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Adams LW, Morris RL, Hull RB, Dempster T, Strain EMA. Making marinas bivalve friendly for enhanced biodiversity outcomes. Mar Pollut Bull 2021; 169:112464. [PMID: 34087666 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Natural coastlines are being replaced by artificial structures (pilings, pontoons, breakwaters), with negative environmental impacts, particularly in marinas. Ropes seeded with mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) were added to artificial structures in a marina, using aquaculture techniques, to reduce the colonisation of invasive taxa. After 6-months, droplines beneath pontoons had the highest seeded mussel survival and growth, richness of native and invasive taxa, and proportion of invasive to native taxa, compared with the other interventions. Mussel ropes on the intertidal structures (pilings and breakwaters) supported higher biomass of native taxa, whereas mussel ropes on subtidal structures (pontoons and breakwaters) had reduced biomass of invasive taxa, relative to the unseeded ropes. Droplines had the greater biomass of mussels, while mussel ropes placed under pontoons, and in subtidal gabion baskets limited the biomass but not the diversity of invasive species. Further study is required to determine whether these interventions can be upscaled to improve both the native biodiversity and functioning of marinas.
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Affiliation(s)
- L W Adams
- National Centre for Coasts and Climate, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - R L Morris
- National Centre for Coasts and Climate, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - R B Hull
- National Centre for Coasts and Climate, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - T Dempster
- National Centre for Coasts and Climate, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - E M A Strain
- National Centre for Coasts and Climate, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Institute for Marine and Antarctic Science, University Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
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Strain EMA, Morris RL, Bishop MJ, Tanner E, Steinberg P, Swearer SE, MacLeod C, Alexander KA. Building blue infrastructure: Assessing the key environmental issues and priority areas for ecological engineering initiatives in Australia's metropolitan embayments. J Environ Manage 2019; 230:488-496. [PMID: 30340122 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ecological engineering principles are increasingly being applied to develop multifunctional artificial structures or rehabilitated habitats in coastal areas. Ecological engineering initiatives are primarily driven by marine scientists and coastal managers, but often the views of key user groups, which can strongly influence the success of projects, are not considered. We used an online survey and participatory mapping exercise to investigate differences in priority goals, sites and attitudes towards ecological engineering between marine scientists and coastal managers as compared to other stakeholders. The surveys were conducted across three Australian cities that varied in their level of urbanisation and environmental pressures. We tested the hypotheses that, relative to other stakeholders, marine scientists and coastal managers will: 1) be more supportive of ecological engineering; 2) be more likely to agree that enhancement of biodiversity and remediation of pollution are key priorities for ecological engineering; and 3) identify different priority areas and infrastructure or degraded habitats for ecological engineering. We also tested the hypothesis that 4) perceptions of ecological engineering would vary among locations, due to environmental and socio-economic differences. In all three harbours, marine scientists and coastal managers were more supportive of ecological engineering than other users. There was also greater support for ecological engineering in Sydney and Melbourne than Hobart. Most people identified transport infrastructure, in busy transport hubs (i.e. Circular Quay in Sydney, the Port in Melbourne and the Waterfront in Hobart) as priorities for ecological engineering, irrespective of their stakeholder group or location. There were, however, significant differences among locations in what people perceive as the key priorities for ecological engineering (i.e. biodiversity in Sydney and Melbourne vs. pollution in Hobart). Greater consideration of these location-specific differences is essential for effective management of artificial structures and rehabilitated habitats in urban embayments.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M A Strain
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, 19 Chowder Bay Rd, Mosman, NSW, 2088, Australia; Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia; National Centre for Coasts and Climate and School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.
| | - R L Morris
- National Centre for Coasts and Climate and School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - M J Bishop
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, 19 Chowder Bay Rd, Mosman, NSW, 2088, Australia; Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - E Tanner
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, 19 Chowder Bay Rd, Mosman, NSW, 2088, Australia; School of Geosciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - P Steinberg
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, 19 Chowder Bay Rd, Mosman, NSW, 2088, Australia; Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - S E Swearer
- National Centre for Coasts and Climate and School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - C MacLeod
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - K A Alexander
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia; Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7014, Australia
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Morris RL, Campbell S. ISQUA17-2610WHERE NEXT FOR PRIMARY CARE PATIENT SAFETY? A NATIONAL UK PRIORITISATION SETTING PARTNERSHIP. Int J Qual Health Care 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/intqhc/mzx125.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Morello RT, Morris RL, Hill KD, Haines TP, Arendts G, Redfern J, Etherton-Beer CD, Lowthian JA, Brand CA, Liew D, Watts JJ, Barker AL. RESPOND: a programme to prevent secondary falls in older people presenting to the emergency department with a fall: protocol for an economic evaluation. Inj Prev 2016; 23:124-130. [PMID: 28330932 DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2016-042169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Falls remain common for community-dwelling older people and impose a substantial economic burden to the healthcare system. RESPOND is a novel falls prevention programme that aims to reduce secondary falls and fall injuries among older people who present to a hospital emergency department (ED) with a fall. The present protocol describes a prospective economic evaluation examining the incremental cost-effectiveness of the RESPOND programme, compared with usual care practice, from the Australian health system perspective. METHODS AND DESIGN This economic evaluation will recruit 528 participants from two major tertiary hospital EDs in Australia and will be undertaken alongside a multisite randomised controlled trial. Outcome and costing data will be collected for all participants over the 12-month trial. It will compare the RESPOND falls prevention programme with usual care practice (current community-based falls prevention practices) to determine its incremental cost-effectiveness according to three intermediate clinical outcomes: (1) falls prevented, (2) fall injuries prevented and (3) injurious falls prevented. In addition, utilities will be derived from a generic quality-of-life measure (EQ-5D-5L) and used to calculate the 'incremental cost per quality-adjusted life years gained'. DISCUSSION The results of this study will provide healthcare decision makers with evidence to assist with setting spending thresholds for preventive health programmes and inform selection of emergency and community service models of care. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER The protocol for this study is registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12614000336684); Pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- R T Morello
- Health Services Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - R L Morris
- Health Services Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - K D Hill
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - T P Haines
- Department of Physiotherapy, Monash University, Allied Health Research Unit, Monash Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - G Arendts
- School of Primary, Aboriginal and Rural Health Care, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - J Redfern
- The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - C D Etherton-Beer
- University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Western Australian Institute for Medical Research, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - J A Lowthian
- Pre-Hospital, Emergency and Trauma Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - C A Brand
- Health Services Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - D Liew
- Health Services Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - J J Watts
- Centre for Population Health Research, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - A L Barker
- Health Services Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Morris RL, Brand CA, Hill KD, Ayton DR, Redfern J, Nyman SR, Lowthian JA, Hill AM, Etherton-Beer CD, Flicker L, Hunter PC, Barker AL. RESPOND: a patient-centred programme to prevent secondary falls in older people presenting to the emergency department with a fall-protocol for a mixed methods programme evaluation. Inj Prev 2014; 22:153-60. [PMID: 25392367 DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2014-041453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Programme evaluations conducted alongside randomised controlled trials (RCTs) have potential to enhance understanding of trial outcomes. This paper describes a multi-level programme evaluation to be conducted alongside an RCT of a falls prevention programme (RESPOND). OBJECTIVES (1) To conduct a process evaluation in order to identify the degree of implementation fidelity and associated barriers and facilitators. (2) To evaluate the primary intended impact of the programme: participation in fall prevention strategies and the factors influencing participation. (3) To identify the factors influencing RESPOND RCT outcomes: falls, fall injuries and emergency department (ED) re-presentations. METHODS/DESIGN 528 community-dwelling adults aged 60-90 years presenting to two EDs with a fall will be recruited and randomly assigned to the intervention or standard care group. All RESPOND participants and RESPOND clinicians will be included in the evaluation. A mixed methods design will be used and a programme logic model will frame the evaluation. Data will be sourced from interviews, focus groups, questionnaires, clinician case notes, recruitment records, participant-completed calendars, hospital administrative datasets and audio-recordings of intervention contacts. Quantitative data will be analysed via descriptive and inferential statistics and qualitative data will be interpreted using thematic analysis. DISCUSSION The RESPOND programme evaluation will provide information about contextual and influencing factors related to the RESPOND RCT outcomes. The results will assist researchers, clinicians and policy makers regarding decisions about future falls prevention interventions. Insights gained may be applicable to a range of chronic conditions where similar preventive intervention approaches are indicated. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER This programme evaluation is linked to the RESPOND RCT which is registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12614000336684).
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Morris
- Health Services Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - C A Brand
- Health Services Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Melbourne EpiCentre, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - K D Hill
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - D R Ayton
- Health Services Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - J Redfern
- The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - S R Nyman
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University Dementia Institute, Bournemouth University, Poole, Dorset, UK
| | - J A Lowthian
- Health Services Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - A M Hill
- School of Physiotherapy, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
| | - C D Etherton-Beer
- University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia Department of Psychology Geriatric Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - L Flicker
- University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia Department of Psychology Geriatric Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - P C Hunter
- Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - A L Barker
- Health Services Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Kasha PC, Anderson CR, Morris RL, Sembrowich WL, Chaturvedula A, Banga AK. Subcutaneous concentrations following topical iontophoretic delivery of diclofenac. Drug Discov Ther 2012; 6:256-262. [PMID: 23229146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A self-contained Wearable Electronic Disposable Drug Delivery (WEDD(®)) patch was used to demonstrate that diclofenac levels delivered by iontophoresis are greater than estimated minimal effective concentrations in local subcutaneous tissue and are also greater than either passive transdermal or intravenous delivery using hairless rats. In vitro iontophoretic delivery was evaluated to optimize donor cell formulation using Franz diffusion cells and 1000 NMWL Millipore ultrafiltration membrane. In vivo animal studies were done using patches powered with a 4-volt system, consisting of a 1-volt Zn anode and Ag/AgCl cathode with built in 3-volt lithium battery. Blood and microdialysis samples were collected at different time points after patch application. Current levels increased to 1.0 mA at 30 min, then fell to a steady state of ~ 0.4 mA. Both WEDD(®) and passive patches produced measurable levels of diclofenac in the subcutaneous tissue below the application site (C(max) ± SE = 113.3 ± 61.7 ng/mL and 36.3 ± 15.9 ng/mL, respectively). The dose delivered in six hours was calculated to be 0.226 ± 0.072 mg and 0.430 ± 0.048 mg in passive and iontophoretic delivery, respectively. Diclofenac was not detected in the subcutaneous tissue after intravenous administration of 1.5 mg/kg diclofenac solution. The trend indicates that WEDD(®) can be used to successfully deliver diclofenac to subcutaneous tissue to concentrations higher when compared to either passive delivery or intravenous dosing of 1.5 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Kasha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Morris RL, Hoffman MP, Obar RA, McCafferty SS, Gibbons IR, Leone AD, Cool J, Allgood EL, Musante AM, Judkins KM, Rossetti BJ, Rawson AP, Burgess DR. Analysis of cytoskeletal and motility proteins in the sea urchin genome assembly. Dev Biol 2006; 300:219-37. [PMID: 17027957 PMCID: PMC2590651 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2006.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2006] [Revised: 08/18/2006] [Accepted: 08/22/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The sea urchin embryo is a classical model system for studying the role of the cytoskeleton in such events as fertilization, mitosis, cleavage, cell migration and gastrulation. We have conducted an analysis of gene models derived from the Strongylocentrotus purpuratus genome assembly and have gathered strong evidence for the existence of multiple gene families encoding cytoskeletal proteins and their regulators in sea urchin. While many cytoskeletal genes have been cloned from sea urchin with sequences already existing in public databases, genome analysis reveals a significantly higher degree of diversity within certain gene families. Furthermore, genes are described corresponding to homologs of cytoskeletal proteins not previously documented in sea urchins. To illustrate the varying degree of sequence diversity that exists within cytoskeletal gene families, we conducted an analysis of genes encoding actins, specific actin-binding proteins, myosins, tubulins, kinesins, dyneins, specific microtubule-associated proteins, and intermediate filaments. We conducted ontological analysis of select genes to better understand the relatedness of urchin cytoskeletal genes to those of other deuterostomes. We analyzed developmental expression (EST) data to confirm the existence of select gene models and to understand their differential expression during various stages of early development.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Morris
- Department of Biology, Wheaton College, Norton, MA 02766, USA.
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Abstract
Abstract
An experiment was conducted on four container-grown tree species placed under five different irrigation reuse water treatments to determine the extent of foliar damage after a 14.5-month period. The tree species included Heritage oak (Quercus virginiana Mill. ‘Heritage’), desert willow (Chilopsis linearis (Cav.)/Sweet), flowering plum (Prunus cerasifera Ehrh ‘Atropurpurea’), and Chinese pistache (Pistacia chinensis Bunge). Plant response and an index of visual damage (IVD) were assessed at different times throughout the experiment. Ion concentrations in the leaf tissue were different for species (S) (p < 0.001), treatment (T) (Na, K, SO4, p < 0.05) and by a species by treatment interaction (S × T) (Na, Ca, Mg, K and SO4, p < 0.05). SPAD measurements varied by S (p < 0.001), T (p < 0.001) and by an S × T interaction (p < 0.045). SPAD measurements decreased as the leaf tissue Na concentration increased (SPAD = 47.49 – 12.46(Na), r2 = 0.38, p < 0.01). The IVD varied by S (p < 0.001), T (p < 0.001) and by an S × T interaction (p < 0.001). Na, Ca and SO4 tissue ion concentrations could account for 52% of the variability in the IVD (IVD =−1.93 + 4.63(Na) + 2.60(Ca)−0.001(SO4), p < 0.01). Because the irrigation treatment resulting in the lowest IVD was species dependent, irrigation treatment selection should be based upon an evaluation of the landscape species composition and the potential cost of implementing a given strategy. The response observed in this study suggests that a single universal irrigation strategy does not exist, indicating that emphasis must be placed on initial and replacement plant selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. A. Devitt
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Nevada — Las Vegas, 4505 Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV89154
| | - R. L. Morris
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Nevada — Las Vegas, 4505 Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV89154
| | - D. S. Neuman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Nevada — Las Vegas, 4505 Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV89154
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Amelar S, Eastman CE, Morris RL, Smeltzly MA, Lodge TP, Von Meerwall ED. Dynamic properties of low- and moderate-molecular-weight polystyrenes at infinite dilution. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma00012a007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Morris RL, Brown HM, Wright BD, Sharp DJ, Sullivan W, Scholey JM. Microinjection methods for analyzing the functions of kinesins in early embryos. Methods Mol Biol 2001; 164:163-72. [PMID: 11217605 DOI: 10.1385/1-59259-069-1:163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R L Morris
- Department of Biology, Wheaton College, Norton, MA, USA
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Abstract
The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) is one of the most widely used scales for the evaluation of anxiety in medical and, to a lesser extent, psychiatric patients. Although there is a relatively large amount of STAI data about anxiety for individuals with a variety of psychiatric disorders, the results of many anxiety studies include only state or trait and many studies have been influenced by comorbidity and by variations in diagnostic criteria used. We studied state and trait anxiety and compared the revised form of the STAI (Form Y) with the original (Form X) to evaluate the anticipated improvement in the measure. In addition, we compared the STAI results with those of another self-report measure (the Symptom Checklist-90 anxiety and depression scales) and also with interviewer-rated measures of anxiety (Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety) and depression (Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression). Results indicate that the STAI does not clearly differentiate anxiety disorders from depressive disorders and support the use of multiple tests and of both self-report and interviewer ratings in the evaluation of anxiety and depression in psychiatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Kennedy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, ACB, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 550 South Jackson Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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Abstract
We studied the use of the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) to differentiate between specific anxiety and depressive disorders and/or their symptoms in 280 patients with 6 DSM-III-R diagnoses: major depression (MD), panic disorder (PD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), social phobia (SP), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and mixed anxiety and depression (MAD). Using a comparison group, we found specific patterns for some of the diagnostic categories. Both the MD and MAD subjects had significantly high paranoid ideation, interpersonal sensitivity, hostility, and psychoticism, as well as high depression subscale scores; those with PD and GAD has the highest anxiety and somatization scores; and those with SP or OCD had a mixed pattern. When ranking the severity of psychopathology, the disorders ordered from most to least were MAD, MD, PD, GAD, SP, and OCD. Subsyndromal levels of symptoms frequently were associated with the various conditions. Use of the SCL-90 subscale helps to enlarge our understanding of the various anxiety and depressive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Kennedy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, ACB, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 550 South Jackson Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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Abstract
The H1 histones of the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii were extracted from isolated nuclei, fractionated by high performance liquid chromatography, and analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis, peptide mapping, and N-terminal sequencing. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of 5% perchloric acid extracts of isolated C. reinhardtii nuclei revealed two H1 proteins (H1A and H1B). Two-dimensional gel analysis did not reveal heterogeneity of either algal H1 protein, but did detect differences in the hydrophobic amino acid content of the C. reinhardtii H1A and H1B. Digestion of H1A and H1B with V8 protease revealed two distinctly different peptide maps. C. reinhardtii H1 peptide maps were not at all similar to those of Pisum H1, but algal and pea H2B peptide maps did show some peptides in common. Seventeen amino acid residues were obtained from C. reinhardtii H1A amino terminal sequencing, while the H1B N-terminus was blocked. A search of protein data bases revealed no sequence homology of the H1A N-terminus with any known protein. Chlamydomonas histones fractionated by high performance liquid chromatography revealed minor components (histone variants) for H2A and H2B. The amino acid composition of Chlamydomonas lysine-rich histones was compared to those of various other unicellular algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Morris
- Biology Department, Texas A & M University, College Station 77843, USA
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Choi-Sledeski YM, McGarry DG, Green DM, Mason HJ, Becker MR, Davis RS, Ewing WR, Dankulich WP, Manetta VE, Morris RL, Spada AP, Cheney DL, Brown KD, Colussi DJ, Chu V, Heran CL, Morgan SR, Bentley RG, Leadley RJ, Maignan S, Guilloteau JP, Dunwiddie CT, Pauls HW. Sulfonamidopyrrolidinone factor Xa inhibitors: potency and selectivity enhancements via P-1 and P-4 optimization. J Med Chem 1999; 42:3572-87. [PMID: 10479289 DOI: 10.1021/jm990041+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sulfonamidopyrrolidinones were previously disclosed as a selective class of factor Xa (fXa) inhibitors, culminating in the identification of RPR120844 as a potent member with efficacy in vivo. Recognizing the usefulness of the central pyrrolidinone template for the presentation of ligands to the S-1 and S-4 subsites of fXa, studies to optimize the P-1 and P-4 groups were initiated. Sulfonamidopyrrolidinones containing 4-hydroxy- and 4-aminobenzamidines were discovered to be effective inhibitors of fXa. X-ray crystallographic experiments in trypsin and molecular modeling studies suggest that our inhibitors bind by insertion of the 4-hydroxybenzamidine moiety into the S-1 subsite of the fXa active site. Of the P-4 groups examined, the pyridylthienyl sulfonamides were found to confer excellent potency and selectivity especially in combination with 4-hydroxybenzamidine. Compound 20b (RPR130737) was shown to be a potent fXa inhibitor (K(i) = 2 nM) with selectivity against structurally related serine proteinases (>1000 times). Preliminary biological evaluation demonstrates the effectiveness of this inhibitor in common assays of thrombosis in vitro (e.g. activated partial thromboplastin time) and in vivo (e.g. rat FeCl(2)-induced carotid artery thrombosis model).
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Affiliation(s)
- Y M Choi-Sledeski
- Departments of Cardiovascular Drug Discovery and New Leads Generation, Rhône-Poulenc Rorer, 500 Arcola Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426-0107, USA
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Groneberg RD, Burns CJ, Morrissette MM, Ullrich JW, Morris RL, Darnbrough S, Djuric SW, Condon SM, McGeehan GM, Labaudiniere R, Neuenschwander K, Scotese AC, Kline JA. Dual inhibition of phosphodiesterase 4 and matrix metalloproteinases by an (arylsulfonyl)hydroxamic acid template. J Med Chem 1999; 42:541-4. [PMID: 10052961 DOI: 10.1021/jm980567e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R D Groneberg
- Rhône-Poulenc Rorer, SW8, 500 Arcola Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, USA.
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Morris RL. Consulting for clinical engineers. Biomed Instrum Technol 1998; 32:71-6. [PMID: 9475963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Part-time consulting provides professional stimulation, supplemental income, and improved professional status, and is very satisfying. Most consults have an end point, resulting in a sense of accomplishment that is sometimes difficult to achieve in the course of normal duties. I encourage everyone with an interest to try consulting.
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Morris RL, Scholey JM. Heterotrimeric kinesin-II is required for the assembly of motile 9+2 ciliary axonemes on sea urchin embryos. J Cell Biol 1997; 138:1009-22. [PMID: 9281580 PMCID: PMC2136763 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.138.5.1009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/1996] [Revised: 07/18/1997] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterotrimeric kinesin-II is a plus end- directed microtubule (MT) motor protein consisting of distinct heterodimerized motor subunits associated with an accessory subunit. To probe the intracellular transport functions of kinesin-II, we microinjected fertilized sea urchin eggs with an anti-kinesin-II monoclonal antibody, and we observed a dramatic inhibition of ciliogenesis at the blastula stage characterized by the assembly of short, paralyzed, 9+0 ciliary axonemes that lack central pair MTs. Control embryos show no such defect and form swimming blastulae with normal, motile, 9+2 cilia that contain kinesin-II as detected by Western blotting. Injection of anti-kinesin-II into one blastomere of a two-cell embryo leads to the development of chimeric blastulae covered on one side with short, paralyzed cilia, and on the other with normal, beating cilia. We observed a unimodal length distribution of short cilia on anti-kinesin-II-injected embryos corresponding to the first mode of the trimodal distribution of ciliary lengths observed for control embryos. This short mode may represent a default ciliary assembly intermediate. We hypothesize that kinesin-II functions during ciliogenesis to deliver ciliary components that are required for elongation of the assembly intermediate and for formation of stable central pair MTs. Thus, kinesin-II plays a critical role in embryonic development by supporting the maturation of nascent cilia to generate long motile organelles capable of producing the propulsive forces required for swimming and feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Morris
- Section of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
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Bi GQ, Morris RL, Liao G, Alderton JM, Scholey JM, Steinhardt RA. Kinesin- and myosin-driven steps of vesicle recruitment for Ca2+-regulated exocytosis. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 1997; 138:999-1008. [PMID: 9281579 PMCID: PMC2136755 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.138.5.999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Kinesin and myosin have been proposed to transport intracellular organelles and vesicles to the cell periphery in several cell systems. However, there has been little direct observation of the role of these motor proteins in the delivery of vesicles during regulated exocytosis in intact cells. Using a confocal microscope, we triggered local bursts of Ca2+-regulated exocytosis by wounding the cell membrane and visualized the resulting individual exocytotic events in real time. Different temporal phases of the exocytosis burst were distinguished by their sensitivities to reagents targeting different motor proteins. The function blocking antikinesin antibody SUK4 as well as the stalk-tail fragment of kinesin heavy chain specifically inhibited a slow phase, while butanedione monoxime, a myosin ATPase inhibitor, inhibited both the slow and fast phases. The blockage of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II with autoinhibitory peptide also inhibited the slow and fast phases, consistent with disruption of a myosin-actin- dependent step of vesicle recruitment. Membrane resealing after wounding was also inhibited by these reagents. Our direct observations provide evidence that in intact living cells, kinesin and myosin motors may mediate two sequential transport steps that recruit vesicles to the release sites of Ca2+-regulated exocytosis, although the identity of the responsible myosin isoform is not yet known. They also indicate the existence of three semistable vesicular pools along this regulated membrane trafficking pathway. In addition, our results provide in vivo evidence for the cargo-binding function of the kinesin heavy chain tail domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Q Bi
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3200, USA
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Abstract
A large body of evidence indicates that microtubules (MTs) conduct organelle transport in axons, but recent studies on extruded squid axoplasm have suggested that actin microfilaments (MFs) may also play a role in this process. To investigate the separate contributions to transport of each class of cytoskeletal element in intact vertebrate axons, we have monitored mitochondrial movements in chick sympathetic neurons experimentally manipulated to eliminate MTs, MFs, or both. First, we grew neurons in the continuous presence of: (a) cytochalasin E to create neurites which had never contained MFs; or (b) nocodazole or vinblastine to produce neurites which had never contained MTs. Mitochondria moved bidirectionally at normal velocities along the length of neurites which contained MTs and lacked MFs, but did not even enter neurites grown without MTs but containing MFs. In a second approach, we treated established neuronal cultures with cytoskeletal drugs to disrupt either MTs or MFs in axons already containing mitochondria. In cytochalasin-treated cells, which retained MTs but lacked MFs, average mitochondrial velocity increased in both directions, but net directional transport decreased. In vinblastine-treated cells, which lacked MTs but retained essentially normal levels of MFs, mitochondria continued to move bidirectionally but the average mitochondrial velocity and excursion length were reduced for both directions of movement, and the mitochondria spent threefold as much time moving in the retrograde as in the anterograde direction, resulting in net retrograde transport. Treatment of established cultures with both drugs produced neurites lacking MTs and MFs but still rich in neurofilaments; these showed a striking absence of any mitochondrial motility. These data indicate that axonal organelle transport can occur along both MTs and MFs in vivo, but with different velocities and net transport properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Morris
- Department of Neurobiology and Program in Biological and Biomedical Science, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Morris RL. Physician agreements in long term care. Provider 1995; 21:123-4. [PMID: 10152217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R L Morris
- Long-Term Care Strategic Management, Granville, OH, USA
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Abstract
Although small molecules such as ATP diffuse freely in the cytosol, many types of cells nonetheless position their mitochondria in regions of intense ATP consumption. We reasoned that in the highly elongated axonal processes of growing neurons in culture, the active growth cone would form a focus of ATP consumption so distant from the cell body as to require the positioning of mitochondria nearby via regulated axonal transport. To test this hypothesis, we quantified the distribution and transport behavior of mitochondria in live, aerobically respiring chick sympathetic neurons. We found that in the distal region of actively growing axons, the distribution of mitochondria was highly skewed toward the growth cone, with a sevenfold higher density in the region immediately adjacent to the growth cone than in the region 100 microns away. When axonal outgrowth was blocked by substratum-associated barriers or mild cytochalasin E treatment, the gradient of mitochondrial distribution collapsed as mitochondria exited retrogradely from the distal region, becoming uniformly distributed along the axon within one hour. Analysis of individual mitochondrial behaviors revealed that mitochondrial movement everywhere was bidirectional but balanced so that net transport was anterograde in growing axons and retrograde in blocked axons. This reversal in net transport derived from two separate modulations of mitochondrial movement. First, moving mitochondria underwent a transition to a persistently stationary state in the region of active growth cones that was reversed when growth cone activity was halted. Second, the fraction of time that mitochondria spent moving anterogradely was sharply reduced in non-growing axons. Together, these could account for the formation of gradients of mitochondria in growing axons and their dissipation when outgrowth was blocked. This regulated transport behavior was not dependent upon the ability of mitochondria to produce ATP. Our data indicate that mitochondria possess distinct motor activities for both directions of movement and that mitochondrial transport in axons is regulated by both recruitment between stationary and moving states, and direct regulation of the anterograde motor.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Morris
- Department of Anatomy and Cellular Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
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24
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Pouvelle B, Spiegel R, Hsiao L, Howard RJ, Morris RL, Thomas AP, Taraschi TF. Direct access to serum macromolecules by intraerythrocytic malaria parasites. Nature 1991; 353:73-5. [PMID: 1715521 DOI: 10.1038/353073a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Trafficking pathways in malaria-infected erythrocytes are complex because the internal parasite is separated from the serum by the erythrocyte and parasitophorous vacuolar membranes. Intraerythrocytic Plasmodium falciparum parasites can endocytose dextrans, protein A and an IgG2a antibody. Here we show that these macromolecules do not cross the erythrocyte or parasitophorous vacuolar membranes, but rather gain direct access to the aqueous space surrounding the parasite through a parasitophorous duct. Evidence for this structure includes visualization of membranes that are continuous between the parasitophorous vacuolar and erythrocyte membranes, and surface labelling of the parasite with fluorescent macromolecules under conditions that block endocytosis. The parasite can internalize by fluid-phase endocytosis macromolecules from the aqueous compartment surrounding it. Thus, surface antigens on trophozoites and schizonts should be considered as targets for antibody-directed parasiticidal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Pouvelle
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
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Devitt DA, Bowman DC, Morris RL. Effects of irrigation frequency, salinity of irrigation water, and soil type on growth and response of bermudagrass. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1080/15324989109381264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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26
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Abstract
Chromatin spreads made from isolated nuclei of the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii show the beaded fibers typical of eukaryotic polynucleosomes. Micrococcal nuclease digestions confirmed the presence of nucleosomes with a repeat length of 189 base pairs, essentially the same as typical mammalian cells. Basic nuclear proteins extracted from isolated nuclei or chromatin with 1 M calcium chloride and 0.3 M hydrochloric acid are resolved into seven major components by electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). These seven components were subjected to qualitative peptide mapping with V8 protease on SDS gels for comparison with the major histone components of calf thymus. Finally, the C. reinhardtii basic nuclear proteins were fractionated by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography and their amino acid composition determined. From these studies, we conclude that C. reinhardtii has a full complement of the five histones with properties very similar to those of both higher animals and higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Morris
- Biology Department, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843
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Abstract
Three-dimensional water phantoms are routinely used when acquiring the data necessary to commission medical linear accelerators. A new water phantom controller has been developed at our institution that is unique in several aspects. The water phantom controller is based on an IBM XT compatible computer. This has been interfaced to an Artronix three-dimensional water phantom and a commercially available linac setup controller. Some of the unique features of the new controller are (i) its ability to perform three-dimensional coordinate transformations on the fly (this removes the need to level and align the water tank with the beam axes and greatly reduces setup time). (ii) Its ability to communicate with a device which can control the linac operating parameters (this allows the water phantom controller to adjust, for example, the jaw size of the accelerator as it acquires data). (iii) Its ability to output the acquired data in a number of modes, including screen display, hardcopy plot, or disk file that may be transferred to a central treatment planning computer). (iv) Its ability to digitally process the acquired data. This water phantom controller may be used to gather machine data in a highly automated manner, greatly reducing the time required to gather the desired data.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Schmid
- Department of Medical Physics, Allan Blair Memorial Clinic, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
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28
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Morris RL, Amelar S, Lodge TP. Solvent friction in polymer solutions and its relation to the high frequency limiting viscosity. J Chem Phys 1988. [DOI: 10.1063/1.455372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Prentki M, Glennon MC, Thomas AP, Morris RL, Matschinsky FM, Corkey BE. Cell-specific patterns of oscillating free Ca2+ in carbamylcholine-stimulated insulinoma cells. J Biol Chem 1988; 263:11044-7. [PMID: 2841314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of the muscarinic agonist carbamylcholine on cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i was examined at the single cell level in clonal pancreatic beta-cells (HIT). Cells were loaded with the indicator dye fura 2, and [Ca2+]i was measured by microfluorimetry. Carbamylcholine induced changes in Ca2+ that differed from cell to cell and provoked in some cells oscillatory Ca2+ fluctuations. During a transient, free Ca2+ rose to a peak within 1-3 s. The frequency of the oscillations increased with agonist concentration. Oscillations in [Ca2+]i occurred in the absence of external Ca2+. When cells were perifused for a sufficient period of time without carbamylcholine, near identical Ca2+ responses were elicited in each cell by successive applications of the agonist. Thus, individual cells displayed characteristic and reproducible Ca2+ responses with respect to amplitude, frequency, and shape of the transients as well as latency in onset of the initial Ca2+ rise. We propose that the biological response to a Ca2+ agonist in a given cell is not only determined by the frequency and amplitude of Ca2+ oscillations but is governed by the unique pattern of the Ca2+ signal of each cell, which may be termed "Ca2+ fingerprint."
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Affiliation(s)
- M Prentki
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia 19104
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Prentki M, Glennon MC, Thomas AP, Morris RL, Matschinsky FM, Corkey BE. Cell-specific patterns of oscillating free Ca2+ in carbamylcholine-stimulated insulinoma cells. J Biol Chem 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)37915-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Santilli AA, Scotese AC, Morris RL, Schiehser GA, Teller DM, Nielsen ST, Strike DP. Syntheses and gastric acid antisecretory properties of the H2-receptor antagonist. N-[3-[3-(1-piperidinylmethyl)phenoxy]propyl]thieno[3,4-d]isot hiazol-3-amine 1,1-dioxide and related derivatives. J Med Chem 1988; 31:1480-6. [PMID: 2898534 DOI: 10.1021/jm00402a039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and gastric acid antisecretory properties of several N-substituted thieno[3,4-d]isothiazol-3-amine 1,1-dioxides and analogues are described. Two of the more potent compounds, N-[3-[3-(1-piperidinylmethyl)phenoxy]propyl]thieno[3,4-d] isothiazol-3-amine 1,1-dioxide (6a) and N-[4-[3-(1-piperidinylmethyl)phenoxy]propyl]thieno[3,4-d] isothiazol-3-amine 1,1-dioxide, showed greater potencies as H2-receptor antagonists (in vitro) than ranitidine. They also had potent gastric acid antisecretory activities in vivo, inhibiting basal acid secretion in the rat, histamine-stimulated acid secretion in the dog, and food-stimulated acid secretion in the dog. These were selected for further pharmacological evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Santilli
- Research Division, Wyeth Laboratories, Inc., Radnor, Pennsylvania 19087
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32
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Abstract
The histones of the endosymbiont nucleus of the binucleate dinoflagellate Peridinium balticum were characterized by amino acid analysis and peptide mapping, and compared to calf thymus histones. Using these and various other criteria we have identified two H1-like histones as well as the highly conserved histones H3 and H4. A 13,000 dalton component in sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) gels can be separated into two components in Triton-containing gels. We suggest that these histones (HPb1 and HPb2) correspond to the vertebrate histones H2A and H2B, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Rizzo
- Biology Department, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843
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Abstract
The Illouz technique of lipolysis was used in 167 patients over a 16-month period. Five hundred procedures were done in a variety of areas. The operation has been performed almost entirely as an outpatient procedure with excellent to good results in almost all areas and minimal complications. The technique is detailed, along with considerations of fluid replacement and postoperative care.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Mladick
- Plastic Surgery Center, Inc., Virginia Beach 23454
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Diamond LM, Gruenberg L, Morris RL. Elder care for the 1980s: health and social service in one prepaid health maintenance system. Gerontologist 1983; 23:148-54. [PMID: 6345274 DOI: 10.1093/geront/23.2.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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Abstract
The histone-like protein from Crypthecodinium cohnii (HCc) was examined in regard to its amino acid composition and the peptide pattern resulting from protease digestion. A revised amino acid composition indicated a higher lysine and arginine content and a lower glycine content than that determined previously. Comparative peptide mapping of HCc with HTa, a histone-like protein from Thermoplasma acidophilum, and with a histone-like protein from the dinoflagellate Gyrodinium dorsum showed significant differences in the peptide patterns produced.
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Abstract
A case of a large central neurofibroma of the left posterior maxilla is presented. This lesion was treated by a left radical maxillectomy because of the extensive nature of the tumor. The surgical defect was reconstructed with a latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap. The incidence and clinical features of intraosseous benign nerve sheath tumors are discussed.
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Morris RL, Given KS, McCabe JS. Repair or head and neck defects with the latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap. Am Surg 1981; 47:167-73. [PMID: 7224365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The anatomy and technique of applying the pedicled latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap to head and neck defects and three cases illustrating this application are presented. Additional points of interest, further experience with the flap, and some pitfalls are discussed.
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Fritz KA, Norris DA, Morris RL, Weston WL. ADCC effector function in patients with atopic dermatitis. A possible mechanism of susceptibility to severe cutaneous viral infections. J Am Acad Dermatol 1980; 3:167-73. [PMID: 7410617 DOI: 10.1016/s0190-9622(80)80255-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with chronic atopic dermatitis were evaluated as effectors of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) to determine if faulty effector function might explain the susceptibility of atopics to severe cutaneous viral infections in spite of adequate specific antibody titers. Eleven atopic patients whose dermatitis was well controlled and who were not infected or on immunosuppressive therapy were studied using sensitized human and chicken erythrocyte targets at three different effector:target ratios. No significant differences in mean ADCC were seen between atopics and controls. However, the function of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from atopic patients who had a previous history of severe cutaneous viral infection was significantly depressed against sensitized chicken, but not human targets. This suggests that atopic patients who develop severe cutaneous viral infections may represent a subset of atopics with an intrinsic or variable defect in K lymphocyte--mediated ADCC which might render them susceptible to persistent, extensive viral infections.
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Serafin D, Sabatier RE, Morris RL, Georgiade NG. Reconstruction of the lower extremity with vascularized composite tissue: improved tissue survival and specific indications. Plast Reconstr Surg 1980; 66:230-41. [PMID: 6105686 DOI: 10.1097/00006534-198008000-00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A retrospective assessment of 50 vascularized composite tissue transfers was carried out with 48 patients. Factors responsible for improved tissue survival included (1) the evaluation and proper selection of recipient vasculature, (2) the increased dependence on the vacularized latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap, and (3) the frequent use, wherever possible, of an end-to-side arterial anastomisis. Specific indications for reconstruction of the lower extremity with vascularized composite tissue include (1) avulsive injuries to the distal tibia and foot, (2) the failure of conventional methods, (3) the treatment of extensive chronic osteomyelitis, (4) deficiency of both soft tissue cover and skeletal support, (5) the restoration of form and contour with minimal secondary deformity of the donor site, and (6) extensive loss of soft tissue only. Reconstruction of the lower extremity with vascularized tissue is a reliable method with acceptable patient and tissue morbidity statistics that should be considered when specific indications are present.
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Abstract
Xylary fluid pH and reduction potentials were measured on silver maple (Acer saccharinum L.) grown under Fe and pH stress. Although pH and reduction potential (millivolt/59.2) varied significantly in the nutrient solution, xylary pH and reduction potential remained constant. It was concluded that changes in the pH and reduction potential in the xylary fluid of silver maple are not responsible for iron chlorosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Morris
- Plant Science Department, Utah State University, Salt Lake City, Utah 84115
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Morris RL. Physician recruitment for a rural hospital. Case Stud Health Adm 1979; 2:216-23. [PMID: 10250500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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Seyfer AE, Mologne LA, Morris RL, Clark JR. Endometriosis causing acute small bowel obstruction: report of a case and review of the literature. Am Surg 1975; 41:168-71. [PMID: 1119757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis causing acute small bowel obstruction is a clinical complex which should be considered in the differential diagnosis of intestinal obstruction. Theories as to etiology and pathogenesis are discussed. The best clue to preoperative diagnosis of the lesion is a careful history with regard to previous episodes of ileus having menstrual periodicity. The lesion itself usually causes obstruction by kinking or volvulus secondary to serosal adhesion formation, and more rarely by stenosis or intussusception. The treatment of total small bowel obstruction secondary to endometriosis is surgical, with resection of the involved bowel and end-to-end anastomosis.
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Morris RL, Johnson LG, Ebert DW. Pesticides and heavy metals in the aquatic environment. Health Lab Sci 1972; 9:145-51. [PMID: 5018362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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47
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Lawton RL, Johnson LG, Morris RL. Pesticide levels in patients on maintenance dialysis. IMS Ind Med Surg 1971; 40:22-4. [PMID: 5289739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Morris RL, Van Note W, Hausler WJ. Chromatographic breath alcohol test program in Iowa. Health Lab Sci 1971; 8:142-9. [PMID: 5562037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Morris RL, Johnson LG. Dieldrin levels in fish from Iowa streams. Pestic Monit J 1971; 5:12-6. [PMID: 5164309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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50
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Gakstatter JH, Morris RL. Limnology of the Iowa reach of the Mississippi River. Health Lab Sci 1971; 8:83-8. [PMID: 5581802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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