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Andresen E, Urrea-Galeano LA. Effects of dung beetle activity on tropical forest plants. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.979676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dung beetles are recognized as providers of important ecosystem functions, most of which are derived from the removal of vertebrate dung from the soil surface. These insects occur in nearly all terrestrial biomes but are most diverse in the humid tropics. Several of the ecological functions attributed to dung beetles are related to their direct and indirect interactions with plants. Among these functions, the secondary dispersal of seeds defecated by mammals has received the most attention in tropical forests. Nonetheless, while several aspects of secondary seed dispersal by dung beetles are relatively well understood, others remain understudied or have not been addressed at all. Thus, a broad generalization about the effects of secondary seed dispersal by dung beetles on plant fitness remains somewhat elusive. Furthermore, other effects of dung beetle activity on tropical plants have received very little attention. A few studies have shown that through their behaviors of dung burial and soil-excavation, dung beetles can shape seed bank structure and dynamics. Also, though numerous greenhouse studies and field experiments in agricultural lands and temperate grasslands have shown that dung beetle activity increases plant nutrient uptake and yield, it is uncertain whether such effects are common in tropical forests. Here, we review and synthesize our current knowledge on how dung beetles affect tropical forest plants by dispersing defecated seeds, shaping the structure and dynamics of seed banks, and influencing the performance of understory seedlings. We focus on the Neotropics, where most studies on the effects of dung beetles on tropical forest plants have been carried out, but we also show results from other regions and biomes, to present a more general picture of these beetle-plant interactions. Throughout the review we emphasize aspects that need more research to allow generalizations and point out those questions that remain unanswered. We hope that this review will stimulate more research about the fascinating interactions between dung beetles and plants in tropical ecosystems.
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Rivera JD, Favila ME. Good news! Sampling intensity needed for accurate assessments of dung beetle diversity may be lower in the Neotropics. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.999488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecological studies with Scarabaeinae dung beetles have increased exponentially over the past 30 years, using lethal pitfall traps baited with mammal feces or carrion as the preferred sampling method. Different studies have determined the distance between pitfall traps for effective sampling, but the number of traps is often subjective, leading to excessive or poor sampling. This study provides quantitative guidelines for establishing the sample size for optimal completeness of dung beetle diversity by systematically reviewing the relationship between sampling intensity and sampling coverage, habitat type, and the journal impact factor in peer-reviewed research. We gathered 94 studies covering a range from México to Argentina. Sampling was conducted mainly in forested habitats, followed by treeless agriculture and agroforestry systems, with a median value of 50 pitfall traps per sampled habitat. Sampling completeness was above 0.9 in 95% of the studies. Oversampling ranged from 1 to more than 96,000 individuals, and sampling deficit varied between 2 and 3,300 specimens. Sampling intensity and the journal impact factor were significantly and positively correlated with oversampling, but these variables did not explain the sampling deficit. The positive correlation between journal impact factor and oversampling may reflect a publication bias where high-impact journals and researchers seek more generalizable information obtained with a higher sampling intensity. Dung beetle oversampling was not homogeneous between habitats, being highest in old-growth forests and lowest in disturbed habitats such as pastures and forest edges. Our results show that the collection intensity used in dung beetle studies should be reconsidered carefully. By incorporating ethical principles used in animal science, we suggest sampling guidelines for a robust sampling scheme of dung beetle diversity, which would also prevent oversampling. Consciously reducing sampling intensity will make resource use more cost-effective. We suggest increasing the number of independent sampling units rather than intensifying subsampling, thereby increasing the predictive power of statistical models to obtain more robust evidence of the phenomena under study.
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Chiew LY, Hackett TD, Brodie JF, Teoh SW, Burslem DFRP, Reynolds G, Deere NJ, Vairappan CS, Slade EM. Tropical forest dung beetle-mammal dung interaction networks remain similar across an environmental disturbance gradient. J Anim Ecol 2021; 91:604-617. [PMID: 34954816 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Conservation outcomes could be greatly enhanced if strategies addressing anthropogenic land-use change considered the impacts of these changes on entire communities as well as on individual species. Examining how species interactions change across gradients of habitat disturbance allows us to predict the cascading consequences of species extinctions and the response of ecological networks to environmental change. We conducted the first detailed study of changes in a commensalist network of mammals and dung beetles across an environmental disturbance gradient, from primary tropical forest to plantations, which varied in above-ground carbon density (ACD) and mammal communities. Mammal diversity changed only slightly across the gradient, remaining high even in oil palm plantations and fragmented forest. Dung beetle species richness, however, declined in response to lower ACD and was particularly low in plantations and the most disturbed forest sites. Three of the five network metrics (nestedness, network specialization, and functionality) were significantly affected by changes in dung beetle species richness and ACD, but mammal diversity was not an important predictor of network structure. Overall, the interaction networks remained structurally and functionally similar across the gradient, only becoming simplified (i.e., with fewer dung beetle species and fewer interactions) in the most disturbed sites. We suggest that the high diversity of mammals, even in disturbed forests, combined with the generalist feeding patterns of dung beetles, confer resilience to the commensalist dung beetle-mammal networks. This study highlights the importance of protecting logged and fragmented forests to maintain interaction networks and potentially prevent extinction cascades in human-modified systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yuen Chiew
- Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, University Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.,South East Asia Rainforest Research Partnership (SEARRP), Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Talya D Hackett
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK
| | - Jedediah F Brodie
- Division of Biological Sciences and Wildlife Biology Program, University of Montana Missoula, MT, 59802, USA
| | - Shu Woan Teoh
- Division of Biological Sciences and Wildlife Biology Program, University of Montana Missoula, MT, 59802, USA
| | - David F R P Burslem
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3UU, UK
| | - Glen Reynolds
- South East Asia Rainforest Research Partnership (SEARRP), Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Nicolas J Deere
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology (DICE), School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Charles S Vairappan
- Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, University Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Eleanor M Slade
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK.,Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Dr, 637459, Singapore
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Nunes CA, Barlow J, França F, Berenguer E, Solar RRC, Louzada J, Leitão RP, Maia LF, Oliveira VHF, Braga RF, Vaz‐de‐Mello FZ, Sayer EJ. Functional redundancy of Amazonian dung beetles confers community‐level resistance to primary forest disturbance. Biotropica 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cássio Alencar Nunes
- Departamento de Ecologia e Conservação Universidade Federal de Lavras Lavras, Minas Gerais Brazil
- Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster University Lancaster, Lancashire UK
| | - Jos Barlow
- Departamento de Ecologia e Conservação Universidade Federal de Lavras Lavras, Minas Gerais Brazil
- Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster University Lancaster, Lancashire UK
- MCTIC/Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi Belém, Pará Brazil
| | - Filipe França
- Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster University Lancaster, Lancashire UK
- Embrapa Amazônia Oriental Belém Brazil
| | - Erika Berenguer
- Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster University Lancaster, Lancashire UK
- Environmental Change Institute University of Oxford Oxford UK
| | - Ricardo R. C. Solar
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Julio Louzada
- Departamento de Ecologia e Conservação Universidade Federal de Lavras Lavras, Minas Gerais Brazil
- Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster University Lancaster, Lancashire UK
| | - Rafael P. Leitão
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Laís F. Maia
- Bio‐Protection Research Centre School of Biological Sciences University of Canterbury Christchurch New Zealand
| | - Victor H. F. Oliveira
- Departamento de Ecologia e Conservação Universidade Federal de Lavras Lavras, Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Fagundes Braga
- Unidade Divinópolis Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais Divinópolis, Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Fernando Z. Vaz‐de‐Mello
- Departamento de Biologia e Zoologia Instituto de Biociências Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Cuiabá, Mato Grosso Brazil
| | - Emma J. Sayer
- Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster University Lancaster, Lancashire UK
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Balboa, Ancon, Panama City Panama
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Sukhdeo CA, Philips TK, Tasse GC, Fokam EB, Morgan K. Elevational variation of dung beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) communities on Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea. AFRICAN ZOOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/15627020.2019.1645618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christie A Sukhdeo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
| | - T Keith Philips
- Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, Kentucky, United States
| | - Geraud C Tasse
- Department of Zoology and Animal Physiology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
- Ore Processing Laboratory, Institute of Geological and Mining Research, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Eric B Fokam
- Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, Kentucky, United States
| | - Katy Morgan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
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Nichols E, Alarcón V, Forgie S, Gomez-Puerta LA, Jones MS. Coprophagous Insects and the Ecology of Infectious Diseases of Wildlife. ILAR J 2018; 58:336-342. [PMID: 29036417 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilx022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A diversity of macro- and microparasitic species exert strong influences on wildlife population density, community structure, and ecosystem functioning, all through their impacts on individual host fitness. Through consuming, manipulating, and relocating wildlife feces, over 7,000 species of coprophagous dung beetles interact with a staggering diversity of wildlife parasites with fecal-oral transmission in ways that both increase and decrease transmission. Here, we review the mechanisms by which dung beetles influence micro- and macroparasite transmission and outline a future research framework that integrates theory and empirical insights to advance our understanding of how these relationships may interact with ongoing environmental change drivers to further influence wildlife populations and community structure. Any organism that significantly influences parasite transmission will impact multiple levels of biological organization. Therefore, improving our understanding of the role of dung beetle interactions within disease ecology will be key to future efforts to understand the overall dynamics of infection in wildlife and how parasites contribute to the maintenance of ecosystem structure and function and evolutionary processes in wild animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Nichols
- Elizabeth Nichols, PhD, is an assistant professor at the Department of Biology, Swarthmore College, in Swarthmore, Pennsylvania. Viviana Alarcón, BSc, is a project manager at the Ecology Department, University of São Paulo, in São Paulo, Brazil. Shaun Forgie is a research associate at Landcare Research, Tamaki, in Auckland, New Zealand. Luis A. Gomez-Puerta is a DVM at the School of Veterinary Medicine, National University of San Marcos, in Lima, Peru. Matthew S. Jones is a doctoral candidate at the Department of Entomology, Washington State University, in Pullman, Washington
| | - Viviana Alarcón
- Elizabeth Nichols, PhD, is an assistant professor at the Department of Biology, Swarthmore College, in Swarthmore, Pennsylvania. Viviana Alarcón, BSc, is a project manager at the Ecology Department, University of São Paulo, in São Paulo, Brazil. Shaun Forgie is a research associate at Landcare Research, Tamaki, in Auckland, New Zealand. Luis A. Gomez-Puerta is a DVM at the School of Veterinary Medicine, National University of San Marcos, in Lima, Peru. Matthew S. Jones is a doctoral candidate at the Department of Entomology, Washington State University, in Pullman, Washington
| | - Shaun Forgie
- Elizabeth Nichols, PhD, is an assistant professor at the Department of Biology, Swarthmore College, in Swarthmore, Pennsylvania. Viviana Alarcón, BSc, is a project manager at the Ecology Department, University of São Paulo, in São Paulo, Brazil. Shaun Forgie is a research associate at Landcare Research, Tamaki, in Auckland, New Zealand. Luis A. Gomez-Puerta is a DVM at the School of Veterinary Medicine, National University of San Marcos, in Lima, Peru. Matthew S. Jones is a doctoral candidate at the Department of Entomology, Washington State University, in Pullman, Washington
| | - Luis A Gomez-Puerta
- Elizabeth Nichols, PhD, is an assistant professor at the Department of Biology, Swarthmore College, in Swarthmore, Pennsylvania. Viviana Alarcón, BSc, is a project manager at the Ecology Department, University of São Paulo, in São Paulo, Brazil. Shaun Forgie is a research associate at Landcare Research, Tamaki, in Auckland, New Zealand. Luis A. Gomez-Puerta is a DVM at the School of Veterinary Medicine, National University of San Marcos, in Lima, Peru. Matthew S. Jones is a doctoral candidate at the Department of Entomology, Washington State University, in Pullman, Washington
| | - Matthew S Jones
- Elizabeth Nichols, PhD, is an assistant professor at the Department of Biology, Swarthmore College, in Swarthmore, Pennsylvania. Viviana Alarcón, BSc, is a project manager at the Ecology Department, University of São Paulo, in São Paulo, Brazil. Shaun Forgie is a research associate at Landcare Research, Tamaki, in Auckland, New Zealand. Luis A. Gomez-Puerta is a DVM at the School of Veterinary Medicine, National University of San Marcos, in Lima, Peru. Matthew S. Jones is a doctoral candidate at the Department of Entomology, Washington State University, in Pullman, Washington
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Nichols E, Peres CA, Hawes JE, Naeem S. Multitrophic diversity effects of network degradation. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:4936-46. [PMID: 27547324 PMCID: PMC4979718 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Predicting the functional consequences of biodiversity loss in realistic, multitrophic communities remains a challenge. No existing biodiversity–ecosystem function study to date has simultaneously incorporated information on species traits, network topology, and extinction across multiple trophic levels, while all three factors are independently understood as critical drivers of post‐extinction network structure and function. We fill this gap by comparing the functional consequences of simulated species loss both within (monotrophic) and across (bitrophic) trophic levels, in an ecological interaction network estimated from spatially explicit field data on tropical fecal detritus producer and consumers (mammals and dung beetles). We simulated trait‐ordered beetle and mammal extinction separately (monotrophic extinction) and the coextinction of beetles following mammal loss (bitrophic extinction), according to network structure. We also compared the diversity effects of bitrophic extinction models using a standard monotrophic function (the daily production or consumption of fecal detritus) and a unique bitrophic functional metric (the proportion of daily detritus production that is consumed). We found similar mono‐ and bitrophic diversity effects, regardless of which species traits were used to drive extinctions, yet divergent predictions when different measures of function were used. The inclusion of information on network structure had little apparent effect on the qualitative relationship between diversity and function. These results contribute to our growing understanding of the functional consequences of biodiversity from real systems and underscore the importance of species traits and realistic functional metrics to assessments of the ecosystem impacts of network degradation through species loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Nichols
- Department of Biology Swarthmore College Swarthmore Pennsylvania 19081; Department of Ecology University of São Paulo Sao Paulo 05508-090 Brazil
| | - Carlos A Peres
- School of Environmental Sciences University of East Anglia Norwich Research Park Norwich NR47TJ U.K
| | - Joseph E Hawes
- School of Environmental Sciences University of East Anglia Norwich Research Park Norwich NR47TJ U.K; Animal and Environment Research Group Department of Life Sciences Anglia Ruskin University East Road Cambridge CB1 1PT U.K
| | - Shahid Naeem
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology Columbia University New York New York 10027
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8
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França F, Louzada J, Korasaki V, Griffiths H, Silveira JM, Barlow J. Do space-for-time assessments underestimate the impacts of logging on tropical biodiversity? An Amazonian case study using dung beetles. J Appl Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Filipe França
- Departamento de Biologia; Universidade Federal de Lavras; Lavras MG 37200-000 Brazil
- Lancaster Environment Centre; Lancaster University; Bailrigg Lancaster LA1 4YQ UK
| | - Julio Louzada
- Departamento de Biologia; Universidade Federal de Lavras; Lavras MG 37200-000 Brazil
- Lancaster Environment Centre; Lancaster University; Bailrigg Lancaster LA1 4YQ UK
| | - Vanesca Korasaki
- Departamento de Biologia; Universidade Federal de Lavras; Lavras MG 37200-000 Brazil
- Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais; Av. Prof. Mario Palmério, 1001 Frutal MG 38200-000 Brazil
| | - Hannah Griffiths
- Departamento de Biologia; Universidade Federal de Lavras; Lavras MG 37200-000 Brazil
- Lancaster Environment Centre; Lancaster University; Bailrigg Lancaster LA1 4YQ UK
- School of Environmental Sciences; University of Liverpool; Liverpool L69 3GP UK
| | - Juliana M. Silveira
- Departamento de Biologia; Universidade Federal de Lavras; Lavras MG 37200-000 Brazil
| | - Jos Barlow
- Departamento de Biologia; Universidade Federal de Lavras; Lavras MG 37200-000 Brazil
- Lancaster Environment Centre; Lancaster University; Bailrigg Lancaster LA1 4YQ UK
- Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi; Av. Magalhães Barata, 376 Belém PA 66040-170 Brazil
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9
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Griffiths HM, Louzada J, Bardgett RD, Beiroz W, França F, Tregidgo D, Barlow J. Biodiversity and environmental context predict dung beetle-mediated seed dispersal in a tropical forest field experiment. Ecology 2015. [DOI: 10.1890/14-1211.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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10
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Barnes AD, Emberson RM, Krell FT, Didham RK. The role of species traits in mediating functional recovery during matrix restoration. PLoS One 2014. [PMID: 25502448 DOI: 10.5061/dryad.62512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Reversing anthropogenic impacts on habitat structure is frequently successful through restoration, but the mechanisms linking habitat change, community reassembly and recovery of ecosystem functioning remain unknown. We test for the influence of edge effects and matrix habitat restoration on the reassembly of dung beetle communities and consequent recovery of dung removal rates across tropical forest edges. Using path modelling, we disentangle the relative importance of community-weighted trait means and functional trait dispersion from total biomass effects on rates of dung removal. Community trait composition and biomass of dung beetle communities responded divergently to edge effects and matrix habitat restoration, yielding opposing effects on dung removal. However, functional dispersion--used in this study as a measure of niche complementarity--did not explain a significant amount of variation in dung removal rates across habitat edges. Instead, we demonstrate that the path to functional recovery of these altered ecosystems depends on the trait-mean composition of reassembling communities, over and above purely biomass-dependent processes that would be expected under neutral theory. These results suggest that any ability to manage functional recovery of ecosystems during habitat restoration will demand knowledge of species' roles in ecosystem processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Barnes
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand; Systemic Conservation Biology, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach Institute for Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Frank-Thorsten Krell
- Department of Zoology, Denver Museum of Nature & Science, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Raphael K Didham
- CSIRO Land & Water Flagship, Centre for Environment and Life Sciences, Floreat, Western Australia, Australia; School of Animal Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
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Barnes AD, Emberson RM, Krell FT, Didham RK. The role of species traits in mediating functional recovery during matrix restoration. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115385. [PMID: 25502448 PMCID: PMC4264948 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Reversing anthropogenic impacts on habitat structure is frequently successful through restoration, but the mechanisms linking habitat change, community reassembly and recovery of ecosystem functioning remain unknown. We test for the influence of edge effects and matrix habitat restoration on the reassembly of dung beetle communities and consequent recovery of dung removal rates across tropical forest edges. Using path modelling, we disentangle the relative importance of community-weighted trait means and functional trait dispersion from total biomass effects on rates of dung removal. Community trait composition and biomass of dung beetle communities responded divergently to edge effects and matrix habitat restoration, yielding opposing effects on dung removal. However, functional dispersion—used in this study as a measure of niche complementarity—did not explain a significant amount of variation in dung removal rates across habitat edges. Instead, we demonstrate that the path to functional recovery of these altered ecosystems depends on the trait-mean composition of reassembling communities, over and above purely biomass-dependent processes that would be expected under neutral theory. These results suggest that any ability to manage functional recovery of ecosystems during habitat restoration will demand knowledge of species' roles in ecosystem processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D. Barnes
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Systemic Conservation Biology, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach Institute for Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Frank-Thorsten Krell
- Department of Zoology, Denver Museum of Nature & Science, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Raphael K. Didham
- CSIRO Land & Water Flagship, Centre for Environment and Life Sciences, Floreat, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Animal Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
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12
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Gray CL, Slade EM, Mann DJ, Lewis OT. Do riparian reserves support dung beetle biodiversity and ecosystem services in oil palm-dominated tropical landscapes? Ecol Evol 2014; 4:1049-60. [PMID: 24772282 PMCID: PMC3997321 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Agricultural expansion and intensification are major threats to global biodiversity, ecological functions, and ecosystem services. The rapid expansion of oil palm in forested tropical landscapes is of particular concern given their high biodiversity. Identifying management approaches that maintain native species and associated ecological processes within oil palm plantations is therefore a priority. Riparian reserves are strips of forest retained alongside rivers in cultivated areas, primarily for their positive hydrological impact. However, they can also support a range of forest-dependent species or ecosystem services. We surveyed communities of dung beetles and measured dung removal activity in an oil palm-dominated landscape in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. The species richness, diversity, and functional group richness of dung beetles in riparian reserves were significantly higher than in oil palm, but lower than in adjacent logged forests. The community composition of the riparian reserves was more similar to logged forest than oil palm. Despite the pronounced differences in biodiversity, we did not find significant differences in dung removal rates among land uses. We also found no evidence that riparian reserves enhance dung removal rates within surrounding oil palm. These results contrast previous studies showing positive relationships between dung beetle species richness and dung removal in tropical forests. We found weak but significant positive relationships between riparian reserve width and dung beetle diversity, and between reserve vegetation complexity and dung beetle abundance, suggesting that these features may increase the conservation value of riparian reserves. Synthesis and applications: The similarity between riparian reserves and logged forest demonstrates that retaining riparian reserves increases biodiversity within oil palm landscapes. However, the lack of correlation between dung beetle community characteristics and dung removal highlights the need for further research into spatial variation in biodiversity–ecosystem function relationships and how the results of such studies are affected by methodological choices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eleanor M Slade
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford Oxford, U.K ; Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland
| | - Darren J Mann
- Hope Entomological Collections, Museum of Natural History, Oxford University Oxford, U.K
| | - Owen T Lewis
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford Oxford, U.K
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