1
|
Bukhman YV, Morin PA, Meyer S, Chu LF, Jacobsen JK, Antosiewicz-Bourget J, Mamott D, Gonzales M, Argus C, Bolin J, Berres ME, Fedrigo O, Steill J, Swanson SA, Jiang P, Rhie A, Formenti G, Phillippy AM, Harris RS, Wood JMD, Howe K, Kirilenko BM, Munegowda C, Hiller M, Jain A, Kihara D, Johnston JS, Ionkov A, Raja K, Toh H, Lang A, Wolf M, Jarvis ED, Thomson JA, Chaisson MJP, Stewart R. A High-Quality Blue Whale Genome, Segmental Duplications, and Historical Demography. Mol Biol Evol 2024; 41:msae036. [PMID: 38376487 PMCID: PMC10919930 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msae036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The blue whale, Balaenoptera musculus, is the largest animal known to have ever existed, making it an important case study in longevity and resistance to cancer. To further this and other blue whale-related research, we report a reference-quality, long-read-based genome assembly of this fascinating species. We assembled the genome from PacBio long reads and utilized Illumina/10×, optical maps, and Hi-C data for scaffolding, polishing, and manual curation. We also provided long read RNA-seq data to facilitate the annotation of the assembly by NCBI and Ensembl. Additionally, we annotated both haplotypes using TOGA and measured the genome size by flow cytometry. We then compared the blue whale genome with other cetaceans and artiodactyls, including vaquita (Phocoena sinus), the world's smallest cetacean, to investigate blue whale's unique biological traits. We found a dramatic amplification of several genes in the blue whale genome resulting from a recent burst in segmental duplications, though the possible connection between this amplification and giant body size requires further study. We also discovered sites in the insulin-like growth factor-1 gene correlated with body size in cetaceans. Finally, using our assembly to examine the heterozygosity and historical demography of Pacific and Atlantic blue whale populations, we found that the genomes of both populations are highly heterozygous and that their genetic isolation dates to the last interglacial period. Taken together, these results indicate how a high-quality, annotated blue whale genome will serve as an important resource for biology, evolution, and conservation research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yury V Bukhman
- Regenerative Biology, Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Phillip A Morin
- Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Susanne Meyer
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Li-Fang Chu
- Regenerative Biology, Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | | | | | - Daniel Mamott
- Regenerative Biology, Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Maylie Gonzales
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Cara Argus
- Regenerative Biology, Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Jennifer Bolin
- Regenerative Biology, Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Mark E Berres
- University of Wisconsin Biotechnology Center, Bioinformatics Resource Center, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Olivier Fedrigo
- Vertebrate Genome Lab, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - John Steill
- Regenerative Biology, Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Scott A Swanson
- Regenerative Biology, Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Peng Jiang
- Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease (GRHD), Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Center for RNA Science and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Arang Rhie
- Genome Informatics Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Giulio Formenti
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics of Language, The Rockefeller University/HHMI, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Adam M Phillippy
- Genome Informatics Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Robert S Harris
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | | | - Kerstin Howe
- Tree of Life, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Bogdan M Kirilenko
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany
- Senckenberg Research Institute, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Chetan Munegowda
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany
- Senckenberg Research Institute, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Michael Hiller
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany
- Senckenberg Research Institute, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Aashish Jain
- Department of Computer Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Daisuke Kihara
- Department of Computer Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - J Spencer Johnston
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Alexander Ionkov
- Regenerative Biology, Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Kalpana Raja
- Regenerative Biology, Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Huishi Toh
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Aimee Lang
- Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Magnus Wolf
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity (IEB), University of Muenster, 48149, Muenster, Germany
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Erich D Jarvis
- Vertebrate Genome Lab, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics of Language, The Rockefeller University/HHMI, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - James A Thomson
- Regenerative Biology, Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Mark J P Chaisson
- Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Ron Stewart
- Regenerative Biology, Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kumar V, Stewart JH. Obesity, bone marrow adiposity, and leukemia: Time to act. Obes Rev 2024; 25:e13674. [PMID: 38092420 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Obesity has taken the face of a pandemic with less direct concern among the general population and scientific community. However, obesity is considered a low-grade systemic inflammation that impacts multiple organs. Chronic inflammation is also associated with different solid and blood cancers. In addition, emerging evidence demonstrates that individuals with obesity are at higher risk of developing blood cancers and have poorer clinical outcomes than individuals in a normal weight range. The bone marrow is critical for hematopoiesis, lymphopoiesis, and myelopoiesis. Therefore, it is vital to understand the mechanisms by which obesity-associated changes in BM adiposity impact leukemia development. BM adipocytes are critical to maintain homeostasis via different means, including immune regulation. However, obesity increases BM adiposity and creates a pro-inflammatory environment to upregulate clonal hematopoiesis and a leukemia-supportive environment. Obesity further alters lymphopoiesis and myelopoiesis via different mechanisms, which dysregulate myeloid and lymphoid immune cell functions mentioned in the text under different sequentially discussed sections. The altered immune cell function during obesity alters hematological malignancies and leukemia susceptibility. Therefore, obesity-induced altered BM adiposity, immune cell generation, and function impact an individual's predisposition and severity of leukemia, which should be considered a critical factor in leukemia patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Department of Surgery, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - John H Stewart
- Department of Surgery, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hernandez M, Shin S, Muller C, Attané C. The role of bone marrow adipocytes in cancer progression: the impact of obesity. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2022; 41:589-605. [PMID: 35708800 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-022-10042-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow adipose tissues (BMATs) and their main cellular component, bone marrow adipocytes (BMAds), are found within the bone marrow (BM), which is a niche for the development of hematological malignancies as well as bone metastasis from solid tumors such as breast and prostate cancers. In humans, BMAds are present within the hematopoietic or "red" BMAT and in the "yellow" BMAT where they are more densely packed. BMAds are emerging as new actors in tumor progression; however, there are many outstanding questions regarding their precise role. In this review, we summarized our current knowledge regarding the development, distribution, and regulation by external stimuli of the BMATs in mice and humans and addressed how obesity could affect these traits. We then discussed the specific metabolic phenotype of BMAds that appear to be different from "classical" white adipocytes, since they are devoid of lipolytic function. According to this characterization, we presented how tumor cells affect the in vitro and in vivo phenotype of BMAds and the signals emanating from BMAds that are susceptible to modulate tumor behavior with a specific emphasis on their metabolic crosstalk with cancer cells. Finally, we discussed how obesity could affect this crosstalk. Deciphering the role of BMAds in tumor progression would certainly lead to the identification of new targets in oncology in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marine Hernandez
- Institut de Pharmacologie Et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre Le Cancer, Toulouse, France
| | - Sauyeun Shin
- Institut de Pharmacologie Et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre Le Cancer, Toulouse, France
| | - Catherine Muller
- Institut de Pharmacologie Et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France.
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre Le Cancer, Toulouse, France.
| | - Camille Attané
- Institut de Pharmacologie Et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France.
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre Le Cancer, Toulouse, France.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dai B, Xu J, Li X, Huang L, Hopkins C, Wang H, Yao H, Mi J, Zheng L, Wang J, Tong W, Chow DHK, Li Y, He X, Hu P, Chen Z, Zu H, Li Y, Yao Y, Jiang Q, Qin L. Macrophages in epididymal adipose tissue secrete osteopontin to regulate bone homeostasis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:427. [PMID: 35058428 PMCID: PMC8776868 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27683-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) secretes an array of cytokines to regulate the metabolism of organs and tissues in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity, but its effects on bone metabolism are not well understood. Here, we report that macrophages in eWAT are a main source of osteopontin, which selectively circulates to the bone marrow and promotes the degradation of the bone matrix by activating osteoclasts, as well as modulating bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) to engulf the lipid droplets released from adipocytes in the bone marrow of mice. However, the lactate accumulation induced by osteopontin regulation blocks both lipolysis and osteoclastogenesis in BMDMs by limiting the energy regeneration by ATP6V0d2 in lysosomes. Both surgical removal of eWAT and local injection of either clodronate liposomes (for depleting macrophages) or osteopontin-neutralizing antibody show comparable amelioration of HFD-induced bone loss in mice. These results provide an avenue for developing therapeutic strategies to mitigate obesity-related bone disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingyang Dai
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory of Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology and Innovative Orthopaedic Biomaterial & Drug Translational Research Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiankun Xu
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory of Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology and Innovative Orthopaedic Biomaterial & Drug Translational Research Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xu Li
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory of Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology and Innovative Orthopaedic Biomaterial & Drug Translational Research Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Le Huang
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory of Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology and Innovative Orthopaedic Biomaterial & Drug Translational Research Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chelsea Hopkins
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory of Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology and Innovative Orthopaedic Biomaterial & Drug Translational Research Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Honglian Wang
- Research Center for Integrated Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Hao Yao
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory of Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology and Innovative Orthopaedic Biomaterial & Drug Translational Research Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jie Mi
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory of Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology and Innovative Orthopaedic Biomaterial & Drug Translational Research Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lizhen Zheng
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory of Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology and Innovative Orthopaedic Biomaterial & Drug Translational Research Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiali Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenxue Tong
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory of Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology and Innovative Orthopaedic Biomaterial & Drug Translational Research Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dick Ho-Kiu Chow
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory of Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology and Innovative Orthopaedic Biomaterial & Drug Translational Research Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ye Li
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory of Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology and Innovative Orthopaedic Biomaterial & Drug Translational Research Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xuan He
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory of Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology and Innovative Orthopaedic Biomaterial & Drug Translational Research Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Peijie Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ziyi Chen
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory of Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology and Innovative Orthopaedic Biomaterial & Drug Translational Research Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Haiyue Zu
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory of Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology and Innovative Orthopaedic Biomaterial & Drug Translational Research Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yixuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yao Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ling Qin
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory of Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology and Innovative Orthopaedic Biomaterial & Drug Translational Research Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang X, Robles H, Magee L K, Lorenz R M, Wang Z, Harris A C, Craft S C, Scheller L E. A bone-specific adipogenesis pathway in fat-free mice defines key origins and adaptations of bone marrow adipocytes with age and disease. eLife 2021; 10:66275. [PMID: 34378533 PMCID: PMC8412938 DOI: 10.7554/elife.66275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow adipocytes accumulate with age and in diverse disease states. However, their origins and adaptations in these conditions remain unclear, impairing our understanding of their context-specific endocrine functions and relationship with surrounding tissues. In this study, by analyzing bone and adipose tissues in the lipodystrophic ‘fat-free’ mouse, we define a novel, secondary adipogenesis pathway that relies on the recruitment of adiponectin-negative stromal progenitors. This pathway is unique to the bone marrow and is activated with age and in states of metabolic stress in the fat-free mouse model, resulting in the expansion of bone marrow adipocytes specialized for lipid storage with compromised lipid mobilization and cytokine expression within regions traditionally devoted to hematopoiesis. This finding further distinguishes bone marrow from peripheral adipocytes and contributes to our understanding of bone marrow adipocyte origins, adaptations, and relationships with surrounding tissues with age and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University, Saint Louis, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, Saint Louis, United States
| | - Hero Robles
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University, Saint Louis, United States
| | - Kristann Magee L
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University, Saint Louis, United States
| | - Madelyn Lorenz R
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University, Saint Louis, United States
| | - Zhaohua Wang
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University, Saint Louis, United States.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, Saint Louis, United States
| | - Charles Harris A
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University, Saint Louis, United States
| | - Clarissa Craft S
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University, Saint Louis, United States
| | - Erica Scheller L
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University, Saint Louis, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, Saint Louis, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Von Bank H, Kirsh C, Simcox J. Aging adipose: Depot location dictates age-associated expansion and dysfunction. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 67:101259. [PMID: 33515751 PMCID: PMC8379680 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue has a variety of diverse functions that maintain energy homeostasis. In conditions of excess energy availability, adipose tissue increases its lipid storage and communicates the nutritional abundance to various organs in the body. In conditions of energy depletion, such as fasting, cold exposure, or prolonged exercise, triglycerides stored in adipose tissue are released as free fatty acids to support the shift to catabolic metabolism. These diverse functions of storage, communication, and energy homeostasis are shared between numerous adipose depots including subcutaneous, visceral, brown, beige, intramuscular, marrow, and dermal adipose tissue. As organisms age, the cellular composition of these depots shifts to facilitate increased inflammatory cell infiltration, decreased vasculature, and increased adipocyte quantity and lipid droplet size. The purpose of this review is to give a comprehensive overview of the molecular and cellular changes that occur in various aged adipose depots and discuss their impact on physiology. The molecular signature of aged adipose leads to higher prevalence of metabolic disease in aged populations including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer's disease, and certain types of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helaina Von Bank
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin Madison, USA.
| | - Charlie Kirsh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin Madison, USA.
| | - Judith Simcox
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin Madison, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Synergistic effects of magnesium ions and simvastatin on attenuation of high-fat diet-induced bone loss. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:2511-2522. [PMID: 33665494 PMCID: PMC7889436 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Magnesium (Mg) has a prophylactic potential against the onset of hyperlipidemia. Similar to statin, Mg is recommended as lipid-lowering medication for hypercholesterolemia and concomitantly exhibits an association with increased bone mass. The combination of statin with Mg ions (Mg2+) may be able to alleviate the high-fat diet (HFD)-induced bone loss and reduce the side-effects of statin. This study aimed to explore the feasibility of combined Mg2+ with simvastatin (SIM) for treating HFD-induced bone loss in mice and the involving mechanisms. Materials and methods C57BL/6 male mice were fed with a HFD or a normal-fat diet (NFD). Mice were intraperitoneally injected SIM and/or orally received water with additional Mg2+ until sacrificed. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to measure cytokines and cholesterol in serum and liver lysates. Bone mineral density (BMD) and microarchitecture were assessed by micro-computed tomography (μCT) in different groups. The adipogenesis in palmitate pre-treated HepG2 cells was performed under various treatments. Results μCT analysis showed that the trabecular bone mass was significantly lower in the HFD-fed group than that in NFD-fed group since week 8. The cortical thickness in HFD-fed group had a significant decrease at week 24, as compared with NFD-fed group. The combination of Mg2+ and SIM significantly attenuated the trabecular bone loss in HFD-fed mice via arresting the osteoclast formation and bone resorption. Besides, such combination also reduced the hepatocytic synthesis of cholesterol and inhibited matrix metallopeptidase 13 (Mmp13) mRNA expression in pre-osteoclasts. Conclusions The combination of Mg2+ and SIM shows a synergistic effect on attenuating the HFD-induced bone loss. Our current formulation may be a cost-effective alternative treatment to be indicated for obesity-related bone loss. High-fat diet-fed mouse has a susceptibility to lower trabecular bone mass as compared with that of normal-fat diet-fed mouse. The combination of Mg2+ and simvastatin attenuates the trabecular bone loss in high-fat diet-fed mice. The combination of Mg2+ and simvastatin reduces the hepatocytic synthesis of cholesterol.
Collapse
|
8
|
Depommier C, Van Hul M, Everard A, Delzenne NM, De Vos WM, Cani PD. Pasteurized Akkermansia muciniphila increases whole-body energy expenditure and fecal energy excretion in diet-induced obese mice. Gut Microbes 2020; 11:1231-1245. [PMID: 32167023 PMCID: PMC7524283 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1737307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence points to Akkermansia muciniphila as a novel candidate to prevent or treat obesity-related metabolic disorders. We recently observed, in mice and in humans, that pasteurization of A. muciniphila increases its beneficial effects on metabolism. However, it is currently unknown if the observed beneficial effects on body weight and fat mass gain are due to specific changes in energy expenditure. Therefore, we investigated the effects of pasteurized A. muciniphila on whole-body energy metabolism during high-fat diet feeding by using metabolic chambers. We confirmed that daily oral administration of pasteurized A. muciniphila alleviated diet-induced obesity and decreased food energy efficiency. We found that this effect was associated with an increase in energy expenditure and spontaneous physical activity. Strikingly, we discovered that energy expenditure was enhanced independently from changes in markers of thermogenesis or beiging of the white adipose tissue. However, we found in brown and white adipose tissues that perilipin2, a factor associated with lipid droplet and known to be altered in obesity, was decreased in expression by pasteurized A. muciniphila. Finally, we observed that treatment with pasteurized A. muciniphila increased energy excretion in the feces. Interestingly, we demonstrated that this effect was not due to the modulation of intestinal lipid absorption or chylomicron synthesis but likely involved a reduction of carbohydrates absorption and enhanced intestinal epithelial turnover. In conclusion, this study further dissects the mechanisms by which pasteurized A. muciniphila reduces body weight and fat mass gain. These data also further support the impact of targeting the gut microbiota by using specific bacteria to control whole-body energy metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Depommier
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), UCLouvain, Université Catholique De Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Matthias Van Hul
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), UCLouvain, Université Catholique De Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Amandine Everard
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), UCLouvain, Université Catholique De Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nathalie M. Delzenne
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), UCLouvain, Université Catholique De Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Willem M. De Vos
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands,Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Patrice D. Cani
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), UCLouvain, Université Catholique De Louvain, Brussels, Belgium,CONTACT Patrice D. Cani UCLouvain, Université Catholique De Louvain, LDRI, Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Av. E. Mounier, 73 Box B1.73.11, B-1200Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tedesco S, Ciciliot S, Menegazzo L, D'Anna M, Scattolini V, Cappellari R, Cignarella A, Avogaro A, Albiero M, Fadini GP. Pharmacologic PPAR-γ Activation Reprograms Bone Marrow Macrophages and Partially Rescues HSPC Mobilization in Human and Murine Diabetes. Diabetes 2020; 69:1562-1572. [PMID: 32345753 DOI: 10.2337/db19-0640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Mobilization of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPC) from the bone marrow (BM) is impaired in diabetes. Excess oncostatin M (OSM) produced by M1 macrophages in the diabetic BM signals through p66Shc to induce Cxcl12 in stromal cells and retain HSPC. BM adipocytes are another source of CXCL12 that blunts mobilization. We tested a strategy of pharmacologic macrophage reprogramming to rescue HSPC mobilization. In vitro, PPAR-γ activation with pioglitazone switched macrophages from M1 to M2, reduced Osm expression, and prevented transcellular induction of Cxcl12 In diabetic mice, pioglitazone treatment downregulated Osm, p66Shc, and Cxcl12 in the hematopoietic BM, restored the effects of granulocyte-colony stimulation factor (G-CSF), and partially rescued HSPC mobilization, but it increased BM adipocytes. Osm deletion recapitulated the effects of pioglitazone on adipogenesis, which was p66Shc independent, and double knockout of Osm and p66Shc completely rescued HSPC mobilization. In the absence of OSM, BM adipocytes produced less CXCL12, being arguably devoid of HSPC-retaining activity, whereas pioglitazone failed to downregulate Cxcl12 in BM adipocytes. In patients with diabetes on pioglitazone therapy, HSPC mobilization after G-CSF was partially rescued. In summary, pioglitazone reprogrammed BM macrophages and suppressed OSM signaling, but sustained Cxcl12 expression by BM adipocytes could limit full recovery of HSPC mobilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serena Tedesco
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | | | - Marianna D'Anna
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Valentina Scattolini
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Roberta Cappellari
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Angelo Avogaro
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Mattia Albiero
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Gian Paolo Fadini
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jang K, Tong T, Lee J, Park T, Lee H. Altered Gene Expression Profiles in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Obese Subjects. Obes Facts 2020; 13:375-385. [PMID: 32544907 PMCID: PMC7445570 DOI: 10.1159/000507817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gene expression profiles in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) may act as a useful tool to better understand obesity. We investigated gene expression levels in PMBCs for possible differences between obese and non-obese subjects (19-55 years) and evaluated correlations between gene expression in PBMCs and clinical obesity indices. METHODS Body weight, BMI, fat amount, fat percentage, waist/hip ratio, leptin, and adiponectin levels were determined in 30 obese and 20 non-obese subjects. Expression levels of 19 genes, which were differentially expressed by clinical obesity indices in the PBMCs of high fat-fed rats, were determined in their PBMCs using real-time PCR. RESULTS The expression of 9 of 19 previously selected genes was significantly correlated with one or more clinical obesity indices. Both TFEC and CCL2 expression were negatively correlated with BMI, fat amount, fat percentage, waist/hip ratio, and leptin concentration. Similarly, TNFAIP2, VCAN, ASSI, IRF1, and HK3 expression negatively correlated with some clinical obesity indices, such as TNFAIP2 for BMI, fat amount, fat percentage, and waist/hip ratio, VCAN for fat amount, fat percentage, and waist/hip ratio, ASS1 for BMI and fat amount, IRF1 for BMI, fat amount, and fat percentage, and HK3 for fat amount. In contrast, both TNF-α and LPL expression were positively correlated with waist/hip ratio. CONCLUSION We identified 9 of 19 genes in human PBMCs that significantly correlated with one or more clinical obesity indices. Because these genes have a mechanistic basis for the development or progression of obesity and its metabolic derangements, they may help to determine possible underlying mechanisms for obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyungho Jang
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Tao Tong
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhui Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Taesun Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- **Taesun Park, Department of Food and Nutrition, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120749 (South Korea),
| | - Howard Lee
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- *Howard Lee, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110799 (South Korea),
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Craft CS, Li Z, MacDougald OA, Scheller EL. Molecular differences between subtypes of bone marrow adipocytes. CURRENT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTS 2018; 4:16-23. [PMID: 30038881 PMCID: PMC6054309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Bone marrow adipocytes (BMAs) have distinct molecular properties and physiologic responses depending on their location within the skeleton. RECENT FINDINGS This concept was introduced in the 1970s and validated more recently in the contexts of cold exposure, sympathetic tone, hematopoiesis, diabetes, lactation, fasting and caloric restriction. SUMMARY In this brief review, we discuss the concept of regulated vs constitutive BMAs, explore their evolutionary and microenvironmental origins, define the site-specific molecular features of BMAs, and discuss the translational implications of the dual bone marrow adipose tissue hypothesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa S Craft
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Medicine,
Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington
University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ziru Li
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University
of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ormond A MacDougald
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University
of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Erica L Scheller
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Medicine,
Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington
University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
|
13
|
Chen K, Jih A, Osborn O, Kavaler ST, Fu W, Sasik R, Saito R, Kim JJ. Distinct gene signatures predict insulin resistance in young mice with high fat diet-induced obesity. Physiol Genomics 2018; 50:144-157. [PMID: 29341863 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00045.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Highly inbred C57BL/6 mice show wide variation in their degree of insulin resistance in response to diet-induced obesity even though they are almost genetically identical. Here we employed transcriptional profiling by RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and liver in young mice to determine how gene expression patterns correlate with the later development of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced insulin resistance in adulthood. To accomplish this goal, we partially removed and banked tissues from pubertal mice. Mice subsequently received HFD followed by metabolic phenotyping to identify two well-defined groups of mice with either severe or mild insulin resistance. The remaining tissues were collected at study termination. We then applied RNA-Seq to generate transcriptome profiles associated with worsened insulin resistance before and after the initiation of HFD. We found 244 up- and 109 downregulated genes in VAT of the most insulin-resistant mice even before HFD exposure. Downregulated genes included serine protease inhibitor, major urinary protein, and complement genes; upregulated genes represented mostly muscle constituents. These gene families were also differentially expressed in VAT of mice with high or low insulin resistance after HFD. Inflammatory genes predicted insulin resistance in liver, but not in VAT. In contrast, when we compared VAT of all mice before and after HFD, differentially expressed genes were predominantly composed of immune response genes. These data show a distinct set of gene transcripts in young mice correlates with the severity of insulin resistance in adulthood, providing insight into the pathogenesis of insulin resistance in early life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California at San Diego , La Jolla, California
| | - Alice Jih
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California at San Diego , La Jolla, California
| | - Olivia Osborn
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego , La Jolla, California
| | - Sarah T Kavaler
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California at San Diego , La Jolla, California
| | - Wenxian Fu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California at San Diego , La Jolla, California
| | - Roman Sasik
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego , La Jolla, California
| | - Rintaro Saito
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego , La Jolla, California
| | - Jane J Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California at San Diego , La Jolla, California.,Rady Children's Hospital of San Diego , San Diego, California
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Xiao C, Wu Q, Xie Y, Tan J, Ding Y, Bai L. Hypoglycemic mechanisms of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides F31 in db/db mice via RNA-seq and iTRAQ. Food Funct 2018; 9:6495-6507. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01656a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
This study provides insight into the system-level hypoglycemic mechanisms of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides F31 by the integrative analysis of transcriptomics and proteomics data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application
- Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology
- Guangzhou 510070
| | - Qingping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application
- Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology
- Guangzhou 510070
| | - Yizhen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application
- Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology
- Guangzhou 510070
| | - Jianbin Tan
- Department of Toxicology
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province
- Guangzhou 510020
- China
| | - YinRun Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application
- Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology
- Guangzhou 510070
| | - Lijuan Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application
- Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology
- Guangzhou 510070
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
The emerging role of bone marrow adipose tissue in bone health and dysfunction. J Mol Med (Berl) 2017; 95:1291-1301. [PMID: 29101431 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-017-1604-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Replacement of red hematopoietic bone marrow with yellow adipocyte-rich marrow is a conserved physiological process among mammals. The extent of this conversion is influenced by a wide array of pathological and non-pathological conditions. Of particular interest is the observation that some marrow adipocyte-inducing factors seem to oppose each other, for instance obesity and caloric restriction. Intriguingly, several important molecular characteristics of bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) are distinct from the classical depots of white and brown fat tissue. This depot of fat has recently emerged as an active part of the bone marrow niche that exerts paracrine and endocrine functions thereby controlling osteogenesis and hematopoiesis. While some functions of BMAT may be beneficial for metabolic adaptation and bone homeostasis, respectively, most findings assign bone fat a detrimental role during regenerative processes, such as hematopoiesis and osteogenesis. Thus, an improved understanding of the biological mechanisms leading to formation of BMAT, its molecular characteristics, and its physiological role in the bone marrow niche is warranted. Here we review the current understanding of BMAT biology and its potential implications for health and the development of pathological conditions.
Collapse
|
16
|
Bryant AH, Bevan RJ, Spencer-Harty S, Scott LM, Jones RH, Thornton CA. Expression and function of NOD-like receptors by human term gestation-associated tissues. Placenta 2017; 58:25-32. [PMID: 28962692 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2017.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors or NOD-like receptors (NLRs) have been implicated in several disease pathologies associated with inflammation. Since local and systemic inflammation is a hallmark of both term and preterm labour, a role for NLRs at the materno-fetal interface has been postulated. METHODS Gene expression and immunolocalisation of NLR family members in human placenta, choriodecidua, and amnion were examined. Tissue explants were used to examine the response to activators of NOD1 (Tri-DAP), NOD2 (MDP) and NLRP3 (nigericin). Cell/tissue-free supernatants were examined for the production of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 using specific ELISAs. RESULTS Expression of transcripts for NOD1, NOD2, NLRP3, NLRC4, NLRX1, NLRP1 and NAIP and protein expression of NOD1, NOD2 and NLRP3 were a broad feature of all term gestation-associated tissues. Production of cytokines was increased significantly in response to all ligands in placenta and choriodecidua, except for MDP-induced IL-10. Similarly, there was a significant in the amnion except for MDP induced IL-1β and IL-10 response to either agonist. IL-1β production was dependent on caspase-1 regardless of agonist used or tissue examined. DISCUSSION Term human gestation-associated tissues express functional NLRs which likely play a role in both sterile and pathogen-driven inflammatory responses at the materno-fetal interface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aled H Bryant
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, Wales, UK
| | - Ryan J Bevan
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, Wales, UK
| | - Samantha Spencer-Harty
- Histopathology Department, Singleton Hospital, Abertawe Bro Morgannwg University Health Board, Swansea, Wales, UK
| | - Louis M Scott
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, Wales, UK
| | - Ruth H Jones
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, Wales, UK
| | - Catherine A Thornton
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, Wales, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sulston RJ, Cawthorn WP. Bone marrow adipose tissue as an endocrine organ: close to the bone? Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2017; 28:21-38. [PMID: 27149203 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2016-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) is a major endocrine organ, secreting a diverse range of hormones, lipid species, cytokines and other factors to exert diverse local and systemic effects. These secreted products, known as 'adipokines', contribute extensively to WAT's impact on physiology and disease. Adipocytes also exist in the bone marrow (BM), but unlike WAT, study of this bone marrow adipose tissue (MAT) has been relatively limited. We recently discovered that MAT contributes to circulating adiponectin, an adipokine that mediates cardiometabolic benefits. Moreover, we found that MAT expansion exerts systemic effects. Together, these observations identify MAT as an endocrine organ. Additional studies are revealing further secretory functions of MAT, including production of other adipokines, cytokines and lipids that exert local effects within bone. These observations suggest that, like WAT, MAT has secretory functions with diverse potential effects, both locally and systemically. A major limitation is that these findings are often based on in vitro approaches that may not faithfully recapitulate the characteristics and functions of BM adipocytes in vivo. This underscores the need to develop improved methods for in vivo analysis of MAT function, including more robust transgenic models for MAT targeting, and continued development of techniques for non-invasive analysis of MAT quantity and quality in humans. Although many aspects of MAT formation and function remain poorly understood, MAT is now attracting increasing research focus; hence, there is much promise for further advances in our understanding of MAT as an endocrine organ, and how MAT impacts human health and disease.
Collapse
|
18
|
Miura S, Himaki T, Takahashi J, Iwahashi H. THE ROLE OF TRANSCRIPTOMICS: PHYSIOLOGICAL EQUIVALENCE BASED ON GENE EXPRESSION PROFILES. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.7831/ras.5.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiori Miura
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University
| | - Takehiro Himaki
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University
| | - Junko Takahashi
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
| | - Hitoshi Iwahashi
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Mechanisms underlying the association between obesity and Hodgkin lymphoma. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:13005-13016. [PMID: 27465553 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5198-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A solid body of knowledge indicates that overweight and obese subjects are prone to develop cancer, aggressive disease, and death more than their lean counterparts. While obesity has been causally associated with various cancers, only a limited number of studies beheld the link with classical Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). Contemporary meta-analysis and prospective studies confirmed the association of body mass index with HL. Besides epidemiological evidence, excess adiposity is known to influence tumor behavior through adipokines, adipose-derived stem cell migration, and metabolism regulation, and by modulating immunoinflammatory response. Nevertheless, the obesity paradox has been described in few cancers. Considering that adipose tissue is an immunomodulatory organ, and that inflammation is the cornerstone of HL pathophysiology, the rationale for being causally related due to endocrine/paracrine interactions cannot be negligible. In this hypothesis-generating review, we explore the biologically plausible links between excess adiposity and HL in light of recent basic and clinical data, in order to create a basis for understanding the underlying mechanisms and foster applied research. The establishment of an association of excess adiposity with HL will determine public health preventive measures to fight obesity and eventually novel therapeutic approaches in HL patients.
Collapse
|
20
|
Wee N, Herzog H, Baldock P. 18. Diet-induced obesity alters skeletal microarchitecture and the endocrine activity of bone. HANDBOOK OF NUTRITION AND DIET IN THERAPY OF BONE DISEASES 2016. [DOI: 10.3920/978-90-8686-823-0_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N.K.Y. Wee
- Bone Biology, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St., Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - H. Herzog
- Neuroscience Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St., Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - P.A. Baldock
- Bone Biology, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St., Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Michelin RM, Al-Nakkash L, Broderick TL, Plochocki JH. Genistein treatment increases bone mass in obese, hyperglycemic mice. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2016; 9:63-70. [PMID: 27042131 PMCID: PMC4801201 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s97600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus are associated with elevated risk of limb bone fracture. Incidences of these conditions are on the rise worldwide. Genistein, a phytoestrogen, has been shown by several studies to demonstrate bone-protective properties and may improve bone health in obese type 2 diabetics. METHODS In this study, we test the effects of genistein treatment on limb bone and growth plate cartilage histomorphometry in obese, hyperglycemic ob/ob mice. Six-week-old ob/ob mice were divided into control and genistein-treated groups. Genistein-treated mice were fed a diet containing 600 mg genistein/kg for a period of 4 weeks. Cross-sectional geometric and histomorphometric analyses were conducted on tibias. RESULTS Genistein-treated mice remained obese and hyperglycemic. However, histomorphometric comparisons show that genistein-treated mice have greater tibial midshaft diameters and ratios of cortical bone to total tissue area than the controls. Genistein-treated mice also exhibit decreased growth plate thickness of the proximal tibia. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that genistein treatment affects bone of the tibial midshaft in the ob/ob mouse, independent of improvements in the hyperglycemic state and body weight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard M Michelin
- Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA
| | - Layla Al-Nakkash
- Department of Physiology, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA
| | - Tom L Broderick
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Exercise Metabolism, Department of Physiology, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA
| | - Jeffrey H Plochocki
- Department of Anatomy, Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hardouin P, Rharass T, Lucas S. Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue: To Be or Not To Be a Typical Adipose Tissue? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2016; 7:85. [PMID: 27445987 PMCID: PMC4928601 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2016.00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) emerges as a distinct fat depot whose importance has been proved in the bone-fat interaction. Indeed, it is well recognized that adipokines and free fatty acids released by adipocytes can directly or indirectly interfere with cells of bone remodeling or hematopoiesis. In pathological states, such as osteoporosis, each of adipose tissues - subcutaneous white adipose tissue (WAT), visceral WAT, brown adipose tissue (BAT), and BMAT - is differently associated with bone mineral density (BMD) variations. However, compared with the other fat depots, BMAT displays striking features that makes it a substantial actor in bone alterations. BMAT quantity is well associated with BMD loss in aging, menopause, and other metabolic conditions, such as anorexia nervosa. Consequently, BMAT is sensed as a relevant marker of a compromised bone integrity. However, analyses of BMAT development in metabolic diseases (obesity and diabetes) are scarce and should be, thus, more systematically addressed to better apprehend the bone modifications in that pathophysiological contexts. Moreover, bone marrow (BM) adipogenesis occurs throughout the whole life at different rates. Following an ordered spatiotemporal expansion, BMAT has turned to be a heterogeneous fat depot whose adipocytes diverge in their phenotype and their response to stimuli according to their location in bone and BM. In vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies point to a detrimental role of BM adipocytes (BMAs) throughout the release of paracrine factors that modulate osteoblast and/or osteoclast formation and function. However, the anatomical dissemination and the difficulties to access BMAs still hamper our understanding of the relative contribution of BMAT secretions compared with those of peripheral adipose tissues. A further characterization of the phenotype and the functional regulation of BMAs are ever more required. Based on currently available data and comparison with other fat tissues, this review addresses the originality of the BMAT with regard to its development, anatomy, metabolic properties, and response to physiological cues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Hardouin
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Inflammatory Bone Diseases PMOI, University of Littoral-Opale Coast ULCO, Boulogne sur Mer, France
| | - Tareck Rharass
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Inflammatory Bone Diseases PMOI, University of Littoral-Opale Coast ULCO, Boulogne sur Mer, France
| | - Stéphanie Lucas
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Inflammatory Bone Diseases PMOI, University of Littoral-Opale Coast ULCO, Boulogne sur Mer, France
- *Correspondence: Stéphanie Lucas,
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Revisiting the case for genetically engineered mouse models in human myelodysplastic syndrome research. Blood 2015; 126:1057-68. [PMID: 26077396 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-01-624239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Much-needed attention has been given of late to diseases specifically associated with an expanding elderly population. Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), a hematopoietic stem cell-based blood disease, is one of these. The lack of clear understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of this disease has hampered the development of efficacious therapies, especially in the presence of comorbidities. Mouse models could potentially provide new insights into this disease, although primary human MDS cells grow poorly in xenografted mice. This makes genetically engineered murine models a more attractive proposition, although this approach is not without complications. In particular, it is unclear if or how myelodysplasia (abnormal blood cell morphology), a key MDS feature in humans, presents in murine cells. Here, we evaluate the histopathologic features of wild-type mice and 23 mouse models with verified myelodysplasia. We find that certain features indicative of myelodysplasia in humans, such as Howell-Jolly bodies and low neutrophilic granularity, are commonplace in healthy mice, whereas other features are similarly abnormal in humans and mice. Quantitative hematopoietic parameters, such as blood cell counts, are required to distinguish between MDS and related diseases. We provide data that mouse models of MDS can be genetically engineered and faithfully recapitulate human disease.
Collapse
|
24
|
Cooley J, Broderick TL, Al-Nakkash L, Plochocki JH. Effects of resveratrol treatment on bone and cartilage in obese diabetic mice. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2015; 14:10. [PMID: 25789256 PMCID: PMC4363196 DOI: 10.1186/s40200-015-0141-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Resveratrol is a polyphenolic phytoalexin that has been shown to exhibit osteoprotective and chondroprotective properties. We examine the effects of resveratrol treatment on bone and cartilage tissue of obese, diabetic ob/ob mice. Methods Eight-week-old ob/ob and lean control mice were given trans-resveratrol at an oral dose of 25 mg/kg for 3 weeks. Histomorphometric and cross-sectional-geometric variables were analyzed. Results Ob/ob mice in our study exhibit significantly reduced femoral length, resistance to loading, and tibial growth plate total area and calcified area than lean controls (P < 0.05). Resveratrol treatment significantly increased cortical area in both ob/ob and control mice, but did not improve cross-sectional indicators of resistance to bending. Resveratrol treatment also reduced tibial length and calcified growth plate cartilage area in comparison to untreated mice (P < 0.05). Conclusion Resveratrol treatment of ob/ob mice had mixed effects on bone histomorphometry at the femoral midshaft. Treatment increased cortical area but decreased bone length.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Cooley
- Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ USA
| | - Tom L Broderick
- Departent of Physiology, Laboratory of Diabetes and Exercise Metabolism, Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ USA
| | - Layla Al-Nakkash
- Departent of Physiology, Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ USA
| | - Jeffrey H Plochocki
- Department of Anatomy, Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
High-fat diet decreases energy expenditure and expression of genes controlling lipid metabolism, mitochondrial function and skeletal system development in the adipose tissue, along with increased expression of extracellular matrix remodelling- and inflammation-related genes. Br J Nutr 2015; 113:867-77. [PMID: 25744306 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114515000100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to identify the genes differentially expressed in the visceral adipose tissue in a well-characterised mouse model of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. Male C57BL/6J mice (n 20) were fed either HFD (189 % of energy from fat) or low-fat diet (LFD, 42 % of energy from fat) for 16 weeks. HFD-fed mice exhibited obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia and adipose collagen accumulation, along with higher levels of plasma leptin, resistin and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1, although there were no significant differences in plasma cytokine levels. Energy intake was similar in the two diet groups owing to lower food intake in the HFD group; however, energy expenditure was also lower in the HFD group than in the LFD group. Microarray analysis revealed that genes related to lipolysis, fatty acid metabolism, mitochondrial energy transduction, oxidation-reduction, insulin sensitivity and skeletal system development were down-regulated in HFD-fed mice, and genes associated with extracellular matrix (ECM) components, ECM remodelling and inflammation were up-regulated. The top ten up- or down-regulated genes include Acsm3, mt-Nd6, Fam13a, Cyp2e1, Rgs1 and Gpnmb, whose roles in the deterioration of obesity-associated adipose tissue are poorly understood. In conclusion, the genes identified here provide new therapeutic opportunities for prevention and treatment of diet-induced obesity.
Collapse
|
26
|
Goldsworthy ME, Potter PK. Modelling age-related metabolic disorders in the mouse. Mamm Genome 2014; 25:487-96. [PMID: 25118634 PMCID: PMC4164835 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-014-9539-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Ageing can be characterised by a general decline in cellular function, which affects whole-body homoeostasis with metabolic dysfunction-a common hallmark of ageing. The identification and characterisation of the genetic pathways involved are paramount to the understanding of how we age and the development of therapeutic strategies for combating age-related disease. Furthermore, in addition to understanding the ageing process itself, we must understand the interactions ageing has with genetic variation that results in disease phenotypes. The use of model systems such as the mouse, which has a relatively short lifespan, rapid reproduction (resulting in a large number of offspring), well-characterised biology, a fully sequenced genome, and the availability of tools for genetic manipulation is essential for such studies. Here we review the relationship between ageing and metabolism and highlight the need for modelling these processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle E Goldsworthy
- Genetics of Type 2 Diabetes and Disease Model and Discovery Groups, MRC Harwell Mammalian Genetics Unit, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Hoffman CM, Calvi LM. Minireview: complexity of hematopoietic stem cell regulation in the bone marrow microenvironment. Mol Endocrinol 2014; 28:1592-601. [PMID: 25083740 DOI: 10.1210/me.2014-1079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoiesis in vertebrates is sustained over the duration of an organism's lifetime due to strict regulation of the highly hierarchical hematopoietic system, where a few immature hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) continuously regenerate the entire blood supply, which is constantly being replaced. Although HSCs self-regulate through cell-autonomous processes, they also receive a variety of signals from their microenvironment or niche. Within the microenvironment, HSCs are regulated through both cell-cell interactions and secreted signals, including hormones. HSCs at the apex of the blood supply integrate these signals to produce progeny to support hematopoiesis while simultaneously maintaining a stem cell pool. In the past 10 years, advances in genetic models and flow cytometry have provided the tools to test how the microenvironment regulates HSCs. This review is organized in 3 main parts and will focus on cellular components of the HSC niche that are potential targets for hormonal signals, then review critical regulatory signals in the HSC niche, and finally highlight the emerging role of hormonal and paracrine signals in the bone marrow.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Corey M Hoffman
- Endocrine Division (C.M.H., L.M.C.), Department of Medicine, and Department of Pharmacology and Physiology (C.M.H.), University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York 14642
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Tan L, Yu JT, Liu QY, Tan MS, Zhang W, Hu N, Wang YL, Sun L, Jiang T, Tan L. Circulating miR-125b as a biomarker of Alzheimer's disease. J Neurol Sci 2013; 336:52-6. [PMID: 24139697 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2013.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small RNAs of 21-25 nucleotides that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expressions. Recently, circulating miRNAs have been reported as promising biomarkers for neurodegenerative disorders and processes affecting the central nervous system. This study was conducted to investigate the potential role of serum miRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS Serum samples were obtained from 105 probable AD patients and 150 age- and gender-matched normal controls. The serum concentrations of miRNAs miR-9, miR-29a, miR-29b, miR-101, miR-125b, and miR-181c were measured with a real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR) method. RESULTS We found both miR-125b and miR-181c were down-regulated while miR-9 was up-regulated in serum of AD patients compared with that of normal controls. Among the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) results, miR-125b alone showed its priority with a specificity up to 68.3% and a sensitivity of 80.8%. Importantly, miR-125b was correlated with the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) in AD patients. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that serum miR-125b may serve as a useful noninvasive biomarker for AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Jin-Tai Yu
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, PR China; Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, College of Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, PR China; Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China.
| | - Qiu-Yan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Meng-Shan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, College of Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Nan Hu
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Ying-Li Wang
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Lei Sun
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Teng Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Lan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, PR China; Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, College of Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, PR China; Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|