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Lima OJF, Ribeiro JDS, Vasconcelos JDC, Ferraz MFI, Silva CEDMTDRE, Barros WMA, Vieira GR, David MCMM, Matos RJB. Environmental enrichment changes the effects of prenatal and postnatal undernutrition on memory, anxiety traits, Bdnf and TrkB expression in the hippocampus of male adult rats. Behav Brain Res 2024; 460:114817. [PMID: 38122904 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Environmental factors such as undernutrition and environmental enrichment can promote changes in the molecular and behavioural mechanisms related to cognition. Herein, we investigated the effect of enriched environment stimulation in rats that were malnourished in the pre- and postnatal periods on changes in the gene expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and its receptor in the hippocampus, as well as on anxiety traits and memory. Early undernutrition promoted weight reduction, increased the risk analysis, reduced permanence in the open arm of the elevated plus-maze and induced a reduction in the gene expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and tropomyosin receptor kinase B. However, exposure to an enriched environment from 30 to 90 days' old maintained the malnourished phenotype, leading to weight reduction in the control group. In addition, the enriched environment did not alter the risk assessment in the undernourished group, but it did increase the frequency of labyrinth entries. Sixty-day exposure to the enriched environment resulted in a reversal in the gene expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and tropomyosin receptor kinase B in the hippocampus of malnourished rats and favoured of long-term memory in the object recognition test in the open-field. These results suggest that an enriched environment may have a protective effect in adult life by inducing changes in long-term memory and anxiety traits in animals that were undernourished in early life. Furthermore, reversing these effects of undernutrition involves mechanisms linked to the molecular signalling of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and tropomyosin receptor kinase B in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odair José Farias Lima
- Physical Education and Sports Science Nucleus, Academic Center of Vitória, Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Waleska Maria Almeida Barros
- Multicenter Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Academic Center of Vitória, Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Ramos Vieira
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil
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Vargas R, Martins IP, Matiusso CCI, Casagrande RA, Zara CB, Huppes de Souza AC, Horst WP, Sieklicki TC, Becker TCA, Lucredi NC, Comar JF, Malta A, Mathias PCDF. Protein restriction during lactation causes transgenerational metabolic dysfunction in adult rat offspring. Front Nutr 2023; 9:1062116. [PMID: 36704794 PMCID: PMC9872122 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1062116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Protein restriction during lactation can induce metabolic dysfunctions and has a huge impact on the offspring's phenotype later in its life. We tested whether the effects of a maternal low-protein diet (LP) in rats can be transmitted to the F2 generation and increase their vulnerability to dietary insults in adulthood. Methods Female Wistar rats (F0) were fed either a low-protein diet (LP; 4% protein) during the first 2 weeks of lactation or a normal-protein diet (NP; 23% protein). The female offspring (F1 generation) were maintained on a standard diet throughout the experiment. Once adulthood was reached, female F1 offspring from both groups (i.e., NP-F1 and LP-F1) were bred to proven males, outside the experiment, to produce the F2 generation. Male F2 offspring from both groups (NP-F2 and LP-F2 groups) received a standard diet until 60 days old, at which point they received either a normal fat (NF; 4.5% fat) or a high fat diet (HF; 35% fat) for 30 days. Results At 90 days old, LPNF-F2 offspring had increased lipogenesis and fasting insulinemia compared to NPNF-F2, without alteration in insulin sensitivity. HF diet caused increased gluconeogenesis and displayed glucose intolerance in LPHF-F2 offspring compared to LPNF-F2 offspring. Additionally, the HF diet led to damage to lipid metabolism (such as steatosis grade 3), higher body weight, fat pad stores, and hepatic lipid content. Discussion We concluded that an F0 maternal protein restricted diet during lactation can induce a transgenerational effect on glucose and liver metabolism in the F2 generation, making the offspring's liver more vulnerable to nutritional injury later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Vargas
- Department of Biotechnology, Genetics, and Cellular Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil,Health Sciences Center, UniCesumar, Maringá, Brazil,*Correspondence: Rodrigo Vargas,
| | - Isabela Peixoto Martins
- Department of Biotechnology, Genetics, and Cellular Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil,Health Sciences Center, UniCesumar, Maringá, Brazil,Department of Morphological Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Camila Cristina Ianoni Matiusso
- Department of Biotechnology, Genetics, and Cellular Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil,Health Sciences Center, UniCesumar, Maringá, Brazil
| | | | - Camila Benan Zara
- Department of Biotechnology, Genetics, and Cellular Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ananda Malta
- Department of Biotechnology, Genetics, and Cellular Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
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Choi W, Kim J, Ko JW, Choi A, Kwon YH. Effects of maternal branched-chain amino acid and alanine supplementation on growth and biomarkers of protein metabolism in dams fed a low-protein diet and their offspring. Amino Acids 2022; 54:977-988. [PMID: 35353249 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-022-03157-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A considerable number of studies have reported that maternal protein restriction may disturb fetal growth and organ development due to a lower availability of amino acids. Leucine, one of branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) promotes protein synthesis through mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling. Here, we investigated the effects of BCAA supplementation in the dams fed a low-protein diet on serum and hepatic biochemical parameters of protein metabolism of dams and their offspring. Female ICR mice were fed a control (20% casein), a low-protein (10% casein), a low-protein with 2% BCAAs or a low-protein with 2% alanine diet for 2 weeks before mating and then throughout pregnancy and lactation. Alanine was used as an amino nitrogen control for the BCAA. Dams and their male offspring were sacrificed at postnatal day 21. There were no changes in body weight and fat mass in low-protein fed dams; however, BCAA supplementation significantly increased fat mass and serum leptin levels. Low-protein diet consumption reduced maternal protein synthesis based on biochemical analysis of serum albumin and hepatic protein levels and immunoblotting of S6 protein, which were increased by BCAA and alanine supplementation. Offspring from dams fed a low-protein diet exhibited lower body and organ weights. Body weight and hepatic protein levels of the offspring were increased by alanine supplementation. However, the decreased serum biochemical parameters, including glucose, triglyceride, total protein and albumin levels in the low-protein offspring group were not changed in response to BCAA or alanine supplementation. A reduced density of the hepatic vessel system in the offspring from dams fed a low-protein diet was restored in the offspring from dams fed either BCAA and alanine-supplemented diet. These results suggest that supplementation of amino nitrogen per se may be responsible for inducing hepatic protein synthesis in the dams fed a low-protein diet and alleviating the distorted growth and liver development of their offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wooseon Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, South Korea
| | - Juhae Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Je Won Ko
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Alee Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Young Hye Kwon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea. .,Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Olvera Hernández S, Reyes Castro LA, Daher Abdi A, Mezo-González CE, Arredondo A, Zambrano E, Bolaños-Jiménez F. Adult rats from undernourished dams show sex-dependent impaired expression in taste papillae and hypothalamus of genes responsible for sweet and fat detection and signalling. Nutr Neurosci 2021; 25:2011-2022. [PMID: 33926365 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2021.1920678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM Individuals undernourished in utero or during early life are at high risk of developing obesity and metabolic disorders and show an increased preference for consuming sugary and fatty food. This study aimed at determining whether impaired taste detection and signalling in the lingual epithelium and the brain might contribute to this altered pattern of food intake. METHODS The preference for feeding fat and sweet food and the expression in circumvallate papillae and hypothalamus of genes coding for sweet and fat receptors and transducing pathways were evaluated in adult rats born to control or calorie-restricted dams. Expression in the hypothalamus and the brain's reward system of genes involved in the homeostatic and hedonic control of food intake was also determined. RESULTS Male and female undernourished animals exhibited increased expression in taste papillae and hypothalamus of T1R1, T1R2, CD36, gustducin, TRMP5 and PLC-β2 genes, all of which modulate sweet and fat detection and intracellular signalling. However, the severity of the effect was greater in females than in males. Moreover, male, but not female, undernourished rats consumed more standard and sweetened food than their control counterparts and presented increased hypothalamic AgRP and NPY mRNAs levels together with enhanced dopamine transporter and dopamine receptor D2 expression in the ventral tegmental area. CONCLUSIONS Maternal undernutrition induces sex-specific changes in food preferences and gene expression in taste papillae, hypothalamus and brain reward regions. The gene expression alterations in the male offspring are in line with their preference for consuming sugary and fatty food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Olvera Hernández
- UMR Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles, INRAE - Université de Nantes, 44096 Nantes France
| | - Luis Antonio Reyes Castro
- UMR Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles, INRAE - Université de Nantes, 44096 Nantes France.,Reproductive Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, México
| | - Amran Daher Abdi
- UMR Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles, INRAE - Université de Nantes, 44096 Nantes France
| | | | | | - Elena Zambrano
- Reproductive Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, México
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Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is an evolutionarily conserved serine/threonine kinase that senses and integrates environmental information into cellular regulation and homeostasis. Accumulating evidence has suggested a master role of mTOR signalling in many fundamental aspects of cell biology and organismal development. mTOR deregulation is implicated in a broad range of pathological conditions, including diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, myopathies, inflammatory, infectious, and autoimmune conditions. Here, we review recent advances in our knowledge of mTOR signalling in mammalian physiology. We also discuss the impact of mTOR alteration in human diseases and how targeting mTOR function can treat human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassine El Hiani
- a Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, PO Box 15000, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Emmanuel Eroume-A Egom
- b Jewish General Hospital and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Xian-Ping Dong
- a Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, PO Box 15000, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
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Sharples AP, Stewart CE, Seaborne RA. Does skeletal muscle have an 'epi'-memory? The role of epigenetics in nutritional programming, metabolic disease, aging and exercise. Aging Cell 2016; 15:603-16. [PMID: 27102569 PMCID: PMC4933662 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle mass, quality and adaptability are fundamental in promoting muscle performance, maintaining metabolic function and supporting longevity and healthspan. Skeletal muscle is programmable and can ‘remember’ early‐life metabolic stimuli affecting its function in adult life. In this review, the authors pose the question as to whether skeletal muscle has an ‘epi’‐memory? Following an initial encounter with an environmental stimulus, we discuss the underlying molecular and epigenetic mechanisms enabling skeletal muscle to adapt, should it re‐encounter the stimulus in later life. We also define skeletal muscle memory and outline the scientific literature contributing to this field. Furthermore, we review the evidence for early‐life nutrient stress and low birth weight in animals and human cohort studies, respectively, and discuss the underlying molecular mechanisms culminating in skeletal muscle dysfunction, metabolic disease and loss of skeletal muscle mass across the lifespan. We also summarize and discuss studies that isolate muscle stem cells from different environmental niches in vivo (physically active, diabetic, cachectic, aged) and how they reportedly remember this environment once isolated in vitro. Finally, we will outline the molecular and epigenetic mechanisms underlying skeletal muscle memory and review the epigenetic regulation of exercise‐induced skeletal muscle adaptation, highlighting exercise interventions as suitable models to investigate skeletal muscle memory in humans. We believe that understanding the ‘epi’‐memory of skeletal muscle will enable the next generation of targeted therapies to promote muscle growth and reduce muscle loss to enable healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam P. Sharples
- Stem Cells, Ageing and Molecular Physiology (SCAMP) Research Unit Exercise Metabolism and Adaptation Research Group (EMARG) Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences (RISES) Liverpool John Moores University Liverpool UK
| | - Claire E. Stewart
- Stem Cells, Ageing and Molecular Physiology (SCAMP) Research Unit Exercise Metabolism and Adaptation Research Group (EMARG) Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences (RISES) Liverpool John Moores University Liverpool UK
| | - Robert A. Seaborne
- Stem Cells, Ageing and Molecular Physiology (SCAMP) Research Unit Exercise Metabolism and Adaptation Research Group (EMARG) Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences (RISES) Liverpool John Moores University Liverpool UK
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Jahan-Mihan A, Rodriguez J, Christie C, Sadeghi M, Zerbe T. The Role of Maternal Dietary Proteins in Development of Metabolic Syndrome in Offspring. Nutrients 2015; 7:9185-217. [PMID: 26561832 PMCID: PMC4663588 DOI: 10.3390/nu7115460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of metabolic syndrome and obesity has been increasing. Pre-natal environment has been suggested as a factor influencing the risk of metabolic syndrome in adulthood. Both observational and experimental studies showed that maternal diet is a major modifier of the development of regulatory systems in the offspring in utero and post-natally. Both protein content and source in maternal diet influence pre- and early post-natal development. High and low protein dams’ diets have detrimental effect on body weight, blood pressure191 and metabolic and intake regulatory systems in the offspring. Moreover, the role of the source of protein in a nutritionally adequate maternal diet in programming of food intake regulatory system, body weight, glucose metabolism and blood pressure in offspring is studied. However, underlying mechanisms are still elusive. The purpose of this review is to examine the current literature related to the role of proteins in maternal diets in development of characteristics of the metabolic syndrome in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Jahan-Mihan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Brook College of Health, University of North Florida, UNF Dr. Bldg 39, Room 3057A, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
| | - Judith Rodriguez
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Brook College of Health, University of North Florida, UNF Dr. Bldg 39, Room 3057A, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
| | - Catherine Christie
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Brook College of Health, University of North Florida, UNF Dr. Bldg 39, Room 3057A, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
| | - Marjan Sadeghi
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Brook College of Health, University of North Florida, UNF Dr. Bldg 39, Room 3057A, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
| | - Tara Zerbe
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Brook College of Health, University of North Florida, UNF Dr. Bldg 39, Room 3057A, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
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