The SNP rs402710 in 5p15.33 is associated with lung cancer risk: a replication study in Chinese population and a meta-analysis

CLPTM1L Is a Novel Putative Oncogene Promoting Tumorigenesis in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

This study aimed to explore the function of CLPTM1L in oral squamous cell carcinoma and mechanism of tumorigenesis. The expression of CLPTM1L was detected by immunohistochemistry. The localization in cells was detected by immunofluorescence. Cell invasion, proliferation, and migration were detected by transwell, CCK-8 and scratch-wound test. The possible characteristics of CLPTM1L were analysed in TCGA, GO, KEGG and String databases. IHC revealed that the expression of CLPTM1L in 92 cases of OSCC tissues was significantly higher (P < 0.01) than 29 cases of normal oral epithelium tissues. The expression of CLPTM1L was significantly higher in oral squamous cell carcinoma in TCGA database. CLPTM1L expression was not significantly correlated with the patients’ clinical parameters. High expression of CLPTM1L was associated with worse prognosis. Cox regression analysis demonstrated that the CLPTM1L expression was the significant risk factor. CLPTM1L was mainly localized in the perinuclear cytoplasm. The vitro studies revealed that the knockdown of CLPTM1L suppressed invasion, proliferation and migration. CLPTM1L related genes were enriched in protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, protein folding, endoplasmic reticulum formation, N-glycan biosynthesis, and protein hydroxylation. Highly expressed CLPTM1L may contribute to a poor prognosis and increase invasion, proliferation and migration of oral squamous cell carcinoma. CLPTM1L may play an important role in tumorgenesis and would be a valuable target gene for the treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Dietary consumption of antioxidant vitamins and subsequent lung cancer risk: The Japan Public Health Center-based prospective study

While many epidemiological studies have studied the association between lung cancer risk and fruits and vegetable consumption (the major sources of antioxidant vitamins), only a few have investigated the direct association with antioxidants in consideration of cancer subtypes and smoking status. Here, we examined the association between consumption of antioxidant vitamins and lung cancer risk in one of the largest prospective cohort studies in Japan. We investigated the association of dietary antioxidant vitamins intake, namely retinol, vitamin C, vitamin E, α-carotene, and β-carotene and subsequent incidence of lung cancer among 38,207 men and 41,498 women in the Japan Public Health Center-based prospective study. Cox proportional hazard regression was performed with adjustment for potential confounders and by strata of cancer subtypes and smoking status. Antioxidant and other dietary intakes were assessed using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). During 1,233,096 person-years of follow-up between 1995 and 2013, a total of 1,690 lung cancer cases were newly diagnosed. In a multivariate regression model, while higher retinol intake was positively associated with overall lung cancer risk in men (HR 1.26; 95% CI 1.05-1.51; p_trend  = 0.003), the estimates were more evident with small cell carcinoma (HR 1.92; 95% CI 1.13-3.24; p_trend  < 0.001). Null associations were observed for other antioxidant vitamins. Our prospective study suggests that higher consumption of retinol may be associated with an increased risk of lung cancer in men, especially with small cell carcinoma, although confirmation is required.

CLPTM1L gene rs402710 (C > T) and rs401681 (C > T) polymorphisms associate with decreased cancer risk: a meta-analysis

Cleft lip and palate transmembrane 1-like (CLPTM1L) gene rs402710 (C > T) and rs401681 (C > T) polymorphisms have been widely studied for their potential relation to cancer risk, but studies have produced conflicting results. To systematically evaluate the association between these two polymorphisms and overall cancer risk, we conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis on all relevant articles found in the PubMed and EMBASE databases published prior to May 1, 2017. There were 26 articles with 28 studies, including 30,770 cases and 34,089 controls, for the rs402710 polymorphism and 38 articles with 48 studies, including 67,849 cases and 328,226 controls, for the rs401681 polymorphism. The pooled results indicated that both rs402710 and rs401681 polymorphisms are significantly associated with decreased overall cancer risk. In our stratification analysis, a significant association of the rs402710 polymorphism with lung and bladder cancers was identified among Asian and Caucasian populations in both hospital-based and population-based studies. The rs401681 polymorphism was significantly associated with a decreased risk of lung cancer, bladder cancer, and basal cell carcinoma in Asians and in hospital-based studies. CLPTM1L gene rs402710 and rs401681 polymorphisms thus have a protective association with various types of cancer, especially lung cancer among Asians.

Genetic Polymorphism, Telomere Biology and Non-Small Lung Cancer Risk

Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified a number of chromosomal regions associated with the risk of lung cancer. Of these regions, single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), especially rs2736100 located in the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene show unique and significant association with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in a few subpopulations including women, nonsmokers, East Asians and those with adenocarcinoma. Recent studies have also linked rs2736100 with a longer telomere length and lung cancer risk. In this review, we seek to summarize the relationship between these factors and to further link the underlying telomere biology to lung cancer etiology. We conclude that genetic alleles combined with environmental (e.g., less-smoking) and physiological factors (gender and age) that confer longer telomere length are strong risk factors for NSCLC. This linkage may be particularly relevant in lung adenocarcinoma driven by epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations, as these mutations have also been strongly linked to female gender, less-smoking history, adenocarcinoma histology and East Asian ethnicity. By establishing this connection, a strong argument is made for further investigating of the involvement of these entities during the tumorigenesis of NSCLC.

Upregulation of miR-494 Inhibits Cell Growth and Invasion and Induces Cell Apoptosis by Targeting Cleft Lip and Palate Transmembrane 1-Like in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

BACKGROUND

Potential target genes of microRNA (miR)-494 have been reported in many types of cancers. However, the role of miR-494 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains unknown.

AIM

This study focused on the expression and biological function of miR-494 in ESCC.

METHODS

Using bioinformatics analyses, we found that cleft lip and palate transmembrane 1-like (CLPTM1L) was a potential target of miR-494. We performed quantitative real-time (qRT) PCR assays in 37 ESCC tumor tissues to determine the expression of miR-494 and CLPTM1L mRNA, and we analyzed the correlation between both of these factors and clinical characteristics. The cell counting kit-8 and colony formation assays were used to evaluate the effects of miR-494 expression on the proliferation of ESCC cells. The transwell migration assay and flow cytometric apoptosis assay were performed to study the influence of miR-494 on the invasion and apoptosis of ESCC cells. Western blotting, luciferase assays, and CLPTM1L knockdown experiments were used to determine whether CLPTM1L was a target of miR-494.

RESULTS

The qRT-PCR assays showed significant downregulation of miR-494 (P < 0.05) and upregulation of CLPTM1L mRNA (P < 0.05), both of which were significantly associated with lymph node metastases (P < 0.05). High expression of miR-494 inhibited cell proliferation and invasion and promoted cell apoptosis (P < 0.05). The results also showed that CLPTM1L was a target of miR-494.

CONCLUSION

These results show that the expression of miR-494, which can regulate cell growth, invasion and apoptosis of ESCC cells by targeting CLPTM1L, is downregulated in ESCC tumor tissues. The miR-494-CLPTM1L pathway could be further exploited to develop a new approach to treat ESCC.

The effect of fruit and vegetable intake on the development of lung cancer: a meta-analysis of 32 publications and 20,414 cases

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES

Quantification of the association between the intake of vegetables and fruits and the risk of lung cancer is controversial. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis to assess the relationship between vegetables and fruits and lung cancer risk.

SUBJECTS/METHODS

Pertinent studies were identified by a search in PubMed and Web of Knowledge. Random-effects models were used to calculate summary relative risks (RR) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI). Publication bias was estimated using Begg's test.

RESULTS

Finally, 30 articles with 37 studies comprising of 20,075 lung cancer cases for vegetables intake with lung cancer risk and 31 articles with 38 studies comprising of 20,213 lung cancer cases for fruits intake with lung cancer risk were included in this meta-analysis. The combined results showed that there were significant associations between vegetables and fruits intake and lung cancer risk. The pooled RR were 0.74 (95% CI: 0.67, 0.82) for vegetables and 0.80 (95% CI: 0.74, 0.88) for fruits. Significant association was found in females on vegetables intake and lung cancer but not in males. The association was also stronger in females than males on fruits intake and lung cancer risk. No publication bias was detected.

CONCLUSIONS

Our analysis indicated that intake of vegetables and fruits may have a protective effect on lung cancer, and the associations were stronger in females. As the potential biases and confounders could not be ruled out completely in this meta-analysis, further studies are needed.

Dietary vitamin E intake could reduce the risk of lung cancer: evidence from a meta-analysis

BACKGROUND

Quantification of the association between the intake of vitamin E and risk of lung cancer is still conflicting. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis to summarize the evidence from epidemiological studies of vitamin E intake with the risk of lung cancer.

METHODS

Pertinent studies were identified by a search in PubMed and Web of Knowledge up to October 2014. Random-effect model was used to combine study-specific results. Publication bias was estimated using Egger's regression asymmetry test.

RESULTS

Ten articles reporting 11 studies (10 prospective studies and 1 case-control studies) involving 4434 lung cancer cases were used in this meta-analysis. The combined relative risk (RR) of lung cancer associated with vitamin E intake was 0.858 (95% CI=0.742-0.991) overall, significant protective associations were also found in America population (RR=0.862, 95% CI=0.715-0.996) and prospective studies (RR=0.913, 95% CI=0.827-0.996). No publication bias was found.

CONCLUSIONS

Our analysis indicated that vitamin E intake might decrease the risk of lung cancer, especially in America.

Association between vitamin C intake and lung cancer: a dose-response meta-analysis

Epidemiological studies evaluating the association between the intake of vitamin C and lung cancer risk have produced inconsistent results. We conducted a meta-analysis to assess the association between them. Pertinent studies were identified by a search of PubMed, Web of Knowledge and Wan Fang Med Online through December of 2013. Random-effect model was used to combine the data for analysis. Publication bias was estimated using Begg's funnel plot and Egger's regression asymmetry test. Eighteen articles reporting 21 studies involving 8938 lung cancer cases were included in this meta-analysis. Pooled results suggested that highest vitamin C intake level versus lowest level was significantly associated with the risk of lung cancer [summary relative risk (RR) = 0.829, 95%CI = 0.734–0.937, I² = 57.8%], especially in the United States and in prospective studies. A linear dose-response relationship was found, with the risk of lung cancer decreasing by 7% for every 100 mg/day increase in the intake of vitamin C [summary RR = 0.93, 95%CI = 0.88–0.98]. No publication bias was found. Our analysis suggested that the higher intake of vitamin C might have a protective effect against lung cancer, especially in the United States, although this conclusion needs to be confirmed.