1
|
Gurzu S, Szodorai R, Jung I, Banias L. Combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma: from genesis to molecular pathways and therapeutic strategies. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2024; 150:270. [PMID: 38780656 PMCID: PMC11116183 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-024-05781-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) are the most common primary liver cancers. Little is known about the combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC-ICC) variant and the proper therapeutic strategies. Out of over 1200 available studies about cHCC-ICC, we selected the most representative ones that reflected updated information with application to individualized therapy. Based on literature data and own experience, we hypothesize that two molecular groups of cHCC-ICC can be identified. The proposed division might have a significant therapeutic role. Most cases develop, like HCC, on a background of cirrhosis and hepatitis and share characteristics with HCC; thus, they are named HCC-type cHCC-ICC and therapeutic strategies might be like those for HCC. This review also highlights a new carcinogenic perspective and identifies, based on literature data and the own experience, a second variant of cHCC-ICC called ICC-type cHCC-ICC. Contrary to HCC, these cases show a tendency for lymph node metastases and ICC components in the metastatic tissues. No guidelines have been established yet for such cases. Individualized therapy should be, however, oriented toward the immunoprofile of the primary tumor and metastatic cells, and different therapeutic strategies should be used in patients with HCC- versus ICC-type cHCC-ICC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Gurzu
- Department of Pathology, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, 38 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540139, Targu Mures, Romania.
- Research Center of Oncopathology and Transdisciplinary Research (CCOMT), Targu Mures, Romania.
- Romanian Academy of Medical Sciences, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Rita Szodorai
- Department of Pathology, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, 38 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540139, Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Ioan Jung
- Department of Pathology, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, 38 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540139, Targu Mures, Romania
- Romanian Academy of Medical Sciences, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Laura Banias
- Department of Pathology, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, 38 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540139, Targu Mures, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lacunza E, Ahuja A, Coso OA, Abba M, Ramos JC, Cesarman E, Mesri EA, Naipauer J. Unveiling the role of KSHV-infected human mesenchymal stem cells in Kaposi's sarcoma initiation. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29684. [PMID: 38773828 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) may derive from Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV)-infected human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) that migrate to sites characterized by inflammation and angiogenesis, promoting the initiation of KS. By analyzing the RNA sequences of KSHV-infected primary hMSCs, we have identified specific cell subpopulations, mechanisms, and conditions involved in the initial stages of KSHV-induced transformation and reprogramming of hMSCs into KS progenitor cells. Under proangiogenic environmental conditions, KSHV can reprogram hMSCs to exhibit gene expression profiles more similar to KS tumors, activating cell cycle progression, cytokine signaling pathways, endothelial differentiation, and upregulating KSHV oncogenes indicating the involvement of KSHV infection in inducing the mesenchymal-to-endothelial (MEndT) transition of hMSCs. This finding underscores the significance of this condition in facilitating KSHV-induced proliferation and reprogramming of hMSCs towards MEndT and closer to KS gene expression profiles, providing further evidence of these cell subpopulations as precursors of KS cells that thrive in a proangiogenic environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ezequiel Lacunza
- Centro de Investigaciones Inmunologicas Basicas y Aplicadas, Facultad de Ciencias Medicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
- University of Miami-Centre for AIDS Research/Sylvester Cancer Comprehensive Center Argentina Consortium for Research and Training in Virally Induced AIDS-Malignancies, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Anuj Ahuja
- Tumor Biology Program, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and Miami Center for AIDS Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Omar A Coso
- University of Miami-Centre for AIDS Research/Sylvester Cancer Comprehensive Center Argentina Consortium for Research and Training in Virally Induced AIDS-Malignancies, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martin Abba
- Centro de Investigaciones Inmunologicas Basicas y Aplicadas, Facultad de Ciencias Medicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
- University of Miami-Centre for AIDS Research/Sylvester Cancer Comprehensive Center Argentina Consortium for Research and Training in Virally Induced AIDS-Malignancies, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Juan Carlos Ramos
- University of Miami-Centre for AIDS Research/Sylvester Cancer Comprehensive Center Argentina Consortium for Research and Training in Virally Induced AIDS-Malignancies, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Center for AIDS Research, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Ethel Cesarman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Enrique A Mesri
- University of Miami-Centre for AIDS Research/Sylvester Cancer Comprehensive Center Argentina Consortium for Research and Training in Virally Induced AIDS-Malignancies, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Tumor Biology Program, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and Miami Center for AIDS Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Julian Naipauer
- University of Miami-Centre for AIDS Research/Sylvester Cancer Comprehensive Center Argentina Consortium for Research and Training in Virally Induced AIDS-Malignancies, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ozer EE, Soydemir GP, Bolukbas MK, Kocbiyik A. Radiotherapy result of a case of Kaposi's sarcoma located on the vocal cord. J Cancer Res Ther 2024; 20:469-471. [PMID: 38554367 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_226_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is an angiogenic tumor. KS lesions frequently develop in the skin and oral cavity mucosa in the head and neck regions, and pure laryngeal localization is extremely rare. We reported a 64-year-old male patient without HIV, HBV, and HCV positivity presented with a hemangiomatous lesion detected incidentally in the right vocal cord. Biopsy was taken for histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation. Examination revealed that spindle cells were of vascular origin and expressed HHV-8, a specific marker associated with Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) demonstrated an increased fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake in the vocal cord. The patient was treated with a 30 Gy volumetric arc plan. Disease-free follow-up continues in the first year after low-dose definitive RT. This is the first case report of KS in the vocal cord in which the most detailed data about RT were shared.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elif Eda Ozer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Health Sciences University, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Dr. Tevfik Saglam Street, Bakirkoy-Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gulsen P Soydemir
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Health Sciences University, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Dr. Tevfik Saglam Street, Bakirkoy-Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Meltem Kirli Bolukbas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Health Sciences University, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Dr. Tevfik Saglam Street, Bakirkoy-Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alper Kocbiyik
- Department of Pathology, Health Sciences University, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Dr. Tevfik Saglam Street, Bakirkoy-Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lu ZZ, Sun C, Zhang X, Peng Y, Wang Y, Zeng Y, Zhu N, Yuan Y, Zeng MS. Neuropilin 1 is an entry receptor for KSHV infection of mesenchymal stem cell through TGFBR1/2-mediated macropinocytosis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg1778. [PMID: 37224259 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg1778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) and other malignancies. The cellular origin of KS has been suggested to be either mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) or endothelial cells. However, receptor(s) for KSHV to infect MSCs remains unknown. By combining bioinformatics analysis and shRNA screening, we identify neuropilin 1 (NRP1) as an entry receptor for KSHV infection of MSCs. Functionally, NRP1 knockout and overexpression in MSCs significantly reduce and promote, respectively, KSHV infection. Mechanistically, NRP1 facilitated the binding and internalization of KSHV by interacting with KSHV glycoprotein B (gB), which was blocked by soluble NRP1 protein. Furthermore, NRP1 interacts with TGF-β receptor type 2 (TGFBR2) through their respective cytoplasmic domains and thus activates the TGFBR1/2 complex, which facilitates the macropinocytosis-mediated KSHV internalization via the small GTPases Cdc42 and Rac1. Together, these findings implicate that KSHV has evolved a strategy to invade MSCs by harnessing NRP1 and TGF-beta receptors to stimulate macropinocytosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Zhou Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center and Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Cong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center and Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center and Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingying Peng
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- Precision clinical laboratory, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524037, China
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Disease, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Nannan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center and Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center and Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Mu-Sheng Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center and Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Naipauer J, Mesri EA. The Kaposi's sarcoma progenitor enigma: KSHV-induced MEndT-EndMT axis. Trends Mol Med 2023; 29:188-200. [PMID: 36635149 PMCID: PMC9957928 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition has been described in tumors as a source of mesenchymal stroma, while the reverse process has been proposed in tumor vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. A human oncogenic virus, Kaposi's sarcoma herpes virus (KSHV), can regulate both processes in order to transit through this transition 'boulevard' when infecting KS oncogenic progenitor cells. Endothelial or mesenchymal circulating progenitor cells can serve as KS oncogenic progenitors recruited by inflammatory cytokines because KSHV can reprogram one into the other through endothelial-to-mesenchymal and mesenchymal-to-endothelial transitions. Through these novel insights, the identity of the potential oncogenic progenitor of KS is revealed while gaining knowledge of the biology of the mesenchymal-endothelial differentiation axis and pointing to this axis as a therapeutic target in KS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Naipauer
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Tumor Biology Program, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; University of Miami- Center for AIDS Research (UM-CFAR)/Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC) Argentina Consortium for Research and Training in Virally Induced AIDS-Malignancies, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Miami Center for AIDS Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Enrique A Mesri
- Tumor Biology Program, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; University of Miami- Center for AIDS Research (UM-CFAR)/Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC) Argentina Consortium for Research and Training in Virally Induced AIDS-Malignancies, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Miami Center for AIDS Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gurzu S, Burlacu D, Sánta R, Jung I, Slevin M, Fulop E. Case Report: Coexistence of generalized arterial calcification of infancy (GACI) and maternal infections with cytomegalovirus and Toxoplasma gondii-unexpected fatal complication in a newborn. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:922379. [PMID: 36061401 PMCID: PMC9434010 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.922379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Generalized arterial calcification of infancy (GACI) is an extremely rare autosomal recessive condition characterized by the storage of calcium at the level of internal elastic membrane of arteries. The main consequences are intimal fibrous thickening and arterial occlusion. We present the case of a preterm male infant, born from an improperly dispensed pregnancy. At birth, the newborn presented generalized edema and hypotonia, and abolished heart sounds, without response to stimulation. Despite the mechanical ventilation, the infant died 2 h after birth. The death was clinically presumed to be related to the maternal infection with cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Toxoplasma gondii. The infant's mother affirmed the history of 6 previous miscarriages and a non-consanguineous marriage. At autopsy, microscopic examination showed generalized vasculitis secondary to minimal calcification of the large and medium-sized vessels of the lungs, liver, and tongue. These findings supported the diagnosis of GACI. Hydrothorax, non-infective ascites, and necrosis of the brain parenchyma were also associated. The premature infant died due to tonsillar herniation associated with decreased vessel compliance and refractory pulmonary hypertension thus leading to congestive cardiac failure. CMV was not detected on histopathological assessment nor were signs of any other infections. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of GACI occurring in a baby from a mother co-infected with CMV and T. gondii.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Gurzu
- Department of Pathology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, Târgu Mureş, Romania.,Department of Pathology, Clinical County Emergency Hospital, Târgu Mureş, Romania.,Research Center in Oncology and Translational Medicine (CCOMT), University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, Târgu Mureş, Romania
| | - Diana Burlacu
- Department of Pathology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, Târgu Mureş, Romania.,Department of Pathology, Clinical County Emergency Hospital, Târgu Mureş, Romania
| | - Réka Sánta
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Clinical County Emergency Hospital, Târgu Mureş, Romania.,Department of Pediatrics, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, Târgu Mureş, Romania
| | - Ioan Jung
- Department of Pathology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, Târgu Mureş, Romania
| | - Mark Slevin
- Doctoral School, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, Târgu Mures, Romania
| | - Emöke Fulop
- Department of Pathology, Clinical County Emergency Hospital, Târgu Mureş, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chen W, Ding Y, Liu D, Lu Z, Wang Y, Yuan Y. Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus vFLIP promotes MEndT to generate hybrid M/E state for tumorigenesis. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009600. [PMID: 34936683 PMCID: PMC8735625 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) is an angioproliferative and invasive tumor caused by Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). The cellular origin of KS tumor cells remains contentious. Recently, evidence has accrued indicating that KS may arise from KSHV-infected mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) through mesenchymal-to-endothelial transition (MEndT), but the transformation process has been largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the KSHV-mediated MEndT process and found that KSHV infection rendered MSCs incomplete endothelial lineage differentiation and formed hybrid mesenchymal/endothelial (M/E) state cells characterized by simultaneous expression of mesenchymal markers Nestin/PDGFRA/α-SAM and endothelial markers CD31/PDPN/VEGFR2. The hybrid M/E cells have acquired tumorigenic phenotypes in vitro and the potential to form KS-like lesions after being transplanted in mice under renal capsules. These results suggest a homology of KSHV-infected MSCs with Kaposi’s sarcoma where proliferating KS spindle-shaped cells and the cells that line KS-specific aberrant vessels were also found to exhibit the hybrid M/E state. Furthermore, the genetic analysis identified KSHV-encoded FLICE inhibitory protein (vFLIP) as a crucial regulator controlling KSHV-induced MEndT and generating hybrid M/E state cells for tumorigenesis. Overall, KSHV-mediated MEndT that transforms MSCs to tumorigenic hybrid M/E state cells driven by vFLIP is an essential event in Kaposi’s sarcomagenesis. Kaposi’s sarcoma manifests as multifocal lesions with spindle cell proliferation, intense angiogenesis, and erythrocyte extravasation. Although the origin and malignant nature of KS remain contentious, it is established that KSHV infection with concomitant viral oncogene expression in normal cell progenitors causes KS. The mechanism of KSHV oncogenesis could be revealed through a reproduction of KS by infection of normal cells. This study reports that the KSHV infection of mesenchymal stem cells initiates mesenchymal-to-endothelial transition (MEndT) that generates mesenchymal/endothelial (M/E) hybrid state cells. The hybrid M/E cells acquired tumorigenic phenotypes, including tumor initiation, angiogenesis, migration, and the potential to form KS-like lesions after transplanted in mice. This finding faithfully recapitulates Kaposi’s sarcoma where proliferating KS spindle cells and the cells that line KS-specific aberrant vessels are also found to exhibit the hybrid M/E phenotype. We also found that KSHV-encoded viral FLICE inhibitory protein (vFLIP) plays a crucial role in promoting MEndT and the generation of M/E state cells. These results provide a new layer of evidence for KSHV-infected MSCs being the cell source of KS spindle cells and reveal novel insight into KS pathogenesis and viral tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weikang Chen
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yao Ding
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dawei Liu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengzhou Lu
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Yuan
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Autophagy modulates mesenchymal-to-endothelial transition via p53. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:22112-22121. [PMID: 33186920 PMCID: PMC7695417 DOI: 10.18632/aging.104065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal-to-endothelial transition (MEndT) is one of the mechanisms that influences cardiac fibrosis, which is a key process in cardiac remodeling. It has been reported that autophagy inhibits endothelial cell transition. However, whether autophagy could modulate MEndT in cardiac fibrosis has not yet been investigated. Here, we discussed the association between autophagy and MEndT and its possible mechanism. In this study, we induced endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition using transforming growth factor-β to generate mesenchymal cells and fibroblasts in wild-type human umbilical vein endothelial cells and cells with p53 knockout or overexpression. Then, autophagy was induced by Earle's balanced salt solution (EBSS) and was inhibited by bafilomycin A1 or lentivirus-ATG5-shRNA. The expression levels of MEndT and the autophagy markers CD31, VE-Cadherin, Vimentin, α-SMA, LC3, p62 and p53 were examined. We found that activation of autophagy could promote MEndT and increase cytoplasmic and total expression of p53, that but nuclear p53 expression was decreased, and that inhibition of autophagy activation could reverse the effect of EBSS. Moreover, after knockout of nuclear p53, autophagy promoted MEndT, while autophagy inhibited MEndT in p53 overexpressing cells. Our results demonstrate that autophagy modulate MEndT by nuclear p53 provide a new strategy for the treatment of fibrosis diseases.
Collapse
|
9
|
Pillay S, Naicker T. Morphometric image analysis of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 in preeclamptic, HIV infected women. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2020; 253:304-311. [PMID: 32616416 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To ascertain the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 (VEGFR-3) in placental conducting and exchange villi from normotensive, preeclamptic (PE) and antiretroviral treated pregnant women, using morphometric image analysis. STUDY DESIGN This study utilizes retrospectively collected, paraffin wax-embedded, placental samples (n = 90) that were immuno-stained for VEGFR-3. During selection of the retrospective study, women with chronic illnesses were filtered out, to exclusively allow for the examination of VEGFR-3 immuno-expression in HIV and preeclamptic women. The study population consisted of normotensive (n = 30) and preeclamptic (n = 60) groups which were further divided on the basis of HIV status (negative - and positive +), and early and late onset preeclampsia (EOPE and LOPE respectively). The resulting groups were as follows; N- (n = 15), N+ (n = 15), EOPE- (n = 15), EOPE+ (n = 15), LOPE- (n = 15) and LOPE+ (n = 15). Microscopic examination and morphometric image analysis were performed on the immuno-stained placental tissue samples. RESULTS Analysis on HIV status did not yield a significant difference in conducting (p = 0.3015) or exchange (p = 0.4535) villi, regardless of pregnancy type. The N vs. PE analysis showed a reduced immuno-expression of VEGFR-3 in both conducting (p = 0.0107) and exchange (p < 0.0001) villi. Results from a multiple group comparative analysis of N vs. EOPE vs. LOPE VEGFR-3 immuno-expression, showed a significant difference between the N vs. EOPE groups. CONCLUSION The results presented provide compelling evidence that HIV infection does not significantly alter angiogenesis in placental villi. PE however, has caused angiogenic dysregulation and trophoblast pathology was observed. We report a severe downregulation of VEGFR-3 in placental villi from EOPE woman, regardless of HIV status. Hence we suggest a future investigation into EOPE's aetiology and its downstream effects on pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saieshni Pillay
- Optics and Imaging Centre, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
| | - Thajasvarie Naicker
- Optics and Imaging Centre, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hafez EN, Youssef HMG, El-Kabany HA. Vaccination with gamma radiation-attenuated Toxoplasma gondii protects against ovarian infiltration in mice-bearing Ehrlich ascites carcinoma. Int J Radiat Biol 2020; 96:814-822. [PMID: 32149560 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1739772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Cancer is one of the most common causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Vaccines have been emerged as an attractive approach for their capacity of eliciting long-term immune response targeting cancer cells. Attenuated avirulent Toxoplasma gondii stimulate immunity and activate antitumor cells thereby eliciting rejection of some established cancer. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antitumor-protective capacity of vaccination with gamma radiation-attenuated T. gondii against ovarian penetration in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC)-bearing mice.Materials and methods: Forty-five mice were randomly divided into three groups as follows: nontumor-bearing (normal control); EAC-bearing group (EAC); and mice vaccinated orally with gamma radiation-attenuated T. gondii then inoculated 2 weeks later with EAC (TG + EAC). Survival rate, serum interleukin-12 (IL-12), and levels of IFN-γ mRNA, CD4, and CD8 in ovarian tissues homogenate were assessed. Also, ovarian histopathology and immunohistochemical expressions of metalloproteinase-2, CD34, and vimentin were determined.Results: The group vaccinated with attenuated T. gondii showed significantly increased survival rates, serum IL-12, and levels of IFN-γ, CD4, and CD8 in ovarian tissue homogenates as well as an enhancement of histopathological and immunohistochemical changes compared to EAC-bearing group.Conclusion: Vaccination with gamma radiation-attenuated T. gondii has the capacity to supply immunoprotective impact against ovarian invasion in EAC-bearing mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eman N Hafez
- Health Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hanan M G Youssef
- Health Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hanan A El-Kabany
- Health Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rare Laryngeal Kaposi’s Sarcoma: Case Report and Innovative Surgical Approach. ARS MEDICA TOMITANA 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/arsm-2019-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Kaposi’s sarcoma is an angioproliferative neoplasm that usually appears on the skin, but can also involve all organs and anatomic locations. The atypical manifestations of Kaposi’s sarcoma can mislead the diagnosis, which can result in a poor case management. The authors present a HIV-negative patient with Kaposi’s sarcoma with both usual and unusual locations such as the larynx, eyelids and bones. In the pre-therapeutic balance, we used NBI, which showed an intensely vascularized tumor in the larynx. The chosen method for treatment consisted in subtotal epiglotectomy performed under TransOral UltraSonic Surgery (TOUSS) approach. The use of TOUSS endoscopic surgery helped reduce the time of hospitalization, the patient did not need a nasogastric tube and was orally fed from the first postoperative day, with a better and faster functional recovery.
Collapse
|
12
|
PDGFRA defines the mesenchymal stem cell Kaposi's sarcoma progenitors by enabling KSHV oncogenesis in an angiogenic environment. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1008221. [PMID: 31881074 PMCID: PMC6980685 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is an AIDS-defining cancer caused by the KS-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). Unanswered questions regarding KS are its cellular ontology and the conditions conducive to viral oncogenesis. We identify PDGFRA(+)/SCA-1(+) bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (Pα(+)S MSCs) as KS spindle-cell progenitors and found that pro-angiogenic environmental conditions typical of KS are critical for KSHV sarcomagenesis. This is because growth in KS-like conditions generates a de-repressed KSHV epigenome allowing oncogenic KSHV gene expression in infected Pα(+)S MSCs. Furthermore, these growth conditions allow KSHV-infected Pα(+)S MSCs to overcome KSHV-driven oncogene-induced senescence and cell cycle arrest via a PDGFRA-signaling mechanism; thus identifying PDGFRA not only as a phenotypic determinant for KS-progenitors but also as a critical enabler for viral oncogenesis.
Collapse
|
13
|
Doody J, Adil EA, Trenor CC, Cunningham MJ. The Genetic and Molecular Determinants of Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma: A Systematic Review. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2019; 128:1061-1072. [DOI: 10.1177/0003489419850194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) is a rare vascular tumor of unknown etiology. Studies investigating the molecular and genetic determinants of JNA are limited by small sample size and inconsistent approaches. The purpose of this study is to examine all eligible JNA studies in aggregate, applying qualitative analysis to highlight areas of particular relevance, including potential targets for therapeutic intervention. Methods: The PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane, and CINAHL databases were screened with inclusion and exclusion criteria applied to all citations. Manuscripts investigating the genetic determinants, histopathogenesis, and heritability of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma were included. Non-English studies, case reports, and articles focusing on clinical management without original data were excluded. Full text articles were obtained. A qualitative synthesis of data was performed. Results: A total of 59 articles met criteria for inclusion. These were divided into 6 categories based on the primary topic or target discussed, (1) steroid hormone receptors, (2) chromosomal abnormalities, (3) growth factors, (4) genetic targets, (5) molecular targets, (6) Wnt cell signaling, and (7) studies that overlapped multiple of the aforementioned categories. Although relatively low n values prevent definitive conclusions to be drawn, a predominance of certain molecular targets such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Wnt/β-catenin pathway intermediaries is apparent. Conclusions: Although the etiology of JNA remains elusive, contemporary molecular genetic investigation holds promise for risk stratification and could form the basis of a modernized staging system. A multicenter clinical registry and linked tissue bank would further promote the search for JNA specific biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Doody
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Enhancement, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eelam A. Adil
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Enhancement, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cameron C. Trenor
- Division of Hematology/Oncology and Vascular Anomalies Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael J. Cunningham
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Enhancement, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zheng L, Chen Y, Elhanan G, Perl Y, Geller J, Ochs C. Complex overlapping concepts: An effective auditing methodology for families of similarly structured BioPortal ontologies. J Biomed Inform 2018; 83:135-149. [PMID: 29852316 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2018.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In previous research, we have demonstrated for a number of ontologies that structurally complex concepts (for different definitions of "complex") in an ontology are more likely to exhibit errors than other concepts. Thus, such complex concepts often become fertile ground for quality assurance (QA) in ontologies. They should be audited first. One example of complex concepts is given by "overlapping concepts" (to be defined below.) Historically, a different auditing methodology had to be developed for every single ontology. For better scalability and efficiency, it is desirable to identify family-wide QA methodologies. Each such methodology would be applicable to a whole family of similar ontologies. In past research, we had divided the 685 ontologies of BioPortal into families of structurally similar ontologies. We showed for four ontologies of the same large family in BioPortal that "overlapping concepts" are indeed statistically significantly more likely to exhibit errors. In order to make an authoritative statement concerning the success of "overlapping concepts" as a methodology for a whole family of similar ontologies (or of large subhierarchies of ontologies), it is necessary to show that "overlapping concepts" have a higher likelihood of errors for six out of six ontologies of the family. In this paper, we are demonstrating for two more ontologies that "overlapping concepts" can successfully predict groups of concepts with a higher error rate than concepts from a control group. The fifth ontology is the Neoplasm subhierarchy of the National Cancer Institute thesaurus (NCIt). The sixth ontology is the Infectious Disease subhierarchy of SNOMED CT. We demonstrate quality assurance results for both of them. Furthermore, in this paper we observe two novel, important, and useful phenomena during quality assurance of "overlapping concepts." First, an erroneous "overlapping concept" can help with discovering other erroneous "non-overlapping concepts" in its vicinity. Secondly, correcting erroneous "overlapping concepts" may turn them into "non-overlapping concepts." We demonstrate that this may reduce the complexity of parts of the ontology, which in turn makes the ontology more comprehensible, simplifying maintenance and use of the ontology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zheng
- Department of Computer Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, United States.
| | - Yan Chen
- CIS Department, Borough of Manhattan Community College, CUNY, NY 10007, United States
| | - Gai Elhanan
- Applied Innovation Center, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV 89512, United States
| | - Yehoshua Perl
- Department of Computer Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, United States
| | - James Geller
- Department of Computer Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Primary cardiac tumors are a rare disease, which may have severe clinical consequences. Malignant tumors may be misdiagnosed as mixomas, with improper treatment. The aim of this review is to report how to make a differential diagnosis using old and modern tools, the latest trends in tumor classification and treatment, and their possible impact on prognosis. RECENT FINDINGS Papillary fibroelastomas seem to be more frequent than previously reported, and surgery is also suggested in asymptomatic patients. A genetic background has been identified for some myxomas and angiosarcomas. Malignant tumors are now classified as soft-tissue sarcomas of other organs. Immunohistochemistry and molecular diagnosis aid in recognizing several subtypes of sarcomas, leading to the possibility of targeted chemotherapy. The reports of single-center and multicenter experiences, collecting a large number of treated patients, analyzed the impact on prognosis of different approaches. The best results for survival and event-free survival are obtained with the multimodality approach. SUMMARY Before referring a patient with cardiac tumor to the cardiac surgeon, a presumptive diagnosis of benignity or malignancy should be obtained. Malignant tumors should be referred to a cardiac tumor team with special expertise, in order to plan the best therapeutic approach.
Collapse
|
16
|
Song L, Ding S, Ge Z, Zhu X, Qiu C, Wang Y, Lai E, Yang W, Sun Y, Chow SA, Yu L. Nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors attenuate angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis by impairing receptor tyrosine kinases signalling in endothelial cells. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 175:1241-1259. [PMID: 28910489 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cardiovascular disease associated with antiretroviral therapy (ART) has become a major clinical challenge for HIV-positive patients. However, the role of ART in blood vessel growth is largely unknown. Here, we examined an integral component of ART, nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and investigated their effects on key microvascular functions, including angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The angiogenesis/lymphangiogenesis capability of endothelial cells (ECs) was evaluated using migration, proliferation and tube formation assays in vitro, and mouse ear and Matrigel plug assays in vivo. Expressions of signalling molecules and mitochondrial antioxidant catalases were determined using Western blotting. Receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) internalization and endocytosis were examined using flow cytometry and confocal immunofluorescence microscopy respectively. Mitochondrial DNA copy number and ROS were determined using quantitative real-time PCR and MitoSOX staining respectively. KEY RESULTS Pharmaceutical doses of NRTIs [azidothymidine (AZT), tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and lamivudine (3TC)] inhibited angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis both in vivo and in vitro by affecting the proliferation and migration of ECs. Correspondingly, NRTIs selectively attenuated the activation and transduction of endothelial RTK signals, VEGFR2 and FGFR1 pathways, in vascular ECs and the VEGFR3 pathway in lymphatic ECs. Both TDF and 3TC restrained RTKs' endocytosis into early endosomes but not internalization, while AZT blocked the protein maturation of RTKs. Excessive ROS levels were detected in NRTI-treated ECs, and the MnSOD mimic MnTMPyP alleviated the angiogenic/lymphangiogenic defects induced by NRTIs. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS NRTIs negatively regulate angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis by inducing mitochondrial oxidative stress and subsequently impairing RTK signalling in ECs. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Spotlight on Small Molecules in Cardiovascular Diseases. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.8/issuetoc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Song
- Institute of Genetics and Regenerative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sha Ding
- Institute of Genetics and Regenerative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhen Ge
- Institute of Materia Medica, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaolong Zhu
- Institute of Genetics and Regenerative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cong Qiu
- Institute of Genetics and Regenerative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuewen Wang
- Institute of Genetics and Regenerative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Enyin Lai
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weijun Yang
- Institute of Genetics and Regenerative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Institute of Genetics and Regenerative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Samson A Chow
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Luyang Yu
- Institute of Genetics and Regenerative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Li Y, Zhong C, Liu D, Yu W, Chen W, Wang Y, Shi S, Yuan Y. Evidence for Kaposi Sarcoma Originating from Mesenchymal Stem Cell through KSHV-induced Mesenchymal-to-Endothelial Transition. Cancer Res 2017; 78:230-245. [PMID: 29066510 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-1961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The major transmission route for Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) infection is the oral cavity through saliva. Kaposi sarcoma (KS) frequently occurs in the oral cavity in HIV-positive individuals and is often the first presenting sign of AIDS. However, the oral target cells for KSHV infection and the cellular origin of Kaposi sarcoma remain unknown. Here we present clinical and experimental evidences that Kaposi sarcoma spindle cells may originate from virally modified oral mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). AIDS-KS spindle cells expressed neuroectodermal stem cell marker (Nestin) and oral MSC marker CD29, suggesting an oral/craniofacial MSC lineage of AIDS-associated Kaposi sarcoma. Furthermore, oral MSCs were highly susceptible to KSHV infection, and infection promoted multilineage differentiation and mesenchymal-to-endothelial transition (MEndT). KSHV infection of oral MSCs resulted in expression of a large number of cytokines, a characteristic of Kaposi sarcoma, and upregulation of Kaposi sarcoma signature and MEndT-associated genes. These results suggest that Kaposi sarcoma may originate from pluripotent MSC and KSHV infection transforms MSC to Kaposi sarcoma-like cells through MEndT.Significance: These findings indicate that Kaposi sarcomas, which arise frequently in AIDS patients, originate from neural crest-derived mesenchymal stem cells, with possible implications for improving the clnical treatment of this malignancy. Cancer Res; 78(1); 230-45. ©2017 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Li
- Institute of Human Virology and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Canrong Zhong
- Institute of Human Virology and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dawei Liu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenjing Yu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Weikang Chen
- Institute of Human Virology and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Human Virology and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Songtao Shi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yan Yuan
- Institute of Human Virology and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. .,Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhang Y, Liu Y, Zou J, Yan L, Du W, Zhang Y, Sun H, Lu P, Geng S, Gu R, Zhang H, Bi Z. Tetrahydrocurcumin induces mesenchymal-epithelial transition and suppresses angiogenesis by targeting HIF-1α and autophagy in human osteosarcoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:91134-91149. [PMID: 29207631 PMCID: PMC5710911 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Human osteosarcoma is considered a malignant tumor with poor prognosis that readily metastasizes. Tetrahydrocurcumin (THC) has been reported to have anti-tumor activity in numerous tumors. In addition, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) has been demonstrated to be associated with tumor metastasis by regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, the role of THC in osteosarcoma remains uncertain. Therefore, this study aimed to elucidate the potential mechanisms. We found that THC significantly reduced the growth of osteosarcoma cells and suppressed migration and invasion, as tested in a nude mouse lung metastasis model. Additionally, the mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) process was facilitated by THC. Mechanistically, our study showed that HIF-1α had a pivotal role in the anti-metastatic effect of THC. Importantly, HIF-1α expression was downregulated by THC by inhibiting Akt/mTOR and p38 MAPK pathways. Moreover, THC exhibited a remarkable inhibitory effect on HIF-1α expression and angiogenesis under hypoxic conditions. Furthermore, THC activated autophagy and induced MET and suppressed angiogenesis in a HIF-1α-related manner. Taken together, our findings suggest that THC suppresses metastasis and invasion and this may be associated with HIF-1α and autophagy, which would potentially provide therapeutic strategies for human osteosarcoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Nangang District, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China.,Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Jilong Zou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Nangang District, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Lixin Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China.,Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Wei Du
- School of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Yafeng Zhang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Hanliang Sun
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Peng Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Baoquanling Central Hospital, Baoquanling, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Shuo Geng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Nangang District, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Rui Gu
- Department of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China.,Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Hongyue Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China.,Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Zhenggang Bi
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Nangang District, Harbin, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Jeong S, Tong Y, Sha M, Gu J, Xia Q. Hepatitis B virus-associated intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a malignancy of distinctive characteristics between hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:17292-17300. [PMID: 28030846 PMCID: PMC5370041 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been a decade since hepatitis B virus infection was identified as an etiological factor for the development of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). In recent years, several studies have elucidated the critical impact of hepatitis B virus in ICC that significantly influenced the clinicopathological characteristics of ICC patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Distinctive features of patients with hepatitis B virus-associated ICC included younger age, preponderance of male patients, frequent elevation of alpha-fetoprotein, and infrequent lymph node metastasis. Furthermore, several studies indicated that the presence of hepatitis B virus is a favorable prognostic factor in terms of overall survival and relapse-free survival. However, there are also a few studies demonstrating that hepatitis B virus negatively influenced or showed no significant association with survival outcomes of patients with ICC. At present, there are no consensus on diagnostic procedures and treatments for such population. Therefore, we elucidated current knowledge and recent identifications of HBV-associated ICC to clarify the impact of chronic HBV infection on patients with ICC and to precisely conduct diagnostic procedures and curative treatments for HBV-associated ICC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seogsong Jeong
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Tong
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Sha
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinyang Gu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Xia
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wang S, Chen L, Cao Z, Mao X, Zhang L, Wang B. Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the lumbar spinal canal: A Case Report With Literature Review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e6488. [PMID: 28658093 PMCID: PMC5500015 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000006488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a rare type of mesenchymal tumor. IMT can arise in multiple anatomic locations. IMT of the lumbar spinal canal is exceptionally rare. PATIENT CONCERNS Here, we report the case of a 56-year-old male patient with an IMT who was in good health until 1 year prior to admission, when he began experiencing pain in both lower extremities and the lower back. INTERVENTIONS A space-occupying lesion in the lumbar canal was identified by magnetic resonance imaging and then surgically resected. DIAGNOSES Histopathological analysis of the lesion revealed a composition of mucous edema, inflammatory cells, collagenous fibers, and spindle cells that were diffuse and positive for smooth muscle actin and CD68; focal positive for vimentin and desmin; and negative for CD34 (marker of vascular endothelial cells), CD21, CD23, CD35, S-100, Epstein-Barr virus infection, Ki-67, and anaplastic lymphoma kinase. Thus, the diagnosis was an IMT of the lumbar canal. OUTCOMES In the spinal canal, IMT should be considered in the evaluation of tumors although it is a very rare diagnosis. It is a benign lesion, but it has potential for invasion and recurrence. LESSONS There are no characteristic imaging features of these tumors, but they can be addressed by complete surgical excision. Patients with these lesions should undergo frequent long-term follow-up to detect and address recurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wang
- Shandong Medical Imaging Research Institute, Shandong University
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University
- Medical Imaging Research Institute, Binzhou Medical University
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University
| | - Zhang Cao
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, China
| | - Xijin Mao
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University
- Medical Imaging Research Institute, Binzhou Medical University
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University
| | - Bin Wang
- Medical Imaging Research Institute, Binzhou Medical University
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gurzu S, Turdean SG, Pop ST, Zazgyva A, Roman CO, Opris M, Jung I. Different synovial vasculogenic profiles of primary, rapidly destructive and osteonecrosis-induced hip osteoarthritis. An immunohistochemistry study. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2017; 41:1107-1112. [PMID: 27704157 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-016-3302-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To present a hypothesis regarding the pathways of angiogenesis in primary versus secondary hip osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS In synovial tissue samples provided by 57 consecutive patients who underwent hip arthroplasty, immunohistochemical examinations were performed using the following angiogenesis-related antibodies: VEGF-A, COX-2, maspin and the endothelial cells markers CD31 and CD105. The cases were divided into three categories: classic primary hip OA (group A; n = 16), rapidly destructive hip OA (group B; n = 24) and hip OA secondary to avascular osteonecrosis of the femoral head (group C; n = 17). The endothelial area (EA) was digitally quantified for both CD31 and CD105. RESULTS The large mature vessels with CD105-positive activated endothelium predominated in group C, which also showed the highest CD105 median EA value (7.31 ± 4.01, compared to 4.76 ± 3.73 for group A and 6.69 ± 3.53 for group B). In groups A and B, synovial cell hyperplasia and the predominance of small immature vessels were characteristic. CD105, VEGF-A and COX-2 were focally seen in the synovial membrane, without maspin positivity. CONCLUSIONS The severity of hip OA can be related to angiogenesis pathways that are not maspin-mediated. In primary hip OA, angiogenesis may be induced by a combined mechanism: hypoxia-related VEGF-dependent vasculogenesis and endothelial differentiation of the activated pluripotent cells, which are released from the hyperplastic synovial cells layer. An endothelial mesenchymal transition is assumed to be involved in the fibrotic process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Gurzu
- Department of Pathology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 38 Ghe Marinescu Street, 540139, Tirgu, Mures, Romania
| | - Sabin Gligore Turdean
- Department of Pathology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 38 Ghe Marinescu Street, 540139, Tirgu, Mures, Romania.
| | - Sorin Tudor Pop
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Tirgu-Mures, Romania
| | - Ancuta Zazgyva
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Tirgu-Mures, Romania
| | - Ciprian Oliviu Roman
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Tirgu-Mures, Romania
| | - Mihaela Opris
- Department of Cardiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Tirgu-Mures, Romania
| | - Ioan Jung
- Department of Pathology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 38 Ghe Marinescu Street, 540139, Tirgu, Mures, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Turdean SG, Jung I, Gurzu S, Zazgyva A, Fetyko A, Roman CO, Turcu M, Pop TS. Histopathological evaluation and expression of the pluripotent mesenchymal stem cell-like markers CD105 and CD44 in the synovial membrane of patients with primary versus secondary hip osteoarthritis. J Investig Med 2017; 65:363-369. [PMID: 27803113 DOI: 10.1136/jim-2016-000244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
To present the morphological changes of classic primary versus rapidly progressive and secondary hip osteoarthritis (HO) and to examine the expression of two pluripotent mesenchymal stem cell-like markers in the synovial membrane. A prospective observational study was conducted in 57 consecutive cases of radiologically confirmed HO in which total hip arthroplasty was performed. Based on the radiological and clinicopathological features, the cases were divided into three categories: classic primary HO (group A; n=16), rapidly destructive HO (group B; n=24), and HO secondary to avascular osteonecrosis of the femoral head (group C; n=17). Immunostains were performed using the markers CD44 and CD105. The cases from group A were mainly characterized by a marked perivascular inflammatory infiltrate and simple synovial hyperplasia. In group B, the papillary type of synovial hyperplasia was found and presence of chondromatosis, ossification, and ectopic follicles with germinal centers in the subsynovial layer was characteristic, whereas marked calcification and/or ossification were seen in group C. Focal expression of the CD105 and CD44 was noted in the hyperplastic synovial cells and subsynovial layer in cases from group A, whereas synovial cells from group B were diffusely positive for both CD44 and CD105. In secondary HO, CD44 marked the inflammatory cells. Mobilization of the CD44/CD105 positive synovial cells seems to play a role in the genesis of HO. The number of the pluripotent mesenchymal stem cell-like cells derived from the hyperplastic synovial cells might be related to the severity of possible immune-mediated rapidly destructive HO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ioan Jung
- Department of Pathology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Tirgu-Mures, Romania
| | - Simona Gurzu
- Department of Pathology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Tirgu-Mures, Romania
| | - Ancuta Zazgyva
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Tirgu-Mures, Romania
| | - Annamaria Fetyko
- Department of Pathology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Tirgu-Mures, Romania
| | - Ciprian Oliviu Roman
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Tirgu-Mures, Romania
| | - Mihai Turcu
- Department of Pathology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Tirgu-Mures, Romania
| | - Tudor Sorin Pop
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Tirgu-Mures, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hasby EA, El Mashad N, Eltatawy R. C-Kit, CD34 & α-SMA Immunohistochemical Features in Classic Kaposi Sarcoma and Kaposiform Hemangioendothelioma. J Microsc Ultrastruct 2017; 5:49-57. [PMID: 30023237 PMCID: PMC6014259 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmau.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose & Methods: The aim of this work was to study the clinicopathological features of Kaposi sarcoma (KS) & kaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KHE) and analyze their immunohistochemical expression of c-Kit, CD34, α-SMA. The study was performed on cutaneous 10 classic KS & 8 KHE. Results: KHE shows several dilated lymphatic channels, focal capillary formation, lack of nuclear atypia and mitosis within tumor cells. These features help to exclude Kaposi sarcoma in spite of the kaposiform pattern of tumor cells. C-Kit was expressed by tumor cells in all KHE cases and in 60% only of KS. All elements within both tumor groups expressed CD34 antibody. α-SMA was expressed by tumor cells in 70% of KS cases and none of KHE. Conclusion: C-Kit and CD34 seem to be reliable at labeling KS and KHE as they can help in diagnosis of these tumors in routinely processed tissue but they don’t differentiate between them. If α-SMA also labeled the tumor, then KHE diagnosis can be ruled out. KS & KHE exemplify stem cell tumors that could give smooth muscle cell–like phenotype in KS. Anti C-kit therapy should be tested in KS & KHE to prevent recurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eiman A Hasby
- Pathology Department, Tanta Faculty of Medicine, Egypt
| | - Nehal El Mashad
- Clinical Oncology Department, Tanta Faculty of Medicine, Egypt
| | - Rania Eltatawy
- Dermatology Department, Tanta Faculty of Medicine, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Lee S, Jang J, Jeon H, Lee J, Yoo SM, Park J, Lee MS. Latent Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection in bladder cancer cells promotes drug resistance by reducing reactive oxygen species. J Microbiol 2016; 54:782-788. [PMID: 27796928 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-016-6388-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the major etiologic agent of Kaposi's sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma, and multicentric Castleman's disease. Recent studies have indicated that KSHV can be detected at high frequency in patient-derived bladder cancer tissue and might be associated with the pathogenesis of bladder cancer. Bladder cancer is the second most common cancer of the genitourinary tract, and it has a high rate of recurrence. Because drug resistance is closely related to chemotherapy failure and cancer recurrence, we investigated whether KSHV infection is associated with drug resistance of bladder cancer cells. Some KSHV-infected bladder cancer cell lines showed resistance to an anti-cancer drug, cisplatin, possibly as a result of down-regulation of reactive oxygen species. Additionally, drug resistance acquired from KSHV infection could partly be overcome by HDAC1 inhibitors. Taken together, the data suggest the possible role of KSHV in chemo-resistant bladder cancer, and indicate the therapeutic potential of HDAC1 inhibitors in drug-resistant bladder cancers associated with KSHV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suhyuk Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 34824, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehyuk Jang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 34824, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungtaek Jeon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 34824, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisu Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 34824, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Min Yoo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 34824, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsung Park
- Department of Urology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 34824, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Shin Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 34824, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Iatrogenic Kaposi's sarcoma following therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2016; 33:149-51. [PMID: 27279826 PMCID: PMC4884783 DOI: 10.5114/ada.2016.59163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
|
26
|
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells of Diverse Origins Support Persistent Infection with Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus and Manifest Distinct Angiogenic, Invasive, and Transforming Phenotypes. mBio 2016; 7:e02109-15. [PMID: 26814175 PMCID: PMC4742711 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02109-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), a highly angiogenic and invasive tumor often involving different organ sites, including the oral cavity, is caused by infection with Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). Diverse cell markers have been identified on KS tumor cells, but their origin remains an enigma. We previously showed that KSHV could efficiently infect, transform, and reprogram rat primary mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into KS-like tumor cells. In this study, we showed that human primary MSCs derived from diverse organs, including bone marrow (MSCbm), adipose tissue (MSCa), dental pulp, gingiva tissue (GMSC), and exfoliated deciduous teeth, were permissive to KSHV infection. We successfully established long-term cultures of KSHV-infected MSCa, MSCbm, and GMSC (LTC-KMSCs). While LTC-KMSCs had lower proliferation rates than the uninfected cells, they expressed mixtures of KS markers and displayed differential angiogenic, invasive, and transforming phenotypes. Genetic analysis identified KSHV-derived microRNAs that mediated KSHV-induced angiogenic activity by activating the AKT pathway. These results indicated that human MSCs could be the KSHV target cells in vivo and established valid models for delineating the mechanism of KSHV infection, replication, and malignant transformation in biologically relevant cell types. IMPORTANCE Kaposi's sarcoma is the most common cancer in AIDS patients. While KSHV infection is required for the development of Kaposi's sarcoma, the origin of KSHV target cells remains unclear. We show that KSHV can efficiently infect human primary mesenchymal stem cells of diverse origins and reprogram them to acquire various degrees of Kaposi's sarcoma-like cell makers and angiogenic, invasive, and transforming phenotypes. These results indicate that human mesenchymal stem cells might be the KSHV target cells and establish models for delineating the mechanism of KSHV-induced malignant transformation.
Collapse
|
27
|
Lan J, Huang B, Liu R, Ju X, Zhou Y, Jiang J, Liang W, Shen Y, Li F, Pang L. Expression of cancer stem cell markers and their correlation with pathogenesis in vascular tumors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:12621-12633. [PMID: 26722452 PMCID: PMC4680397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Vascular tumor, which belongs to a kind of complicated lesion in soft tissue tumor, is derived from mesenchymal tissue. Although many studies have been focused on the pathogenesis of vascular tumors in human, the specific mechanism of the vascular tumors was currently unclear. Previous studies have reported an association of cancer stem cells with the development of tumor in many solid tumors. Thus the purpose of this study was to explore whether different expression level of cancer stem cell markers including CD29, CD44, CD133, nestin and ALDH1 in vascular tumor may help to elucidate the possible pathogenesis of vascular tumor. In present study, tissues of 9 cases of hemangioma, 22 cases of hemangiosarcoma, 3 cases of Kaposi's sarcoma, and 5 cases of hemangioendothelioma were immunostained for CD29, CD44, CD133, nestin and ALDH1. Of the 39 vascular tumor cases included in the current study, CD29, CD133 and nestin were positive in most vascular tumor cases. Although CD44 and ALDH1 were observed in vascular tumor cases, the percentage of cells staining for the two markers was less than 2% in all cases of vascular tumor. Capillary hemangiomas exhibited significantly higher expression rate of CD29 and nestin compared with malignant vascular tumors and hemangioendotheliomas (P<0.05, Fisher's exact test), while CD44, CD133 and ALDH1 exhibited no statistically significant difference between these two groups. Pearson correlation analysis exhibited that CD29 expression and nestin expression in vascular tumor were no statistically significant relationship (C=0.288, P=0.063>0.05). Our findings confirmed that the five cancer stem cells markers, including CD29, CD44, CD133, nestin and ALDH1, exhibited different expression levels in vascular tumors and demonstrated that immunohistochemical analysis for cancer stem cells markers may provide useful information for studying the pathogenesis of vascular tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Lan
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of MedicineShihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Bing Huang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital to Shihezi University School of MedicineShihezi 832008, Xinjiang, China
| | - Ruixue Liu
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of MedicineShihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xinxin Ju
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of MedicineShihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of MedicineShihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jinfang Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of MedicineShihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Weihua Liang
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of MedicineShihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yaoyuan Shen
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of MedicineShihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of MedicineShihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Lijuan Pang
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of MedicineShihezi, Xinjiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zavan B, De Francesco F, D'Andrea F, Ferroni L, Gardin C, Salzillo R, Nicoletti G, Ferraro GA. Persistence of CD34 Stem Marker in Human Lipoma: Searching for Cancer Stem Cells. Int J Biol Sci 2015; 11:1127-39. [PMID: 26327807 PMCID: PMC4551749 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.11946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Lipomas are benign solid tumours that develop in soft tissues with origin in mesenchymal progenitors. Macroscopically, they appear as soft-elastic nodules, varying in volume from a few millimiters to several centimetres and can enlarge progressively. Although they are usually asymptomatic, they can cause symptoms due to nerve or vessel compression. Microscopically they appear as fibrous connective tissue stroma with embedded adipocytes, and absence of inflammation. Up to now no characterisation of stem cell population present in this tissue has been performed. Methods: Cytofluorimetric, biological and molecular biology analyses have been performed in order to test superficial cell markers and gene expression profile related to stemness and apoptotic activity of cells present in lipoma tissues compared to those of adipose tissue's cells. Results: Our results confirmed that CD34+ cells in lipoma were present around small adipocytes, showing several altered biological activity such as proliferation, apoptotis and stemness. Conclusions: The data emerging from the comparison of the lipoma cells and normal adipose tissue, suggests the presence of cell precursors involved in the development of the lipoma. This hypothesis requires further investigation and may indicate new thresholds in the study of benign tumour pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Zavan
- 2. Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Ugo Bassi, 58/B, 35131, Padua (Italy)
| | - Francesco De Francesco
- 1. Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, Second University of Naples, L. De Crecchio, 6, 80138, Naples (Italy)
| | - Francesco D'Andrea
- 1. Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, Second University of Naples, L. De Crecchio, 6, 80138, Naples (Italy)
| | - Letizia Ferroni
- 2. Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Ugo Bassi, 58/B, 35131, Padua (Italy)
| | - Chiara Gardin
- 2. Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Ugo Bassi, 58/B, 35131, Padua (Italy)
| | - Rosa Salzillo
- 1. Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, Second University of Naples, L. De Crecchio, 6, 80138, Naples (Italy)
| | - Gianfranco Nicoletti
- 1. Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, Second University of Naples, L. De Crecchio, 6, 80138, Naples (Italy)
| | - Giuseppe A Ferraro
- 1. Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, Second University of Naples, L. De Crecchio, 6, 80138, Naples (Italy)
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Gurzu S, Turdean S, Kovecsi A, Contac AO, Jung I. Epithelial-mesenchymal, mesenchymal-epithelial, and endothelial-mesenchymal transitions in malignant tumors: An update. World J Clin Cases 2015; 3:393-404. [PMID: 25984514 PMCID: PMC4419103 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v3.i5.393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) represents conversion of an epithelial cell in an elongated cell with mesenchymal phenotype, which can occur in physiologic and pathologic processes such as embryogenesis (type 1 EMT), wound healing and/or fibrosis (type 2 EMT) and malignant tumors (type 3 EMT). The proliferation rate, metastasizing and recurrence capacity, as also the individualized response at chemotherapics, in both epithelial and mesenchymal malignant tumors is known to be influenced by reversible switch between EMT and mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET). Although much research work has already been done in these fields, the specific molecular pathways of EMT, relating to the tumor type and tumor localization, are yet to be elucidated. In this paper, based on the literature and personal experience of the authors, an update in the field of EMT vs MET in epithelial and mesenchymal tumors is presented. The authors tried to present the latest data about the particularities of these processes, and also of the so-called endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition, based on tumor location. The EMT-angiogenesis link is discussed as a possible valuable parameter for clinical follow-up and targeted therapeutic oncologic management. The paper begins with presentation of the basic aspects of EMT, its classification and assessment possibilities, and concludes with prognostic and therapeutic perspectives. The particularities of EMT and MET in gastric and colorectal carcinomas, pancreatic cancer, hepatocellular and cholangiocarcinomas, and lung, breast and prostate cancers, respectively in sarcomas and gastrointestinal stromal tumors are presented in detail.
Collapse
|
30
|
Gurzu S, Ciortea D, Tamasi A, Golea M, Bodi A, Sahlean DI, Kovecsi A, Jung I. The immunohistochemical profile of granular cell (Abrikossoff) tumor suggests an endomesenchymal origin. Arch Dermatol Res 2015; 307:151-7. [PMID: 25262119 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-014-1505-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Granular cell tumor (GCT) is an uncommon soft tissue neoplasm which has an unclear histogenesis. The aim of this study was to analyze its immunophenotype and hypothesize on the histogenesis of GCT. A database of 2,250 soft tissue tumors was examined to identify and characterize the particularities of GCTs. A large panel of antibodies was used. Of the 2,250 tumors, only 15 were GCTs (0.66 %); these were diagnosed in patients whose average age was 37 years. Among them, 5 had malignant potential, the remaining 10 were benign. One of these benign tumors was associated with a metachronous chondrosarcoma with metastases in the lungs. No recurrences were reported in these cases. The benign tumors displayed positivity for S-100, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), CD56, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), and inhibin. In the atypical GCTs, NSE, S-100 protein, c-KIT, RET and EMA were positive, while inhibin and CD56 were negative; rare osteoclastic-like histiocytes, marked by CD68, were seen. All cases were negative for CD31, CD34, smooth muscle actin, desmin, maspin, and calretinin. Ovoid bodies expressed CD105, synaptophysin, and HER-2. All the cases were microsatellite-stable tumors. The immunoprofile suggests that the GCT seems to have an endomesenchymal origin. The c-KIT and RET positivity, associated with microsatellite stability, and the immunoprofile of the ovoid bodies have never reported before in GCTs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Gurzu
- Department of Pathology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Tirgu-Mures, 38 Ghe Marinescu Street, 540139, Tirgu-Mures, Romania,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Xiao L, Kim DJ, Davis CL, McCann JV, Dunleavey JM, Vanderlinden AK, Xu N, Pattenden SG, Frye SV, Xu X, Onaitis M, Monaghan-Benson E, Burridge K, Dudley AC. Tumor Endothelial Cells with Distinct Patterns of TGFβ-Driven Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition. Cancer Res 2015; 75:1244-54. [PMID: 25634211 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-1616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) occurs during development and underlies the pathophysiology of multiple diseases. In tumors, unscheduled EndMT generates cancer-associated myofibroblasts that fuel inflammation and fibrosis, and may contribute to vascular dysfunction that promotes tumor progression. We report that freshly isolated subpopulations of tumor-specific endothelial cells (TEC) from a spontaneous mammary tumor model undergo distinct forms of EndMT in response to TGFβ stimulation. Although some TECs strikingly upregulate α smooth muscle actin (SMA), a principal marker of EndMT and activated myofibroblasts, counterpart normal mammary gland endothelial cells (NEC) showed little change in SMA expression after TGFβ treatment. Compared with NECs, SMA(+) TECs were 40% less motile in wound-healing assays and formed more stable vascular-like networks in vitro when challenged with TGFβ. Lineage tracing using ZsGreen(Cdh5-Cre) reporter mice confirmed that only a fraction of vessels in breast tumors contain SMA(+) TECs, suggesting that not all endothelial cells (EC) respond identically to TGFβ in vivo. Indeed, examination of 84 TGFβ-regulated target genes revealed entirely different genetic signatures in TGFβ-stimulated NEC and TEC cultures. Finally, we found that basic FGF (bFGF) exerts potent inhibitory effects on many TGFβ-regulated genes but operates in tandem with TGFβ to upregulate others. ECs challenged with TGFβ secrete bFGF, which blocks SMA expression in secondary cultures, suggesting a cell-autonomous or lateral-inhibitory mechanism for impeding mesenchymal differentiation. Together, our results suggest that TGFβ-driven EndMT produces a spectrum of EC phenotypes with different functions that could underlie the plasticity and heterogeneity of the tumor vasculature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xiao
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Dae Joong Kim
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Clayton L Davis
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - James V McCann
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - James M Dunleavey
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Alissa K Vanderlinden
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Nuo Xu
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Samantha G Pattenden
- Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Stephen V Frye
- Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Xia Xu
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Mark Onaitis
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Elizabeth Monaghan-Benson
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Keith Burridge
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. McAllister Heart Institute, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Andrew C Dudley
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. McAllister Heart Institute, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Jung I, Gurzu S, Turdean S, Ciortea D, Sahlean DI, Golea M, Bara T. Relationship of endothelial area with VEGF-A, COX-2, maspin, c-KIT, and DOG-1 immunoreactivity in liposarcomas versus non-lipomatous soft tissue tumors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:1776-82. [PMID: 25973067 DOI: pmid/25973067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Soft tissue tumors are rare tumors that show a heterogeneous structure; thus far, their molecular behavior has not been elucidated. The aim of our study was to define the relationship between microvessel density (MVD), evaluated with CD31, and other immunohistochemical markers, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), CD34, maspin, DOG-1, and c-KIT. Immunostains were done in 55 cases consisting of benign and malignant tumors, such as liposarcomas, dermatofibrosarcomas, and tumors with histiocytic differentiation. Renal tubes were used as external control for VEGF, maspin, and DOG-1. Although DOG-1 is considered a specific marker for gastrointestinal tumors (GISTs), its positivity, correlated with c-KIT and VEGF immunoexpression, was also shown by dermatofibrosarcomas and tumors with histiocytic and lipomatous differentiation, suggesting its possible pro-angiogenic role. Maspin expression was observed in adipose tissue tumors only. Regarding angiogenesis, 31 of the 55 cases were VEGF-positive, such positivity being directly correlated with COX-2 and CD34 positivity as evaluated in the tumor cells and also with MVD. Although no significant differences in angiogenic activity were found between benign and malignant non-lipomatous tumors, the MVD was directly correlated with the histological type/grade of liposarcomas. Based on these aspects, we conclude that VEGF/COX-2-induced angiogenesis is specific for non-lipomatous tumors, whereas liposarcomas are dependent on the VEGF/maspin angiogenic pathway. The DOG-1/c-KIT/VEGF target may be used for further personalized therapy of soft tissue sarcomas. No data about DOG-1 and maspin positivity in liposarcomas have been published to date.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioan Jung
- Department of Pathology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Tirgu-Mures, Romania
| | - Simona Gurzu
- Department of Pathology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Tirgu-Mures, Romania
| | - Sabin Turdean
- Department of Pathology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Tirgu-Mures, Romania
| | - Diana Ciortea
- Department of Pathology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Tirgu-Mures, Romania
| | - Danut Ioan Sahlean
- Department of Pathology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Tirgu-Mures, Romania
| | - Mircea Golea
- Department of Pathology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Tirgu-Mures, Romania
| | - Tivadar Bara
- Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Tirgu-Mures, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ablanedo-Terrazas Y, Alvarado-de la Barrera C, Ormsby CE, Ruiz-Cruz M, Reyes-Terán G. Intralesional bevacizumab in patients with human immunodeficiency virus-associated Kaposi's sarcoma in the upper airway. Laryngoscope 2014; 125:E132-7. [PMID: 25345840 DOI: 10.1002/lary.24988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intralesional bevacizumab, a monoclonal antibody against vascular endothelial growth factor, in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated Kaposi's sarcoma of the upper airway receiving antiretroviral therapy. STUDY DESIGN A pilot randomized, open, phase II study. METHODS HIV-infected patients with Kaposi's sarcoma lesions of the upper airway in the T0 stage were randomized to receive antiretroviral therapy alone or antiretroviral therapy with intralesional bevacizumab. The primary end point was the assessment of changes in tumor size according to the Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST); the secondary end point was safety. RESULTS Of the 14 patients with Kaposi's sarcoma included in the study, seven were assigned to the bevacizumab group and seven to the control group. The median age was 30.5 years (interquartile range [IQR], 24.7-38.2). Four patients (28.5%) had >150 CD4 T cells/mm(3). Nine patients had lesions in the oral cavity; three patients had pharyngeal disease; one patient had laryngeal involvement; and one patient had oral cavity, pharyngeal, and laryngeal involvement. Four patients had complete response (28.5%), two had partial response, six had stable disease, and two had progressive disease. The median time to complete response was 13 weeks (IQR, 7.5-36.5). No statistical differences between groups were observed (P = .124). In the bevacizumab group, one patient had a grade I adverse event, and another patient had a grade II adverse event. CONCLUSIONS Intralesional administration of bevacizumab was well tolerated but had no impact on upper respiratory tract Kaposi's sarcoma lesions of HIV-infected patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuria Ablanedo-Terrazas
- Center for Research in Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|