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Gilmour B, Alene KA, Clements A. The prevalence of tuberculosis and malaria in minority indigenous populations of South- East Asia and the Western Pacific Region: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pathog Glob Health 2022; 116:201-219. [PMID: 34904538 PMCID: PMC9132423 DOI: 10.1080/20477724.2021.2011579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases have been shown to disproportionately affect indigenous populations. Tuberculosis (TB) and malaria continue to impose a significant burden on humanity and are among the infectious diseases targeted within the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. A systematic review and meta-analyses were undertaken to evaluate the prevalence of TB and malaria infections within minority indigenous populations of the South-East Asia and Western Pacific Regions. The review was undertaken in accordance with The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses guidelines following a published protocol. A random effects meta-analysis was used to calculate the pooled prevalence of TB and malaria. A meta-regression analysis was applied to quantify associations with study covariates and a sub-group analysis undertaken where studies provided comparative data between minority indigenous and other population groups. From the 3,275 unique publications identified, 24 on TB, and 39 on malaria were included in the final analysis. The pooled prevalence of TB was 2.3% (95% CI: 1.7, 2.9) and the pooled prevalence of malaria was 19.9% (95% CI: 15.9, 24.2). There was significant (p = 0.000) heterogeneity (I2) between studies. Significant difference was not observed in TB and malaria prevalence between minority indigenous and other population groups, although the odds ratio of malaria infection in minority indigenous populations was 1.15 (95% CI 0.99, 1.34: p-value 0.06) compared to other population groups. The review identified a paucity of data on TB and malaria in minority indigenous populations despite the significant prevalence and burden of these diseases within these regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth Gilmour
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kefyalew Addis Alene
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Western Australia, Australia
- Geospatial Health & Development, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Archie Clements
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Western Australia, Australia
- Geospatial Health & Development, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, WA, Australia
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Wykowski JH, Phillips C, Ngo T, Drain PK. A systematic review of potential screening biomarkers for active TB disease. J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact Dis 2021; 25:100284. [PMID: 34805557 PMCID: PMC8590066 DOI: 10.1016/j.jctube.2021.100284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The standard TB Four Symptom Screen does not meet the World Health Organization (WHO) ideal screening criteria for having greater than 90% sensitivity to identify active TB disease, regardless of HIV status. To identify novel screening biomarkers for active TB, we performed a systematic review of any cohort or case-control study reporting associations between screening biomarkers and active TB disease. METHODS We searched PubMed and Embase for articles published before October 10, 2021. We included studies from high or medium tuberculosis burden countries. We excluded articles focusing on C-reactive protein and lipoarabinomannan. For all included biomarkers, we calculated sensitivity, specificity and 95% confidence intervals, and assessed study quality using a tool adapted from the QUADAS-2 risk of bias. RESULTS From 8,062 abstracts screened, we included 79 articles. The articles described 302 unique biomarkers, including host antibodies, host proteins, TB antigens, microRNAs, whole blood gene PCRs, and combinations of biomarkers. Of these, 23 biomarkers had sensitivity greater than 90% and specificity greater than 70%, meeting WHO criteria for an ideal screening test. Among the eleven biomarkers described in people living with HIV, only one had a sensitivity greater than 90% and specificity greater than 70% for active TB. CONCLUSION Further evaluation of biomarkers of active TB should be pursued to accelerate identification of TB disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- James H. Wykowski
- Department of Medicine, 925 9 Ave Seattle, WA 98104, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Chris Phillips
- Department of Global Health, 925 9 Ave Seattle, WA 98104, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Thao Ngo
- Department of Global Health, 925 9 Ave Seattle, WA 98104, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Paul K. Drain
- Department of Medicine, 925 9 Ave Seattle, WA 98104, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
- Department of Global Health, 925 9 Ave Seattle, WA 98104, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, 925 9 Ave Seattle, WA 98104, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
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3
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Wu C, He J, Li B, Xu Y, Gu D, Liu H, Zhao D, Shao C. Real-time monitoring of T-cell-secreted interferon-γ for the diagnosis of tuberculosis. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2018.1432416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Changlin Wu
- Clinical Transfusion Laboratory, Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Jianan He
- Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Shenzhen Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Shenzhen, PR China
- Central Laboratory of Health Quarantine, International Travel Health Care Center, Shenzhen Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Boan Li
- Clinical Laboratory, 302 Military Hospital of China, Beijing, PR China
| | - YunQing Xu
- Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Shenzhen Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Shenzhen, PR China
- Central Laboratory of Health Quarantine, International Travel Health Care Center, Shenzhen Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Dayong Gu
- Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Shenzhen Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Shenzhen, PR China
- Central Laboratory of Health Quarantine, International Travel Health Care Center, Shenzhen Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Houming Liu
- Clinical Laboratory, Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Clinical Laboratory, Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Chaopeng Shao
- Clinical Transfusion Laboratory, Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, PR China
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Rao VG, Muniyandi M, Bhat J, Yadav R, Sharma R. Research on tuberculosis in tribal areas in India: A systematic review. Indian J Tuberc 2017; 65:8-14. [PMID: 29332655 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijtb.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health problem in resource-poor countries including India. Scientific knowledge is used to guide policy and practice. There is however, a limited, systematically collected data required for guiding the scale-up of interventions particularly amongst vulnerable populations including tribal groups in the country. In view of this, a systematic review of the TB research studies carried out in tribal areas of different parts of the country was undertaken. OBJECTIVE To undertake a systematic review of the TB research studies carried out in tribal areas of India between 1996 and 2016. METHODS A systematic review of English articles published between 1996 and 2016 on any aspect of TB was done through internet searches using Literature search EndNote programme. The words used for searching were tuberculosis, India, tribal, indigenous, disadvantaged, adivasi. The most common topics classified as annual risk of tuberculosis infection (ARTI), prevalence of TB, laboratory studies, clinical symptoms of TB, risk factors for TB, knowledge attitude practice, community Directly Observed Treatment (DOT) providers, performance of Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP), and drug resistant TB. Classification was also done on the basis of the type of tribe studied and place of study conducted. A total of 47 studies identified through the search were included in the review. RESULTS Of the 47 studies reviewed, 12 were on TB prevalence, 7 were laboratory studies, four on ARTI and 5 on performance of RNTCP in tribal areas. Among these, majority (23 studies) of the tribal studies did not mention the type of tribe. Ten studies were conducted among Saharia, a particularly vulnerable tribal group in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh mainly by the National Institute for Research on Tribal Health, five were among the mixed tribes and very few on other tribes. CONCLUSION The systematic review indicates that the research studies on TB among tribal population are very few. There is a need to invest and encourage researcher to work on the research plans for the control of TB in tribal areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- V G Rao
- National Institute for Research in Tribal Health (Indian Council of Medical Research), Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India.
| | - M Muniyandi
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (Indian Council of Medical Research), Chennai, India
| | - J Bhat
- National Institute for Research in Tribal Health (Indian Council of Medical Research), Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - R Yadav
- National Institute for Research in Tribal Health (Indian Council of Medical Research), Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - R Sharma
- National Institute for Research in Tribal Health (Indian Council of Medical Research), Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Synthetic Peptides are Better Than Native Antigens for Development of ELISA Assay for Diagnosis of Tuberculosis. Int J Pept Res Ther 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-016-9556-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Current perspective in tuberculosis vaccine development for high TB endemic regions. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2016; 98:149-58. [PMID: 27156631 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a global epidemic, despite of the availability of Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) vaccine for more than six decades. In an effort to eradicate TB, vaccinologist around the world have made considerable efforts to develop improved vaccine candidates, based on the understanding of BCG failure in developing world and immune response thought to be protective against TB. The present review represents a current perspective on TB vaccination research, including additional research strategies needed for increasing the efficacy of BCG, and for the development of new effective vaccines for high TB endemic regions.
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Ranasinghe S, Wickremasinghe R, Hulangamuwa S, Sirimanna G, Opathella N, Maingon RDC, Chandrasekharan V. Polymerase chain reaction detection of Leishmania DNA in skin biopsy samples in Sri Lanka where the causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis is Leishmania donovani. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2015; 110:1017-23. [PMID: 26676321 PMCID: PMC4708022 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760150286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmania donovani is the known causative agent of both cutaneous
(CL) and visceral leishmaniasis in Sri Lanka. CL is considered to be under-reported
partly due to relatively poor sensitivity and specificity of microscopic diagnosis.
We compared robustness of three previously described polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
based methods to detectLeishmania DNA in 38 punch biopsy samples
from patients presented with suspected lesions in 2010. Both,
Leishmaniagenus-specific JW11/JW12 KDNA and LITSR/L5.8S internal
transcribed spacer (ITS)1 PCR assays detected 92% (35/38) of the samples whereas a
KDNA assay specific forL. donovani (LdF/LdR) detected only 71%
(27/38) of samples. All positive samples showed a L. donovani
banding pattern upon HaeIII ITS1 PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism
analysis. PCR assay specificity was evaluated in samples containing
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium
leprae, and human DNA, and there was no cross-amplification in JW11/JW12
and LITSR/L5.8S PCR assays. The LdF/LdR PCR assay did not amplify M.
leprae or human DNA although 500 bp and 700 bp bands were observed in
M. tuberculosis samples. In conclusion, it was successfully shown
in this study that it is possible to diagnose Sri Lankan CL with high accuracy, to
genus and species identification, using Leishmania DNA PCR
assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalindra Ranasinghe
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Renu Wickremasinghe
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Ganga Sirimanna
- Dermatology Unit, National Hospital of Sri Lanka, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Rhaiza D C Maingon
- Centre for Applied Entomology and Parasitology, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
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Differential Levels of Alpha-2-Macroglobulin, Haptoglobin and Sero-Transferrin as Adjunct Markers for TB Diagnosis and Disease Progression in the Malnourished Tribal Population of Melghat, India. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0133928. [PMID: 26241963 PMCID: PMC4524608 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lack of diagnostic capacity has been a crucial barrier preventing an effective response to the challenges of malnutrition and tuberculosis (TB). Point-of-care diagnostic tests for TB in immuno-incompetent, malnourished population are thus needed to ensure rapid and accurate detection. The aim of the study was to identify potential biomarkers specific for TB infection and progression to overt disease in the malnourished population of Melghat. A prospective cohort study was conducted in the year 2009 through 2011 in six villages of the Melghat region. 275 participants consisting of malnourished cases with a) active TB (n = 32), b) latent TB infection (n = 90), c) with no clinical or bacteriological signs of active or latent TB (n = 130) and healthy control subjects (n = 23) were recruited for the study. The proteome changes of the host serum in response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) infection were investigated using one dimensional electrophoresis in combination with matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Three most differentially expressed proteins; alpha-2-macroglobulin (A-2-M), sero-transferrin and haptoglobin were identified by MALDI-TOF MS analysis, which were up-regulated in the malnourished patients with active TB and down-regulated in the malnourished patients compared with the healthy controls. Additionally, follow-up studies indicated that the expression of these proteins increased to nearly two folds in patients who developed active disease from latent state. Our preliminary results suggest that A-2-M, sero-transferrin and haptoglobin may be clinically relevant host biomarkers for TB diagnosis and disease progression in the malnourished population. This study provides preliminary framework for an in-depth analysis of the biomarkers in larger well-characterized cohorts. Evaluation of these biomarkers in follow-up cases may further aid in improving TB diagnosis.
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9
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Bapat PR, Husain AA, Daginawala HF, Agrawal NP, Panchbhai MS, Satav AR, Taori GM, Kashyap RS. The assessment of cytokines in Quantiferon supernatants for the diagnosis of latent TB infection in a tribal population of Melghat, India. J Infect Public Health 2015; 8:329-40. [PMID: 25824629 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The tuberculin skin test (TST) and interferon-gamma release assays (IGRA), namely, the QuantiFERON-TB Gold test (QFT), remain the standard immunological diagnostic tools for latent tuberculosis (TB) infection (LTBI). However, the sub-optimal detection rates of both of these tests are major impediments in recognizing the population at risk. This study was aimed at evaluating additional cytokines besides interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) as biomarkers for improving LTBI diagnosis in the tribal population of Melghat, India. Seventy-four close TB contacts were stratified by QFT and TST results into: (i) QFT+/TST+ (n = 26), (ii) QFT+/TST- (n = 12), (iii) QFT-/TST- (n = 35) and (iv) QFT-/TST+ (n = 1) groups. A panel of cytokines (IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and IL-2R) was then evaluated in antigen-stimulated QFT cell-free culture supernatants using IMMULITE-1000, an automated immunoassay analyzer. Cytokine estimation showed significantly higher levels of IL-6 in the QFT+/TST+ group, while significantly higher levels of IL-10 were found in the QFT-/TST- group. Correlation analysis identified a positive correlation between IL-6 and the QFT response (r = 0.6723, P < 0.0001), while a negative correlation was seen between QFT and IL-10 expression (r = -0.3271, P = 0.0044). Similarly, IL-6 was positively correlated with TST levels (r = 0.6631, P <0 .0001), and conversely, a negative correlation was found between TST and IL-10 expression (r = -0.5698, P < 0.0001). The positive and negative predictive values of IL-6 were found to be 92.59 and 93.33%, respectively, and the positive and negative predictive values of IL-10 were 96.55 and 91.18%, respectively. No significant impact of the demographic characteristics on cytokine positivity was observed. Our preliminary results suggest that the evaluation of additional cytokines in QFT cell-free culture supernatants may be valuable for the identification of LTBI. Combining IL-6 and IL-10 with QFT and/or TST could markedly improve the detection accuracy of LTBI. Our observations require investigation in larger well-characterized cohorts along with follow-up studies to further confirm the study outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachi R Bapat
- Research Centre, Central India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Aliabbas A Husain
- Research Centre, Central India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Hatim F Daginawala
- Research Centre, Central India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Neha P Agrawal
- Research Centre, Central India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Milind S Panchbhai
- Research Centre, Central India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ashish R Satav
- Meditation, AIDS, Health, Addiction & Nutrition (MAHAN) Trust, C/O Mahatma Gandhi Tribal Hospital, Karmagram, Utavali, Tahsil Dharni, Amravati, Maharashtra, India
| | - Girdhar M Taori
- Research Centre, Central India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rajpal S Kashyap
- Research Centre, Central India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
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Tuberculosis in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis 2013; 5:e2013061. [PMID: 24363876 PMCID: PMC3867227 DOI: 10.4084/mjhid.2013.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Literature on tuberculosis (TB) occurring in recipients of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant (HSCT) is scanty even in countries where TB is common. Most reports of TB in HSCT patients were from ASIA, in fact the TB incidence ranging from 0.0014 (USA) to 16% (Pakistan). There are few reports of TB diagnosis during the first two weeks after HSCT; most of cases described in the literature occurred after 90 days of HSCT, and the lung was the organ most involved. The mortality ranged from 0 to 50% and is higher in allogeneic HSCT than in autologous. There is no consensus regarding the screening with tuberculin skin test or QuantiFERON-TB gold, primary prophylaxis for latent TB, and whether the epidemiologic query should be emphasized in developing countries with high prevalence of TB.
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