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Islamuddin M, Qin X. Renal macrophages and NLRP3 inflammasomes in kidney diseases and therapeutics. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:229. [PMID: 38740765 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01996-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are exceptionally diversified cell types and perform unique features and functions when exposed to different stimuli within the specific microenvironment of various kidney diseases. In instances of kidney tissue necrosis or infection, specific patterns associated with damage or pathogens prompt the development of pro-inflammatory macrophages (M1). These M1 macrophages contribute to exacerbating tissue damage, inflammation, and eventual fibrosis. Conversely, anti-inflammatory macrophages (M2) arise in the same circumstances, contributing to kidney repair and regeneration processes. Impaired tissue repair causes fibrosis, and hence macrophages play a protective and pathogenic role. In response to harmful stimuli within the body, inflammasomes, complex assemblies of multiple proteins, assume a pivotal function in innate immunity. The initiation of inflammasomes triggers the activation of caspase 1, which in turn facilitates the maturation of cytokines, inflammation, and cell death. Macrophages in the kidneys possess the complete elements of the NLRP3 inflammasome, including NLRP3, ASC, and pro-caspase-1. When the NLRP3 inflammasomes are activated, it triggers the activation of caspase-1, resulting in the release of mature proinflammatory cytokines (IL)-1β and IL-18 and cleavage of Gasdermin D (GSDMD). This activation process therefore then induces pyroptosis, leading to renal inflammation, cell death, and renal dysfunction. The NLRP3-ASC-caspase-1-IL-1β-IL-18 pathway has been identified as a factor in the development of the pathophysiology of numerous kidney diseases. In this review, we explore current progress in understanding macrophage behavior concerning inflammation, injury, and fibrosis in kidneys. Emphasizing the pivotal role of activated macrophages in both the advancement and recovery phases of renal diseases, the article delves into potential strategies to modify macrophage functionality and it also discusses emerging approaches to selectively target NLRP3 inflammasomes and their signaling components within the kidney, aiming to facilitate the healing process in kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Islamuddin
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, 18703 Three Rivers Road, Covington, LA, 70433, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
| | - Xuebin Qin
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, 18703 Three Rivers Road, Covington, LA, 70433, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
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Dashti-Khavidaki S, Saidi R, Lu H. Current status of glucocorticoid usage in solid organ transplantation. World J Transplant 2021; 11:443-465. [PMID: 34868896 PMCID: PMC8603633 DOI: 10.5500/wjt.v11.i11.443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) have been the mainstay of immunosuppressive therapy in solid organ transplantation (SOT) for decades, due to their potent effects on innate immunity and tissue protective effects. However, some SOT centers are reluctant to administer GCs long-term because of the various related side effects. This review summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of GCs in SOT. PubMed and Scopus databases were searched from 2011 to April 2021 using search syntaxes covering “transplantation” and “glucocorticoids”. GCs are used in transplant recipients, transplant donors, and organ perfusate solution to improve transplant outcomes. In SOT recipients, GCs are administered as induction and maintenance immunosuppressive therapy. GCs are also the cornerstone to treat acute antibody- and T-cell-mediated rejections. Addition of GCs to organ perfusate solution and pretreatment of transplant donors with GCs are recommended by some guidelines and protocols, to reduce ischemia-reperfusion injury peri-transplant. GCs with low bioavailability and high potency for GC receptors, such as budesonide, nanoparticle-mediated targeted delivery of GCs to specific organs, and combination use of dexamethasone with inducers of immune-regulatory cells, are new methods of GC application in SOT patients to reduce side effects or induce immune-tolerance instead of immunosuppression. Various side effects involving different non-targeted organs/tissues, such as bone, cardiovascular, neuromuscular, skin and gastrointestinal tract, have been noted for GCs. There are also potential drug-drug interactions for GCs in SOT patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Dashti-Khavidaki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14155, Iran
| | - Reza Saidi
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States
| | - Hong Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States
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Kang SH, Sutthiwanjampa C, Kim HS, Heo CY, Kim MK, Kim HK, Bae TH, Chang SH, Kim WS, Park H. Optimization of oxygen plasma treatment of silicone implant surface for inhibition of capsular contracture. J IND ENG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2021.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Pedersen K, Rasmussen RK, Dittrich A, Lauridsen H. Cardiac regeneration in the axolotl is unaffected by alterations in leukocyte numbers induced by lipopolysaccharide and prednisolone. BMC Res Notes 2021; 14:157. [PMID: 33910634 PMCID: PMC8082892 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-021-05574-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Cardiac regeneration in the axolotl has been found to rely on the innate immune system, and especially macrophages have been demonstrated to play a vital role in regulating the regenerative process. In this study we wanted to induce a pro- and anti-inflammatory milieu in the axolotl during heart regeneration to test the resilience of the regenerative response. Results This was induced via repeated intrapericardial injections of lipopolysaccharide or prednisolone during a 40-day regeneration period in order to challenge the presumably fine-tuned inflammatory response that normally facilitates regeneration. We observed a local and systemic leucocyte response to pro- and anti-inflammatory stimulation, but we found cardiac regeneration to be structurally and functionally unaffected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrine Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Medicine (Comparative Medicine Lab), Aarhus University, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | | | - Anita Dittrich
- Department of Clinical Medicine (Comparative Medicine Lab), Aarhus University, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Henrik Lauridsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine (Comparative Medicine Lab), Aarhus University, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark.
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Van Zanden JE, 't Hart NA, Ottens PJ, Liu B, Rebolledo RA, Erasmus ME, Leuvenink HGD. Methylprednisolone Treatment in Brain Death-Induced Lung Inflammation-A Dose Comparative Study in Rats. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:587003. [PMID: 33692687 PMCID: PMC7937885 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.587003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The process of brain death (BD) leads to a pro-inflammatory state of the donor lung, which deteriorates its quality. In an attempt to preserve lung quality, methylprednisolone is widely recommended in donor lung management. However, clinical treatment doses vary and the dose-effect relation of methylprednisolone on BD-induced lung inflammation remains unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of three different doses methylprednisolone on the BD-induced inflammatory response. Methods: BD was induced in rats by inflation of a Fogarty balloon catheter in the epidural space. After 60 min of BD, saline or methylprednisolone (low dose (5 mg/kg), intermediate dose (12.5 mg/kg) or high dose (22.5 mg/kg)) was administered intravenously. The lungs were procured and processed after 4 h of BD. Inflammatory gene expressions were analyzed by RT-qPCR and influx of neutrophils and macrophages were quantified with immunohistochemical staining. Results: Methylprednisolone treatment reduced neutrophil chemotaxis as demonstrated by lower IL-8-like CINC-1 and E-selectin levels, which was most evident in rats treated with intermediate and high doses methylprednisolone. Macrophage chemotaxis was attenuated in all methylprednisolone treated rats, as corroborated by lower MCP-1 levels compared to saline treated rats. Thereby, all doses methylprednisolone reduced TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β tissue levels. In addition, intermediate and high doses methylprednisolone induced a protective anti-inflammatory response, as reflected by upregulated IL-10 expression when compared to saline treated brain-dead rats. Conclusion: We showed that intermediate and high doses methylprednisolone share most potential to target BD-induced lung inflammation in rats. Considering possible side effects of high doses methylprednisolone, we conclude from this study that an intermediate dose of 12.5 mg/kg methylprednisolone is the optimal treatment dose for BD-induced lung inflammation in rats, which reduces the pro-inflammatory state and additionally promotes a protective, anti-inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith E Van Zanden
- Department of Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Nils A 't Hart
- Department of Pathology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Petra J Ottens
- Department of Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Rolando A Rebolledo
- Department of Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering, Schools of Engineering, Biological Sciences and Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Michiel E Erasmus
- Department of cardiothoracic surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Henri G D Leuvenink
- Department of Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Machine perfusion (MP) has evolved as a promising approach for the ex situ preservation in organ transplantation. However, the literature on the use of MP in human vascularized composite allografts is scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of hypothermic MP with an acellular perfusate in human upper extremities and compare with the current gold standard of static cold storage (SCS). METHODS Six upper extremities were assigned to either MP (n = 3) or SCS (n = 3) conditions for 24 h. MP-extremities were perfused with oxygenated Steen solution at a constant pressure of 30 mm Hg and 10°C. RESULTS Median total ischemia time was 213 min (range, 127-222 min). Myoglobin, creatine-kinase (CK) showed increased levels at the start of MP (medians: myoglobin: 4377 ng/mL, CK: 1442 U/L), peaking 6 h after perfusate exchange (medians: myoglobin: 9206 ng/mL, CK: 3995 U/L) at timepoint 24. Lactate levels decreased from a median of 6.9-2.8 mmol/L over time. Expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha peaked in the SCS-group after 8 h, followed by a decrease. Increased hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha expression in the MP group was delayed until 20 h. Perfusion pressure, temperature, and circuit flow were maintained at median of 30.88 mm Hg, 9.77°C, and 31.13 mL/min, respectively. Weight increased 1.4% in the SCS group and 4.3% in the MP group over 24 h. CONCLUSIONS Hypothermic ex situ perfusion with an oxygenated acellular Steen solution may extend the allowable extracorporeal preservation time by a factor of 4-6 compared to SCS and holds promise to be beneficial for vascularized composite allograft recipients and victims of traumatic major limb amputation.
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Kim BY, Son Y, Kim MS, Kim K. Prednisolone suppresses the immunostimulatory effects of 27-hydroxycholesterol. Exp Ther Med 2020; 19:2335-2342. [PMID: 32194655 PMCID: PMC7041177 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In cholesterol-fed rabbits, site-specific targeting of prednisolone nanoparticles results in significantly reduced neo-intimal inflammation with a decreased infiltration of monocytes/macrophages. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying this, the current study investigated whether prednisolone affects the immune attributes of 27-hydroxycholesterol (27OHChol), the major oxidized cholesterol molecule in circulation and tissue, in human (THP-1) monocyte/macrophage cells. THP-1 cells were exposed to 27OHChol in the presence of prednisolone followed by evaluation of inflammatory molecules at mRNA and protein levels by quantitative PCR, western blotting, ELISA and flow cytometry. The results revealed that prednisolone suppressed the 27OHChol-mediated expression of various macrophage (M)1 markers, including chemokine ligand 2, C-X-C chemokine motif 10, tumor necrosis factor-α and CD80. Treatment also impaired the 27OHCHol-enhanced migration of monocytic cells, downregulated the 27OHChol-induced cell surface expression of CD14 and inhibited the release of soluble CD14 comparable with a weakened lipopolysaccharide response. Furthermore, prednisolone suppressed the 27OHChol-induced expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 at the transcriptional and protein level, as well as the phosphorylation of the p65 subunit. Prednisolone increased the transcription of CD163 and CD206 genes, and augmented the 27OHChol-induced transcription of CD163 without upregulating the 27OHChol-induced surface protein level of the gene. The results indicated that prednisolone inhibited the polarization of monocytes/macrophages towards the M1 phenotype, which that the immunostimulatory effects of 27OHCHol were being regulated and the immune responses in conditions that were rich in oxygenated cholesterol molecules were being modulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Young Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Yonghae Son
- Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Su Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Pusan National University Hospital, Seo-gu, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea
| | - Koanhoi Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612, Republic of Korea
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Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury: Pathophysiology, Current Clinical Management, and Potential Preventive Approaches. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:8405370. [PMID: 32410868 PMCID: PMC7204323 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8405370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia reperfusion syndrome is a complex entity where many inflammatory mediators play different roles, both to enhance myocardial infarction-derived damage and to heal injury. In such a setting, the establishment of an effective therapy to treat this condition has been elusive, perhaps because the experimental treatments have been conceived to block just one of the many pathogenic pathways of the disease, or because they thwart the tissue-repairing phase of the syndrome. Either way, we think that a discussion about the pathophysiology of the disease and the mechanisms of action of some drugs may shed some clarity on the topic.
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Wilkey BJ, Abrams BA. Mitigation of Primary Graft Dysfunction in Lung Transplantation: Current Understanding and Hopes for the Future. Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2019; 24:54-66. [DOI: 10.1177/1089253219881980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Primary graft dysfunction (PGD) is a form of acute lung injury that develops within the first 72 hours after lung transplantation. The overall incidence of PGD is estimated to be around 30%, and the 30-day mortality for grade 3 PGD around 36%. PGD is also associated with the development of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome, a specific form of chronic lung allograft dysfunction. In this article, we will discuss perioperative strategies for PGD prevention as well as possible future avenues for prevention and treatment.
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Extracorporeal Perfusion in Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation: Current Concepts and Future Prospects. Ann Plast Surg 2019; 80:669-678. [PMID: 29746324 DOI: 10.1097/sap.0000000000001477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Severe injuries of the face and limbs remain a major challenge in today's reconstructive surgery. Vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) has emerged as a promising approach to restore these defects. Yet, there are major obstacles preventing VCA from broad clinical application. Two key restrictions are (1) the graft's limited possible ischemia time, keeping the potential donor radius extremely small, and (2) the graft's immunogenicity, making extensive lifelong monitoring and immunosuppressive treatment mandatory. Machine perfusion systems have demonstrated clinical success addressing these issues in solid organ transplantation by extending possible ischemia times and decreasing immunogenicity. Despite many recent promising preclinical trials, machine perfusion has not yet been utilized in clinical VCA. This review presents latest perfusion strategies in clinical solid organ transplantation and experimental VCA in light of the specific requirements by the vascularized composite allograft's unique tissue composition. It discusses optimal settings for temperature, oxygenation, and flow types, as well as perfusion solutions and the most promising additives. Moreover, it highlights the implications for the utility of VCA as therapeutic measure in plastic surgery, if machine perfusion can be successfully introduced in a clinical setting.
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Calabrese EJ, Giordano JJ, Kozumbo WJ, Leak RK, Bhatia TN. Hormesis mediates dose-sensitive shifts in macrophage activation patterns. Pharmacol Res 2018; 137:236-249. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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12
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Kim J, Choi SE, Lim BJ, Kim YS, Huh KH, Lee J, Kim SI, Kim MS, Jeong HJ. Clinical Significance of Macrophage Polarization in Antibody-Mediated Rejection of Renal Allograft. Transplant Proc 2018; 50:1005-1008. [PMID: 29731056 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2018.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The significance of proinflammatory M1 (classically activated) and profibrotic M2 (alternatively activated) macrophages in antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) after kidney transplantation has not been investigated. METHODS Fifty-five biopsy-confirmed ABMR samples were stained with MRP 8/14 (a marker of M1 macrophages) and CD163 (a marker of M2 macrophages), and positive cells were counted in glomeruli and the tubulointerstitium, respectively. Patients were classified into M1 and M2 polarization groups according to the glomerular and tubulointerstitial M1:M2 ratio, and the results were compared with Banff scores, serum creatinine level, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and graft survival. RESULTS The glomerular M2 polarization group showed significantly higher chronic glomerulopathy scores, serum creatinine levels, and lower eGFR at the time of biopsy (P = .019 and P = .015, respectively) and 3-month postbiopsy (P = .016 and P = .032, respectively) than the M1 polarization group. The tubulointerstitial M2 polarization group had significantly lower glomerulitis, arteritis, peritubular capillaritis, and glomerulitis + peritubular capillaritis scores than the M1 polarization group, but there was no significant difference in renal function. Long-term graft survival was not associated with macrophage polarization. CONCLUSION Glomerular M2 polarization in ABMR biopsy samples is associated with chronic glomerular injury and poorer graft function, but without graft survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kim
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S-E Choi
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - B J Lim
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y S Kim
- Department of Transplantation Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - K H Huh
- Department of Transplantation Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J Lee
- Department of Transplantation Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S I Kim
- Department of Transplantation Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - M S Kim
- Department of Transplantation Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - H J Jeong
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Shamaei M, Mortaz E, Pourabdollah M, Garssen J, Tabarsi P, Velayati A, Adcock IM. Evidence for M2 macrophages in granulomas from pulmonary sarcoidosis: A new aspect of macrophage heterogeneity. Hum Immunol 2017; 79:63-69. [PMID: 29107084 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous disease of unknown etiology. Macrophages play a key role in granuloma formation with the T cells, having a significant impact on macrophage polarization (M1 and M2) and the cellular composition of the granuloma. This study evaluates macrophage polarization in granulomas in pulmonary sarcoidosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Tissue specimens from the Department of Pathology biobank at the Masih Daneshvari Hospital were obtained. Paraffin sections from 10 sarcoidosis patients were compared with those from 12 cases of tuberculosis using immunohistochemical staining. These sections consisted of mediastinal lymph nodes and transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) for sarcoidosis patients versus pleural tissue, neck, axillary lymph nodes and TBLB for tuberculosis patients. The sections were stained for T-cells (CD4+, CD8+) and mature B lymphocytes (CD22+). CD14+ and CD68+ staining was used as a marker of M1 macrophages and CD163+ as a marker for M2 macrophages. RESULTS Immunohistochemical staining revealed a 4/1 ratio of CD4+/CD8+ T-cells in sarcoidosis granuloma sections and a 3/1 ratio in tuberculosis sections. There was no significance difference in single CD4+, CD8+, CD22+, CD14+ and CD68+ staining between sarcoidosis and tuberculosis sections. CD163 expression was significantly increased in sarcoidosis sections compared with those from tuberculosis subjects. CONCLUSION Enhanced CD163+ staining indicates a shift towards M2 macrophage subsets in granulomas from sarcoidosis patients. Further research is required to determine the functional role of M2 macrophages in the immunopathogenesis of sarcoidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Shamaei
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Mortaz
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Mihan Pourabdollah
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands; Nutricia Research Centre for Specialized Nutrition, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Payam Tabarsi
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aliakbar Velayati
- Mycobacteriology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ian M Adcock
- Airways Disease Section, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK; Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
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Zhi Y, Gao P, Xin X, Li W, Ji L, Zhang L, Zhang X, Zhang J. Clinical significance of sCD163 and its possible role in asthma (Review). Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:2931-2939. [PMID: 28350095 PMCID: PMC5428902 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages exert important functions in the balance and efficiency of immune responses, and participate in innate and adaptive immunity. The proinflammatory actions of macrophages are implicated in autoimmune diseases. Unlike classically activated M1 macrophages, the alternatively activated cluster of differentiation (CD)163+ and CD206+ M2 macrophages are involved in tissue repair and wound healing, and use oxidative metabolism to support their long-term functions. CD163 is a member of the scavenger receptor superfamily, categorized into class B, and its soluble(s) form, sCD163, is a marker of activated M2 macrophages. CD163 is selectively expressed in cells of the monocyte and macrophage lineages; however, its biological role has yet to be elucidated. The expression of sCD163 is markedly induced by anti-inflammatory mediators, such as glucocorticoids and interleukin-10, whereas it is inhibited by proinflammatory mediators, such as interferon-γ. These findings suggest that CD163 may serve as a potential target for the therapeutic modulation of inflammatory responses. The concentration of sCD163 in blood is associated with acute and chronic inflammatory processes in autoimmune disorders of connective tissue, fat metabolism and cardiovascular diseases, and it can be used for the assessment of cancer prognosis. A role for sCD163 in the pathogenesis of asthma has also been proposed. The present review serves to present the available knowledge concerning the implication of sCD163 in the pathophysiological mechanisms of asthma, and evaluate its potential as a biomarker and possible therapeutic target for asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P.R. China
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P.R. China
| | - Xiuqin Xin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P.R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P.R. China
| | - Lei Ji
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P.R. China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P.R. China
| | - Xueyang Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P.R. China
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15
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Shaver CM, Ware LB. Primary graft dysfunction: pathophysiology to guide new preventive therapies. Expert Rev Respir Med 2017; 11:119-128. [PMID: 28074663 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2017.1280398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Primary graft dysfunction (PGD) is a common complication of lung transplantation characterized by acute pulmonary edema associated with bilateral pulmonary infiltrates and hypoxemia in the first 3 post-operative days. Development of PGD is a predictor of poor short- and long-term outcomes after lung transplantation, but there are currently limited tools to prevent its occurrence. Areas covered: Several potentially modifiable donor, recipient, and operative risk factors for PGD have been identified. In addition, basic and translational studies in animals and ex vivo lung perfusion systems have identified several biomarkers and mechanisms of injury in PGD. In this review, we outline the clinical and genetic risk factors for PGD and summarize experimental data exploring PGD mechanisms, with a focus on strategies to reduce PGD risk and on potential novel molecular targets for PGD prevention. Expert commentary: Because of the clinical importance of PGD, development of new therapies for prevention and treatment is critically important. Improved understanding of the pathophysiology of clinical PGD provides a framework to explore novel agents to prevent or reverse PGD. Ex vivo lung perfusion provides a new opportunity for rapid development of therapeutics that target this devastating complication of lung transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciara M Shaver
- a Department of Medicine , Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville , TN , USA
| | - Lorraine B Ware
- a Department of Medicine , Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville , TN , USA.,b Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology , Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville , TN , USA
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Moss E, Halkos ME, Binongo JN, Murphy DA. Prevention of Unilateral Pulmonary Edema Complicating Robotic Mitral Valve Operations. Ann Thorac Surg 2017; 103:98-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2016.05.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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17
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Bernasconi E, Pattaroni C, Koutsokera A, Pison C, Kessler R, Benden C, Soccal PM, Magnan A, Aubert JD, Marsland BJ, Nicod LP. Airway Microbiota Determines Innate Cell Inflammatory or Tissue Remodeling Profiles in Lung Transplantation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2016; 194:1252-1263. [DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201512-2424oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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18
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Diehl R, Ferrara F, Müller C, Dreyer AY, McLeod DD, Fricke S, Boltze J. Immunosuppression for in vivo research: state-of-the-art protocols and experimental approaches. Cell Mol Immunol 2016; 14:146-179. [PMID: 27721455 PMCID: PMC5301156 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2016.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Almost every experimental treatment strategy using non-autologous cell, tissue or organ transplantation is tested in small and large animal models before clinical translation. Because these strategies require immunosuppression in most cases, immunosuppressive protocols are a key element in transplantation experiments. However, standard immunosuppressive protocols are often applied without detailed knowledge regarding their efficacy within the particular experimental setting and in the chosen model species. Optimization of such protocols is pertinent to the translation of experimental results to human patients and thus warrants further investigation. This review summarizes current knowledge regarding immunosuppressive drug classes as well as their dosages and application regimens with consideration of species-specific drug metabolization and side effects. It also summarizes contemporary knowledge of novel immunomodulatory strategies, such as the use of mesenchymal stem cells or antibodies. Thus, this review is intended to serve as a state-of-the-art compendium for researchers to refine applied experimental immunosuppression and immunomodulation strategies to enhance the predictive value of preclinical transplantation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Diehl
- Fraunhofer-Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Fabienne Ferrara
- Fraunhofer-Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig 04103, Germany.,Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Charite University Medicine and Center for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin 10115, Germany
| | - Claudia Müller
- Fraunhofer-Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Antje Y Dreyer
- Fraunhofer-Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | | | - Stephan Fricke
- Fraunhofer-Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Johannes Boltze
- Fraunhofer-Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig 04103, Germany.,Fraunhofer Research Institution for Marine Biotechnology and Institute for Medical and Marine Biotechnology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck 23562, Germany
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19
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Carlson S, Helterline D, Asbe L, Dupras S, Minami E, Farris S, Stempien-Otero A. Cardiac macrophages adopt profibrotic/M2 phenotype in infarcted hearts: Role of urokinase plasminogen activator. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 108:42-49. [PMID: 27262672 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophages (mac) that over-express urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) adopt a profibrotic M2 phenotype in the heart in association with cardiac fibrosis. We tested the hypothesis that cardiac macs are M2 polarized in infarcted mouse and human hearts and that polarization is dependent on mac-derived uPA. METHODS Studies were performed using uninjured (UI) or infarcted (MI) hearts of uPA overexpressing (SR-uPA), uPA null, or nontransgenic littermate (Ntg) mice. At 7days post-infarction, cardiac mac were isolated, RNA extracted and M2 markers Arg1, YM1, and Fizz1 measured with qrtPCR. Histologic analysis for cardiac fibrosis, mac and myofibroblasts was performed at the same time-point. Cardiac macs were also isolated from Ntg hearts and RNA collected after primary isolation or culture with vehicle, IL-4 or plasmin and M2 marker expression measured. Cardiac tissue and blood was collected from humans with ischemic heart disease. Expression of M2 marker CD206 and M1 marker TNFalpha was measured. RESULTS Macs from WT mice had increased expression of Arg1 and Ym1 following MI (41.3±6.5 and 70.3±36, fold change vs UI, n=8, P<0.007). There was significant up-regulation of cardiac mac Arg1 and YM1 with MI in both WT and uPA null mice (n=4-9 per genotype and condition). Treatment with plasmin increased expression of Arg1 and YM1 in cultured cardiac macs. Histologic analysis revealed increased density of activated fibroblasts and M2 macs in SR-uPA hearts post-infarction with associated increases in fibrosis. Cardiac macs isolated from human hearts with ischemic heart disease expressed increased levels of the M2 marker CD206 in comparison to blood-derived macs (4.9±1.3). CONCLUSIONS Cardiac macs in mouse and human hearts adopt a M2 phenotype in association with fibrosis. Plasmin can induce an M2 phenotype in cardiac macs. However, M2 activation can occur in the heart in vivo in the absence of uPA indicating that alternative pathways to activate plasmin are present in the heart. Excess uPA promotes increased fibroblast density potentially via potentiating fibroblast migration or proliferation. Altering macrophage phenotype in the heart is a potential target to modify cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Signe Carlson
- Departments of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, United States
| | - Deri Helterline
- Departments of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, United States
| | - Laura Asbe
- Departments of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, United States
| | - Sarah Dupras
- Departments of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, United States
| | - Elina Minami
- Departments of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, United States
| | - Stephen Farris
- Departments of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, United States
| | - April Stempien-Otero
- Departments of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, United States; Departments of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, United States
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20
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Chang JE, Kim HJ, Yi E, Jheon S, Kim K. Reduction of ischaemia-reperfusion injury in a rat lung transplantation model by low-concentration GV1001. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2016; 50:972-979. [PMID: 27122609 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezw135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Lung ischaemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is one of the major complications following lung transplantation. The novel peptide GV1001, which is derived from human telomerase reverse transcriptase, has been reported to possess both antitumour and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we focused on the anti-inflammatory effects of GV1001 to investigate the IR injury prevention effect of GV1001 in a rat lung transplantation model. METHODS An orthotopic left lung transplantation rat model was established using the modified cuff technique. We applied 50 ml of normal saline (control), Perfadex (low-potassium standard dextran containing perfusion solution), Perfadex with 5 mg GV1001 (5-mg GV, low concentration) and Perfadex with 50 mg GV1001 (50-mg GV, high concentration) as both flushing and preservation solutions. The left lung was stored in the same solution as the flushing solution at 4°C for 3 h. After transplantation, the recipient rats were monitored for 3 h. Arterial blood gas analysis (ABGA), bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) analysis, wet/dry ratio, histological analysis, apoptotic cell analysis and cytokine [tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6)] analysis were performed to determine the reduction or prevention effect of GV1001 regarding lung IR injury. RESULTS Compared with the control group, the neutrophil count in BAL, reperfusion oedema and cytokine (TNF-α, IL-6) levels of the transplanted lung were significantly decreased in the 5-mg GV group. Compared with the Perfadex group (16.85 ± 2.43), the neutrophil count in BAL was also significantly decreased in the 5-mg GV group (5.39 ± 0.81) (P< 0.001). In addition, the cytokine (TNF-α, IL-6) levels of the transplanted lung were also significantly decreased in the 5-mg GV group (41.99 ± 12.79, 1069.74 ± 98.48 pg/ml) compared with the Perfadex group (90.73 ± 23.87, 2051.92 ± 243.57 pg/ml) (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001, respectively). However, the 50-mg GV group showed less effect than the 5-mg GV group. CONCLUSIONS Adding a low concentration of GV1001 to the lung preservation solution (Perfadex) provided potential protective effects against IR injury after lung transplantation in rats. Therefore, GV1001 should be considered as a promising anti-inflammatory agent for IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Eun Chang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jun Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjue Yi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghoon Jheon
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.,Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwhanmien Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea .,Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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21
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Olmes G, Büttner-Herold M, Ferrazzi F, Distel L, Amann K, Daniel C. CD163+ M2c-like macrophages predominate in renal biopsies from patients with lupus nephritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2016; 18:90. [PMID: 27091114 PMCID: PMC4835936 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-016-0989-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The role of macrophages in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis, in particular their differentiation to a certain subtype (e.g., M1- or M2-like) modulating the inflammatory reaction, is unknown. Here we investigated whether the differentiation in M1- or M2-like macrophages depends on the stage of lupus nephritis and whether this correlates with clinical parameters. Method Using immunohistochemical analysis we analyzed renal biopsies from 68 patients with lupus nephritis (ISN/RPS classes II–V) for infiltration with M1-like (iNOS+/CD68+), M2a-like (CD206+/CD68+), M2c-like macrophages (CD163+/CD68+), and FoxP3+ regulatory T-cells. In addition, clinical parameters at the time of renal biopsy, i.e., blood pressure, proteinuria and serum urea were correlated with the macrophage infiltration using the Spearman test. Results The mean number of CD68+ macrophages was related to the diagnosed ISN/RPS class, showing the highest macrophage infiltration in biopsies with diffuse class IV and the lowest number in ISN/RPS class V. In all ISN/RPS classes we detected more M2c-like CD163+/CD68+ than M2a-like CD206+/CD68+ cells, while M1-macrophages played only a minor role. Cluster analysis using macrophage subtype numbers in different renal compartments revealed three main clusters showing cluster 1 dominated by class V. Clusters 2 and 3 were dominated by lupus class IV indicating that this class can be further differentiated by its macrophage population. The number of tubulointerstitial FoxP3+ cells correlated with all investigated macrophage subtypes showing the strongest association to numbers of M2a-like macrophages. Kidney function, as assessed by serum creatinine and serum urea, correlated positively with the number of total CD68+, M2a-like and M2c-like macrophages in the tubulointerstitium. In addition, total CD68+ and M2c-like macrophage numbers highly correlated with Austin activity score. Interestingly, in hypertensive lupus patients only the number of M2a-like macrophages was significantly increased compared to biopsies from normotensive lupus patients. Conclusion M2-like macrophages are the dominant subpopulation in human lupus nephritis and particularly, M2a subpopulations were associated with disease progression, but their role in disease progression remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Olmes
- Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Krankenhausstr. 8-10, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maike Büttner-Herold
- Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Krankenhausstr. 8-10, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Fulvia Ferrazzi
- Institute of Human Genetics, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Luitpold Distel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Amann
- Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Krankenhausstr. 8-10, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph Daniel
- Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Krankenhausstr. 8-10, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
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Liu R, Fang X, Meng C, Xing J, Liu J, Yang W, Li W, Zhou H. Lung inflation with hydrogen during the cold ischemia phase decreases lung graft injury in rats. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2015; 240:1214-22. [PMID: 25662956 DOI: 10.1177/1535370214563895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects on lung ischemia-reperfusion injury when it is inhaled by donor or/and recipient. This study examined the effects of lung inflation with 3% hydrogen during the cold ischemia phase on lung graft function in rats. The donor lung was inflated with 3% hydrogen, 40% oxygen, and 57% nitrogen at 5 mL/kg, and the gas was replaced every 20 min during the cold ischemia phase for 2 h. In the control group, the donor lung was inflated with 40% oxygen and 60% nitrogen at 5 mL/kg. The recipient was euthanized 2 h after orthotropic lung transplantation. The hydrogen concentration in the donor lung during the cold ischemia phase was 1.99-3%. The oxygenation indices in the arterial blood and pulmonary vein blood were improved in the hydrogen group. The inflammation response indices, including lung W/D ratio, the myeloperoxidase activity in the grafts, and the levels of IL-8 and TNF-α in serum, were significantly lower in the hydrogen group (5.2 ± 0.8, 0.76 ± 0.32 U/g, 340 ± 84 pg/mL, and 405 ± 115 pg/mL, respectively) than those in the control group (6.5 ± 0.7, 1.1 ± 0.5 U/g, 443 ± 94 pg/mL, and 657 ± 96 pg/mL, respectively (P < 0.05), and the oxidative stress indices, including the superoxide dismutase activity and the level of malonaldehyde in lung grafts were improved after hydrogen application. Furthermore, the lung injury score determined by histopathology, the cell apoptotic index, and the caspase-3 protein expression in lung grafts were decreased after hydrogen treatment, and the static pressure-volume curve of lung graft was improved by hydrogen inflation. In conclusion, lung inflation with 3% hydrogen during the cold ischemia phase alleviated lung graft injury and improved graft function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongfang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China Hei Long Jiang Province Key Lab of Research on Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Xianhai Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China Hei Long Jiang Province Key Lab of Research on Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Chao Meng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China Hei Long Jiang Province Key Lab of Research on Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Jingchun Xing
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China Hei Long Jiang Province Key Lab of Research on Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Jinfeng Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China Hei Long Jiang Province Key Lab of Research on Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Wanchao Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China Hei Long Jiang Province Key Lab of Research on Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Wenzhi Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China Hei Long Jiang Province Key Lab of Research on Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Huacheng Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China Hei Long Jiang Province Key Lab of Research on Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Harbin 150081, China Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
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Zheng M, Song D, Luo Z, Lu Z, Wu Y, Wang W. Effect of Puerarin on Expression of Fas/FasL mRNA in Pulmonary Injury induced by Ischemia-Reperfusion in Rabbits. Nat Prod Commun 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1501000209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of puerarin (Pur) on expressions of Fas/FasL mRNAs in pulmonary ischemia and reperfusion injury (PIRI) in rabbit was investigated. The sole side lung ischemia and reperfusion model was used. Rabbits were randomly divided into three groups, a sham operated group (sham, n = 10), PIR group (IR, n =30) and PIR + Pur group (Pur, n =30). Changes of several parameters including apoptotic index (AI), wet to dry ratio of lung tissue weight (W/D) and index of quantitative assessment of histologic lung injury (IQA) were measured after 60, 180 and 300 minutes of reperfusion. Meanwhile, the location and expression of Fas/FasL mRNA were investigated. Lung tissue was prepared for light microscopic and electron microscopic observation after 60, 180 and 300 minutes of reperfusion. Compared with group IR, Fas/FasL mRNAs were slightly expressed in intima and extima of small pulmonary artery, alveoli, and bronchiole epithelia in group Pur. The values of AI, W/D and IQA were significantly lower than those in group IR after 60, 180, and 300 minutes of reperfusion in lung tissue ( P <0.01 or P <0.05). Meanwhile, the abnormal changes in lung tissue morphology were markedly less in group Pur. Puerarin notably protects lung from PIRI by inhibiting Fas/FasL mRNA expression and decreasing lung cell apoptosis in rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxiao Zheng
- Institute of Ischemia Reperfusion Injury, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Dong Song
- Institute of Ischemia Reperfusion Injury, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Ziyin Luo
- Institute of Ischemia Reperfusion Injury, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Zhongqiu Lu
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yiming Wu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City 52242, USA
| | - Wantie Wang
- Institute of Ischemia Reperfusion Injury, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
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VEGF-A Blockade Reduces Reperfusion Edema but Favors Arterial Thromboembolism in a Rat Model of Orthotopic Lung Transplantation. Transplantation 2014; 97:908-16. [DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000000056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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25
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Paulus P, Rupprecht K, Baer P, Obermüller N, Penzkofer D, Reissig C, Scheller B, Holfeld J, Zacharowski K, Dimmeler S, Schlammes J, Urbschat A. The early activation of toll-like receptor (TLR)-3 initiates kidney injury after ischemia and reperfusion. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94366. [PMID: 24736450 PMCID: PMC3988056 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the most important complications in hospitalized patients and its pathomechanisms are not completely elucidated. We hypothesize that signaling via toll-like receptor (TLR)-3, a receptor that is activated upon binding of double-stranded nucleotides, might play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of AKI following ischemia and reperfusion (IR). Male adult C57Bl6 wild-type (wt) mice and TLR-3 knock-out (-/-) mice were subjected to 30 minutes bilateral selective clamping of the renal artery followed by reperfusion for 30 min 2.5h and 23.5 hours or subjected to sham procedures. TLR-3 down-stream signaling was activated already within 3 h of ischemia and reperfusion in post-ischemic kidneys of wt mice lead to impaired blood perfusion followed by a strong pro-inflammatory response with significant neutrophil invasion. In contrast, this effect was absent in TLR-3-/- mice. Moreover, the quick TLR-3 activation resulted in kidney damage that was histomorphologically associated with significantly increased apoptosis and necrosis rates in renal tubules of wt mice. This finding was confirmed by increased kidney injury marker NGAL in wt mice and a better preserved renal perfusion after IR in TLR-3-/- mice than wt mice. Overall, the absence of TLR-3 is associated with lower cumulative kidney damage and maintained renal blood perfusion within the first 24 hours of reperfusion. Thus, we conclude that TLR-3 seems to participate in the pathogenesis of early acute kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Paulus
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, Goethe-University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Katrin Rupprecht
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, Goethe-University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Patrick Baer
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Nephrology, Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nicholas Obermüller
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Nephrology, Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Daniela Penzkofer
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christin Reissig
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, Goethe-University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Bertram Scheller
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, Goethe-University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Johannes Holfeld
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Kai Zacharowski
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, Goethe-University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stefanie Dimmeler
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Joelle Schlammes
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, Goethe-University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Anja Urbschat
- Faculty of Medicine, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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Jiang X, Tian W, Sung YK, Qian J, Nicolls MR. Macrophages in solid organ transplantation. Vasc Cell 2014; 6:5. [PMID: 24612731 PMCID: PMC3975229 DOI: 10.1186/2045-824x-6-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are highly plastic hematopoietic cells with diversified functions related to their anatomic location and differentiation states. A number of recent studies have examined the role of macrophages in solid organ transplantation. These studies show that macrophages can induce allograft injury but, conversely, can also promote tissue repair in ischemia-reperfusion injury and acute rejection. Therapeutic strategies that target macrophages to improve outcomes in solid organ transplant recipients are being examined in preclinical and clinical models. In this review, we discuss the role of macrophages in different types of injury and rejection, with a focus on macrophage-mediated tissue injury, specifically vascular injury, repair and remodeling. We also discuss emerging macrophage-centered therapeutic opportunities in solid organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinguo Jiang
- Department of Medicine, VA Palo Alto Health Care System/Division of Pulmonary/Critical Care, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA.
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Urbschat A, Zacharowski K, Obermüller N, Rupprecht K, Penzkofer D, Jennewein C, Tran N, Scheller B, Dimmeler S, Paulus P. The small fibrinopeptide Bβ15-42 as renoprotective agent preserving the endothelial and vascular integrity in early ischemia reperfusion injury in the mouse kidney. PLoS One 2014; 9:e84432. [PMID: 24392138 PMCID: PMC3879329 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption of the renal endothelial integrity is pivotal for the development of a vascular leak, tissue edema and consequently acute kidney injury. Kidney ischemia amplifies endothelial activation and up-regulation of pro-inflammatory mechanisms. After restoring a sufficient blood flow, the kidney is damaged through complex pathomechanisms that are classically referred to as ischemia and reperfusion injury, where the disruption of the inter-endothelial connections seems to be a crucial step in this pathomechanism. Focusing on the molecular cell-cell interaction, the fibrinopeptide Bβ15–42 prevents vascular leakage by stabilizing these inter-endothelial junctions. The peptide associates with vascular endothelial-cadherin, thus preventing early kidney dysfunction by preserving blood perfusion efficacy, edema formation and thus organ dysfunction. We intended to demonstrate the early therapeutic benefit of intravenously administered Bβ15–42 in a mouse model of renal ischemia and reperfusion. After 30 minutes of ischemia, the fibrinopeptide Bβ15–42 was administered intravenously before reperfusion was commenced for 1 and 3 hours. We show that Bβ15–42 alleviates early functional and morphological kidney damage as soon as 1 h and 3 h after ischemia and reperfusion. Mice treated with Bβ15–42 displayed a significantly reduced loss of VE-cadherin, indicating a conserved endothelial barrier leading to less neutrophil infiltration which in turn resulted in significantly reduced structural renal damage. The significant reduction in tissue and serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin levels reinforced our findings. Moreover, renal perfusion analysis by color duplex sonography revealed that Bβ15–42 treatment preserved resistive indices and even improved blood velocity. Our data demonstrate the efficacy of early therapeutic intervention using the fibrinopeptide Bβ15–42 in the treatment of acute kidney injury resulting from ischemia and reperfusion. In this context Bβ15–42 may act as a potent renoprotective agent by preserving the endothelial and vascular integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Urbschat
- Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Kai Zacharowski
- Clinic of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nicholas Obermüller
- Clinic of Internal Medicine III, Division of Nephrology, Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Katrin Rupprecht
- Clinic of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Daniela Penzkofer
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Carla Jennewein
- Clinic of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nguyen Tran
- Clinic of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Bertram Scheller
- Clinic of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stefanie Dimmeler
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Patrick Paulus
- Clinic of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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