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de Freitas MBL, Luna LP, Beatriz M, Pinto RK, Alves CHL, Bittencourt L, Nardi AE, Oertel V, Veras AB, de Lucena DF, Alves GS. Resting-state fMRI is associated with trauma experiences, mood and psychosis in Afro-descendants with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2024; 340:111766. [PMID: 38408419 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2023.111766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SCZ) may exhibit functional abnormalities in several brain areas, including the medial temporal and prefrontal cortex and hippocampus; however, a less explored topic is how brain connectivity is linked to premorbid trauma experiences and clinical features in non-Caucasian samples of SCZ and BD. METHODS Sixty-two individuals with SCZ (n = 20), BD (n = 21), and healthy controls (HC, n = 21) from indigenous and African ethnicity were submitted to clinical screening (Di-PAD), traumata experiences (ETISR-SF), cognitive and functional MRI assessment. The item psychosis/hallucinations in SCZ patients showed a negative correlation with the global efficiency (GE) in the right dorsal attention network. The items mania, irritable mood, and racing thoughts in the Di-PAD scale had a significant negative correlation with the GE in the parietal right default mode network. CONCLUSIONS Differences in the activation of specific networks were associated with earlier disease onset, history of physical abuse, and more severe psychotic and mood symptoms in SCZ and BD subjects of indigenous and black ethnicity. Findings provide further evidence on SZ and BD's brain connectivity disturbances, and their clinical significance, in non-Caucasian samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Licia P Luna
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Márcia Beatriz
- Neuroradiology Service, São Domingos Hospital, São Luís, Brazil; Translational Psychiatry Research Group, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
| | | | - Candida H Lopes Alves
- Translational Psychiatry Research Group, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
| | - Lays Bittencourt
- Neuropsychiatry Service, Nina Rodrigues Hospital, São Luís, Brazil
| | - Antônio E Nardi
- Post-Graduation in Psychiatry and Mental Health (PROPSAM), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Viola Oertel
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Frankfurt Goethe University, Germany
| | - André B Veras
- Post-Graduation in Psychiatry and Mental Health (PROPSAM), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Gilberto Sousa Alves
- Translational Psychiatry Research Group, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil; Neuropsychiatry Service, Nina Rodrigues Hospital, São Luís, Brazil; Post-Graduation in Psychiatry and Mental Health (PROPSAM), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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2
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Grau-Gonzalez IA, Villalba-Garzon JA, Torres-Cuellar L, Puerto-Rojas EM, Ortega LA. A psychometric analysis of the Early Trauma Inventory-Short Form in Colombia: CTT and Rasch model. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024; 149:106689. [PMID: 38359775 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Potential childhood traumatic experiences increase risk for mental and physical health disorders and their precise assessment can help to promote health prevention and promotion strategies for countries with limited data and measurement strategies like Colombia. OBJECTIVE The goal of the present study is to strengthen evidence for the validity of scores from an adapted version of the Early Trauma Inventory self report-short form (ETI-SF) using Item Response Theory and by assessing factorial invariance across gender and education level. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING The study assessed a total of 1909 Colombian participants (66.16 % women, 32.16 % men, 1.68 % other gender; age range 18-72 years old). METHODS Participants answered the ETI-SF via a web-based sampling strategy. RESULTS The total scores of the scale showed good reliability coefficients (α = 0.81 and ω = 0.60). A specific analysis for the subscales showed good reliability for the emotional, physical, and sexual trauma subscales (αs and ωs >0.64), while general trauma showed lower than accepted reliability values (α =0.56 and ω = 0.37). Most of the individual items of the scale showed good calibration. The factorial invariance analysis suggests the possibility of some gender and educational differences. CONCLUSIONS The study confirms particularly high rates of potential childhood traumatic experiences in Colombia and complement data for specific trauma types. Overall, the ETI-SF is confirmed as useful for Colombia, which highlights this scale as a good tool to use for public health assessment. Future research can continue the integration of diverse methods for estimating the quality of the scale.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Javier A Villalba-Garzon
- Laboratorio de Psicometria Jose Rodriguez Valderrama, Departamento de Psicologia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Colombia.
| | | | | | - Leonardo A Ortega
- Facultad de Psicologia, Fundacion Universitaria Konrad Lorenz, Colombia.
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3
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da Silva TDA, Brito LG, da Silva J, Crippa JADS, Lara LAS. Assessment of Child Sexual Abuse in Victimized Women. JOURNAL OF SEX & MARITAL THERAPY 2023; 49:1029-1042. [PMID: 37548392 DOI: 10.1080/0092623x.2023.2242352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a frequent phenomenon, and women who report it are at a higher risk of mental disorders and sexual dysfunction. The application of a brief questionnaire could help gynecologists assessment of CSA history in women. This study was carried out including women (n = 593) who had been victims of CSA before the age of 18 years. We used the Early Trauma Inventory Self Report-Short Form (ETISR-SF) Part 4, the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5), and a semi-structured instrument to assess CSA. Among the 593 women included, 77 agreed to answer the questionnaires, 62(80.5%) had traumatic sexual events, 53(68.8%) had a total FSFI score ≤ 26.55, and 64(84.2%) considered themselves victims of CSA. There was an association regarding the belief that CSA influenced their sex life and their being at risk for GAD (p = 0.001), PTSD (p = 0.02), and sexual abuse by a family member (p = 0.01). The risk factors were the presence of risk for GAD (OR = 5.88[1.3-27.03]) and CSA by a family member (OR = 5.78[1.57-21.28]). This methodology can assist gynecologists in assessing a patient's history of CSA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jucélio da Silva
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil
| | | | - Lucia Alves S Lara
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil
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4
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Fernandes Vieira de Lima F, Rossi G, dos Santos RG, de Lima Osório F. Multifaceted Empathy Test (MET): Validity evidence for the Brazilian population concerning the computer-based (face-to-face) and online versions. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284524. [PMID: 37440553 PMCID: PMC10343083 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lack of empathy is associated with several psychological and behavioral disorders, and it is important to assess this construct broadly, through multi-methods. OBJECTIVE To conduct a psychometric analysis of the Brazilian version of the Multifaceted Empathy Test (MET), a computerized task that assesses emotional and cognitive empathy. METHODS The samples were recruited from the community using the snowball method (phase 1: face-to-face; N = 142) and through social media (phase 2: online; N = 519). The participants completed the MET and the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) to assess the convergent validity between the instruments. To assess validity with correlated constructs (resilient coping and stress), the Brief Resilient Coping Scale and Perceived Stress Scale were used. A task was also implemented in the face-to-face application to assess facial emotions. The retest was applied 25 days later to a portion of the sample (face-to-face: N = 31; online: N = 102). RESULTS It was observed adequate test-retest reliability for most items (ICC = 0.49-0.98), satisfactory infit and outfit indexes, discriminatory ability between sexes, weak convergent validity with empathy measures (r = 0.17-0.36), and correlate constructs (r = 0.12-0.46). MET presented good psychometric indicators, confirming its use in face-to-face/computer-based and online formats in clinical and research contexts. However, weaknesses were found regarding the cognitive subscale, demanding future studies to address larger samples to enable more robust conclusions concerning its adequacy. Further research on the instrument's internal structure can also contribute to its improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giordano Rossi
- Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo University, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael Guimarães dos Santos
- Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo University, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology (INCT-TM, CNPq), Brasília, Brazil
| | - Flávia de Lima Osório
- Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo University, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology (INCT-TM, CNPq), Brasília, Brazil
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5
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Wadji DL, Oe M, Cheng P, Bartoli E, Martin-Soelch C, Pfaltz MC, Langevin R. Associations between experiences of childhood maltreatment and perceived acceptability of child maltreatment: A cross-cultural and exploratory study. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023; 143:106270. [PMID: 37301113 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acceptable parental behaviors and practices toward a child vary across countries and may impact the risk of exposure to maltreatment. Conversely, prior experiences of maltreatment as a child may influence the acceptability of child maltreatment (CM) behaviors. OBJECTIVE This exploratory study examined the association between CM experiences and perceived acceptability of CM using data from four countries representing different cultures, living standards, and gross national income. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING We recruited a convenience sample of 478 adults from Cameroon (n = 111), Canada (n = 137), Japan (n = 108), and Germany (n = 122) through online postings on social media. METHODS We administered questionnaires and conducted a three-stage hierarchical multiple regression with perceived acceptability of CM subscales as the dependent variable. RESULTS In all countries, higher scores of childhood neglect were associated with greater perceived acceptability of neglect in one's community (p < .001). Equally, our results showed that higher scores of childhood neglect or sexual abuse were associated with greater perceived acceptability of sexual abuse (p < .044). However, we did not find a significant relationship between other forms of CM (i.e., physical abuse, emotional maltreatment, exposure to domestic violence), and their perceived acceptability. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that experiences of some CM types, namely neglect and sexual abuse, may be associated with the perception that these are more acceptable within one's community. Perceived acceptability of CM might be a driver that can either prevent or perpetuate CM. Therefore, intervention and prevention programs could incorporate a deeper cross-cultural understanding and assessment of these social norms in order to foster meaningful behavioral changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dany Laure Wadji
- Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland; Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Misari Oe
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan
| | - Polly Cheng
- Department of Psychology and Sport Sciences of the Goethe University of Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Eleonora Bartoli
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Canada
| | | | - Monique C Pfaltz
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Psychology and Social Work, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden
| | - Rachel Langevin
- Department of Psychology and Sport Sciences of the Goethe University of Frankfurt, Germany.
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6
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Trovão LDO, Alves GS, Carrilho CG, Ricci TG, Bittencourt L, Alves C, Brito NC, Nardi AE, Malaspina D, Veras AB. Early trauma and schizophrenia onset: preliminary results of an outpatient cohort in Brazil. TRENDS IN PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHOTHERAPY 2022; 44:e20200024. [PMID: 33872478 PMCID: PMC10039718 DOI: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the prevalence of early trauma in individuals with onset of schizophrenia (SZ) at early (≤ 18 years) and adult (> 18 years) ages (EOP and AOP, respectively) and explore relationships between the onset of disease and clinical variables including traumatic events and psychotic and mood symptoms. METHODS Subjects with SZ (n = 71) and EOP and AOP were compared for history of psychological trauma, sexual abuse, and physical punishment using the Early Trauma Inventory Self Report - Short Form (ETISR-SF). They were also compared for history of comorbidities and affective disorders using the Diagnostic Interview for Psychosis and Affective Disorders, the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, and the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia. Coefficients were calculated for correlations between scale results and disease duration. RESULTS Early trauma was significantly associated with an early onset psychotic episode (r = -0.315, p < 0.01). General trauma and depressive symptoms in adulthood were also associated (r = 0.442, p < 0.01), as were social anxiety symptoms and early trauma (r = 0.319, p < 0.01). Total ETISR-SF scores and the physical abuse item were significantly higher in EOP than in AOP. In the hierarchical regression, PANSS scores were best predicted by a model including the duration of disease and age of first psychotic episode (R = 0.303). CONCLUSIONS Our results support the hypothesis that early trauma, including physical abuse, may play a relevant role in schizophrenia symptoms, such as an earlier psychotic occurrence, as well as features of other psychiatric disorders, such as greater severity of social anxiety and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro de Oliveira Trovão
- Grupo de pesquisa em Psiquiatria Translacional, Hospital Nina Rodrigues, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Sousa Alves
- Grupo de pesquisa em Psiquiatria Translacional, Hospital Nina Rodrigues, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil. Programa de Pós-graduação em Psiquiatria e Saúde Mental (PROPSAM), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carolina Gomes Carrilho
- Grupo de Pesquisa Translacional em Saúde Mental (GPTranSMe), Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Thaysse Gomes Ricci
- Grupo de Pesquisa Translacional em Saúde Mental (GPTranSMe), Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Lays Bittencourt
- Grupo de pesquisa em Psiquiatria Translacional, Hospital Nina Rodrigues, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Cândida Alves
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Universidade Ceuma, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Natália Costa Brito
- Grupo de pesquisa em Psiquiatria Translacional, Hospital Nina Rodrigues, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Antonio Egídio Nardi
- Laboratório de Pânico e Respiração (LabPR-UFRJ), Instituto de Psiquiatria (IPUB), UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Dolores Malaspina
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Genetics, Icahn School of Medicine, Mt. Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - André Barciela Veras
- Grupo de Pesquisa Translacional em Saúde Mental (GPTranSMe), Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil. Laboratório de Pânico e Respiração (LabPR-UFRJ), Instituto de Psiquiatria (IPUB), UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Departments of Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Genetics, Icahn School of Medicine, Mt. Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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7
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Donadon MF, Martin-Santos R, L Osório F. Oxytocin effects on the cognition of women with postpartum depression: A randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 111:110098. [PMID: 32937192 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the most common mental disorders in the perinatal period is postpartum depression (PPD), which is associated with impaired emotional functioning due to alterations in different cognitive aspects including thought and facial emotion recognition (FER). Emotional impairments may affect the interaction and care offered to infants and their later development and therefore interventions with potential to minimize impairments associated with PPD are opportune. Oxytocin (OXT) was shown to have therapeutic properties associated with the promotion of affiliative and pro-social behaviors in different mental disorders. Few studies have assessed its therapeutic potential in PPD. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of the acute administration of intranasal OXT (24 IU) on FER of baby faces and negative thoughts after delivery in mothers with and without PPD. METHODS We conducted a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with a crossover design involving mothers with PPD (N = 20) and without PPD (N = 35) in the puerperium. Participants completed a static task of FER of baby faces and a questionnaire of post-natal negative thoughts. RESULTS Mothers with PPD had increased scores of negative thoughts about motherhood/infants, but no impairments in FER, when compared to healthy mothers. OXT had no effects on the rates of correct judgments or response times in the FER task, but was associated with response biases to facial happiness and the reduction of negative thoughts in mothers with PPD. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION OXT may have positive effects on maternal affiliative behavior, maternal care, and mother-infant interactions as suggested by changes found in different cognitive aspects, thus minimizing the deleterious effects of PPD on child development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rocio Martin-Santos
- Servicio de Psiquiatria y Psicología, Hospital Clinic, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Flávia L Osório
- Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo University, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; National Institute for Science and Technology (INCT-TM, CNPq), Brasília, Brazil.
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8
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Trichotillomania-psychopathological correlates and associations with health-related quality of life in a large sample. CNS Spectr 2021; 26:282-289. [PMID: 32264982 DOI: 10.1017/s109285292000111x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Relatively few studies have assessed the prevalence, correlates, and independent impact on quality of life (QoL) of trichotillomania (TTM) in large samples. METHODS Consecutive participants (N = 7639) were recruited from a cross-sectional web-based study. Sociodemographic data were collected and several validated self-reported mental health measures were completed (Minnesota Impulsive Disorders Interview, Hypomania checklist, Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, Early Trauma Inventory Self Report-Short Form, and the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised Inventory). Health-related QoL was assessed with the World Health Organization QoL abbreviated scale (WHOQOL-Bref). Multivariable models adjusted associations to potential confounders. RESULTS The sample was predominantly composed of young females (71.3%; mean age: 27.2 ± 7.9 years). The prevalence of probable TTM was 1.4% (95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.2-1.7), and was more common among females. Participants with probable TTM had a greater likelihood of having co-occurring probable depression (adjusted odds ratio [ORadj] = 1.744; 95% CI: 1.187-2.560), tobacco (ORadj = 2.250; 95% CI: 1.191-4.250), and alcohol (ORadj = 1.751; 95% CI: 1.169-2.621) use disorders. Probable TTM was also independently associated with suicidal ideation (ORadj = 1.917; 95% CI: 1.224-3.003) and exposure to childhood sexual abuse (ORadj = 1.221; 95% CI: 1.098-1.358). In addition, a positive screen for TTM had more impaired physical and mental QoL. CONCLUSIONS TTM was associated with a positive screen for several psychiatric comorbidities as well as impaired physical and psychological QoL. Efforts towards the recognition and treatment of TTM across psycho-dermatology services are warranted.
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Montoya-Arenas DA, Londoño-Guzmán D, Franco JG, Gaviria AM. Effect of Exposure to Socio-Political Violence and Abuse During Childhood on Executive Planning in Adult Life. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:693741. [PMID: 35242058 PMCID: PMC8886120 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.693741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The exposure to unfavorable environments during childhood negatively affects the development of the executive planning abilities in adult life. In countries with sociopolitical conflicts, children are exposed to traumatic events as a result of child abuse and sociopolitical violence. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of the exposure to both forms of adverse childhood experiences on the executive planning abilities in adults from the general population. METHOD The history of child abuse and sociopolitical violence during childhood was assessed, as well as the executive planning abilities, in 59 adults older than 49 without cognitive impairment or depressive disorder. RESULTS Of the sample, 88.1% experienced at least one child abuse event and 47.5% was exposed to sociopolitical violence. Sexual abuse and physical abuse (child abuse) were associated with reduced performance in executive planning. Forced displacement and extortion (sociopolitical violence) had a mixed relationship with planning ability, improving some aspects, and worsening some others. Kidnapping was associated with increased capacity and control of the working memory and executive planning. CONCLUSIONS The traumatic events during childhood have differential effects on the executive planning skills in the adult life. The exposure to sexual and physical abuse negatively affects executive skills; on the other hand, sociopolitical violence has a mixed or positive impact. Specifically, kidnapping favors the executive planning processes, probably under an evolutionary adaptive mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Andrés Montoya-Arenas
- Grupo de Investigación Emoción, Cognición y Conducta, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Daniel Londoño-Guzmán
- Grupo de Investigación Psicología y Neurociencias, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de San Buenaventura, Medellín, Colombia
| | - José G Franco
- Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría de Enlace (GIPE), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Ana M Gaviria
- Grupo de Investigación Psique y Sociedad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Fundación Universitaria María Cano, Medellín, Colombia
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10
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Magalhães EJM, Sarin LM, Del Sant LC, Lucchese AC, Nakahira C, Tuena MA, Puertas CB, Rodovalho Fava VA, Delfino RS, Surjan J, Steglich MS, Barbosa MG, Abdo G, Del Porto JA, Nemeroff CB, Cogo-Moreira H, Lacerda ALT, Mello AF. A Clinical Rationale for Assessing the Impact of Childhood Sexual Abuse on Adjunctive Subcutaneous Esketamine for Treatment-Resistant Depression. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:608499. [PMID: 34483976 PMCID: PMC8415867 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.608499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A history of child sexual abuse (CSA) is related to higher suicide rates and poor treatment outcomes in depressed adult patients. Twenty years after the first study investigating the effects of ketamine/esketamine on depression and suicide, there is a lack of data on the CSA effects on this emerging treatment. Here, we assess the impact of CSA on adjunctive subcutaneous (SC) esketamine for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Methods: A directed acyclic graphic (DAG) was designed to identify clinical confounders between CSA and esketamine predictors of response. The confounders were applied in a statistical model to predict depression symptom trajectory in a sample of 67 TRD outpatients. Results: The patient sample had a relatively high prevalence rate of CSA (35.82%). Positive family history of first-degree relatives with alcohol use disorder and sex were clinical mediators of the effects of esketamine in a CSA adult population. Overall, the presence of at least one CSA event was unrelated to esketamine symptom reduction. Conclusions: Unlike responses to conventional antidepressants and psychotherapy, CSA does not appear to predict poor response to esketamine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luciana Maria Sarin
- Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Carolina Nakahira
- Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio Tuena
- Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rodrigo Simonini Delfino
- Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Program for Care on Affective Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Surjan
- Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Program for Care on Affective Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Matheus Souza Steglich
- Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Program for Care on Affective Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Guilherme Abdo
- Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Alberto Del Porto
- Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Program for Care on Affective Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Charles B Nemeroff
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Institute of Early Life Adversity Research, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Hugo Cogo-Moreira
- Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Education, ICT and Learning, Faculty of Teacher Education and Languages, Østfold University College, Halden, Norway
| | - Acioly Luiz Tavares Lacerda
- Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Program for Care on Affective Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,CNS Unit, BR Trials, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrea Feijo Mello
- Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Program for Research and Care on Violence and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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11
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Introducing the Early Trauma Inventory Self Report - Short Form and its Qualitative and Quantitative Validation for the Slovenian General Population. Zdr Varst 2020; 59:245-255. [PMID: 33133281 PMCID: PMC7583426 DOI: 10.2478/sjph-2020-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Traumatic experience in childhood or adolescence has a significant impact on the development of chronic mental and physical conditions in adulthood. Thus, it is very important for health professionals, especially primary care physicians to have an inventory in order to detect early trauma for planning appropriate treatment, such as the Early Trauma Inventory (ETI). The aim of this paper is to test the psychometric properties of the Slovenian translation of the short, self-rated version (ETISR-SF), and to further validate the instrument. Methods The research was done in two parts – qualitative and quantitative. In the qualitative part, a questionnaire was translated and culturally adapted using the Delphi method. For the quantitative part, 51 patients with substance use disorders hospitalized at the Centre for the Treatment of Drug Addictions were recruited, along with 133 controls. The psychometric properties of the questionnaire were checked. Internal consistency was calculated using Cronbach’s alpha, test-retest reliability was examined graphically using a Bland-Altman plot. Discriminant validity between groups was gauged using the independent samples t-test. Results Consensus in the Delphi study was reached in the second round. Cronbach’s alpha varied between 0.60 - 0.85. Of the four domains, physical abuse had the lowest Cronbach’s alpha. The test-retest reliability is high for all domains, with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.82 to 0.96. The non-clinical sample differed significantly from the clinical sample. Conclusion The Slovenian translation of ETISR-SF is a satisfactory instrument for the evaluation of trauma before the age of 18.
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The effects of Toxic Early Childhood Experiences on Depression according to Young Schema Model: A Scoping Review. J Affect Disord 2019; 246:1-13. [PMID: 30562652 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Young Schema Model (YSM) emphasizes Toxic Early Childhood Experiences (TECE) as vulnerability factors to depression. However, the lack of consensus on how to define and measure TECE is likely to have led to inconsistent findings in current literature. This review maps supported and unsupported pathways to depression and measures used. METHODS A scoping review was conducted in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute protocol to identify primary research studies that examined developmental and maintenance pathways to depression within the YSM framework. 2463 articles were identified with 49 primary research studies selected for inclusion. As a subset of the overall review, this paper focuses on the 14 studies that examined effects of TECE on depression in context of YSM. RESULTS The studies used 11 different measures to examine the role of TECE in depression. Effects of maltreatment (i.e., physical abuse, emotional abuse, emotional neglect,) and perceived parenting (i.e., low care, high rejection, high overprotection and/or control, maladaptive parenting styles) on depression are well supported. Effects of sexual abuse and physical neglect on depression are currently inconclusive. CONCLUSION In conclusion, findings revealed the inconsistent definition and measurement of TECE (with 11 different measures) in current literature. Findings support the effects of physical abuse, emotional abuse, emotional neglect, low care, high rejection, high overprotection and/or control, and maladaptive parenting styles on depression. Limitations of existing studies include researchers' inconsistent definition and measurement of TECE, under-examined TECE sub-constructs, possible moderating relationships, predominant cross-sectional design, and homogeneous sampling. Limitations of the scoping review include its small number of studies and the absence of evaluation of the measures used. Nevertheless, this review represents the first step in the systematic examination of the empirical basis of YSM and is an important contribution to depression treatment and innovation.
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Hörberg N, Kouros I, Ekselius L, Cunningham J, Willebrand M, Ramklint M. Early Trauma Inventory Self-Report Short Form (ETISR-SF): validation of the Swedish translation in clinical and non-clinical samples. Nord J Psychiatry 2019; 73:81-89. [PMID: 30900487 DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2018.1498127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Childhood trauma in an important public health concern, and there is a need for brief and easily administered assessment tools. The Early Trauma Inventory (ETI) is one such instrument. The aim of this paper is to test the psychometric properties of the Swedish translation of the short, self-rated version (ETISR-SF), and to further validate the instrument. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 243 psychiatric patients from an open care unit in Sweden and 56 controls were recruited. Participants were interviewed and thereafter completed the ETISR-SF. Internal consistency was calculated using Cronbach's alpha, a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed and goodness-of-fit was determined. Intra Class Correlation (ICC) was used to calculate test-retest reliability. Discriminant validity between groups was gauged using the Mann-Whitney U-test. RESULTS Cronbach's alpha varied between 0.55 and 0.76, with higher values in clinical samples than in controls. Of the four domains, general trauma showed a lower alpha than the other domains. The CFA confirmed the four-factor model previously seen and showed good to acceptable fit. The ICC value was 0.93, indicating good test-retest reliability. According to the Mann-Whitney U-test, the non-clinical sample differed significantly from the clinical sample, as did those with PTSD or borderline diagnosis from those without these diagnoses. CONCLUSIONS The Swedish translation of the ETISR-SF was found to have similar psychometric properties as both the original version and translations. ETISR-SF scores could also distinguish between different diagnostic groups associated with various degrees of trauma, which supports its discriminant validity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Hörberg
- a Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry , Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Ioannis Kouros
- a Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry , Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Lisa Ekselius
- a Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry , Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Janet Cunningham
- a Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry , Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Mimmie Willebrand
- a Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry , Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Mia Ramklint
- a Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry , Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evidence suggests that skin picking disorder (SPD) could be a prevalent condition associated with comorbidity and psychosocial dysfunction. However, just a few studies have assessed the prevalence and correlates of SPD in samples from low- and middle-income countries. In addition, the impact of SPD on quality of life (QoL) dimension after multivariable adjustment to potential confounders remains unclear. METHODS Data were obtained from a Brazilian anonymous Web-based research platform. Participants provided sociodemographic data and completed the modified Skin Picking-Stanford questionnaire, the Hypomania Checklist (HCL-32), the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence, Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT), Symptom Checklist-90-Revised inventory (SCL-90R), early trauma inventory self report-short form, and the World Health Organization quality of life abbreviated scale (WHOQOL-Bref). Associations were adjusted to potential confounders through multivariable models. RESULTS For our survey, 7639 participants took part (71.3% females; age: 27.2±7.9 years). The prevalence of SPD was 3.4% (95% CI: 3.0-3.8%), with a female preponderance (P<0.001). In addition, SPD was associated with a positive screen for a major depressive episode, nicotine dependence, and alcohol dependence, as well as suicidal ideation. Physical and psychological QoL was significantly more impaired in participants with SPD compared to those without SPD, even after adjustment for comorbidity. CONCLUSIONS In this large sample, SPD was a prevalent condition associated with co-occurring depression, nicotine, and alcohol dependence. In addition, SPD was independently associated with impaired physical and psychological QoL. Public health efforts toward the early recognition and treatment of SPD are warranted.
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Gabínio T, Ricci T, Kahn JP, Malaspina D, Moreira H, Veras AB. Early trauma, attachment experiences and comorbidities in schizophrenia. TRENDS IN PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHOTHERAPY 2018; 40:179-184. [PMID: 29641648 DOI: 10.1590/2237-6089-2017-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate attachment patterns in subjects with schizophrenia and their relationships to early traumatic events, psychotic symptoms and comorbidities. METHODS Twenty patients diagnosed with schizophrenia according to criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) underwent retrospective symptom assessment and careful assessment of the number and manner of childhood caregiver changes. The Diagnostic Interview for Psychosis and Affective Disorders (DI-PAD) was used to assess symptoms related to schizophrenia (positive and negative symptoms), depression and mania. Anxiety disorder comorbidities were assessed by the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS), Yale-Brown Obsessions and Compulsions Scale (Y-BOCS) and Panic and Schizophrenia Interview (PaSI). Experience in Close Relationships - Relationship Structures (ECR-RS) and Early Trauma Inventory Self Report-Short Form (ETISR-SF) were used to assess attachment patterns and traumatic history, respectively. RESULTS Moderate and significant correlations between attachment patterns and early trauma showed that greater severity of anxious attachment was predicted by a higher frequency of total early traumas (Spearman ρ = 0.446, p = 0.04), mainly general traumas (ρ = 0.526, p = 0.017; including parental illness and separation, as well as natural disaster and serious accidents). Among the correlations between early trauma and comorbid symptoms, panic attacks occurring before the onset of schizophrenia showed significant and positive correlations with ETISR-SF total scores and the sexual trauma subscale. CONCLUSION Children with an unstable early emotional life are more vulnerable to the development of psychopathology, such as panic anxiety symptoms. Traumatic events may also predict later schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thalita Gabínio
- Grupo de Pesquisa Translacional em Saúde Mental, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Thaysse Ricci
- Grupo de Pesquisa Translacional em Saúde Mental, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Jeffrey P Kahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dolores Malaspina
- Department of Psychiatry and Environmental Medicine, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Helena Moreira
- Centro de Pesquisa de Intervenção Cognitivo-Comportamental, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - André B Veras
- Grupo de Pesquisa Translacional em Saúde Mental, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
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Nunes-Neto PR, Köhler CA, Schuch FB, Solmi M, Quevedo J, Maes M, Murru A, Vieta E, McIntyre RS, McElroy SL, Gearhardt AN, Stubbs B, Carvalho AF. Food addiction: Prevalence, psychopathological correlates and associations with quality of life in a large sample. J Psychiatr Res 2018; 96:145-152. [PMID: 29049971 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of food addiction in a large Brazilian non-clinical sample. Sociodemographic and psychopathological correlates of food addiction as well as associations with quality (QoL) domains were also investigated. METHODS This cross-sectional study obtained data from a Brazilian anonymous web-based research platform (N = 7639; 71.3% females). Participants provided sociodemographic data and completed the modified Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0, PHQ-9, hypomania checklist (HCL-32), Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence, AUDIT, modified Skin picking-Stanford questionnaire, Minnesota impulsive disorders interview, Symptom Checklist-90-Revised inventory (SCL-90R), early trauma inventory self report-short form, and the WHO Quality of Life instrument-Abbreviated version (WHOQOL-Bref). Associations were adjusted to potential confounders through multivariable models. RESULTS The prevalence of food addiction was 4.32% (95%CI: 3.89-4.80%), and was more common among females. Food addiction was associated with a positive screen for a major depressive episode (OR = 4.41; 95%CI: 3.46-5.62), bipolar spectrum disorder (OR = 1.98; 95%CI: 1.43-2.75), and skin picking disorder (OR = 2.02; 95%CI: 1.31-3.09). Food addiction was also independently associated with exposure to early life psychological and sexual abuse (P = 0.008) as well as with reduced physical, psychological, social, and environment QoL (all P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Food addiction may be common in low and middle-income countries, though possibly less prevalent than in the US. Food addiction was associated with co-occurring mood disorders and skin picking disorder as well as with early life psychological and sexual abuse. Finally, food addiction was independently associated with broad reductions in QoL. Public health efforts towards the early recognition and management of food addiction are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo R Nunes-Neto
- Translational Psychiatry Research Group and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Cristiano A Köhler
- Translational Psychiatry Research Group and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Felipe B Schuch
- Mestrado em Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade La Salle, Canoas, RS, Brazil; Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marco Solmi
- Neuroscience Department, University of Padua, Padova, Italy; Institute for Clinical Research and Education in Medicine (IREM), Padua, Italy
| | - João Quevedo
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA; Laboratory of Neurosciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil; Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; IMPACT Research Center, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Andrea Murru
- Bipolar Disorders Unit, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Bipolar Disorders Unit, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Roger S McIntyre
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Susan L McElroy
- Lindner Center of HOPE, Mason, OH, USA; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Brendon Stubbs
- Institute for Clinical Research and Education in Medicine (IREM), Padua, Italy; South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AZ, United Kingdom;; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8 AF, United Kingdom; Faculty of Health, Social Care and Education, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, CM1 1SQ, United Kingdom
| | - André F Carvalho
- Translational Psychiatry Research Group and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Institute for Clinical Research and Education in Medicine (IREM), Padua, Italy.
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Early-Life Trauma in Hospitalized Patients With Mood Disorders and Its Association With Clinical Outcomes. J Psychiatr Pract 2017; 23:36-43. [PMID: 28072643 DOI: 10.1097/pra.0000000000000202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of childhood trauma and its impact on clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients with mood disorders is unknown. We studied the frequency of childhood trauma among inpatient adults with mood disorders and its association with clinical outcomes. METHODS Patients admitted to our hospital with a primary diagnosis of mood disorders completed the short form of the Early Trauma Inventory-Self-Report (ETISR-SF), the Sheehan Disability Scale, and the Clinician-Rated Dimensions of Psychosis Symptom Severity scale. A regression model adjusted for multiple comparisons was used to examine the association between scores on the ETISR-SF and clinical outcomes. RESULTS Subjects were 167 patients, all of whom reported ≥1 types of childhood trauma: 90% general trauma, 75% physical abuse, 71% emotional abuse, 50% sexual abuse, and 35% all 4 types of abuse. The subtypes of abuse did not differ by sex or race. Diagnoses in the sample were bipolar disorder 56%, major depressive disorder 24%, schizoaffective disorder 14%, and substance-induced mood disorder 5%. The mean age in the sample was 35±11.5 years, 53% were male, and 64% also had substance abuse disorders. Higher scores on the ETISR-SF were associated with longer hospital stays [odds ratio (OR)=1.13; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.05-1.22], and greater disruption of work/school life (OR=1.12; 95% CI, 1.04-1.21). There was also a trend for higher ETISR-SF scores to be associated with more severe psychotic symptoms (OR=1.13; 95% CI, 1.01-1.27) and more disruption in social (OR=1.14; 95% CI, 1.06-1.22) and family life (OR=1.09; 95% CI, 1.02-1.17). CONCLUSION Childhood trauma was reported by all of the 167 patients, with general trauma the most common and approximately half reporting sexual abuse. Childhood trauma was associated with poor clinical outcomes. Early recognition of trauma and trauma-related therapeutic interventions may improve outcomes.
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Osório FL, Carvalho ACF, Donadon MF, Moreno AL, Polli-Neto O. Chronic pelvic pain, psychiatric disorders and early emotional traumas: Results of a cross sectional case-control study. World J Psychiatry 2016; 6:339-344. [PMID: 27679773 PMCID: PMC5031934 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v6.i3.339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To compare the prevalence of psychiatric disorders and early emotional traumas between women with chronic pelvic pain (CPP) and healthy women.
METHODS One hundred women in reproductive age, 50 of them had CPP (according to the criteria set by the International Association for Study of Pain), and 50 were considered healthy after the gynecological evaluation. The eligibility criteria were defined as follows: chronic or persistent pain perceived in the pelvis-related structures (digestive, urinary, genital, myofascial or neurological systems). Only women in reproductive age with acyclic pain for 6 mo, or more, were included in the present study. Menopause was the exclusion criterion. The participants were grouped according to age, school level and socio-economic status and were individually assessed through DSM-IV Structured Clinical Interview (SCID-I) and Early Trauma Inventory Self-report - short form (ETISR-SF Brazilian version). Descriptive statistics, group comparison tests and multivariate logistics regression were used in the data analysis.
RESULTS The early emotional traumas are highly prevalent, but their prevalence did not differ between the two groups. The current Major Depressive Disorder was more prevalent in women with CPP. The CPP was associated with endometriosis in 48% of the women. There was no difference in the prevalence of disorders when endometriosis was taken into account (endometriosis vs other diseases: P > 0.29). The current Major Depressive Disorder and the Bipolar Disorder had greater occurrence likelihood in the group of women with CPP (ODDS = 5.25 and 9.0).
CONCLUSION The data reinforce the link between mood disorders and CPP. The preview evidences about the association between CPP and early traumas tended not to be significant after a stronger methodological control was implemented.
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Misiak B, Moustafa AA, Kiejna A, Frydecka D. Childhood traumatic events and types of auditory verbal hallucinations in first-episode schizophrenia patients. Compr Psychiatry 2016; 66:17-22. [PMID: 26995231 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evidence is accumulating that childhood trauma might be associated with higher severity of positive symptoms in patients with psychosis and higher incidence of psychotic experiences in non-clinical populations. However, it remains unknown whether the history of childhood trauma might be associated with particular types of auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH). METHOD We assessed childhood trauma using the Early Trauma Inventory Self-Report - Short Form (ETISR-SF) in 94 first-episode schizophrenia (FES) patients. Lifetime psychopathology was evaluated using the Operational Criteria for Psychotic Illness (OPCRIT) checklist, while symptoms on the day of assessment were examined using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Based on ETISR-SF, patients were divided into those with and without the history of childhood trauma: FES(+) and FES(-) patients. RESULTS FES(+) patients had significantly higher total number of AVH types and Schneiderian first-rank AVH as well as significantly higher PANSS P3 item score (hallucinatory behavior) in comparison with FES(-) patients. They experienced significantly more frequently third person AVH and abusive/accusatory/persecutory voices. These differences remained significant after controlling for education, PANSS depression factor score and chlorpromazine equivalent. Linear regression analysis revealed that the total number of AVH types was predicted by sexual abuse score after controlling for above mentioned confounders. This effect was significant only in females. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that the history of childhood trauma, especially sexual abuse, is associated with higher number AVH in females but not in males. Third person AVH and abusive/accusatory/persecutory voices, representing Schneiderian first-rank symptoms, might be particularly related to childhood traumatic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Błażej Misiak
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, 10 Pasteur Street, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; Department of Genetics, Wroclaw Medical University, 1 Marcinkowski Street, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Ahmed A Moustafa
- School of Social Sciences and Psychology, Marcs Institute of Brain and Behaviour, University of Western Sydney, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrzej Kiejna
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, 10 Pasteur Street, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Frydecka
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, 10 Pasteur Street, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
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Salum GA, DeSousa DA, Manfro GG, Pan PM, Gadelha A, Brietzke E, Miguel EC, Mari JJ, do Rosário MC, Grassi-Oliveira R. Measuring child maltreatment using multi-informant survey data: a higher-order confirmatory factor analysis. TRENDS IN PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHOTHERAPY 2016; 38:23-32. [PMID: 27007940 DOI: 10.1590/2237-6089-2015-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the validity and reliability of a multi-informant approach to measuring child maltreatment (CM) comprising seven questions assessing CM administered to children and their parents in a large community sample. METHODS Our sample comprised 2,512 children aged 6 to 12 years and their parents. Child maltreatment (CM) was assessed with three questions answered by the children and four answered by their parents, covering physical abuse, physical neglect, emotional abuse and sexual abuse. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to compare the fit indices of different models. Convergent and divergent validity were tested using parent-report and teacher-report scores on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Discriminant validity was investigated using the Development and Well-Being Assessment to divide subjects into five diagnostic groups: typically developing controls (n = 1,880), fear disorders (n = 108), distress disorders (n = 76), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (n = 143) and oppositional defiant disorder/conduct disorder (n = 56). RESULTS A higher-order model with one higher-order factor (child maltreatment) encompassing two lower-order factors (child report and parent report) exhibited the best fit to the data and this model's reliability results were acceptable. As expected, child maltreatment was positively associated with measures of psychopathology and negatively associated with prosocial measures. All diagnostic category groups had higher levels of overall child maltreatment than typically developing children. CONCLUSIONS We found evidence for the validity and reliability of this brief measure of child maltreatment using data from a large survey combining information from parents and their children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gisele Gus Manfro
- Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatria do Desenvolvimento para Crianças e Adolescentes, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro Mario Pan
- Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatria do Desenvolvimento para Crianças e Adolescentes, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ary Gadelha
- Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatria do Desenvolvimento para Crianças e Adolescentes, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Elisa Brietzke
- Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatria do Desenvolvimento para Crianças e Adolescentes, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Jair J Mari
- Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatria do Desenvolvimento para Crianças e Adolescentes, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Conceição do Rosário
- Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatria do Desenvolvimento para Crianças e Adolescentes, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Grassi-Oliveira
- Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatria do Desenvolvimento para Crianças e Adolescentes, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Misiak B, Szmida E, Karpiński P, Loska O, Sąsiadek MM, Frydecka D. Lower LINE-1 methylation in first-episode schizophrenia patients with the history of childhood trauma. Epigenomics 2015. [DOI: 10.2217/epi.15.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: We investigated methylation of DNA repetitive sequences (LINE-1 and BAGE) in peripheral blood leukocytes from first-episode schizophrenia (FES) patients and healthy controls (HCs) with respect to childhood adversities. Materials & methods: Patients were divided into two subgroups based on the history of childhood trauma – FES(+) and FES(-) subjects. The majority of HCs had a negative history of childhood trauma – HCs(-) subjects. Results: FES(+) patients had significantly lower LINE-1 methylation in comparison with FES(-) patients or HC(-) subjects. Emotional abuse and total trauma score predicted lower LINE-1 methylation in FES patients, while general trauma score was associated with lower BAGE methylation in HCs. Conclusion: Childhood adversities might be associated with global DNA hypomethylation in adult FES patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Błażej Misiak
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, 10 Pasteur Street, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Genetics, Wroclaw Medical University, 1 Marcinkowski Street, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Szmida
- Department of Genetics, Wroclaw Medical University, 1 Marcinkowski Street, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Karpiński
- Department of Genetics, Wroclaw Medical University, 1 Marcinkowski Street, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Olga Loska
- Department of Professional Training in Clinical Chemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 211A Borowska Street, 50-566 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Maria M Sąsiadek
- Department of Genetics, Wroclaw Medical University, 1 Marcinkowski Street, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Frydecka
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, 10 Pasteur Street, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
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