression in recurrent non-invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2018; 11:4163-4168. [PMID: 31949810 PMCID: PMC6962804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bladder cancer is the most common malignancy in the urothelial tract. Invasive cancer has a poor prognosis compared to non-invasive cancer, and identifying the cancer type is useful in determining the most appropriate treatment. In this study, the expression ratios of E-cadherin in non-invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder were investigated. The goal of the study was to predict possible invasion in the recurrence of these cases. MATERIAL AND METHODS Seventy-two recurrent non-invasive cases of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder were retrospectively analyzed. An immunohistochemical study of E-cadherin was performed of the baseline tissue sections. An evaluation was carried out of the intensity of membranous staining of E-cadherin and the percentage of cells that stained positive. RESULTS Invasive cancer was identified in the recurrence material of 14 of the 72 urothelial carcinomas of the bladder that were originally non-invasive based on the baseline samples. The rate of invasion in the recurrence material was significantly higher in cases in which the loss of E-cadherin expression was observed. CONCLUSION If E-cadherin expression is negative or weak, close clinical follow-up of patients is necessary, even if the initial diagnosis is non-invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. This is because the rate of invasion in these cases is higher in recurrent cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mecdi Gurhan Balci
- Department of Pathology, Erzincan University, Faculty of Medicine Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Mahir Tayfur
- Department of Pathology, Erzincan University, Faculty of Medicine Erzincan, Turkey
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23
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Borcherding N, Cole K, Kluz P, Jorgensen M, Kolb R, Bellizzi A, Zhang W. Re-Evaluating E-Cadherin and β-Catenin: A Pan-Cancer Proteomic Approach with an Emphasis on Breast Cancer. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 188:1910-1920. [PMID: 29879416 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
E-cadherin is conventionally considered to be a good prognostic marker in cancer. The loss of E-cadherin is one of the key hallmarks of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, a biological process that promotes cancer cell invasiveness and metastasis. Recent evidence has cast doubt on the importance of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in metastasis. The availability of protein-level data in the Cancer Genome Atlas allows for the quantitative analysis of protein and prognosis. The prognostic values of E-cadherin and β-catenin were revisited across 19 cancer types, and high E-cadherin was found to correlate with good prognosis in most cancers. Conversely, higher E-cadherin and β-catenin correlated with shorter survival in invasive breast carcinoma. Stratifying breast cancers by histologic subtype revealed that the poor prognosis of E-cadherin and β-catenin proteins was characteristic of infiltrating ductal, but not lobular, carcinomas. To further corroborate the protein findings and examine cellular localization, immunohistochemistry was used for E-cadherin and β-catenin in 163 breast patient samples from the Iowa cohort. Most previous studies showing that reduced or absent E-cadherin and β-catenin was inversely associated with tumor stages in ductal carcinomas were confirmed. Taken together, these results lead us to question the prognostic values of E-cadherin and β-catenin in ductal carcinomas and indicate a complicated role of E-cadherin and β-catenin in breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Borcherding
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Cancer Biology Graduate Program, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Medical Scientist Training Program, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Kimberly Cole
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Paige Kluz
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Michael Jorgensen
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Ryan Kolb
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Andrew Bellizzi
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.
| | - Weizhou Zhang
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Cancer Biology Graduate Program, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Medical Scientist Training Program, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.
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24
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Wu J, Chen J, Xi Y, Wang F, Sha H, Luo L, Zhu Y, Hong X, Bu S. High glucose induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition and results in the migration and invasion of colorectal cancer cells. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:222-230. [PMID: 29896243 PMCID: PMC5995072 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Hyperglycemia, a chronic abnormality in diabetes, is an independent predictor of cancer-associated mortality in CRC. However, the underlying biological mechanism of hyperglycemia in CRC cells is largely unknown. In the present study, HCT-116 and HT-29 cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion were assessed. In addition, the expression of epithelial (E)-cadherin, vimentin and high-mobility group A protein 2 (HMGA2) were assessed using western blotting. The results demonstrated that high glucose (HG; 30 mmol/l) caused CRC cells to lose their epithelial morphology, with a decrease in E-cadherin and an increase in vimentin, suggesting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Furthermore, HG significantly enhanced the cell migration and invasion of CRC cells and the expression of HMGA2. Transfection with HMGA2 small interfering RNA reversed the HG-induced changes to CRC cells. In addition, HG promoted CRC cell proliferation and suppressed apoptosis. The results of the present study suggest that hyperglycemia promotes EMT, proliferation, migration and invasion in CRC cells and may provide novel insights into the link between HG and CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayan Wu
- Runliang Diabetes Laboratory, Diabetes Research Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Jiayi Chen
- Runliang Diabetes Laboratory, Diabetes Research Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Yang Xi
- Runliang Diabetes Laboratory, Diabetes Research Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Fuyan Wang
- Runliang Diabetes Laboratory, Diabetes Research Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Hongcun Sha
- Department of General Surgery, Ningbo Urology and Nephrology Hospital, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315192, P.R. China
| | - Lin Luo
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Yabin Zhu
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoming Hong
- Department of General Surgery, Ningbo Urology and Nephrology Hospital, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315192, P.R. China
| | - Shizhong Bu
- Runliang Diabetes Laboratory, Diabetes Research Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China.,School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
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25
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Gaines S, Williamson AJ, Hyman N, Kandel J. How the microbiome is shaping our understanding of cancer biology and its treatment. SEMINARS IN COLON AND RECTAL SURGERY 2018. [DOI: 10.1053/j.scrs.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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26
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Sun D, Shen W, Zhang F, Fan H, Xu C, Li L, Tan J, Miao Y, Zhang H, Yang Y, Cheng H. α-Hederin inhibits interleukin 6-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition associated with disruption of JAK2/STAT3 signaling in colon cancer cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 101:107-114. [PMID: 29477470 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.02.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer is the third most frequently diagnosed malignancy and has high morbidity worldwide. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been increasingly implicated in colon cancer progression and metastasis. The present study was aimed to evaluate the potential antitumor activity of α-hederin, a monodesmosidic triterpenoid saponin isolated from Hedera helix, in human SW620 colon cancer cells stimulated with interleukin 6 (IL-6) for mimicking the tumor inflammatory microenvironment in vivo. Cell viability assay showed that IL-6 at 6.25 ng/ml significantly enhanced viability of SW620 cells, and thus this concentration was used to stimulate SW620 cells throughout this study. We observed that α-hederin concentration-dependently inhibited cell viability, migration and invasion in IL-6-treated SW620 cells. Moreover, α-hederin significantly restored IL-6-induced decrease in E-cadherin expression and abolished IL-6-induced increase in N-cadherin, vimentin, fibronectin, twist and snail at both mRNA and protein levels in SW620 cells. These data suggested that α-hederin suppressed IL-6-indcued EMT in colon cancer cells. Further molecular examinations showed that α-hederin inhibited phosphorylation of Janus Kinase 2 (JAK2) and Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3(STAT3), and halted the nuclear translocation of phosphorylated STAT3 in IL-6-treated SW620 cells. In addition, JAK2/STAT3 signaling inhibitor AG490 not only produced similar inhibitory effects on EMT markers as α-hederin, but also synergistically enhanced α-hederin's inhibitory effects on EMT markers in IL-6-treated SW620 cells. Altogether, we demonstrated that α-hederin suppressed IL-6-induced EMT associated with disruption of JAK2/STAT3 signaling in colon cancer cells. Our data strongly suggested α-hederin as a promising candidate for intervention of colon cancer and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Sun
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Key Laboratory of Famous Doctors' Proved Recipe Evaluation and Transformation Under State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Provincial Laboratory of Proved Anticarcinoma Recipe Research and Industrialization Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Jiangsu Province of Cancer Prevention and Treatment of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Weixing Shen
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Key Laboratory of Famous Doctors' Proved Recipe Evaluation and Transformation Under State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Provincial Laboratory of Proved Anticarcinoma Recipe Research and Industrialization Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Jiangsu Province of Cancer Prevention and Treatment of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Feng Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Huisen Fan
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China; College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Changliang Xu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Key Laboratory of Famous Doctors' Proved Recipe Evaluation and Transformation Under State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Provincial Laboratory of Proved Anticarcinoma Recipe Research and Industrialization Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Jiangsu Province of Cancer Prevention and Treatment of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Liu Li
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Key Laboratory of Famous Doctors' Proved Recipe Evaluation and Transformation Under State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Provincial Laboratory of Proved Anticarcinoma Recipe Research and Industrialization Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Jiangsu Province of Cancer Prevention and Treatment of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Jiani Tan
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Key Laboratory of Famous Doctors' Proved Recipe Evaluation and Transformation Under State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Provincial Laboratory of Proved Anticarcinoma Recipe Research and Industrialization Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Jiangsu Province of Cancer Prevention and Treatment of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Yunjie Miao
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Key Laboratory of Famous Doctors' Proved Recipe Evaluation and Transformation Under State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Provincial Laboratory of Proved Anticarcinoma Recipe Research and Industrialization Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Jiangsu Province of Cancer Prevention and Treatment of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Haibin Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China; College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Ye Yang
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Key Laboratory of Famous Doctors' Proved Recipe Evaluation and Transformation Under State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Provincial Laboratory of Proved Anticarcinoma Recipe Research and Industrialization Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Jiangsu Province of Cancer Prevention and Treatment of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| | - Haibo Cheng
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Key Laboratory of Famous Doctors' Proved Recipe Evaluation and Transformation Under State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Provincial Laboratory of Proved Anticarcinoma Recipe Research and Industrialization Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Jiangsu Province of Cancer Prevention and Treatment of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
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27
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Xue L, Williamson A, Gaines S, Andolfi C, Paul-Olson T, Neerukonda A, Steinhagen E, Smith R, Cannon LM, Polite B, Umanskiy K, Hyman N. An Update on Colorectal Cancer. Curr Probl Surg 2018; 55:76-116. [PMID: 29631699 DOI: 10.1067/j.cpsurg.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lai Xue
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Sara Gaines
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Ciro Andolfi
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Terrah Paul-Olson
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Anu Neerukonda
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Emily Steinhagen
- Department of Surgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
| | - Radhika Smith
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Lisa M Cannon
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Blasé Polite
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Neil Hyman
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL.
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28
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Busch EL, Don PK, Chu H, Richardson DB, Keku TO, Eberhard DA, Avery CL, Sandler RS. Diagnostic accuracy and prediction increment of markers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition to assess cancer cell detachment from primary tumors. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:82. [PMID: 29338703 PMCID: PMC5769498 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3964-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metastases play a role in about 90% of cancer deaths. Markers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) measured in primary tumor cancer cells might provide diagnostic information about the likelihood that cancer cells have detached from the primary tumor. Used together with established diagnostic tests of detachment—lymph node evaluation and radiologic imaging—EMT marker measurements might improve the ability of clinicians to assess the patient’s risk of metastatic disease. Translation of EMT markers to clinical use has been hampered by a lack of valid analyses of clinically-informative parameters. Here, we demonstrate a rigorous approach to estimating the sensitivity, specificity, and prediction increment of an EMT marker to assess cancer cell detachment from primary tumors. Methods We illustrate the approach using immunohistochemical measurements of the EMT marker E-cadherin in a set of colorectal primary tumors from a population-based prospective cohort in North Carolina. Bayesian latent class analysis was used to estimate sensitivity and specificity in a setting of multiple imperfect diagnostic tests and no gold standard. Risk reclassification analysis was used to assess the extent to which addition of the marker to the panel of established diagnostic tests would improve mortality prediction. We explored how changing the latent class conditional dependence assumptions and definition of marker positivity would impact the results. Results All diagnostic accuracy and prediction increment statistics varied with the choice of cut point to define marker positivity. When comparing different definitions of marker positivity to each other, numerous trade-offs were observed in terms of sensitivity, specificity, predictive discrimination, and prediction model calibration. We then discussed several implementation considerations and the plausibility of analytic assumptions. Conclusions The approaches presented here can be extended to any EMT marker, to most forms of cancer, and to different kinds of EMT marker measurements, such as RNA or gene methylation data. These methods provide valid, clinically-informative assessment of whether and how to use a given EMT marker to refine tumor staging and consequent treatment decisions. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-017-3964-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan L Busch
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, 3rd Floor, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Prabhani Kuruppumullage Don
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Computer Science and Statistics, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Haitao Chu
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - David B Richardson
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Temitope O Keku
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - David A Eberhard
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Christy L Avery
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Robert S Sandler
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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29
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Vu T, Datta PK. Regulation of EMT in Colorectal Cancer: A Culprit in Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9120171. [PMID: 29258163 PMCID: PMC5742819 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9120171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 343] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process during which cells lose their epithelial characteristics, for instance cell polarity and cell-cell contact, and gain mesenchymal properties, such as increased motility. In colorectal cancer (CRC), EMT is associated with an invasive or metastatic phenotype. In this review, we discuss recent studies exploring novel regulation mechanisms of EMT in CRC, including the identification of new CRC EMT regulators. Upregulation of inducers can promote EMT, leading to increased invasiveness and metastasis in CRC. These inducers can downregulate E-cadherin and upregulate N-cadherin and vimentin (VIM) through modulating EMT-related signaling pathways, for instance WNT/β-catenin and TGF-β, and EMT transcription factors, such as zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) and ZEB2. In addition, several microRNAs (miRNAs), including members of the miR-34 and miR-200 families, are found to target mRNAs of EMT-transcription factors, for example ZEB1, ZEB2, or SNAIL. Downregulation of these miRNAs is associated with distant metastasis and advanced stage tumors. Furthermore, the role of EMT in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) is also discussed. Mesenchymal markers on the surface of EMT CTCs were found to be associated with metastasis and could serve as potential biomarkers for metastasis. Altogether, these studies indicate that EMT is orchestrated by a complicated network, involving regulators of different signaling pathways. Further studies are required to understand the mechanisms underlying EMT in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trung Vu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA.
| | - Pran K Datta
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA.
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA.
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30
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Autocrine hGH stimulates oncogenicity, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancer stem cell-like behavior in human colorectal carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:103900-103918. [PMID: 29262609 PMCID: PMC5732775 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor derived human growth hormone (hGH) has been implicated in cancer development and progression. However, the specific functional role of autocrine/paracrine hGH in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains largely to be determined. Herein, we demonstrated a crucial oncogenic role of autocrine hGH in CRC progression. Elevated hGH expression was detected in CRC compared to normal colorectal tissue, and hGH expression in CRC was positively associated with tumor size and lymph node metastasis. Forced expression of hGH stimulated cell proliferation, survival, oncogenicity and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) of CRC cells, and promoted xenograft growth and local invasion in vivo. Autocrine hGH expression in CRC cells stimulated the activation of the ERK1/2 pathway, which in turn resulted in increased transcription of the mesenchymal marker FIBRONECTIN 1 and transcriptional repression of the epithelial marker E-CADHERIN. The autocrine hGH-stimulated increase in CRC cell proliferation, cell survival and EMT was abrogated upon ERK1/2 inhibition. Furthermore, autocrine hGH-stimulated CRC cell migration and invasion was dependent on the ERK1/2-mediated increase in FIBRONECTIN 1 expression and decrease in E-CADHERIN expression. Forced expression of hGH also enhanced CSC-like behavior of CRC cells, as characterized by increased colonosphere formation, ALDH-positive population and CSC marker expression. Autocrine hGH-enhanced cancer stem cell (CSC)-like behavior in CRC cells was also observed to be E-CADHERIN-dependent. Thus, autocrine hGH plays a critical role in CRC progression, and inhibition of hGH could be a promising targeted therapeutic approach to limit disease progression in metastatic CRC patients.
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31
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Fei BY, He X, Ma J, Zhang M, Chai R. FoxM1 is associated with metastasis in colorectal cancer through induction of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:6553-6561. [PMID: 29163688 PMCID: PMC5686434 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of forkhead box M1 (FoxM1) in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis in colorectal cancer (CRC). Immunohistochemical assays were performed to detect FoxM1 and epithelial (E-) cadherin protein expression in 92 CRC, 61 colonic adenoma and 32 wild-type colonic tissue samples. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays were performed to determine the expression levels of FoxM1 and E-cadherin mRNAs in 30 CRC and adjacent normal mucosal tissues. RNA interference was used to knock down endogenous FoxM1 expression in CRC cell lines, and the migratory and invasive capacity of the CRC cells was analyzed. The expression of FoxM1, E-cadherin and neuronal (N-) cadherin in the CRC cell lines was evaluated using qPCR and Western blot analysis. The relative expression levels of FoxM1 mRNA and protein were significantly increased in the CRC tissues compared with those in the colonic adenoma and wild-type mucosal tissue samples (P<0.01). In contrast, the relative expression levels of E-cadherin mRNA and protein were significantly decreased in the CRC tissues compared with in the colonic adenoma and normal mucosal tissues (P<0.01). FoxM1 overexpression and decreased E-cadherin expression were significantly associated with poor colonic tissue differentiation, lymph node metastasis and an advanced tumor-node-metastasis stage. Additionally, the increased expression of FoxM1 was associated with a decrease in E-cadherin expression (P<0.01). Furthermore, RNA interference-mediated FoxM1 knockdown significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of CRC cells. Downregulation of FoxM1 expression significantly increased E-cadherin expression and decreased N-cadherin expression. The results of the present study suggest that FoxM1 overexpression in tumor tissues is significantly associated with metastasis in CRC through the induction of EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Ying Fei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, P.R. China
| | - Xujun He
- Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology of Zhejiang, Zhejiang Province People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Province People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Province People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Rui Chai
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Zhejiang Province People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
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Targeting epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity in cancer: clinical and preclinical advances in therapy and monitoring. Biochem J 2017; 474:3269-3306. [PMID: 28931648 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The concept of epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity (EMP), which describes the dynamic flux within the spectrum of phenotypic states that invasive carcinoma cells may reside, is being increasingly recognised for its role in cancer progression and therapy resistance. The myriad of events that are able to induce EMP, as well as the more recently characterised control loops, results in dynamic transitions of cancerous epithelial cells to more mesenchymal-like phenotypes through an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), as well as the reverse transition from mesenchymal phenotypes to an epithelial one. The significance of EMP, in its ability to drive local invasion, generate cancer stem cells and facilitate metastasis by the dissemination of circulating tumour cells (CTCs), highlights its importance as a targetable programme to combat cancer morbidity and mortality. The focus of this review is to consolidate the existing knowledge on the strategies currently in development to combat cancer progression via inhibition of specific facets of EMP. The prevalence of relapse due to therapy resistance and metastatic propensity that EMP endows should be considered when designing therapy regimes, and such therapies should synergise with existing chemotherapeutics to benefit efficacy. To further improve upon EMP-targeted therapies, it is imperative to devise monitoring strategies to assess the impact of such treatments on EMP-related phenomenon such as CTC burden, chemosensitivity/-resistance and micrometastasis in patients.
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Zhang C, Li JY, Tian FZ, Zhao G, Hu H, Ma YF, Yang YL. Long Noncoding RNA NEAT1 Promotes Growth and Metastasis of Cholangiocarcinoma Cells. Oncol Res 2017; 26:879-888. [PMID: 28810932 PMCID: PMC7844648 DOI: 10.3727/096504017x15024935181289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are known to play important roles in cancers. However, little is known about lncRNAs in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), a cholangiocyte malignancy with poor prognosis. We investigated the role of nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1) lncRNA in promoting CCA. qRT-PCR analysis of patient samples showed that NEAT1 expression was higher in CCA tumors than in matched adjacent nontumor tissue. NEAT1 levels were also higher in CCA cell lines than in a normal biliary epithelium cell line (HIBEpic). NEAT1 knockdown in CCA cell lines using shNEAT1 reduced cell proliferation and colony formation in CCK-8 and colony formation assays, respectively. CCA cells transfected with shNEAT1 also exhibited reduced metastasis and invasiveness in Transwell assays. NEAT1 knockdown cells produced smaller tumors, demonstrating that NEAT1 promotes tumor growth in vivo. Silencing of NEAT1 increased E-cadherin expression in vitro, and E-cadherin expression was inversely correlated with NEAT1 expression in CCA tissue samples. RIP and ChIP assays suggest that NEAT1 is recruited to the E-cadherin promoter by EZH2 (enhancer of zeste homolog 2), where it represses E-cadherin expression. These findings indicate that NEAT1 exerts oncogenic effects in CCA. We postulate that NEAT1 is a potentially useful diagnostic and therapeutic target for CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- Department of Biliary Minimally Invasive Surgery, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Yi Li
- Department of Biliary Minimally Invasive Surgery, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Fu-Zhou Tian
- Department of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Tongji University Affiliated Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Hai Hu
- Department of General Surgery, General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Yue-Feng Ma
- Department of Biliary Minimally Invasive Surgery, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Long Yang
- Department of Biliary Minimally Invasive Surgery, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, P.R. China
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Wang L, Zhang C, Qin L, Xu J, Li X, Wang W, Kong L, Zhou T, Li X. The prognostic value of NRF2 in solid tumor patients: a meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2017; 9:1257-1265. [PMID: 29416692 PMCID: PMC5787436 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (NRF2), a transcription factor, is known as a potential therapeutic target of solid tumor for that it is a master regulator of the injury and inflammation response, including controlling antioxidant cell progress. Recent studies showed that NRF2 played significant roles in tumorigenesis and tumor progression, however no association and relationship between NRF2 expression and different clinical manifestation of solid tumor had been accurately evaluated. The present meta-analysis picked up 17 suitable articles from EMBASE, PubMed, and ISI Web of Science databases, including 2238 patients. Combined with results of hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), we concluded that a higher expression of NRF2 would have worse impact on overall survival (HR = 2.29, 95% CI 1.80–2.91, P < 0.05) and disease-free survival (HR = 2.34, 95% CI 1.36–4.00, P < 0.05) by a random-effect model. Moreover, further results were positively correlated to the clinical diagnosis, curative effect observation and prognosis, including tumor differentiation, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis and clinical stage. Consequently, our data shown that NRF2 is a potential poor prognostic factor in a variety of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Litao Qin
- Medical Genetic Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jingyue Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Fifth Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Lingqin Kong
- Jining Tumor Hospital, Jining No.1 People's Hospital North Campus, Shandong, China
| | - Taizhen Zhou
- Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Changle, Shandong, China
| | - Xichuan Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Phenotype, Metformin, and Survival for Colorectal Cancer Patients with Diabetes Mellitus II. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2017; 2017:2520581. [PMID: 28744307 PMCID: PMC5506476 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2520581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to explore the association between metformin treatment and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype and further appraise the prognostic values of metformin and EMT markers E-cadherin and vimentin for colorectal cancer (CRC) in clinical practice. METHODS We collected specimens and evaluated clinicopathological parameters of 102 stage I to III CRC patients with prediagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM II). Expression of E-cadherin and vimentin in tumors was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC), and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 19.0. RESULTS In correlation tests, we found a lower tumor cell EMT degree (more E-cadherin (P = 0.014) and less vimentin (P = 0.011) expression in patients who used metformin, and the expression of E-cadherin and vimentin was associated with serum CA19-9 (P = 0.048, P = 0.009), tumor invasive depth (T) (P < 0.001, P = 0.045), and lymph invasion (N) (P = 0.013, P = 0.001). In Cox multivariate regression analysis, E-cadherin was identified as a prognostic factor for disease-free survival (DFS) (P = 0.038) and metformin use (P = 0.015P = 0.044) and lymph invasion (P = 0.016P = 0.023) were considered as the prognostic factors for both DFS and overall survival (OS). CONCLUSION Our study suggested that metformin may impede the EMT process and improve survival for stage I-III CRC patients with DM II.
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Liu LG, Yan XB, Xie RT, Jin ZM, Yang Y. Stromal Expression of Vimentin Predicts the Clinical Outcome of Stage II Colorectal Cancer for High-Risk Patients. Med Sci Monit 2017; 23:2897-2905. [PMID: 28611349 PMCID: PMC5479442 DOI: 10.12659/msm.904486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Increased expression of vimentin in tissue samples from patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) has been previously demonstrated, but its prognostic significance remains controversial, and the clinical significance for patients with stage II CRC is still unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of vimentin in CRC and its potential prognostic significance. Material/Methods We analyzed vimentin expression in 203 CRC tissue samples from patients with stage II cancer using immunohistochemistry, and correlated the findings with clinicopathological patient features. CRC-specific survival (CSS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate and multivariate analysis was performed using the Cox proportional hazards method for survival. Results Vimentin expression was significantly correlated only with tumor (T) stage (p=0.024). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated that vimentin expression could stratify the CSS and DFS of patients with stage II CRC at high risk (p=0.029, p=0.042, respectively), but not those of low-risk stage II patients (p=0.208, p=0.361, respectively). Univariate and multivariate analysis further revealed that stromal vimentin expression is an independent prognostic factor for CSS and DFS of high-risk stage II patients (p=0.043, p=0.022, respectively). Moreover, high-risk stage II patients with low stromal vimentin expression benefitted more from standard adjuvant chemotherapy than those with high stromal vimentin expression (CSS: p=0.012 vs. p=0.407; DFS: p=0.017 vs. p=0.420). Conclusions Our study suggests that stromal vimentin expression is a promising indicator for survival prediction and adjuvant chemotherapy response in patients with stage II CRC with high-risk factors for recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Guo Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Xue-Bing Yan
- Department of Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Ru-Ting Xie
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Tenth Peoples' Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Zhi-Ming Jin
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth Peoples' Hospital, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Kunshan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
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Iseki Y, Shibutani M, Maeda K, Nagahara H, Ikeya T, Hirakawa K. Significance of E-cadherin and CD44 expression in patients with unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:1025-1034. [PMID: 28693269 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The loss of adhesion molecules is reported to be associated with tumor invasion and metastasis in numerous types of cancer. Epithelial (E)-cadherin is an important molecule for cell-to-cell adhesion, while cluster of differentiation (CD)44 is an important molecule for cell-to-extracellular matrix adhesion. The focus of the present study was to evaluate the significance of the expression of E-cadherin and CD44 in patients with the unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) who are undergoing palliative chemotherapy. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples were obtained from 49 patients who underwent primary tumor resection and who were receiving palliative chemotherapy for unresectable metastatic CRC. The expression of E-cadherin and CD44 was evaluated using immunohistochemistry. The expression of E-cadherin was not significantly associated with progression-free survival (PFS; P=0.2825) or overall survival (OS; P=0.6617). The expression of CD44 was not associated with PFS (P=0.4365), but it did exhibit a certain level of association with OS (P=0.0699). However, the combined low expression of E-cadherin and CD44 demonstrated a significant association with decreased PFS (P=0.0101) and OS (P=0.0009). The combined loss of E-cadherin and CD44 expression also led to a reduction in the objective response rate and disease control rate (P=0.0076 and P=0.0294, respectively). A univariate analysis indicated that the combined low expression of E-cadherin and CD44 (P=0.0474) and sex (P=0.0330) were significantly associated with decreased PFS, and multivariate analysis confirmed combined low expression of E-cadherin and CD44 as an independent risk factor for decreased PFS [hazard ratio (HR), 8.276; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.383-43.311; P=0.0227]. Univariate and multivariate analyses also indicated that the combined low expression of E-cadherin and CD44 expression was a significant prognostic factor for poor OS (HR, 15.118; 95% CI, 2.645-77.490; P=0.0039). Therefore the current study suggests that the combined low expression of E-cadherin and CD44 is an effective independent predictor of decreased chemotherapeutic outcome and survival in patients with unresectable metastatic CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhito Iseki
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Masatsune Shibutani
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Maeda
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Hisashi Nagahara
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Ikeya
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Kosei Hirakawa
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
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Tao H, Tanaka T, Okabe K. Doublecortin and CaM kinase-like-1 expression in pathological stage I non-small cell lung cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2017; 143:1449-1459. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-017-2405-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Sun H, Liu M, Wu X, Yang C, Zhang Y, Xu Z, Gao K, Wang F. Overexpression of N-cadherin and β-catenin correlates with poor prognosis in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:1725-1730. [PMID: 28454316 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing amount of evidence demonstrates that epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is important in tumor invasion and metastases. The cell-cell adhesion molecule N-cadherin and the Wnt/β-catenin cascade protein β-catenin are two biomarkers of EMT. The present study aimed to measure the expression levels of N-cadherin and β-catenin in samples from patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and evaluate their prognostic significance. N-cadherin and β-catenin mRNA was evaluated using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction in 26 NPC tissue samples and 8 nasopharyngeal epithelium samples. Protein expression of N-cadherin and β-catenin was also detected using immunohistochemistry in 128 archival NPC paraffin-embedded specimens. Finally, associations between clinical pathological parameters and prognostic values in NPC were evaluated. The results demonstrated that both the mRNA and protein levels of N-cadherin and β-catenin were significantly increased in NPC tissues compared with the controls. Enhanced expression of N-cadherin and β-catenin protein was strongly correlated with the status of lymph node metastasis and clinical stages in patients with NPC. Notably, high expression of N-cadherin and β-catenin proteins was significantly correlated with lower overall survival (OS) rate in patients with NPC. Finally, multivariate analysis demonstrated that expression of N-cadherin protein and clinical stages were independent prognostic factors for patients with NPC. Therefore, the present study demonstrated that N-cadherin and β-catenin expression may be used as potential prognostic biomarkers for patients with NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Mingyu Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Xuewen Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Chunguang Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Yanni Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Zhenhang Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Kelei Gao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Fengjun Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
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Zhang J, Zhang K, Zhou L, Wu W, Jiang T, Cao J, Huang K, Qiu Z, Huang C. Expression and potential correlation among Forkhead box protein M1, Caveolin-1 and E-cadherin in colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:2381-2388. [PMID: 27698803 PMCID: PMC5038523 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression and functions of Forkhead box protein M1 (FoxM1), Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) and E-cadherin in colorectal cancer (CRC), and to determine the correlations among these proteins in CRC development and progression. The protein expression of FoxM1, Cav-1 and E-cadherin was identified using a human CRC and normal tissue microarray. A standard immunohistochemistry assay was performed employing anti-FoxM1, anti-Cav-1 and anti-E-cadherin antibodies. The clinicopathological significance of FoxM1, Cav-1 and E-cadherin in CRC was determined, and correlations were investigated between FoxM1 and Cav-1, FoxM1 and E-cadherin, Cav-1 and E-cadherin, respectively. The level of FoxM1, Cav-1 and E-Cadherin protein expression in CRC was found to be associated with pathological grade, tumor clinical stages and the presence of metastasis, respectively. Elevated expression of FoxM1 and Cav-1 was observed in the CRC tissues, and a significant correlation was found between the two proteins in CRC. However, it was also observed that FoxM1 was overexpressed while E-cadherin expression was low, indicating that there was a negative correlation between FoxM1 expression and E-cadherin expression. Moreover, there was also a negative correlation between Cav-1 and E-cadherin expression. Overall, the elevated expression of FoxM1 and Cav-1 in a human CRC microarray provided novel clinical evidence to elucidate the fact that they may play a critical role in the development and progression of CRC by negatively regulating E-cadherin expression. Furthermore, the positive correlation between FoxM1 and Cav-1 suggested that the proteins may constitute a novel signaling pathway in human CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, First People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Kundong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, First People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Lisheng Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, First People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Weidong Wu
- Department of General Surgery, First People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, First People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Jun Cao
- Department of General Surgery, First People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Kejian Huang
- Department of General Surgery, First People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Zhengjun Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, First People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Chen Huang
- Department of General Surgery, First People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
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Su CY, Lin TC, Lin YF, Chen MH, Lee CH, Wang HY, Lee YC, Liu YP, Chen CL, Hsiao M. DDX3 as a strongest prognosis marker and its downregulation promotes metastasis in colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:18602-12. [PMID: 26087195 PMCID: PMC4621913 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Conflicting results regarding the role of DEAD-box polypeptide 3 (DDX3) are seen not only between cancer types but also within the same type of cancer. In this study, we aimed at clarifying the prognostic significance of DDX3 in patients of major cancer types through large cohort survival analysis and further investigated its effects on cancer progression. Methods Large cohort survival analysis of 7 cancer types, including colorectal cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, head and neck cancer, liver cancer, glioblastoma, and ovarian cancer, was performed using public database at RNA level and was further confirmed by IHC analysis at protein level. Phenotype parameters of DDX3 knockdown colon cancer cells and the mechanism of DDX3 regulated cancer progression were investigated in vitro and in vivo. Results In large cohort survival analysis, DDX3 had a significant prognostic predictive power in colorectal cancer at both RNA and protein level. Patients with low DDX3 expression had poor prognosis and frequent distant metastasis. Knockdown of DDX3 enhanced the migration and invasion abilities of colon cancer cells and promoted tumor metastasis in vivo. Snail upregulation with decreased membranous E-cadherin expression and reduced cell aggregation were found after DDX3 downregulation. Conclusions Our study revealed the strong prognostic effect of DDX3 on colorectal cancer among seven major cancer types through larger cohort survival analysis at RNA and protein level. Low DDX3 expression promotes Snail/E-cadherin pathway mediated cancer metastasis and poor clinical outcome in colorectal cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yi Su
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Yuan-Feng Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Huang Chen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsin Lee
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Yao Wang
- Graduate Program of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Yu-Chieh Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Peng Liu
- Department of Genome Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Long Chen
- Department of Pathology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Michael Hsiao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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Huang C, Zhang P, Zhang D, Weng X. The prognostic implication of slug in all tumour patients - a systematic meta-analysis. Eur J Clin Invest 2016; 46:398-407. [PMID: 26919035 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND E-cadherin is an invasion suppressor molecule which counteracts tumour metastasis and progression. Slug, one of the crucial transcriptional repressors of E-cadherin gene, has been widely reported on its prognostic role in patients with carcinoma, but the results are controversial. Thus, it is necessary to conduct a meta-analysis to draw a convincing conclusion. DESIGN PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases were searched for studies published until August 1st, 2015. Studies using immunohistochemistry (IHC) to detect the protein expression level in tumour tissues were set as protein group, while studies applying real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) to probe mRNA transcriptional level were set as mRNA group. Pooled hazard ratio (HR) and their corresponding 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were extracted to evaluate the prognostic role. Funnel plots, Begg's test and Egger's test were used to evaluate the publication bias. Sensitivity and heterogeneity analysis were also conducted. RESULTS The pooled HR of 23 studies in the protein group was 1·85 (95% CI: 1·51-2·28, I(2) = 55·4%, P = 0·001), including 1·98 ((95% CI: 1·53-2·58, I(2) = 55·9%, P = 0·004) for overall survival (OS) and 1·46 (95% CI: 1·18-1·82, I(2) = 52·0%, P = 0·012) for progression-free/ recurrence-free/ disease-free/ cancer-free survival (PFS/RFS/DFS/CFS). The high expression of Slug in the protein group indicated poor prognosis of the tumour patients. However, the pooled HR of 6 studies in the mRNA group was 0·85 (95% CI: 0·48-1·53, I(2) = 77·2%, P = 0·001), suggesting no statistical significance. Subgroup analysis was performed to avoid heterogeneity caused by tumour types. Besides, publication bias was not observed in all studies except for the mRNA transcription studies. CONCLUSIONS The protein expression rather than mRNA transcription of Slug should be considered as a potent biomarker for poor prognosis of tumours, particularly head and neck cancer as well as lung and urinary carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Dezhou People's Hospital, Dezhou, China
| | - Depu Zhang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan, China
| | - Xisheng Weng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Kim SA, Inamura K, Yamauchi M, Nishihara R, Mima K, Sukawa Y, Li T, Yasunari M, Morikawa T, Fitzgerald KC, Fuchs CS, Wu K, Chan AT, Zhang X, Ogino S, Qian ZR. Loss of CDH1 (E-cadherin) expression is associated with infiltrative tumour growth and lymph node metastasis. Br J Cancer 2016; 114:199-206. [PMID: 26742007 PMCID: PMC4815802 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Loss of CDH1 (E-cadherin) expression in cancer cells may promote cell migration and invasion. Therefore, we hypothesised that loss of CDH1 expression in colorectal carcinoma might be associated with aggressive features and clinical outcome. Methods: Utilising molecular pathological epidemiology database of 689 rectal and colon cancer cases in the Nurses' Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study, we assessed tumour CDH1 expression by immunohistochemistry. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess association of CDH1 loss with tumour growth pattern (expansile-intermediate vs infiltrative) and lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis, controlling for potential confounders including microsatellite instability, CpG island methylator phenotype, LINE-1 methylation, and PIK3CA, BRAF and KRAS mutations. Mortality according to CDH1 status was assessed using Cox proportional hazards model. Results: Loss of tumour CDH1 expression was observed in 356 cases (52%), and associated with infiltrative tumour growth pattern (odds ratio (OR), 2.02; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.23–3.34; P=0.006) and higher pN stage (OR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.23–2.43; P=0.001). Tumour CDH1 expression was not significantly associated with distant metastasis or prognosis. Conclusions: Loss of CDH1 expression in colorectal cancer is associated with infiltrative tumour growth pattern and lymph node metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun A Kim
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue M420, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kentaro Inamura
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue M420, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mai Yamauchi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue M420, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Reiko Nishihara
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue M420, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue Building 2, room 213, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kosuke Mima
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue M420, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yasutaka Sukawa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue M420, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue M420, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Department of Geriatric Gastroenterology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Mika Yasunari
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue M420, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Teppei Morikawa
- Department of Pathology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kathryn C Fitzgerald
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Charles S Fuchs
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue M420, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, 29 Wigglesworth Street, Boston, MA 02120, USA
| | - Kana Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue Building 2, room 213, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, 29 Wigglesworth Street, Boston, MA 02120, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, GRJ-722, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, 29 Wigglesworth Street, Boston, MA 02120, USA
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue M420, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, 29 Wigglesworth Street, Boston, MA 02120, USA
| | - Zhi Rong Qian
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue M420, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Busch EL, Keku TO, Richardson DB, Cohen SM, Eberhard DA, Avery CL, Sandler RS. Evaluating markers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition to identify cancer patients at risk for metastatic disease. Clin Exp Metastasis 2015; 33:53-62. [PMID: 26507436 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-015-9757-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Most cancer deaths are due to metastases. Markers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) measured in primary tumor cancer cells could be helpful to assess patient risk of metastatic disease, even among those otherwise diagnosed with local disease. Previous studies of EMT markers and patient outcomes used inconsistent methods and did not compare the clinical impact of different expression cut points for the same marker. Using digital image analysis, we measured the EMT markers Snail and E-cadherin in primary tumor specimens from 190 subjects in tissue microarrays from a population-based prospective cohort of colorectal cancer patients and estimated their associations with time-to-death. After measuring continuous marker expression data, we performed a systematic search for the cut point for each marker with the best model fit between dichotomous marker expression and time-to-death. We also assessed the potential clinical impact of different cut points for the same marker. After dichotomizing expression status at the statistically-optimal cut point, we found that Snail expression was not associated with time-to-death. When measured as a weighted average of tumor cores, low E-cadherin expression was associated with a greater risk of dying within 5 years of surgery than high expression (risk difference = 33 %, 95 % confidence interval 3-62 %). Identifying a clinically-optimal cut point for an EMT marker requires trade-offs between strength and precision of the association with patient outcomes, as well as consideration of the number of patients whose treatments might change based on using the marker at a given cut point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan L Busch
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, McGavran-Greenberg Hall, CB #7435, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Temitope O Keku
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 4157 Bioinformatics Building, CB #7555, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - David B Richardson
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, McGavran-Greenberg Hall, CB #7435, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Stephanie M Cohen
- Translational Pathology Laboratory, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 919 Brinkhous-Bullitt, CB #7525, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - David A Eberhard
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 450 West Drive, CB #7295, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Christy L Avery
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, McGavran-Greenberg Hall, CB #7435, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Robert S Sandler
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, McGavran-Greenberg Hall, CB #7435, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 4157 Bioinformatics Building, CB #7555, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
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45
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Clinical implications of epithelial cell plasticity in cancer progression. Cancer Lett 2015; 366:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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46
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Fukazawa S, Shinto E, Tsuda H, Ueno H, Shikina A, Kajiwara Y, Yamamoto J, Hase K. Laminin β3 expression as a prognostic factor and a predictive marker of chemoresistance in colorectal cancer. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2015; 45:533-40. [PMID: 25770060 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyv037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Laminin-332, a marker of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, is composed of a heterotrimer of α3, β3 and γ2 chains that regulates cell adhesion and migration. This study aimed to disclose the respective clinical significance of laminin β3 immunoexpression in colorectal cancer as a prognostic factor and a predictive marker of chemoresistance. METHODS Tissue specimens from 323 Stage II and 232 Stage III colorectal cancer patients who underwent curative resection were assessed using laminin β3 immunostaining. RESULTS Among Stage III colorectal cancer patients, comparisons of 5-year disease-free survival rates revealed a poorer prognosis for the laminin β3-high group than for the laminin β3-low group (52.3 vs. 70.7%, P = 0.038), while there was no significant difference among Stage II patients. Among laminin β3-low Stage III patients, those who received adjuvant chemotherapy showed marginally better disease-free survival than those who did not receive it (75.8 vs. 62.8%; P = 0.096). Furthermore, multivariate analysis corroborated a distinct benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy in laminin β3-low patients (P = 0.035; hazard risk ratio = 1.66). Analyses of the laminin β3-high group, however, failed to show significance. CONCLUSIONS Laminin β3 chain immunoreactivity was a poor prognostic factor for Stage III colorectal cancer patients, and laminin β3-high patients of Stage III colorectal cancer derived no survival benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Fukazawa
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Saitama
| | - Eiji Shinto
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Saitama
| | - Hitoshi Tsuda
- Department of Pathology, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hideki Ueno
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Saitama
| | - Atsushi Shikina
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Saitama
| | - Yoshiki Kajiwara
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Saitama
| | - Junji Yamamoto
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Saitama
| | - Kazuo Hase
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Saitama
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47
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Cao H, Xu E, Liu H, Wan L, Lai M. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition in colorectal cancer metastasis: A system review. Pathol Res Pract 2015; 211:557-69. [PMID: 26092594 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2015.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tumor metastasis is a multi-step process by which tumor cells disseminate from their primary site and form secondary tumors at a distant site. And metastasis is the major cause of death in the vast majority of cancer patients. However, the mechanisms underlying each step remain obscure. In the past decade, a developmental program epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been increasingly recognized to play pivotal and intricate roles in promoting carcinoma invasion and metastasis. The EMT process is very complex and controlled by various families of transcriptional regulators through different signaling pathways. In this system review, we focus on the molecular network of the EMT program and its malignant phenotypes associated with metastasis in colorectal cancer (CRC), including cancer stem cells, tumor budding, circulating tumor cells and drug resistance. A better understanding of the molecular regulation of the dynamic EMT program during tumor metastasis will help to provide much-needed therapeutic interventions to target this program when treating metastatic CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Cao
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Enping Xu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Normal University-Jinhua People's Hospital Joint Center for Biomedical Research, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Ledong Wan
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Maode Lai
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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48
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Fang Y, Liang X, Jiang W, Li J, Xu J, Cai X. Cyclin b1 suppresses colorectal cancer invasion and metastasis by regulating e-cadherin. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126875. [PMID: 25962181 PMCID: PMC4427130 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclin B1, a mitotic cyclin, has been implicated in malignances. However, its contribution to colorectal cancer invasion and metastasis are still not well understood. Here, we demonstrated that the invasion and metastasis of colorectal cancer is regulated by Cyclin B1. Overexpression of Cyclin B1 was observed in colorectal cancer tissues, but this elevated expression was negatively associated with lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis stage, and TNM stage. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis proved that low Cyclin B1 expression was associated with poor overall survival of patients with colorectal cancer. Inhibition of Cyclin B1 in colorectal cancer cells enhanced the cell migration and invasion of three different colorectal cancer cell lines. In studying the possible mechanism by which Cyclin B1 suppresses colorectal cancer invasion and metastasis, we observed that suppression of Cyclin B1 decreased the expression of E-cadherin protein level. Our findings suggest that Cyclin B1 could suppress the invasion and metastasis of colorectal cancer cells through regulating E-cadherin expression, which enables the development of potential intervention strategies for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Fang
- The Second Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- The Second Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Wenbin Jiang
- The Second Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Jianbo Li
- The Second Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Junfen Xu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Xiujun Cai
- The Second Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- * E-mail:
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49
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Yan X, Yan L, Liu S, Shan Z, Tian Y, Jin Z. N-cadherin, a novel prognostic biomarker, drives malignant progression of colorectal cancer. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:2999-3006. [PMID: 25936636 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have indicated that the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a key molecular mechanism involved in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). N-cadherin is a mesenchymal marker of the EMT and has been closely linked to several human malignancies. However, its role in CRC has remained elusive. In the present study, qRT-PCR and western blot analysis indicated that N-cadherin expression was higher in tumor tissues than in that in their adjacent normal tissues. Immunohistochemical evaluation of N-cadherin and E-cadherin (an epithelial marker of the EMT), indicated that N-cadherin expression was significantly associated with tumor differentiation, tumor size as well as tumor, nodes and metastasis stage. Correlation analysis suggested the expression of N-cadherin was negatively correlated with that of E-cadherin in CRC tissues. Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that patients with high N-cadherin expression had a significantly lower overall survival and disease-free survival rate than those with low N-cadherin expression, while the opposite was found for E-cadherin. Of note, the present study found that high N-cadherin expression was an independent prognostic factor for CRC. In vitro assays showed that N-cadherin was widely expressed in CRC cell lines and silencing of N-cadherin suppressed the proliferation and migration of the CRC cell line HT-29 by upregulating E-cadherin, suggesting a potential role of N-cadherin in inducing EMT. In conclusion, the present study suggested that N-cadherin has the potential of serving as a novel prognostic predictor and a promising therapeutic target for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuebing Yan
- Department of Surgery, Sixth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Leilei Yan
- Department of Surgery, Sixth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Sihong Liu
- Department of Surgery, Sixth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Zezhi Shan
- Department of Surgery, Sixth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Department of Surgery, Sixth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Zhiming Jin
- Department of Surgery, Sixth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
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50
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Wang N, He YL, Pang LJ, Zou H, Liu CX, Zhao J, Hu JM, Zhang WJ, Qi Y, Li F. Down-regulated E-cadherin expression is associated with poor five-year overall survival in bone and soft tissue sarcoma: results of a meta-analysis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121448. [PMID: 25822802 PMCID: PMC4378985 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To conduct a meta-analysis to evaluate the prognostic role of E-cadherin expression in bone and soft tissue sarcomas. Methods The PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases were searched using terms related to E-cadherin, sarcoma, and prognosis for all articles published in English before March 2014. Pooled effect was calculated from the available data to evaluate the association between negative E-cadherin expression and 5-year overall survival and tumor clinicopathological features in sarcoma patients. Pooled odds ratios (OR) and risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using a fixed-effects model. Result Eight studies met the selection criteria and reported on 812 subjects. A total of 496 subjects showed positive E-cadherin expression (59.9%). Negative E-cadherin expression in bone and soft tissue sarcomas was correlated with lower 5-year overall survival (OR = 3.831; 95% CI: 2.246–6.534), and was associated with higher clinical stage (RR = 1.446; 95% CI: 1.030–2.028) and with male sex (RR = 0.678; 95% CI: 0.493–0.933). Conclusion In the E-cadherin negative group, 5-year overall survival was significantly worse than in the E-cadherin positive group. However, further studies are required to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University and Chinese Ministry of Education, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yong-Lai He
- Department of ICU intensive care, the First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Li-Juan Pang
- Department of Pathology, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University and Chinese Ministry of Education, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Hong Zou
- Department of Pathology, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University and Chinese Ministry of Education, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Chun-Xia Liu
- Department of Pathology, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University and Chinese Ministry of Education, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University and Chinese Ministry of Education, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jian-Ming Hu
- Department of Pathology, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University and Chinese Ministry of Education, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Wen-Jie Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University and Chinese Ministry of Education, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yan Qi
- Department of Pathology, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University and Chinese Ministry of Education, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- * E-mail: (FL); (YQ)
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Pathology, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University and Chinese Ministry of Education, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- * E-mail: (FL); (YQ)
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