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Queiroz TDC, Yokoyama LQ, Dias GM. Does the incorporation of shell waste from aquaculture in the construction of marine facilities affect the structure of the marine sessile community? MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 198:106484. [PMID: 38604050 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The growth of the human population causes significant harm to ecosystems, directly affecting the biological diversity of coastal areas by replacing natural habitats with artificial structures such as breakwaters, ports, and marinas. The hard substrate from those marine facilities lacks the topographic complexity of natural habitats. Because of that, artificial habitats usually do not support a diverse community to the same extent as rocky shores in the surroundings. To address this issue and bring a strategic solution to the improper disposal of shell waste from aquaculture farms, we evaluated how increasing the environmental heterogeneity of walls by incorporating mussel and oyster shells on artificial concrete affected the diversity of sessile organisms from the subtidal zone. Adding shells to concrete positively affected ascidians' richness. Substrates with added shells supported more species than flat substrates in total. They promoted species that did not occur on flat substrates that simulated the traditional walls of marinas and harbors. However, it did not affect the number of bryozoans and the average species richness. Consequently, incorporating shells resulted in communities with completely distinct structures from those on flat substrates. Adding shells affected the community structure, reducing the dominance by the exotic bryozoan Schizoporella errata, and promoting the occurrence of other groups, such as ascidians. Using shell residues from aquaculture on marina walls adds substrate for colonization. Still, it is also likely to provide refuges for fragile and vulnerable organisms, like crevices and pits in natural habitats. Because of that, the increment in diversity was mostly group-specific and restricted to ascidians. This research reinforces the importance of creating complex artificial coastal structures, inspired by the blue economy, for a more heterogeneous coverage of sessile communities and reduced presence and dominance of exotic species. Thus, the strategy tested here, besides the effects on the sessile community, also supports efforts to reduce inappropriate waste disposal in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taciana da Costa Queiroz
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Ecologia Marinha e Costeira, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP 11070-100, Brazil.
| | - Leonardo Querobim Yokoyama
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Gestão Costeira, Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP 11070-100, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Muniz Dias
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP 09606-070, Brazil
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2
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Adams LW, Morris RL, Hull RB, Dempster T, Strain EMA. Making marinas bivalve friendly for enhanced biodiversity outcomes. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 169:112464. [PMID: 34087666 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Natural coastlines are being replaced by artificial structures (pilings, pontoons, breakwaters), with negative environmental impacts, particularly in marinas. Ropes seeded with mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) were added to artificial structures in a marina, using aquaculture techniques, to reduce the colonisation of invasive taxa. After 6-months, droplines beneath pontoons had the highest seeded mussel survival and growth, richness of native and invasive taxa, and proportion of invasive to native taxa, compared with the other interventions. Mussel ropes on the intertidal structures (pilings and breakwaters) supported higher biomass of native taxa, whereas mussel ropes on subtidal structures (pontoons and breakwaters) had reduced biomass of invasive taxa, relative to the unseeded ropes. Droplines had the greater biomass of mussels, while mussel ropes placed under pontoons, and in subtidal gabion baskets limited the biomass but not the diversity of invasive species. Further study is required to determine whether these interventions can be upscaled to improve both the native biodiversity and functioning of marinas.
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Affiliation(s)
- L W Adams
- National Centre for Coasts and Climate, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - R L Morris
- National Centre for Coasts and Climate, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - R B Hull
- National Centre for Coasts and Climate, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - T Dempster
- National Centre for Coasts and Climate, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - E M A Strain
- National Centre for Coasts and Climate, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Institute for Marine and Antarctic Science, University Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
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Elizabeth Alter S, Tariq L, Creed JK, Megafu E. Evolutionary responses of marine organisms to urbanized seascapes. Evol Appl 2021; 14:210-232. [PMID: 33519966 PMCID: PMC7819572 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Many of the world's major cities are located in coastal zones, resulting in urban and industrial impacts on adjacent marine ecosystems. These pressures, which include pollutants, sewage, runoff and debris, temperature increases, hardened shorelines/structures, and light and acoustic pollution, have resulted in new evolutionary landscapes for coastal marine organisms. Marine environmental changes influenced by urbanization may create new selective regimes or may influence neutral evolution via impacts on gene flow or partitioning of genetic diversity across seascapes. While some urban selective pressures, such as hardened surfaces, are similar to those experienced by terrestrial species, others, such as oxidative stress, are specific to aquatic environments. Moreover, spatial and temporal scales of evolutionary responses may differ in the ocean due to the spatial extent of selective pressures and greater capacity for dispersal/gene flow. Here, we present a conceptual framework and synthesis of current research on evolutionary responses of marine organisms to urban pressures. We review urban impacts on genetic diversity and gene flow and examine evidence that marine species are adapting, or are predicted to adapt, to urbanization over rapid evolutionary time frames. Our findings indicate that in the majority of studies, urban stressors are correlated with reduced genetic diversity. Genetic structure is often increased in urbanized settings, but artificial structures can also act as stepping stones for some hard-surface specialists, promoting range expansion. Most evidence for rapid adaptation to urban stressors comes from studies of heritable tolerance to pollutants in a relatively small number of species; however, the majority of marine ecotoxicology studies do not test directly for heritability. Finally, we highlight current gaps in our understanding of evolutionary processes in marine urban environments and present a framework for future research to address these gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Elizabeth Alter
- Department of Biology & ChemistryCalifornia State University, Monterey BayChapman Academic Science CenterSeasideCAUSA
- Department of BiologyYork CollegeCity University of New YorkJamaicaNYUSA
- Department of IchthyologyAmerican Museum of Natural HistoryNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Laraib Tariq
- Department of BiologyYork CollegeCity University of New YorkJamaicaNYUSA
| | - James Keanu Creed
- Department of BiologyYork CollegeCity University of New YorkJamaicaNYUSA
- Department of IchthyologyAmerican Museum of Natural HistoryNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Emmanuel Megafu
- Department of BiologyYork CollegeCity University of New YorkJamaicaNYUSA
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Firth LB, Duff L, Gribben PE, Knights AM. Do positive interactions between marine invaders increase likelihood of invasion into natural and artificial habitats? OIKOS 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.07862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Louise B. Firth
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, Univ. of Plymouth Plymouth UK
| | - Lois Duff
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, Univ. of Plymouth Plymouth UK
| | - Paul E. Gribben
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Science, Univ. of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Sydney Inst. of Marine Science Mosman New South Wales Australia
| | - Antony M. Knights
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, Univ. of Plymouth Plymouth UK
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5
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Can Rock-Rubble Groynes Support Similar Intertidal Ecological Communities to Natural Rocky Shores? LAND 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/land9050131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite the global implementation of rock-rubble groyne structures, there is limited research investigating their ecology, much less than for other artificial coastal structures. Here we compare the intertidal ecology of urban (or semi-urban) rock-rubble groynes and more rural natural rocky shores for three areas of the UK coastline. We collected richness and abundance data for 771 quadrats across three counties, finding a total of 81 species, with 48 species on the groynes and 71 species on the natural rocky shores. We performed three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) on both richness and abundance data, running parallel analysis for rock and rock-pool habitats. We also performed detrended correspondence analysis on all species to identify patterns in community structure. On rock surfaces, we found similar richness and abundance across structures for algae, higher diversity and abundance for lichen and mobile animals on natural shores, and higher numbers of sessile animals on groynes. Rock-pool habitats were depauperate on groynes for all species groups except for sessile animals, relative to natural shores. Only a slight differentiation between groyne and natural shore communities was observed, while groynes supported higher abundances of some ‘at risk’ species than natural shores. Furthermore, groynes did not differ substantially from natural shores in terms of their presence and abundance of species not native to the area. We conclude that groynes host similar ecological communities to those found on natural shores, but differences do exist, particularly with respect to rock-pool habitats.
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Morris RL, Martinez AS, Firth LB, Coleman RA. Can transplanting enhance mobile marine invertebrates in ecologically engineered rock pools? MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 141:119-127. [PMID: 30131177 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The field of eco-engineering has burgeoned in recent years in response to the proliferation of artificial structures. Adding water-retaining features to seawalls has been successful in increasing biodiversity relative to the surrounding structure. Artificial rock pools may not, however, completely mimic natural rock pools. Here, we compared natural colonisation, through dispersal and recruitment, of intertidal mobile species to water-retaining flowerpots on seawalls with that into rock pools. This represents the more usual 'passive' approach to eco-engineering where features are built to enhance biodiversity and are allowed to colonise naturally, as opposed to seeding or transplanting organisms to features. While flowerpots supported some mobile species not found on the seawall, other species common on natural shores did not recruit to flowerpots. Thus, in a second experiment we tested the effectiveness of an 'active' approach through transplanting mobile organisms to flowerpots to expedite the colonisation process. For the species examined, however, most individuals did not stay in the flowerpots for more than 24 h after being transplanted. Further understanding of the processes (e.g. dispersal distances, recruitment) influencing colonisation of eco-engineered habitats is needed to effectively inform management of marine infrastructure, particularly for projects targeted at restoration rather than enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Morris
- Centre for Research on Ecological Impacts of Coastal Cities, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Aline S Martinez
- Centre for Research on Ecological Impacts of Coastal Cities, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Louise B Firth
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Ross A Coleman
- Centre for Research on Ecological Impacts of Coastal Cities, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Gianni F, Bartolini F, Airoldi L, Mangialajo L. Reduction of herbivorous fish pressure can facilitate focal algal species forestation on artificial structures. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 138:102-109. [PMID: 29706367 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Coastal areas have been transformed worldwide by urbanization, so that artificial structures are now widespread. Current coastal development locally depletes many native marine species, while offering limited possibilities for their expansion. Eco-engineering interventions intend to identify ways to facilitate the presence of focal species and their associated functions on artificial habitats. An important but overlooked factor controlling restoration operations is overgrazing by herbivores. The aim of this study was to quantify the effects of different potential feeders on Cystoseira amentacea, a native canopy-forming alga of the Mediterranean infralittoral fringe, and test whether manipulation of grazing pressure can facilitate the human-guided installation of this focal species on coastal structures. Results of laboratory tests and field experiments revealed that Sarpa salpa, the only strictly native herbivorous fish in the Western Mediterranean Sea, can be a very effective grazer of C. amentacea in artificial habitats, up to as far as the infralittoral fringe, which is generally considered less accessible to fishes. S. salpa can limit the success of forestation operations in artificial novel habitats, causing up to 90% of Cystoseira loss after a few days. Other grazers, such as limpets and crabs, had only a moderate impact. Future engineering operations,intended to perform forestation of canopy-forming algae on artificial structures, should consider relevant biotic factors, such as fish overgrazing, identifying cost-effective techniques to limit their impact, as is the usual practice in restoration programmes on land.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laura Airoldi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche ed Ambientali BIGEA, University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Luisa Mangialajo
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, ECOMERS, Nice, 06108, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSU-CNRS, UMR 7093 Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Villefranche sur mer, 06230, France
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8
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Viola SM, Page HM, Zaleski SF, Miller RJ, Doheny B, Dugan JE, Schroeder DM, Schroeter SC. Anthropogenic disturbance facilitates a non‐native species on offshore oil platforms. J Appl Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sloane M. Viola
- Marine Science Institute University of California Santa Barbara CA USA
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology University of California Santa Barbara CA USA
| | - Henry M. Page
- Marine Science Institute University of California Santa Barbara CA USA
| | - Susan F. Zaleski
- U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Ocean Energy Management Camarillo CA USA
| | - Robert J. Miller
- Marine Science Institute University of California Santa Barbara CA USA
| | - Brandon Doheny
- Marine Science Institute University of California Santa Barbara CA USA
| | - Jenifer E. Dugan
- Marine Science Institute University of California Santa Barbara CA USA
| | - Donna M. Schroeder
- U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Ocean Energy Management Camarillo CA USA
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Gallagher MC, Culloty S, McAllen R, O’Riordan R. Room for one more? Coexistence of native and non-indigenous barnacle species. Biol Invasions 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-016-1198-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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Firth LB, Mieszkowska N, Grant LM, Bush LE, Davies AJ, Frost MT, Moschella PS, Burrows MT, Cunningham PN, Dye SR, Hawkins SJ. Historical comparisons reveal multiple drivers of decadal change of an ecosystem engineer at the range edge. Ecol Evol 2015; 5:3210-22. [PMID: 26355379 PMCID: PMC4559062 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Biogenic reefs are important for habitat provision and coastal protection. Long-term datasets on the distribution and abundance of Sabellaria alveolata (L.) are available from Britain. The aim of this study was to combine historical records and contemporary data to (1) describe spatiotemporal variation in winter temperatures, (2) document short-term and long-term changes in the distribution and abundance of S. alveolata and discuss these changes in relation to extreme weather events and recent warming, and (3) assess the potential for artificial coastal defense structures to function as habitat for S. alveolata. A semi-quantitative abundance scale (ACFOR) was used to compare broadscale, long-term and interannual abundance of S. alveolata near its range edge in NW Britain. S. alveolata disappeared from the North Wales and Wirral coastlines where it had been abundant prior to the cold winter of 1962/1963. Population declines were also observed following the recent cold winters of 2009/2010 and 2010/2011. Extensive surveys in 2004 and 2012 revealed that S. alveolata had recolonized locations from which it had previously disappeared. Furthermore, it had increased in abundance at many locations, possibly in response to recent warming. S. alveolata was recorded on the majority of artificial coastal defense structures surveyed, suggesting that the proliferation of artificial coastal defense structures along this stretch of coastline may have enabled S. alveolata to spread across stretches of unsuitable natural habitat. Long-term and broadscale contextual monitoring is essential for monitoring responses of organisms to climate change. Historical data and gray literature can be invaluable sources of information. Our results support the theory that Lusitanian species are responding positively to climate warming but also that short-term extreme weather events can have potentially devastating widespread and lasting effects on organisms. Furthermore, the proliferation of coastal defense structures has implications for phylogeography, population genetics, and connectivity of coastal populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise B Firth
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Science, Plymouth University Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK ; Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland ; School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University Menai Bridge, Anglesey, LL59 5AB, UK
| | - Nova Mieszkowska
- The Laboratory, Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom Citadel Hill, Plymouth, PL1 2PB, UK
| | - Lisa M Grant
- Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
| | - Laura E Bush
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University Menai Bridge, Anglesey, LL59 5AB, UK
| | - Andrew J Davies
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University Menai Bridge, Anglesey, LL59 5AB, UK
| | - Matthew T Frost
- The Laboratory, Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom Citadel Hill, Plymouth, PL1 2PB, UK
| | - Paula S Moschella
- The Laboratory, Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom Citadel Hill, Plymouth, PL1 2PB, UK ; CIESM - The Mediterranean Science Committee 16 bd de Suisse, MC, 98000, Monaco
| | - Michael T Burrows
- Department of Ecology, Scottish Association for Marine Science, Dunstaffnage Marine Laboratory Oban, Argyll, PA37 1QA, UK
| | - Paul N Cunningham
- Manchester Institute of Innovation Research, University of Manchester Manchester, M13 9PL, UK ; Former Department of Zoology, University of Manchester Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Stephen R Dye
- Marine Climate Change Centre Cefas, Lowestoft, NR33 0HT, UK ; Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia Norwich, UK
| | - Stephen J Hawkins
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University Menai Bridge, Anglesey, LL59 5AB, UK ; The Laboratory, Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom Citadel Hill, Plymouth, PL1 2PB, UK ; Manchester Institute of Innovation Research, University of Manchester Manchester, M13 9PL, UK ; Former Department of Zoology, University of Manchester Manchester, M13 9PL, UK ; Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK
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Firth LB, Schofield M, White FJ, Skov MW, Hawkins SJ. Biodiversity in intertidal rock pools: informing engineering criteria for artificial habitat enhancement in the built environment. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2014; 102:122-130. [PMID: 24746927 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2014.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Coastal defence structures are proliferating to counter rising and stormier seas. With increasing concern about the ecological value of built environments, efforts are being made to create novel habitat to increase biodiversity. Rock pools are infrequent on artificial structures. We compared biodiversity patterns between rock pools and emergent rock and assessed the role of pool depth and substratum incline in determining patterns of biodiversity. Rock pools were more taxon rich than emergent substrata. Patterns varied with depth and incline with algal groups being more positively associated with shallow than deeper habitats. Substratum incline had little influence on colonising epibiota, with the exception of canopy algae in deeper habitats where vertical surfaces supported greater taxon richness than horizontal surfaces. The creation of artificial rock pools in built environments will have a positive effect on biodiversity. Building pools of varying depths and inclines and shore heights will provide a range of habitats, increase environmental heterogeneity, therefore creating more possible ecological niches, promoting local biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise B Firth
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey LL59 5AB, United Kingdom.
| | - Meredith Schofield
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey LL59 5AB, United Kingdom
| | - Freya J White
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey LL59 5AB, United Kingdom
| | - Martin W Skov
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey LL59 5AB, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J Hawkins
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey LL59 5AB, United Kingdom; Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, Waterfront Campus, University of Southampton, European Way, Southampton, Hampshire SO14 3ZH, United Kingdom
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